Part 13

=Oleum Menthae Viridis (Ol. Menth. Vir.), Oil of Spearmint, U.S.P.= (Spearmint Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative and flavoring agent.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Aqua Menthae Viridis (Aq. Menth. Vir.), Spearmint Water, U.S.P._--A solution of oil of spearmint in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Spiritus Menthae Viridis (Sp. Menth. Vir.), Spirit of Spearmint, U.S.P._--Oil of spearmint (10%), colored with spearmint, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.)

=*Oleum Morrhuae (Ol. Morrh.), Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P.= (Oleum Jecoris Aselli).--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Generally considered to be a food rather than a medicine. Its value depends probably entirely on its nutritive property. Preferably administered as such or in the form of recently prepared emulsions.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae (Emuls. Ol. Morrh.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P._--Cod liver oil (50%) with acacia, syrup, methyl salicylate and water. Other flavors may be substituted for the methyl salicylate.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Lactophosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Lactophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), calcium lactophosphate (5%), lactic acid, acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Phosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Phos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Phosphate, N.F._ (Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate of Lime).--Cod liver oil (50%), precipitated calcium phosphate (3.5%), syrup of Tolu, acacia and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Hypophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Hypophosphites, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), calcium hypophosphite (1%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 0.5%), acacia, syrup and water.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Malto (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Malt.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Malt, N.F._--Cod liver oil (30%), extract of malt (about 55%), tragacanth and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Pruno Virginiana (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Prun. Virg.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Wild Cherry, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), fluidextract of wild cherry (6.5%), acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Vitello (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Vitel.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Egg, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), glycerite of yolk of egg, syrup of Tolu and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Oleum Myrciae (Ol. Myrc.), Oil of Myrcia, N.F.= (Oil of Bay).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatizing agent used in bay-rum.

_Spiritus Myrciae Compositus (Sp. Myrciae Co.), Compound Spirit of Myrcia, N.F._--Oils of myrcia, orange, pimenta, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 58 per cent.

USES: Perfume and stimulant to the skin.

=Oleum Myristicae (Ol. Myrist.), Oil of Myristica, U.S.P.= (Myristica Oil, Oil of Nutmeg).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor and carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Olivae (Ol. Oliv.), Olive Oil, U.S.P.=--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Emollient, laxative and nutrient.

DOSAGE: 30 Cc. or 1 fluidounce (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Picis Liquidae Rectificatum (Ol. Pic. Liq. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Tar, U.S.P.= (Oleum Picis Liquidae, U.S.P. VIII, Rectified Tar Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Externally antiseptic, irritant and parasiticide; used in skin diseases.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Mistura Olei Picis (Mist. Ol. Pic.), Mixture of Oil of Tar, N.F._ (Mistura Picis Liquidae, Tar Mixture).--Rectified oil of tar (3.5%) and chloroform (1%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, sugar and oil of peppermint in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per cent.

USES: Complex, disagreeable expectorant.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Petroxolinum Picis (Petrox. Pic.), Tar Petroxolin, N.F._ (Tar Petrox).--Rectified oil of tar (25%) in liquid petroxolin.

_Unguentum Picis Compositum (Ung. Pic. Co.), Compound Tar Ointment, N.F._--Rectified oil of tar (4%), zinc oxide (3%), and tincture of benzoin in yellow wax, lard and cottonseed oil.

=Oleum Pimentae (Ol. Piment.), Oil of Pimenta, U.S.P.= (Pimento Oil, Oil of Allspice).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent and carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Pini Pumilionis (Ol. Pin. Pumil.), Oil of Dwarf Pine Needles, U.S.P.= (Dwarf Pine Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: More aromatic than oil of turpentine, and used as an inhalation in catarrh of the respiratory passages.

=*Oleum Ricini (Ol. Ricin.), Castor Oil, U.S.P.=--A fixed oil.

Soluble in equal parts of alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Effective and prompt cathartic, but likely to be followed by constipation and therefore not indicated in chronic constipation. Useful as an initial purge in acute diarrheas.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Ricini (Emul. Ol. Ricin.), Emulsion of Castor Oil, N.F._--Castor oil (35%), with acacia, flavored with tincture of vanilla, in syrup and water.

USES: Renders castor oil somewhat less disagreeable.

DOSAGE: 45 Cc. or 1-1/2 fluidounces (N.F.).

_Oleum Ricini Aromaticum (Ol. Ricin. Arom.), Aromatic Castor Oil, N.F._--Castor oil flavored with benzosulphinide, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove, vanillin and coumarin.

USES: A partly successful attempt to render castor oil less disagreeable.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Oleum Rosmarini (Ol. Rosmar.), Oil of Rosemary, U.S.P.= (Rosemary Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor and carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Santali (Ol. Santal.), Oil of Santal, U.S.P.= (Santalwood Oil, Oil of Sandalwood).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Urinary disinfectant and stimulant. Used in subacute stages of cystitis and gonorrhea.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), preferably in capsules.

=Oleum Sassafras (Ol. Sassaf.), Oil of Sassafras, U.S.P.= (Sassafras Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Flavor; used externally as rubefacient counterirritant.

=Oleum Sesami (Ol. Sesam.), Sesame Oil, U.S.P.= (Teel Oil, Benne Oil).--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Emollient, used as substitute for olive oil.

=*Oleum Sinapis Volatile (Ol. Sinap. Vol.), Volatile Oil of Mustard, U.S.P.= (Mustard Oil).--Produced synthetically or from black mustard seed.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Powerful irritant and rapid vesicant; employed as counterirritant dissolved in alcohol or fixed oils.

_Linimentum Sinapis Compositum (Lin. Sinap. Co.), Compound Liniment of Mustard, N.F._--Volatile oil of mustard (3%), fluidextract of mezereum (20%) and camphor (6%) in castor oil and alcohol.

USES: Complex and antiquated counterirritant.

_Spiritus Sinapis (Sp. Sinap.), Spirit of Mustard, N.F._--Volatile oil of mustard (2%) in alcohol.

USES: Rubefacient.

=*Oleum Terebinthinae (Ol. Tereb.), Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P.= (Turpentine Oil, "Spirits of Turpentine").--A volatile oil obtained from the oleoresin of pine wood (turpentine).

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Applied externally, rubefacient and counterirritant. For internal use, see Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum, below.

_Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum (Ol. Tereb. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P._ (Rectified Turpentine Oil).--Redistilled oil of turpentine.

USES: Antiseptic, anthelmintic, diuretic and carminative. Used to relieve tympanites.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae (Emuls. Ol. Tereb.), Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P._--Rectified oil of turpentine (15%) with expressed oil of almond, syrup, acacia and water.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 1/2 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Linimentum Terebinthinae (Lin. Terebinth.), Turpentine Liniment, U.S.P._ (Kentish's Ointment).--Rosin cerate (65%) in oil of turpentine.

_Linimentum Terebinthinae Aceticum (Lin. Terebinth. Acet.), Acetic Turpentine Liniment, N.F._ (Linimentum Album, Stokes' Liniment, St. John Long's Liniment).--Oil of turpentine (40%) and acetic acid (8%) with oil of lemon, fresh egg and rose water.

=*Oleum Theobromatis (Ol. Theobrom.), Oil of Theobroma, U.S.P.= (Butter of Cacao, Cacao Butter).--A solid fixed oil.

Melts at body temperature.

ACTION AND USES: Used principally in suppositories, etc.; sometimes in emollient ointments and as a lubricant in massage.

=Oleum Thymi (Ol. Thymi), Oil of Thyme, U.S.P.= (Thyme Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Rubefacient and counterirritant; usually applied as a liniment, diluted with a fixed oil or the well-known soap liniment. Internally, carminative but now seldom used.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Tiglii (Ol. Tiglii), Croton Oil, U.S.P.=--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Very powerful cathartic and gastric and intestinal irritant, frequently causing violent vomiting and purging, sometimes followed by collapse. Externally, rubefacient and vesicant.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.). Preferably administered in drop doses on sugar or in a pill with bread or other absorbent.

_Collodium Tiglii (Collod. Tiglii), Croton Oil Collodion, N.F._--Croton oil (10%) and flexible collodion.

USES: There is no advantage in applying croton oil with collodion.

_Linimentum Tiglii (Lin. Tiglii), Liniment of Croton Oil, N.F._ (Linimentum Crotonis).--Croton oil (13%), oil of cajuput, and alcohol.

_Linimentum Tiglii Compositum (Lin. Tiglii Co.), Compound Croton Oil Liniment, N.F._--Croton oil, oil of sassafras and oil of turpentine (each 20%) and olive oil.

=*Opium (Opium), Opium, U.S.P.=--The dried juice of the opium poppy. Yields not less than 9.5 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

ACTION AND USES: Like those of morphine, but opium is absorbed more slowly, and is generally preferred in the treatment of the gastro-intestinal tract, especially for the purpose of checking diarrhea. It is ineffective for external or local application, because the opium alkaloids are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through the unbroken skin.

The routine use of complicated mixtures containing opiates deserves condemnation, since opium should not be prescribed unless it is adapted to the conditions of the individual patient.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Acetum Opii (Acet. Opii), Vinegar of Opium, N.F._--Opium (10%) in diluted acetic acid, flavored with nutmeg and sugar.

USES: An obsolete and superfluous preparation.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Extractum Opii (Ext. Opii), Extract of Opium, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Opium, Opii Extractum, P.I.).--One Gm. extract represents about 2 Gm. opium. Yields about 20 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

_Linimentum Opii Compositum (Lin. Opii Co.), Compound Liniment of Opium, N.F._ (Canada Liniment).--Tincture of opium (10%), camphor (1.75%), oil of peppermint (2.5%) in alcohol, fresh egg albumen, ammonia water and oil of turpentine. Absolute alcohol content about 28 per cent.

USES: Irrational opium preparation.

_Mistura Camphorae Acida (Mist. Camph. Acid.), Acid Camphor Mixture, N.F._ (Mistura Antidysenterica, Hope's Mixture).--Tincture of opium (1.2%) and nitric acid (1.75%) in camphor water.

USES: Against diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Mistura Carminativa (Mist. Carminat.), Carminative Mixture, N.F._ (Dalby's Carminative).--Tincture of opium (2.5%), magnesium carbonate (6.5%), potassium carbonate (0.3%), with oils of caraway, fennel and peppermint in syrup and water.

USES: Against colic.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita (Mist. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Mixture of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._ (Brown Mixture).--Camphorated tincture of opium (12%), antimony and potassium tartrate (0.024%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, syrup, acacia and spirit of nitrous ether in water. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

USES: A misnamed but popular expectorant, efficient mainly through its opium and antimony.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Mistura Opii et Chloroformi Composita (Mist. Opii et Chlorof. Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Chloroform, N.F._ (Squibb's Diarrhea Mixture).--Tincture of opium (20%), spirit of camphor (20%), tincture of capsicum (10%), chloroform (8%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

USES: Against diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Opii et Rhei Composita (Mist. Opii et Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Rhubarb, N.F._ (Sun Cholera Mixture).--Tincture of opium (20%), tincture of rhubarb (10%), tincture of capsicum (10%), spirit of camphor (20%), spirit of peppermint and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 78 per cent.

USES: Against diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Opii et Sassafras (Mist. Opii et Sassaf.), Mixture of Opium and Sassafras, N.F._ (Mistura Sassafras et Opii, N.F. III, Mistura Opii Alkalina, Godfrey's Cordial).--Tincture of opium (3.5%) and oil of sassafras (0.1%) with alcohol and potassium carbonate in syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6.5 per cent.

USES: Sedative.

DOSAGE: Infants, 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

_*Opii Pulvis (Opii Pulv.), Powdered Opium, U.S.P._ (Opii Pulvis, P.I.).--Contains about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Opium Deodoratum (Opium Deod.), Deodorized Opium, U.S.P._--Opium extracted with benzin. Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Opium Granulatum (Opium Gran.), Granulated Opium, U.S.P._--Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Pilulae Opii, Digitalis et Quininae (Pil. Opii Digit. et Quin.), Pills of Opium, Digitalis and Quinine, N.F._ (Niemeyer Pills for Phthisis).--Each pill contains powdered opium (0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain), digitalis and quinine sulphate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Opii et Camphorae (Pil. Opii et Camph.), Pills of Opium and Camphor, N.F._--Each pill contains powdered opium (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and camphor (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with clarified honey.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Opii et Plumbi (Pil. Opii et Plumb.), Pills of Opium and Lead, N.F._--Each pill contains powdered opium and lead acetate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

USES: Constipative. The internal use of lead is rarely advisable.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pulvis Cretae et Opii Aromaticus (Pulv. Cret. et Opii Arom.), Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium, N.F._--Powdered opium (2.5%) and aromatic powder of chalk.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_*Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Pulv. Ipecac. et Opii), Powder of Ipecac and Opium, U.S.P._ (Compound Powder of Ipecac, Dover's Powder, Opii et Ipecacuanhae Pulvis Compositus, P.I.).--Powdered opium and ipecac (each 10%) with sugar of milk.

USES: Especially as diaphoretic in incipient colds.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Syr. Ipecac. et Opii), Syrup of Ipecac and Opium, N.F._ (Syrup of Dover's Powder).--Tincture of ipecac and opium (8.5%) flavored with spirit of cinnamon and cinnamon water in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Tr. Ipecac. et Opii), Tincture of Ipecac and Opium, N.F._ (Tincture of Dover's Powder).--Tincture of deodorized opium (100%) and fluidextract of ipecac (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Opii (Tr. Opii), Tincture of Opium, U.S.P._ (Laudanum, Opii Tinctura, P.I.).--Granulated opium (10%) yielding about 1 per cent. of anhydrous morphine in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims.

_*Tinctura Opii Camphorata (Tr. Opii Camph.), Camphorated Tincture of Opium, U.S.P._ (Paregoric, Opii Tinctura Benzoici P.I.).--Powdered opium and camphor (each 0.4%), benzoic acid, oil of anise and glycerin in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Opii Crocata (Tr. Opii Crocat.), Tincture of Opium with Saffron, N.F._ (Sydenham's Laudanum, Tinctura Opii Crocata, P.I.).--Granulated opium (10%) with saffron, Saigon cinnamon and clove in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Opii Deodorati (Tr. Opii Deod.), Tincture of Deodorized Opium, U.S.P._--Opium (10%, a purified or deodorized aqueous extract yielding about 1% anhydrous morphine), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Pectoralis (Tr. Pectoral.), Pectoral Tincture, N.F._ (Guttae Pectorales, Pectoral Drops, Bateman's Pectoral Drops).--Opium (0.4%), gambir (about 0.3%), camphor (0.4%), with oil of anise and caramel in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

=Ovi Albumen Recens (Ovi Album.), Fresh Egg Albumen, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy.

=Ovi Vitellum Recens (Ovi Vitel.), Fresh Egg Yolk, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Emulsifying agent.

_Glyceritum Vitelli (Glycer. Vitell.), Glycerite of Egg Yolk, N.F._ (Glyconin).--Fresh yolk of egg and glycerin.

=Ovum Gallinaceum (Ovum Gallin.), Fresh Egg, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmaceutical preparations.

=*Oxygenium (Oxygen.), Oxygen, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Inhaled for relief of asphyxia, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.

=*Pancreatinum (Pancreat.), Pancreatin, U.S.P.=--Contains enzymes from the pancreas of the hog or beef, principally amylopsin, trypsin and steapsin. Converts not less than 25 per cent. of its own weight of starch into sugars.

A cream-colored powder with a faint odor.

ACTION AND USES: Chiefly for the predigestion of protein and starchy foods. Incompatible with acids and is therefore destroyed by the action of normal gastric juice. Occasionally used to assist gastric digestion in achlorhydria but the administration of dilute hydrochloric acid seems preferable. When the pancreatic juice is absent pancreatin may be given in salol-coated pills.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Pancreatini (Liq. Pancreat.), Solution of Pancreatin, N.F._ (Liquor Pancreaticus, N.F. III, Pancreatic Solution).--Pancreatin (1.75%), sodium bicarbonate (5%), with compound spirit of cardamom, sodium chloride and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Pulvis Pancreatini Compositus (Pulv. Pancreat. Co.), Compound Pancreatin Powder, N.F._ (Pulvis Pancreaticus Compositus, N.F. III, Peptonizing Powder).--Pancreatin (20%) and sodium bicarbonate.

USES: Predigestion of milk.

=Papaveris Fructus (Papav. Fruct.), Poppy Capsules, N.F.=--Fully grown unripe poppy heads.

ACTION AND USES: Weak and unreliable opiate.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Papaveris (Syr. Papaver.), Syrup of Poppy, N.F._--Poppy capsules (10%) in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Paracoto (Paracot.), Paracoto, N.F.=--Bark of an unidentified tree.

ACTION AND USES: At one time used in diarrhea. The identity of the drug is uncertain and there is no scientific evidence for its value; hence it is now little used.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Paracoto (Fldext. Paracot.), Fluidextract of Paracoto, N.F._ (Fluidextractum Coto, N.F. III).--Paracoto (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Paracoto (Tr. Paracoto), Tincture of Paracoto, N.F._ (Tinctura Coto, N.F. III).--Paracoto (12.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

USES: Antidiarrheic, of doubtful efficacy.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Paraffinum (Paraff.), Paraffin, U.S.P.=--A purified mixture of solid hydrocarbons, usually obtained from petroleum.

A white, waxy, odorless and tasteless solid, greasy to the touch, melting between 50 and 57 C.

ACTION AND USES: Used in surgery for prosthetic purposes and in pharmacy for raising the melting point of ointments and similar products.

=Paraformaldehydum (Paraform.), Paraformaldehyde, U.S.P.= (Paraform, Trioxymethylene).--A polymeric form of formaldehyde.

White friable masses or powder with a slight odor of formaldehyde. Soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Employed in place of formaldehyde to disinfect rooms by vaporization in presence of moisture (to insure formation of formaldehyde). As it is active only if decomposed there may be some doubt as to its efficiency. Internally, it has been used as intestinal antiseptic, but is probably useless and may be harmful.

=*Paraldehydum (Paraldehyd.), Paraldehyde, U.S.P.=--A polymer of acetaldehyde.

A colorless liquid, having a strong, characteristic odor and an extremely unpleasant taste, and producing first a burning and then a cooling sensation in the mouth. Soluble in water (1:8), and miscible with alcohol or chloroform.

ACTION AND USES: Prompt and fairly active hypnotic and sedative devoid of serious side-effects.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.). Best administered with cracked ice or ice-cold liquids.

=Pareira (Pareira), Pareira, N.F.= (Pareira Brava).--Roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete bitter tonic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Pareirae (Fldext. Pareir.), Fluidextract of Pareira, N.F._--Pareira (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Passiflora (Passiflor.), Passion Flower, N.F.= (Passion Vine).--Dried herbage.

ACTION AND USES: Exploited by manufacturers of proprietary remedies for the treatment of insomnia, but probably inert.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Passiflorae (Tr. Passiflor.), Tincture of Passion Flower, N.F._--Passion flower (20%), in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

=PASTAE DERMATOLOGICAE, DERMATOLOGIC PASTES.=--Dermatologic pastes are medicaments for external use. They are ointment-like mixtures containing starch or dextrin with glycerin, soft soap, petrolatum or lard mixed with some active medicinal agent. For the official dermatologic pastes see under the names of the principal constituents.

=*Pelletierinae Tannas (Pellet. Tann.), Pelletierine Tannate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of alkaloids from pomegranate.

A light yellow, odorless powder with an astringent taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:240) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).

ACTION AND USES: Anthelmintic and teniafuge.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.). May be administered suspended in water. Should be given on an empty stomach followed after one or two hours by brisk purging. Not more than 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains should be given.

=Pepo (Pepo), Pepo, U.S.P.= (Pumpkin Seed).

ACTION AND USES: Domestic anthelmintic; probably inefficient.