Part 11

_Syrupus Iodotannicus (Syr. Iodotan.), Syrup of Iodotannin, N.F._--Made by combining iodine (0.27%) with tannic acid (0.54%) in syrup. Contains iodine probably in the form of an iodide.

USES: Similar to those of potassium iodide; without advantage over the latter.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Iodi (Tr. Iodi), Tincture of Iodine, U.S.P._--An alcoholic solution of iodine (about 7%) and potassium iodide (about 5%). Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Iodi Decolorata (Tr. Iod. Decolor.), Decolorized Tincture of Iodine, N.F._--A solution of sodium iodide and ammonium iodide obtained by mixing iodine and sodium thiosulphate (each 8.3%), stronger ammonia water (6.5%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent. Does not contain free iodine.

USES: For external use; of doubtful utility.

_Tinctura Iodi Fortior (Tr. Iod. Fort.), Stronger Tincture of Iodine, N.F._ (Churchill's Tincture of Iodine).--Iodine (16.5%) and potassium iodide (3.3%) in water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

_Unguentum Iodi (Ung. Iodi), Iodine Ointment, U.S.P._--Iodine (4%) and potassium iodide (4%) in glycerin and benzoinated lard. Should be made as required.

=*Ipecacuanha (Ipecac.), Ipecac, U.S.P.= (Ipecacuanhae Radix, P.I.).--A root, yielding not less than 1.75 per cent. of alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Used as irritant, nauseant, expectorant and emetic. Also specific against amebic dysentery, but in this use has been practically displaced by emetine.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Expectorant, 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

_*Fluidextractum Ipecacuanhae (Fldext. Ipecac.), Fluidextract of Ipecac, U.S.P._--Ipecac (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii._--See under =Opium.=

_*Syrupus Ipecacuanhae (Syr. Ipecac.), Syrup of Ipecac, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of ipecac (7%) and acetic acid (1%) in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: Expectorant, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.); emetic, 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii and Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii._--See under =Opium.=

_Vinum Ipecacuanhae (Vin. Ipecac.), Wine of Ipecac, N.F._--Fluidextract of ipecac (10%, yielding about 0.2% ipecac alkaloids) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 27 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

=Iris (Iris), Orris, N.F.= (Orris Root).--Rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: At one time thought to be a mild digestive stimulant, slightly cathartic and diuretic. Now employed as dusting powder, tooth powder and perfume.

=Iris Versicolor (Iris Vers.), Blue Flag, N.F.=--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic; without advantage over resin of podophyllum.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Iridis Versicoloris (Fldext. Iri. Ver.), Fluidextract of Blue Flag, N.F._--Blue flag (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Jalapa (Jalap.), Jalap, U.S.P.=--A root, yielding not less than 7 per cent. of resins.

ACTION AND USES: Drastic hydragogue cathartic, used especially in dropsies. Preferred to other resinous cathartics, as being rather less irritant.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Jalapae (Ext. Jalap.), Extract of Jalap, N.F._--An alcoholic extract.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Jalapae (Fldext. Jalap.), Fluidextract of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_*Pulvis Jalapae Compositus (Pulv. Jalap. Co.), Compound Powder of Jalap, U.S.P._ (Pulvis Purgans).--Jalap (35%) and potassium bitartrate (65%).

USES: Useful hydragogue cathartic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Resina Jalapae (Res. Jalap.), Resin of Jalap, U.S.P._--The resin from jalap.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Jalapae (Tr. Jalap.), Tincture of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (20%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Tinctura Jalapae Composita (Tr. Jalap. Co.), Compound Tincture of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (12.5%) and resin of scammony (3%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Juglans (Juglan.), Juglans, N.F.= (Butternut Bark, White Walnut Bark).--Inner bark of the roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic, without advantage over cascara.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Juglandis (Fldext. Jugland.), Fluidextract of Juglans, N.F._--Juglans (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Juniperus (Junip.), Juniper Berries, N.F.=--Ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Irritant to urinary organs, owing to the chief constituent, a volatile oil. The spirit is sometimes used as an irritant diuretic.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Juniperi (Fldext. Junip.), Fluidextract of Juniper Berries, N.F._--Juniper (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Kaolinum (Kaolinum), Kaolin, N.F.=--Purified native aluminum silicate.

White or nearly white powder or lumps with an earthy taste. Insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Used in a poultice, cataplasma kaolini, similar to proprietary preparations. Internally, as absorbent in diarrhea and dysentery.

DOSAGE: Tablespoonful dry or in tea several times daily.

_Cataplasma Kaolini (Catapl. Kaolin.), Cataplasm of Kaolin, N.F._--A mixture of kaolin and glycerin with boric acid aromatized with thymol, methyl salicylate and oil of peppermint.

USES: Not superior to flaxseed or bread-and-milk poultices.

=Kava (Kava), Kava, N.F.= (Methysticum, Kava Kava).--Rhizome and roots of _Piper methysticum_.

ACTION AND USES: Mild irritant, without advantage over cubeb. Often inert. Owes its properties to an oleoresin.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Kavae (Fldext. Kav.), Fluidextract of Kava, N.F._--Kava (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Kino (Kino), Kino, U.S.P.=--A dried plant juice.

Dark brown fragments or brick-red powder, odorless and having an astringent taste. Partly soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Used as intestinal and pharyngeal astringent; has no special advantage over other vegetable astringents, such as krameria.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Kino et Opii Compositus (Pulv. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Powder of Kino and Opium, N.F._ (Pulvis Kino Compositus, N.F. III).--Kino (75%), and powdered opium (5%) with Saigon cinnamon.

USES: Antidiarrheic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Kino (Tr. Kino), Tincture of Kino, U.S.P._--Kino (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 49 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Kino et Opii Composita (Tr. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Tincture of Kino and Opium, N.F._ (Tinctura Kino Composita, N.F. III, Compound Tincture of Kino).--Kino (2%), opium (1%), spirit of camphor (6.5%), oil of clove, cochineal and aromatic spirit of ammonia in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

USES: Antidiarrheic; undesirably complex.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Kola (Kola), Kola, N.F.= (Cola, Kola Nuts, Cola Nuts).--The peeled seeds.

ACTION AND USES: Possesses stimulant actions of its caffein and theobromin. Without advantage over coffee.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Kolae (Fldext. Kol.), Fluidextract of Kola, N.F._ (Fluidextractum Sterculiae, N.F. III).--Kola (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Krameria (Kramer.), Krameria, N.F.= (Rhatany).--Root.

ACTION AND USES: Powerful astringent; like other tannin-containing drugs, is rapidly passing out of use.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Extractum Krameriae (Ext. Kramer.), Extract of Krameria, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Krameria).--An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 4 Gm. krameria.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Krameriae (Fldext. Kramer.), Fluidextract of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Fluidglyceratum Krameriae (Fldglycer. Kramer.), Fluidglycerate of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (100%) in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Krameriae (Syr. Kramer.), Syrup of Krameria, N.F._--Fluidextract of krameria (45%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Tinctura Krameriae (Tr. Kramer.), Tincture of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Lac Vaccinum (Lac Vaccinum), Cow's Milk, N.F.=

_Lac Fermentatum (Lac Ferment.), Fermented Milk, N.F._ (Kumyss).--A fermentation product obtained by the action of yeast on cow's milk to which sugar (sucrose) has been added. The following is an unofficial formula:

Take a quart of skim milk, one-fifth of a cake of yeast and two tablespoonfuls of sugar. Heat the milk. Dissolve the yeast in a little water and mix it with the sugar and lukewarm milk. Pour the mixture into strong bottles, stopper them tightly with new corks, and tie down the corks with strong twine. Shake the bottles well and place in a refrigerator to ferment slowly. After three days lay the bottles on their sides, turning them occasionally. Five days are required to complete the fermentation.

DOSAGE: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).

=Lactucarium (Lactucar.), Lactucarium, U.S.P.=--The dried juice of a species of wild lettuce.

ACTION AND USES: Inefficient and obsolete hypnotic and respiratory sedative. The proprietary preparation to which its popularity was due was found to contain morphine. Lactucarium is now seldom used.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Not given as such.

_Syrupus Lactucarii (Syr. Lactucar.), Syrup of Lactucarium, U.S.P._--Tincture of lactucarium (10%) and citric acid, flavored with orange flower water, in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.). Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

_Tinctura Lactucarii (Tr. Lactucar.), Tincture of Lactucarium, U.S.P._--Lactucarium (50%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Lappa (Lappa), Lappa, N.F.= (Burdock Root).

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete "alterative," used in nostrums.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Lappae (Fldext. Lapp.), Fluidextract of Lappa, N.F._--Lappa (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Leptandra (Leptand.), Leptandra, N.F.= (Culver's Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Unreliable cathartic; without advantage over resin of podophyllum.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Extractum Leptandrae (Ext. Leptand.), Extract of Leptandra, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Leptandra).--A hydroalcoholic extract, diluted with starch. One Gm. represents 4 Gm. leptandra.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Leptandrae (Fldext. Leptand.), Fluidextract of Leptandra, N.F._--Leptandra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Limonis Cortex (Limon. Cort.), Lemon Peel, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Used for the preparation of lemon flavors.

_Tinctura Limonis Corticis (Tr. Limon. Cort.), Tincture of Lemon Peel, U.S.P._--Fresh lemon peel (50%) treated with alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

=LINIMENTA, LINIMENTS.=--Liquid preparations intended for external application. For the various official liniments, see under the names of the respective chief ingredients.

=*Linum (Linum), Linseed, U.S.P.= (Flaxseed).--Used in demulcent infusions, also when crushed or ground in poultices. If employed where the skin is broken the entire poultice should be sterilized by boiling before it is applied, in order to avoid infection.

=LIQUORES, SOLUTIONS.=--Aqueous liquid preparations in which one or more substances are completely dissolved.

For the various official solutions, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Liquor Acidi Arsenosi, see under =Arseni Trioxidum=; for Liquor Antisepticus, under =Acidum Boricum=; for Liquor Antisepticus Alkalinus, under =Potassii Bicarbonas=; for Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi, under =Arseni Iodidum=; for Liquor Arsenicalis Clemens, under =Potassii Arsenas=; for Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae, under =Calcii Sulphidum Crudum=; for Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetas, under =Ammonii Acetas=; for Liquor Zinci et Alumini Compositus and Liquor Zinci et Ferri Compositus, under =Zinci Sulphas=.

=Lithii Bromidum (Lith. Brom.), Lithium Bromide, U.S.P.=--LiBr (not less than 85%).

White, granular, odorless, very deliquescent salt with a sharp, slightly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and soluble in alcohol and in ether.

ACTION AND USES: Used like other bromides, over which it has no advantage. For the supposed urate-solvent properties of lithium, see =Lithii Carbonas=.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Lithii Bromidi (Elix. Lith. Brom.), Elixir of Lithium Bromide, N.F._--Lithium bromide (8.5%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Lithii Carbonas (Lith. Carb.), Lithium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--Li{2}CO{3}.

Light white, odorless powder with an alkaline taste. Soluble in water (1:78); almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used in the same way as sodium carbonate; without advantage over the latter. Lithium was formerly given to promote the elimination of urates because it was supposed to have special urate-solvent properties, but under the conditions existing in the body these properties do not come into play.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=Lithii Citras (Lith. Cit.), Lithium Citrate, U.S.P.=

White, odorless powder or granules, with a cooling, faintly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.4), very slightly soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used like citrates of sodium or potassium, over which it has no advantage. For the supposed urate-solvent properties of lithium, see Lithii Carbonas.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Lithii Citratis (Elix. Lith. Cit.), Elixir of Lithium Citrate, N.F._--Lithium citrate (8.5%), in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: An objectionable alcoholic preparation of lithium.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Sal Lithii Citratis Effervescens (Sal. Lith. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Salt of Lithium Citrate, N.F._--Lithium citrate (5%), sodium bicarbonate (57%), tartaric acid (30%) and citric acid, the three last-named yielding sodium tartrate and sodium citrate.

USES: Superfluous, and in view of its small lithium content, misnamed.

DOSAGE: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (N.F.).

=Lithii Salicylas (Lith. Salicyl.), Lithium Salicylate, N.F.=--

White or grayish white odorless powder, with a sweetish taste; deliquescent in a moist atmosphere. Very soluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: As a salicylate, inferior to sodium salicylate. Adequate doses would produce the toxic effects of lithium. For the supposed urate-solvent effects of lithium salts, see =Lithii Carbonas=.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Elixir Lithii Salicylatis (Elix. Lith. Salicyl.), Elixir of Lithium Salicylate, N.F._--Lithium salicylate (8.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: An objectionable alcoholic salicylic preparation.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Lobelia (Lobel.), Lobelia, U.S.P.= (Indian Tobacco).--Leaves and flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Expectorant, nauseant and emetic, resembling nicotine. Has fallen into disuse because of dangerous effects.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Lobeliae (Fldext. Lobel.), Fluidextract of Lobelia, U.S.P._--Lobelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Cc. or 2-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Lobeliae (Tr. Lobel.), Tincture of Lobelia, U.S.P._ (Lobeliae Tinctura, P.I.).--Lobelia (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=LOTIONES, LOTIONS= (Washes).--Liquid mixtures, usually of solid medicinal substances suspended in water for external use.

For the various official lotions see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata, see under =Ammonia=; for Lotio Flava, under =Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum=; for Lotio Nigra, under =Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite=; for Lotio Plumbi et Opii, under =Plumbi Acetas=.

=Lupulinum (Lupul.), Lupulin, N.F.=--Glandular powder separated from hops.

ACTION AND USES: Bitter tonic without material advantage over gentian. Reputed hypnotic and anaphrodisiac effects probably attributable to the alcohol in which it is commonly dissolved.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Lupulini (Fldext. Lupul.), Fluidextract of Lupulin, N.F._--Lupulin (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_Oleoresina Lupulini (Oleores. Lupul.), Oleoresin of Lupulin, N.F._--The ether extract of lupulin.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Lycopodium (Lycopod.), Lycopodium, U.S.P.=--The spores of a moss.

Very inflammable.

ACTION AND USES: Used as an inert dusting powder for the skin, and as diluent for insufflations of boric acid, tannin, etc., for the throat, nose and ear.

=Macis (Macis), Mace, N.F.=--The arillode (inner covering) removed from nutmeg (myristica).

Yellowish or brownish, fragrant, branched and lobed bands, or orange-buff or orange-brown powder, with a warm, aromatic taste.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor and carminative without advantage over cardamom.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

=MAGMATA, MAGMAS.=--Suspensions of insoluble or nearly insoluble substances.

=*Magnesii Carbonas (Mag. Carb.), Magnesium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Light, white, friable masses or bulky white powder, odorless and with a slight earthy taste. Practically insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used internally against gastric hyperacidity and as a mild laxative; externally as dusting powder. See also Magma Magnesiae, under =Magnesii Hydroxidum=.

DOSAGE: 3 Gm. or 45 grains (U.S.P.).

_Mistura Magnesiae, Asafoetidae et Opii (Mist. Mag. Asafoet. et Opii), Mixture of Magnesia, Asafetida and Opium, N.F._ (Mistura Magnesiae et Asafoetidae, N.F. III, Dewees' Carminative).--Magnesium carbonate (5%), tincture of asafetida (7.5%), tincture of opium (1%), and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

USES: Complex and irrational mixture intended for use in diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Magnesii Chloridum (Magnes. Chlorid.), Magnesium Chloride, N.F.=--MgCl{2} + 6H{2}O.

Colorless transparent crystals or white translucent pieces; deliquescent in moist air. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage over magnesium sulphate.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

=*Magnesii Citras, Magnesium Citrate.=

_*Liquor Magnesii Citratis (Liq. Mag. Cit.), Solution of Magnesium Citrate, U.S.P._--Magnesium citrate corresponding to not less than 1.5 per cent. of magnesium oxide.

USES: Efficient and not distasteful mild saline laxative.

DOSAGE: 350 Cc. or 12 fluidounces (1 bottle) (U.S.P.).

=Magnesii Hydroxidum, Magnesium Hydroxide.=

_Magma Magnesiae (Magma Mag.), Magnesia Magma, U.S.P._ (Milk of Magnesia).--A suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water [equivalent to about 7% Mg(OH){2}] forming a thick, white liquid.

USES: Widely used as mild alkaline laxative and tooth wash.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=*Magnesii Oxidum (Mag. Oxid.), Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P.= (Magnesia, Calcined Magnesia, Light Magnesia).--MgO (not less than 96%).

A white, bulky, odorless powder with an earthy but not saline taste. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Useful antacid and laxative.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

=Magnesii Oxidum Ponderosum (Mag. Oxid. Pond.), Heavy Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P.= (Heavy Magnesia).--MgO (96%).

White, dense powder.

ACTION AND USES: Used like magnesium oxide.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Magnesii Sulphas (Mag. Sulph.), Magnesium Sulphate, U.S.P.= (Epsom Salt).--MgSO{4} + 7H{2}O.

Small, colorless, odorless crystals, with a cooling, saline, bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1); almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: One of the most active of the saline cathartics.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.), in solution. A solution containing 1 Gm. of salt in each Cc. may be given, 5 Cc. every hour until a laxative effect is secured. This should usually be diluted with water.

_Liquor Magnesii Sulphatis Effervescens (Liq. Mag. Sulph. Eff.), Effervescent Solution of Magnesium Sulphate, N.F._--Magnesium sulphate (about 7%) with syrup of citric acid, potassium citrate and water.

DOSAGE: The contents of a bottle, about 350 Cc. or nearly 12 fluidounces (N.F.).

=Maltum (Maltum), Malt, U.S.P.=--Malted barley, capable of converting not less than 5 times its weight of starch into sugars.

Yellowish grains with a characteristic odor and a sweet taste.

ACTION AND USES: Used to digest starch by its diastase.

_Extractum Malti (Ext. Malt.), Extract of Malt, U.S.P._--Syrupy liquid.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

=Malvae Folia (Malv. Fol.), Mallow Leaves, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent "herb tea," without definite indications for its use.

=Mangani Citras Solubilis (Mangan. Cit. Sol.), Soluble Manganese Citrate, N.F.= (Manganese and Sodium Citrate).

Yellowish or pinkish white powder or translucent scales, odorless and having a slightly bitter, astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:4) and nearly insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Manganese salts have been tried as hematinic tonics, but are of very doubtful value. The choice among the various salts is a matter of convenience. The soluble citrate is typical of the soluble manganese salts, the dioxide of the insoluble.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Mangani Dioxidum Praecipitatum (Mangan. Diox. Praec.), Precipitated Manganese Dioxide, U.S.P.=--Chiefly MnO{2}.

Heavy, odorless, tasteless black powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: See =Mangani Citras Solubilis=.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

=Mangani Glycerophosphas Solubilis (Mangan. Glycerophos. Sol.), Soluble Manganese Glycerophosphate, N.F.= (Soluble Manganous Glycerinophosphate).--A mixture of manganese glycerophosphate and citric acid.

Yellowish or pinkish white, odorless powder, with an acid taste. Freely soluble in water (1:4); alcohol dissolves the citric acid and leaves a residue which is nearly insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: As a manganese compound it has no material advantage over other manganese salts. For a discussion of glycerophosphates, see =Sodii Glycerophosphas=.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Mangani Hypophosphis (Mangan. Hypophos.), Manganese Hypophosphite, N.F.=--Mn(H{2}PO{2}){2} + H{2}O.

Pink, odorless, nearly tasteless powder. Freely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: As a manganese compound, has no material advantage over other manganese salts. For a discussion of hypophosphites, see =Calcii Hypophosphis=.