Part 14

DOSAGE: 30 Gm. or 1 ounce (U.S.P.)

=*Pepsinum (Pepsin.), Pepsin, U.S.P.=--Contains a proteolytic ferment or enzyme from the stomach of the hog.

White or yellowish scales, grains, or powder, having a slightly acid or saline taste and no offensive odor. Soluble in water (1:50); nearly insoluble in alcohol. Digests 3000 times its own weight of coagulated egg albumen.

ACTION AND USES: Used to assist in the gastric digestion of proteins. Usually superfluous, since gastric juice generally contains sufficient pepsin to perform gastric digestion. The alcohol of the elixirs and wines may be distinctly harmful in gastric disorders, while the other ingredients of the many complex mixtures need be prescribed only when direct indications for them exist. Many of these mixtures are irrational.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Pepsin.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Pepsin, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Pepsini, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal with Iron and Pepsin).--Glycerite of pepsin (20%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini (Elix. Pepsin.), Elixir of Pepsin, N.F._--Glycerite of pepsin (20%), glycerin (10%), hydrochloric acid (0.4%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae._--See under =Strychnina=.

_Elixir Pepsini et Bismuthi (Elix. Pepsin. et Bism.), Elixir of Pepsin and Bismuth, N.F._--Pepsin (0.85%), glycerin (12.5%), glycerite of bismuth (12.5%) in water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

USES: This preparation lacks the protective action of the basic bismuth salts.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini et Ferri (Elix. Pepsin. et Ferr.), Elixir of Pepsin and Iron, N.F._--Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (7.5%) and elixir of pepsin. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini et Rennini Compositum (Elix. Pepsin. et Rennin. Co.), Compound Elixir of Pepsin and Rennin, N.F._ (Essentia Pepsini, N.F. III).--Pepsin (2.25%), rennin (1.65%), lactic acid, tincture of sweet orange peel, glycerin, alcohol, oil of myristica and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Glyceritum Pepsini (Glycer. Pepsin.), Glycerite of Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (8.5%), hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 3 Cc. or 45 minims (N.F.).

_Liquor Pepsini (Liq. Pepsin.), Solution of Pepsin, N.F._--Glycerite of pepsin (5%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Liquor Pepsini Antisepticus (Liq. Pepsin. Antisept.), Antiseptic Solution of Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (5%), menthol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, alcohol, glycerin and diluted hydrochloric acid in water. Absolute alcohol content about 1 per cent.

USES: This solution appears misnamed, since its administration cannot render the stomach antiseptic.

_Liquor Pepsini Aromaticus (Liq. Pepsin. Arom.), Aromatic Solution of Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (1.75%), oils of cinnamon, pimenta and clove, alcohol, hydrochloric acid and glycerin in water. Absolute alcohol content about 3 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Pepsinum Saccharatum (Pepsin. Sacchar.), Saccharated Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (10%) with sugar of milk.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Succus Citri et Pepsinum (Suc. Cit. et Pepsin.), Lime Juice and Pepsin, N.F._ (Succus Limettae cum Pepsino, N.F. III).--Glycerite of pepsin (40%) and lime juice.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Vinum Pepsini (Vin. Pepsin.), Wine of Pepsin, N.F._ (Pepsin Wine).--Glycerite of pepsin (20%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Persio (Persio), Cudbear, N.F.= (Red Indigo).--A purplish-red powder prepared from lichens.

ACTION AND USES: Coloring agent.

_Tinctura Persionis (Tr. Persion.), Tincture of Cudbear, N.F._--Cudbear in alcohol and water.

USES: To impart a reddish color.

_Tinctura Persionis Composita (Tr. Persion. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cudbear, N.F._--Cudbear and caramel in alcohol and water.

USES: To impart a reddish-brown color.

=*Petrolatum (Petrolat.), Petrolatum, U.S.P.= (Petrolatum Ointment, Petroleum Jelly).--A purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons from crude petroleum.

An unctuous, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless semisolid. Insoluble in water and almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Protective to the skin and basis for ointments, etc.

_Emulsum Petrolati (Emul. Petrolat.), Emulsion of Petrolatum, N.F._ (Emulsum Petrolei, N.F. III).--Petrolatum (22.5%), expressed oil of almond and acacia in syrup and water flavored with tincture of lemon peel.

USES: Emollient laxative.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Petrolatum Album (Petrolat. Alb.), White Petrolatum, U.S.P.= (White Petroleum Jelly).--Petrolatum decolorized or nearly so.

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of petrolatum.

_*Petrolatum Liquidum (Petrolat. Liq.), Liquid Petrolatum, U.S.P._ (Liquid Paraffin, Mineral Oil).--A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. Official as Heavy Liquid Petrolatum and Light Liquid Petrolatum.

A colorless, transparent, oily, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless liquid. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Vehicle for medicinal agents to be applied externally or to the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Also given internally largely for its mechanical action in constipation. Is not absorbed by the intestine and has no nutritive properties.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Nebula Aromatica (Nebul. Arom.), Aromatic Oil Spray, N.F._ (Aromatol).--Light liquid petrolatum aromatized with phenol, menthol, thymol, camphor, benzoic acid, eucalyptol, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove and methyl salicylate.

USES: An aromatic spray.

_Petroxolinum Liquidum (Petrox. Liq.), Liquid Petroxolin, N.F._ (Petrolatum Saponatum Liquidum, N.F. III, Liquid Petrox).--Light liquid petrolatum and ammonium oleate, scented with oil of lavender and diluted with water and alcohol.

USES: A soap-emulsion of petrolatum intended as vehicle for oily applications.

_Petroxolinum Spissum (Petrox. Spiss.), Solid Petroxolin, N.F._ (Petrolatum Saponatum Spissum, N.F. III, Solid Petrox).--An ointment composed of ammonium oleate, white wax, light liquid petrolatum and alcohol scented with oil of lavender.

=Petroselini Radix (Petrosel. Rad.), Parsley Root, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete carminative.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Petroselini Radicis (Fldext. Petrosel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Parsley Root, N.F._--Parsley root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Petroselinum (Petrosel.), Parsley Fruit, U.S.P.= (Parsley Seed).

ACTION AND USES: See the oleoresin below.

_Oleoresina Petroselini (Oleores. Petrosel.), Oleoresin of Parsley Fruit, U.S.P._ (Liquid Apiol).

USES: Advertised as an emmenagogue, but of doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

=PETROXOLINA, PETROXOLINS.=--The petroxolins are solutions or suspensions of active medicaments in a mixture of ammonia soap and petrolatum or liquid petrolatum. Their advantage over other forms of external applications is doubtful. For official petroxolins see under the names of the principal ingredients.

=*Phenol (Phenol), Phenol, U.S.P.= (Carbolic Acid).--Hydroxybenzene obtained from coal-tar or made synthetically.

Colorless crystals or white crystalline masses, sometimes becoming reddish, with a characteristic odor. Soluble in water (1:15), and very soluble in alcohol, glycerin or the fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Standard antiseptic and germicide; also local anesthetic and caustic.

_Aqua Phenolata (Aq. Phenol.), Phenolated Water, N.F._ (Carbolic Acid Water).--Phenol (2%) in water.

_Glyceritum Phenolis (Glycer. Phenol.), Glycerite of Phenol, U.S.P._ (Glycerite of Carbolic Acid).--Liquefied phenol (20%) in glycerin.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

_Oleum Phenolatum (Ol. Phenol.), Phenolated Oil, N.F._ (Oleum Carbolatum, N.F. III, Carbolized Oil).--Phenol (5%) in olive oil.

USES: A mild local stimulant and anesthetic but practically not antiseptic.

_Petroxolinum Phenolis (Petrox. Phenol.), Phenol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Phenol Petrox).--Phenol (5%) in liquid petroxolin.

_Petroxolinum Phenolis Camphoratum (Petrox. Phenol. Camph.), Camphorated Phenol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Camphorated Phenol Petrox).--Phenol (12.5%) and camphor (37.5%) in liquid petroxolin.

_*Phenol Liquefactum (Phenol Liq.), Liquefied Phenol, U.S.P._ (Liquefied Carbolic Acid).--Phenol liquefied by water (about 10%).

A colorless liquid, which may become reddish.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_Unguentum Phenolis (Ung. Phenol.), Ointment of Phenol, U.S.P._ (Ointment of Carbolic Acid).--Liquefied phenol (2.25%) in ointment.

=Phenol Iodatum (Phenol Iodat.), Iodized Phenol, N.F.= (Acidum Carbolicum Iodatum, N.F. III).--Iodine (20%) and phenol (60%) in glycerin.

=*Phenolphthaleinum (Phenolphthal.), Phenolphthalein, U.S.P.=

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:13).

ACTION AND USES: Mild but efficient cathartic. It may cause some irritation to the rectum and lower bowel and very large doses have produced alarming secondary symptoms.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Trochisci Phenolphthaleini (Troch. Phenolphthal.), Troches of Phenolphthalein, N.F._--Each troche contains phenolphthalein (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with acacia, sugar, vanillin and carmine.

DOSAGE: 1 troche

=*Phenylis Salicylas (Phenyl. Salicyl.), Phenyl Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Salol).

White powder, with an aromatic odor and a slight, characteristic taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:6670); freely soluble in alcohol (1:6), and in fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Intestinal antiseptic, by the liberation of phenol and salicylic acid.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) best in powder; may be inclosed dry in capsules or cachets.

=*Phosphorus (Phosphor.), Phosphorus, U.S.P.=

Translucent, nearly colorless, waxy solid with a characteristic odor, becoming white, red or black on the surface on long keeping. Readily inflammable in air (preserved under water). Almost insoluble in water, to which phosphorus imparts its characteristic odor and taste; slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol (1:400) and soluble in chloroform (1:17).

ACTION AND USES: In rickets for stimulation of bone formation. Its use as "nerve-food" is irrational.

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be administered in pills or as phosphorated oil (1:100). The preparations are unreliable unless they have been recently made, since phosphorus rapidly loses its efficiency through oxidation.

_Elixir Phosphori (Elix. Phosphor.), Elixir of Phosphorus, N.F._--Phosphorus (0.025%) and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water flavored with compound spirit of orange and oil of anise. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent. Deteriorates rapidly.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Phosphori et Nucis Vomicae (Elix. Phosphor. et Nuc. Vom.), Elixir of Phosphorus and Nux Vomica, N.F._--Tincture of nux vomica (3.5%) and elixir of phosphorus. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent.

USES: An irrational "tonic."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Liquor Phosphori (Liq. Phosphor.), Solution of Phosphorus, N.F._ (Thompson's Solution of Phosphorus).--Phosphorus (0.07%) in glycerin and dehydrated alcohol flavored with spirit of peppermint. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

_Oleum Phosphoratum (Ol. Phosphorat.), Phosphorated Oil, N.F._--Phosphorus (1%), dissolved in ether and added to expressed oil of almond.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).

_Pilulae Phosphori (Pil. Phosphor.), Pills of Phosphorus, U.S.P._--Each pill should contain phosphorus (0.6 mg. or 1/100 grain) coated with tolu.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (U.S.P.).

=Physostigma (Physostig.), Physostigma, U.S.P.= (Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean).--Yields not less than 0.15 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly physostigmine).

ACTION AND USES: Antitetanic, antineuralgic, peristaltic. See =Physostigminae Salicylas=, which has the same actions and deserves preference because of its uniform composition.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.). Not used as such.

_Extractum Physostigmatis (Ext. Physostig.), Extract of Physostigma, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Physostigma).--One Gm. extract represents about 13 Gm. of physostigma. Yields about 2 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Physostigmatis (Tr. Physostig.), Tincture of Physostigma, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Calabar Bean).--Physostigma (10%), yielding about 0.015 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Physostigminae Salicylas (Physostig. Salicyl.), Physostigmine Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Eserine Salicylate).

Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless crystals. Soluble in water (1:75) and in alcohol (1:16).

ACTION AND USES: Stimulant of parasympathetic nerve endings. Used especially as a powerful miotic, particularly in glaucoma, sometimes internally against ileus or intestinal paresis.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.). Externally, solutions (should be freshly prepared) from 0.1 to 1 per cent.

=Phytolacca (Phytolac.), Phytolacca, N.F.= (Poke Root).

ACTION AND USES: Unreliable irritant, emetic, cathartic and "alterative."

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Phytolaccae (Fldext. Phytolac.), Fluidextract of Phytolacca, N.F._--Phytolacca (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).

=*Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum (Pilocarpin. Hydrochl.), Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Pilocarpine Chloride).

Colorless, odorless crystals with a faintly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Used especially to increase sweat and other secretions, also as miotic. Must be used with caution when the circulation is weak.

DOSAGE: By mouth 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Best administered by hypodermic injection.

=*Pilocarpinae Nitras (Pilocarpin. Nit.), Pilocarpine Nitrate, U.S.P.=

Shining, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:4) and soluble in alcohol (1:75).

ACTION AND USES: Has no advantage over pilocarpine hydrochloride.

DOSAGE: By mouth, 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

=Pilocarpus (Pilocarp.), Pilocarpus, U.S.P.= (Jaborandi).--Leaves, yielding 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly pilocarpine).

ACTION AND USES: See Pilocarpine.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.

_Fluidextractum Pilocarpi (Fldext. Pilocarp.), Fluidextract of Pilocarpus, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Jaborandi).--Pilocarpus (100%), yielding about 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=PILULAE, PILLS.=--Pills are dosage forms of medicinal substances intended for administration by the mouth. For the official pills see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Pilulae ad Prandium see under =Aloe=; for Pilulae Antidyspepticae, under =Strychnina=; for Pilulae Antimonii Compositae, under =Antimonium Sulphuratum=; for Pilulae Antiperiodicae and Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe, under =Quininae Sulphas=; for Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles and Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum, under =Colocynthis=; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae, under =Ferri Sulphas=; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae Strychninae et Arseni Fortiores and Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Mites, under =Ferri Reductum=; for Pilulae Laxativae Compositae, under =Aloinum=.

=Pimenta (Piment.), Pimenta, N.F.= (Pimento, Allspice).--Nearly ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic; stomachic; has no advantage over cardamom.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Pimpinella (Pimpinell.), Pimpinella, N.F.= (Pimpernel Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as a diuretic, diaphoretic and stomachic. Now obsolete; no definite indications for its use.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

_Tinctura Pimpinellae (Tr. Pimpinel.), Tincture of Pimpinella, N.F._--Pimpinella (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Pinus Alba (Pinus Alb.), White Pine Bark, N.F.=--Inner bark.

ACTION AND USES: Used as "expectorant" in proprietary cough syrups. Of doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.

_Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus (Syr. Pin. Strob. Co.), Compound Syrup of White Pine, N.F._--White pine bark and wild cherry (each 8.5%), aralia (1%), balsam poplar buds (1%), sanguinaria (0.8%), sassafras (0.7%) and chloroform (0.6%) in glycerin, alcohol and syrup, colored with cudbear and flavored with oil of sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina._--See under =Morphinae Sulphas=.

=Piper (Piper), Pepper, U.S.P.= (Black Pepper).

ACTION AND USES: Sometimes used as carminative, generally in the form of the oleoresin, which is highly irritant.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Oleoresina Piperis (Oleores. Piper.), Oleoresin of Pepper, U.S.P._

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

=*Pix Liquida (Pix Liq.), Tar, U.S.P.= (Pine Tar).--Obtained by the destructive distillation of pine wood.

A semiliquid viscid blackish-brown substance, with an empyreumatic odor and taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Externally, as antiseptic and stimulant in chronic diseases of the skin associated with thickening and scaling. Internally, as irritant expectorant in subacute bronchitis.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) as syrup. Externally, in ointment, at first from 2 to 4 per cent., later in higher strength.

_Glyceritum Picis Liquidae (Glycer. Pic. Liq.), Glycerite of Tar, N.F._--Tar (6.3%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Liquor Picis Alkalinus (Liq. Pic. Alk.), Alkaline Solution of Tar, N.F._--Tar (25%), in potassium hydroxide (12.5%), and water.

_Syrupus Picis Liquidae (Syr. Pic. Liq.), Syrup of Tar, U.S.P._--Tar (0.5%) in alcohol, mixed with syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_*Unguentum Picis Liquidae (Ung. Pic. Liq.), Tar Ointment, U.S.P._--Tar (50%), yellow wax and lard.

_Vinum Picis (Vin. Pic.), Wine of Tar, N.F._--Tar (10%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Pix Lithanthracis (Pix Lith.), Coal Tar, N.F.= (Pix Carbonis).--Obtained by the destructive distillation of coal.

Nearly black semisolid, with a characteristic naphthalene-like odor and a sharp, burning taste. Only slightly soluble in water; partially dissolved by alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and irritant; used in skin diseases in the form of:

_Liquor Picis Carbonis (Liq. Pic. Carbon.), Coal Tar Solution, N.F._--Coal tar (20%), quillaja and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

=*Plumbi Acetas (Plumb. Acet.), Lead Acetate, U.S.P.= (Sugar of Lead).--Pb(CH{3}COO){2} + 3H{2}O.

Colorless, shining transparent crystals or heavy white crystalline masses, efflorescent, with a faint vinegar odor and a sweetish, astringent, afterward metallic taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:38).

ACTION AND USES: Seldom used internally for fear of lead poisoning. Externally, used as astringent lotion.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Lotio Plumbi et Opii (Lot. Plumb. et Opii), Lotion of Lead and Opium, N.F._ (Lead and Opium Wash).--A mixture of lead acetate (1.75%) and tincture of opium (3.5%) in water.

USES: A popular but irrational application, astringent and protective, but not a true anesthetic. The opium alkaloids are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through the unbroken skin.

=Plumbi Carbonas (Plumb. Carb.), Lead Carbonate, N.F.= (White Lead).--A mixture of lead carbonate and hydroxide.

Heavy, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in alcohol or water.

ACTION AND USES: External protective and astringent, without marked advantage over zinc oxide or the bismuth preparations, but involving some danger of lead poisoning.

=Plumbi Iodidum (Plumb. Iod.), Lead Iodide, N.F.=--PbI{2}.

Heavy, bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1,300), and in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Has been used externally in the form of an ointment for application to glandular enlargement and for chronic joint enlargement. Its use is irrational.

_Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi (Ung. Plumb. Iod.), Ointment of Lead Iodide, N.F._--Lead iodide (10%), and benzoinated lard.

=Plumbi Oxidum (Plumb. Oxid.), Lead Oxide, U.S.P.= (Litharge).--PbO.

Heavy yellowish or reddish-yellow, odorless and tasteless powder or minute scales. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used to make pharmaceutical preparations.

_Emplastrum Plumbi (Emp. Plumb.), Lead Plaster, U.S.P._ (Diachylon Plaster).--Lead oleate obtained by heating a mixture of lead oxide, olive oil and lard.

USES: Used in plaster masses and as a basis for diachylon ointment.

_Unguentum Diachylon (Ung. Diachyl.), Diachylon Ointment, U.S.P._--Lead plaster (50%), oil of lavender and white petrolatum.

=Plumbi Oxidum Rubrum (Plumb. Oxid. Rub.), Red Oxide of Lead, N.F.= (Red Lead).--Chiefly Pb{3}O{4}.

Heavy, odorless, tasteless red powder. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of =Plumbi Carbonas=.

=Plumbi Subacetas, Lead Subacetate.=

ACTION AND USES: Astringent; used externally in the form of the following preparations:

_Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis (Cerat. Plumb. Subacet.), Cerate of Lead Subacetate, N.F._ (Goulard's Cerate).--A mixture of solution of lead subacetate (20%), camphor (2%), wool fat, white wax, and white petrolatum.

_*Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis (Liq. Plumb. Subacet.), Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P._ (Goulard's Extract).--Contains lead subacetate corresponding to about 18 per cent. of lead, Pb.

_Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus (Liq. Plumb. Subacet. Dil.), Diluted Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P._ (Lead Water).--Solution of lead subacetate (4%) with water.

=*Podophyllum (Podoph.), Podophyllum, U.S.P.= (Mandrake, May Apple Rhizome).--Yields not less than 3 per cent. of resin.

ACTION AND USES: See the resin, below.

_Extractum Podophyllum (Ext. Podophyl.), Extract of Podophyllum, N.F._--A hydro-alcoholic extract.

DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Podophylli (Fldext. Podophyll.), Fluidextract of Podophyllum, U.S.P._--Podophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Resina Podophylli (Res. Podoph.), Resin of Podophyllum, U.S.P._ (Podophyllin).--The resin from podophyllum.

USES: Slow but effective and rather irritant cathartic.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

=Populi Gemmae (Pop. Gem.), Balsam Poplar Buds, N.F.= (Balm of Gilead Buds).