CHAPTER VI.

‘NICKNAMES.’

If we may trust the accredited origin of the term nickname—viz., that it is prosthetically put for ‘an ekename,’ that is, an added name—it may seem somewhat inconsistent to entitle a special branch of my book by that which in reality embraces the whole. But I do not think I shall be misunderstood, since, whatever be the original meaning intended, the word has now so thoroughly settled down into its present sphere of verbal usefulness that it would be a matter of still more lengthened explanation if I were to put it in its more pretentious and literal sense. By ‘nickname,’ in this chapter, at any rate, I intend to take in all those fortuitous and accidental sobriquets which, once expressive of peculiar and individual characteristics, have survived the age in which they sprang, and now preserved only in the lumber-room of our directories, may be brought forth once more wherever they help to throw a brighter light upon the decayed memorials of a bygone era. It will be seen at a glance that it is no easy task that of assorting a large body of nondescript and unclassed terms, but I will do my best under pleaded indulgence.

We are not without traces of this special kind of sobriquets even in the early days before the Norman Conquest was dreamt or thought of. I have already instanced the Venerable Bede as speaking of two missionaries who, both bearing the name of Hewald, were distinguished by the surnames of ‘White’ and ‘Black,’ on account of their hair partaking of those respective hues. In the ninth century, too, Ethelred, Earl of the Gaini, was styled the ‘Mucel’ or ‘Mickle’—‘eo quod erat corpore magnus et prudentiâ grandis.’ With the incoming of the Normans, however, came a great change. The burlesque was part of their nature. A vein for the ludicrous was speedily acquired. It spread in every rank and grade of society. The Saxon himself was touched with the contagion, ere yet the southern blood was infused into his veins. Equally among the high and the low did such sobriquets as ‘le Bastard,’ ‘le Rouse,’ ‘le Beauclerk,’ ‘le Grisegonel’ (Greycloke), ‘Plantagenet,’ ‘Sansterre,’ and ‘Cœur de lion’ find favour. But it did not stay here; the more ridiculous and absurd characteristics became the butt of attack. In a day when buffoonery had become a profession, when every roughly-sketched drawing was a caricature, every story a record of licentious adventure, it could not be otherwise. The only wonderment is the tame acquiescence on the part of the stigmatized bearer. To us now-a-days, to be termed amongst our fellows ‘Richard the Crookbacked,’ ‘William Blackinthemouth,’ ‘Thomas the Pennyfather’ (that is, the Miser), or ‘Thomas Wrangeservice’ (the opposite of Walter Scott’s ‘Andrew Fairservice’), would be looked upon as mere wanton insult. But it was then far different. The times, as I have said, were rougher and coarser, and the delicacy of feeling which would have shrunk from so addressing those with whom we had to deal, or from making them the object of our banter, would have been perfectly misunderstood. Apart from this, too, the bearer, after all, had little to do with the question. He did not give himself the nickname he received it; pleasant or unpleasant, as he had no voice in the acquisition, so had he none in its retention. There was nothing for it but good-tempered acquiescence. We know to this very day how difficult was the task of getting rid of our school nicknames, how they clung to us from the unhappy hour in which some sharp-witted, quick, discerning youngster found out our weak part, and dubbed us by a sobriquet, which, while it perhaps exaggerated the characteristic to which it had reference, had the effect which a hundred admonitions from paternal or magisterial head-quarters had not, to make us see our folly and mend our ways. None the less, however, did the affix remain, and this was our punishment. How often, when in after years we come accidentally across some quondam schoolfellow, each staring strangely at the other’s grizzly beard or beetled brow, the old sobriquet will crop up to the lips, and in the very naturalness with which the expression is uttered all the separation of years of thought and feeling is forgotten, and we are instantly back to the old days and the old haunts, and pell-mell in the thick of old boyish scrapes again. Yet perchance these names were offensive. But they have wholly lost their force. We had ceased to feel hurt by them long before we parted in early days. See how this, too, is illustrated in the present day in the names of certain sects and parties. We talk calmly of ‘Capuchins,’ ‘Quakers,’ ‘Ranters,’ ‘Whigs’ and ‘Tories,’ and yet some of these taken literally are offensive enough, especially the political ones. But, as we know, all that attached to them of odium has long ago become clouded, obscured, and forgotten, and now they are the accepted, nay, proudly owned, titles of the party they represent. Were it not for this we might be puzzled to conceive why in these early times such a name as ‘le Bonde,’ significant of nothing but personal servitude and galling oppression, was allowed to remain. That ‘le Free’ and ‘le Freman’ and ‘le Franch-homme’ should survive the ravages of time is natural enough. But with ‘Bond’ it is different. It bespoke slavery. Yet it is one of our most familiar names of to-day. How is this? The explanation is easy. The term was used to denote personality, not position; the notion of condition was lost in that of identity. It was just the same with sobriquets of a more humorous and broad character, with nicknames in fact. The roughest humour of those rough days is oftentimes found in these early records, and the surnames which, putting complimentary and objectionable and neutral together, belong to this day to this class, form still well-nigh the largest proportion of our national nomenclature. There is something indescribably odd, when we reflect about it, that the turn of a toe, the twist of a leg, the length of a limb, the colour of a lock of hair, a conceited look, a spiteful glance, a miserly habit of some in other respects unknown and long-forgotten ancestor, should still five or six centuries afterwards be unblushingly proclaimed to the world by the immediate descendants therefrom. And yet so it is with our ‘Cruickshanks’ or ‘Whiteheads’ or ‘Meeks’ or ‘Proudmans;’ thus it is with our ‘Longmans’ and ‘Shortmans,’ our ‘Biggs’ and ‘Littles,’ and the endless others we shall speedily mention. Still these represent a better class of surnames. As time wore on, and the nation became more refined, there was an attempt made, successful in many instances, to throw off the more objectionable of these names. Some were so utterly gross and ribald as even in that day to sink into almost instant oblivion. Some, I doubt not, never became hereditary at all.

In glancing briefly over a portion of these names we must endeavour to affect some order. We might divide them into two classes merely, physical and moral or mental peculiarities; but this would scarcely suffice for distinction, as each would still be so large as to make us feel ourselves to be in a labyrinth that had no outlet. Nor would these two classes be sufficiently comprehensive? There would still be left a large mass of sobriquets which could scarcely be placed with fitness in either category: nicknames from Nature, nicknames from oaths, or street-cries, or mottoes, or nicknames again in the shape of descriptive compounds. Names from the animal kingdom, of course, could be set under either a moral or physical head, as, in all cases, saving when they have arisen from inn-signs or ensigns, they would be affixed on the owner for some supposed affinity he bore in mind or body to the creature in question. Still it will be easier to place them, as well as some others, under a third and more miscellaneous category. These three divisions I would again subdivide in the following fashion:—

I.—_Physical and External Peculiarities._

(1) Nicknames from peculiarities of relationship, condition, age, size, shape, and capacity.

(2) Nicknames from peculiarities of complexion.

(3) Nicknames from peculiarities of dress and its accoutrements.

II.—_Mental and Moral Peculiarities._

(1) Nicknames from peculiarities of disposition—_complimentary_.

(2) Nicknames from peculiarities of disposition—_objectionable_.

III.—_Miscellaneous._

(1) Nicknames from the animal and vegetable kingdom.

(2) Descriptive compounds affixed as nicknames.[438]

(3) Nicknames from oaths, street-cries, and mottoes.

I.—PHYSICAL AND EXTERNAL PECULIARITIES.

(1) _Nicknames from Peculiarities of Relationship, Age, Size, and Capacity._

(_a_) _Relationship._—There is scarcely any position in which one man can stand to another which is not found recorded pure and simple in the surnames of to-day. The manner in which these arose was natural enough. We still talk of ‘John Smith, Senior,’ and ‘John Smith, Junior,’ when we require a distinction to be made between two of the same name. So it was then, only the practice was carried further. I find, for instance, in one simple record, the following insertions:—‘John Darcy le fiz,’ ‘John Darcy le frere,’ ‘John Darcy le unkle,’ ‘John Darcy le cosyn,’ ‘John Darcy le nevue,’ and ‘John Darcy, junior.’ How easy would it be for those in whose immediate community these different representatives of the one same name lived to style each by his term of relationship, and for this, once familiarised, to become his surname. ‘Uncle,’[439] once found as ‘Robert le Unkle,’ or ‘John le Uncle,’ is now quite obsolete, I think; but the pretty old Saxon ‘Eame’ abides hale and hearty in our numberless ‘Eames,’ ‘Ames,’ ‘Emes,’ and ‘Yeames.’ We find it used in the ‘Townley Mysteries.’ In one of them Rebecca tells Jacob he must flee for fear of Esau—

_Jacob._ Wheder-ward shuld I go, dame?

_Rebecca._ To Mesopotameam To my brother and thyne _eme_, That dwellys beside Jordan streme.

The ‘Promp. Par.’ defines a _cozen_ to be an ‘emys son,’ and it is from him, no doubt, our many ‘Cousens,’ ‘Cousins,’ ‘Couzens,’ and ‘Cozens’ have sprung, descended as they are from ‘Richard le Cusyn’ (A.), or ‘John le Cosyn’ (G.), or ‘Thomas le Cozun’ (E.). ‘Kinsman’ (‘John Kynnesman,’ Z.Z.) may be of the same degree. ‘Widowson’ (‘William le Wedweson,’ R., ‘Simon fil. Vidue,’ A.[440]) is apparently the same as the once existing ‘Faderless’ (‘John Faderless,’ M.),[441] while ‘Brotherson’ and ‘Sisterson’ (‘Jacob Systerson,’ W. 3) seem to be but old-fashioned phrases for a nephew, in which case they are but synonymous with the Norman ‘Nephew,’ ‘Neve,’ ‘Neave,’ or ‘Neaves;’ all these forms being familiar to our directories, and descendants of ‘Reyner le Neve’ (A.), or ‘Richard le Nevu’ (E.), or ‘Robert le Neave’ (Z.). Capgrave, giving the descent of Eber, says: ‘In this yere (anno 2509) Sala begat Heber; and of this Eber, as auctouris say, came the people Hebrak, for Heber was _neve_ unto Sem.’ Thus again, the Saxon ‘Arnold le Fader’ was met by the Norman ‘John Parent,’ and the still more foreign ‘Ralph le Padre,’ while ‘William le Brother’ found his counterpart in ‘Geoffrey le Freer,’ or ‘Frere;’ but as in so many cases this latter must be a relic of the old freere or friar, we had better refer it, perhaps, to that more spiritual relationship.[442]

(_b_) _Condition._—We have still traces in our midst of sobriquets relating to the poverty or wealth of the original bearer. Our ‘Poores,’ often found as ‘Powers,’ are descended from the ‘Roger le Poveres,’ or ‘Robert le Poors,’ of the thirteenth century, while our ‘Riches’ are set down at the same period as ‘Swanus le Riche’ or ‘Gervase le Riche.’ Of several kindred surnames we may mention a ‘John le Nedyman,’ now obsolete, and an ‘Elyas le Diveys,’ which, in the more Biblical form of Dives, still exists in the metropolis. It is somewhat remarkable that we should have the Jewish ‘Lazarus’ also, and that this too should have arisen in not a few instances from the fact that its first possessor was a leper. ‘Nicholas le Lepere’ and ‘Walter le Lepper’ speak for themselves. With the above we may ally our early ‘Robert le Ragiddes’ and ‘Thomas le Raggedes,’ which remind us that our vagabonds, if not our ‘Raggs’ and ‘Raggetts,’ are of no modern extraction, but come of a very old family indeed! ‘Half-naked,’ I unhesitatingly at first set down as one of this class, but it is local.[443]

(_c_) _Age, Size, Shape, Capacity._—This class is very large, and embraces every possible, and well-nigh impossible feature of human life. A glance over our old records, and we can almost at once find ‘Lusty’ and ‘Strong,’ ‘Long’ and ‘Short,’ ‘Bigg’[444] and ‘Little,’ ‘High’ and ‘Lowe’ (both perchance local), ‘Large’ and ‘Small,’ ‘Thick’ and ‘Thin,’ ‘Slight’ and ‘Round,’ ‘Lean’ and ‘Fatt,’ ‘Megre’ and ‘Stout,’[445] ‘Ould’ and ‘Young,’ and ‘Light’ and ‘Heavy.’ Was this not sufficient? Were there several in the same community who could boast similarity in respect to one or other of these varieties? Then we got ‘Stronger,’ ‘Shorter,’ ‘Younger,’[446] ‘Littler,’ ‘Least,’[447] ‘Senior,’ ‘Junior,’ and in some cases ‘Elder.’ Some of these are of course Norman; but when Saxon occur we can all but invariably find the Norman equivalent. Thus, if ‘Large’ be Saxon, ‘Gros’ (now ‘Grose’ and ‘Gross’) is Norman; if ‘Bigge’ be Saxon, ‘Graunt’ or ‘Grant’ or ‘Grand’ is Norman;[448] if ‘Small’ be Saxon, ‘Pettitt’ or ‘Pettye’ or ‘Petty’ or ‘Peat’ is Norman. Thus again, ‘Lowe’ meets face to face with ‘Bas’ or ‘Bass,’ ‘Short’ with ‘Curt,’ ‘Fatte’ with ‘Gras’ or ‘Grass’ or ‘Grace,’[449] ‘Strong’ with ‘Fort,’ ‘Ould’ with ‘Viele,’ ‘Twist’ with ‘Tort,’ and ‘Young’ or ‘Yonge’ with ‘Jeune.’ Sometimes the termination ‘_man_’ is added, as in ‘Strongman,’ ‘Longman,’ ‘Smallman,’ ‘Oldman,’ and ‘Youngman,’ or if a woman, _dame_, as in such a case as ‘Matilda Lenedame,’ which as a surname died probably with its owner. Sometimes, again, we have the older and more antique form, as in ‘Smale’ and ‘Smaleman,’ that is, small; ‘Yonge’ and ‘Yongeman,’ that is, young; and ‘Lyte’ and ‘Lyteman,’ that is, little; ‘Wight’ and ‘Wightman,’ now obsolete in our general vocabulary, referred to personal strength and activity. In the ‘Vision of Piers Plowman,’ one of the sons of ‘Sire Inwit’ is described as being—

A wight man of strength.

‘Manikin,’ found at the same period, needs no explanation.[450]

Of the less general we have well-nigh numberless illustrations. It is only when we come to look at our nomenclature we find out how many separate limbs, joints, and muscles we individually possess, and by what a variety of terms they severally went in earlier days. No treatise of anatomy can be more precise in regard to this than our directories. Some prominence or other peculiarity about the head or face has given us our ‘Chins,’ ‘Chekes,’ or ‘Cheeks,’ and ‘Jowles,’ or ‘Joules.’ We are all familiar with the protruding fangs of our friend ‘Jowler’ of the canine community. Thus even here also we must place ‘cheek by jowl.’ ‘Glossycheek’ (‘Bertholomew Gloscheke,’ A.) once existed, but is obsolete now. The same is true in respect of ‘Duredent’ (‘Walter Duredent,’ E.), or ‘Dent-de-fer,’ _i.e._, ‘Irontoothed’ (‘Robert Dent-de-fer,’ E.), which spoke well no doubt for the masticatory powers of its owner. ‘Merrymouth’ (‘Richard Merymouth,’ X.) would be a standing testimony to its possessor’s good humour. It is decidedly more acceptable than ‘Dogmow’[451] (‘Arnulph Dogmow,’ A.) or ‘Calvesmawe’ (‘Robert Calvesmaghe,’ M.), recorded at the same period. Sweetmouth’ (‘Robert Swetemouth,’ D.) also speaks for the sentiment of the times. In modern days, at least, the eye is supposed to be one of the chief points of personal identity. I only find one or two instances, however, where this feature has given the sobriquet in our mediæval rolls. In the ‘Calendarium Genealogicum’ a ‘Robertus Niger-oculus,’ or ‘Robert Blackeye,’ is set down as having been ‘pro felonia suspensus.’ We are reminded in his name of the ‘Blackeyed Susan’ of later days, but whether Nature had given him the said hue or some pugilistic encounter I cannot say. Judging by his antecedents, so far as the above Latin sentence betrays them, the latter would seem to be the more likely origin.[452] ‘William le Blynd,’ or ‘Ralph le Blinde,’ speak for themselves.[453] The ‘Saxon Head,’ in some cases local, doubtless, is still familiar to us. Its more Norman ‘Tait’ fitly sits at present upon the archiepiscopal throne of Canterbury. Grostete, one of which name was a distinguished bishop of Lincoln in the fourteenth century, is now represented by ‘Greathead’ and ‘Broadhead’ only. Butler, in his ‘Hudibras,’ records it in the more colloquial form of Grosted—

None a deeper knowledge boasted, Since Hodge Bacon, and Bob Grosted.

The equally foreign ‘Belteste’ (‘John Beleteste,’ A.) is content, likewise, to allow ‘Fairhead’ (‘Richard Faireheved,’ H.) to transmit to posterity the claims of its early possessor to _capital_ grace. ‘Blackhead’[454] existed in the seventeenth, and ‘Hardhead’ in the fifteenth century. These are all preferable, however, to ‘Lambshead’ (‘Agnes Lambesheved,’ A.), found some generations earlier, and still firmly settled in our midst, as the ‘London Directory’ can vouch.[455] So much for the head. ‘Neck’ and ‘Swire’ are both synonymous. Chaucer describes Envy as ready to ‘scratch her face,’ or ‘rend her clothes,’ or ‘tear her swire,’[456] in respect of which latter feat we should now more generally say ‘tear her hair.’ Either operation, however, would be unpleasant enough, and it is just as well that for all practical purposes it only occurs in poetry. Some characteristic of strength, or beauty, or deformity (let us assume one of the former) has given us our ‘Hands,’ ‘Armes,’ and ‘Brass’s,’ from the old ‘Braz.’ ‘Finger,’ once existing (‘Matilda Finger,’ H.), is now obsolete. Whether this sobriquet was given on the same grounds as that bestowed on the redoubtable ‘Tom Thumb,’ I cannot say. ‘Brazdifer’ (‘Simon Braz-de-fer,’ E., ‘Michael Bras-de-fer,’ B.B.), arm of iron, once a renowned nom-de-plume, still dwells, though obsolete in itself, in our ‘Strongithams’ and ‘Armstrongs.’[457] A common form of this North-country name was ‘Armstrang’ or ‘Armestrang’ (‘Adam le Armstrang,’ G.), reminding us that our ‘Strangs’ are but the fellows of our more southern ‘Strongs’ (‘John le Strang,’ E., ‘Joscelin le Strong,’ H.). ‘Lang’[458] and ‘Long’ represent a similar difference of pronunciation. The ‘Armstrongs’ were a great Border clan. Mr. Lower reminds me of the following lines:—

Ye need not go to Liddisdale, For when they see the blazing bale Elliots and Armstrongs never fail. (_Lay of the Last Minstrel._)

Another and more foreign form of this sobriquet, ‘Ferbas’ (‘Robert Ferbras,’ M.), has come down to us in our somewhat curious-looking ‘Firebraces.’ Still earlier than any of these we find the sobriquet ‘Swartbrand.’ Thus we see the arm wielded a powerful influence over names as well as people, no mere accident in a day when ‘might was right.’ ‘Main,’ when not local, corresponds to the Saxon ‘Hand,’ and is found in composition in such designations as ‘Blanchmains,’ that is, white-hand, ‘Grauntmains,’ big-hand, ‘Tortesmain,’ twisted-hand, ‘Malemeyn,’ evil-hand, or perhaps maimed-hand, equivalent therefore to ‘Male-braunch’ (found at the same early date) in ‘Mainstrong,’ a mere variation of ‘Armstrong,’ and in ‘Quarterman,’ scarcely recognisable in such an English-like form as the Norman ‘Quatre-main,’ the four-handed. In the reign of the second Richard it had become registered as ‘Quatremayn’ and ‘Quatreman,’ and the inversion of the two letters in this latter case was of course inevitable.[459] ‘Brazdifer,’ I have said, is extinct—not so, however, ‘Pedifer’ (‘Bernard Pedefer,’ G., ‘Fulbert Pedefer,’ X.), that is, iron-footed, which, occurring from the earliest times, still looks stout and hearty in its present guise of ‘Petifer,’ ‘Pettifer,’[460] and ‘Potiphar,’ though the last would seem to claim for it a pedigree nearly as ancient as that of the Welshman who, _half-way_ up his genealogical tree, had made the interesting note: ‘About this time Adam was born.’ Even this name, however, did not escape translation, for we find an ‘Ironfoot’ (‘Peter Yrenefot,’ A.) recorded at the same date as the above.[461] Our ‘Legges,’ our ‘Shanks’ and ‘Footes,’[462] are all familiar to us, though the first is in most cases undoubtedly local, as being but an olden form of ‘Leigh.’[463] We all remember the inimitable couplet placed over the memorial to Samuel Foote, the comedian—

Here lies one _Foote_, whose death may thousands save, For death has now one _foot_ within the grave.

‘Jambe’ was the Norman synonym of ‘Shank,’ and by way of more definite distinction we light upon the somewhat flattering ‘Bellejambe,’ the equally unflattering ‘Foljambe,’ the doubtful ‘Greyshank,’[464] the historic ‘Longshank,’ the hapless ‘Cruikshank’ or ‘Bowshank,’[465] the decidedly uncomplimentary ‘Sheepshank,’ and, last and worst, ‘Pelkeshank,’ seemingly intended to be ‘Pelican-shanked,’ which, when we recall the peculiar disproportion of that bird’s extremities to the rest of its body, affords ample reason for the absence of that sobriquet in our more modern rolls. Some fifty years ago a certain Mr. Sheepshanks, of Jesus College, Cambridge, while undergoing an examination in Juvenal, pronounced ‘satire’ ‘satyr.’ A wag, thereupon, wrote the following epigram, which soon found its way through the University:—

The satyrs of old were satyrs of note, With the head of a man, they’d the shanks of a goat: But the satyr of Jesus all satyrs surpasses, Whilst his _shanks_ are a _sheep’s_, his head is an ass’s.

Swiftness of foot was not allowed to go unrecorded, and we have an interesting instance of the way in which this class of surnames arose from an entry recorded in the ‘Issues of the Exchequer.’ There we find a ‘Ralph Swyft’ mentioned as _courier_ to Edward III. Nothing could be more natural than for such a sobriquet to become affixed to a man fulfilling an office like this, requiring, as it did at times, all the running and riding powers of which he could be capable.[466] Other memorials of former agility in this respect are still preserved in our ‘Golightlys’[467] and ‘Lightfoots,’ while of still earlier date, and more poetical form, we may instance ‘Harefoot’ and ‘Roefoot.’ These, however, are altogether inexpressive in comparison with such a sobriquet as ‘Scherewind’ or ‘Shearwind,’ which seems to have been a familiar expression at this time, for I find it recorded in three several rolls. It is strange, and yet not strange, that every peculiarity that can mark the human gait is distinctly preserved in our nomenclature. ‘Isabel Stradling’ or ‘William Stradling’ represent the _straddle_; ‘Thomas le Ambler’ or ‘Ralph le Ambuler’ (when not occupative), the _amble_; our ‘Shailers,’ ‘Shaylors,’ and ‘Shaylers,’ the _shuffle_; ‘Robert le Liltere,’ the _hop_; our ‘Scamblers’ and ‘Shamblers,’ the weak-kneed _shamble_; ‘Ralph le Todeler,’ the _toddle_; and ‘Samuel Trotman’ or ‘Richard Trotter’ (when not occupative), the _trot_, if that be possible on two legs. Besides these, we may mention the obsolete ‘Thomas Petitpas’ or ‘John Petypase,’ ‘William Noblepas,’ and ‘Malpas,’ which we might Saxonize into ‘Short-step,’ ‘High-step,’ and ‘Bad-step.’ ‘Christiana Lameman’ and ‘William Laymeman’ remind us of more pitiable weaknesses. ‘Barefoot’ may have been the designation of some one under penitential routine, unless it be a corruption of ‘Bearfoot.’ ‘Proudfoot’ and ‘Platfoot’ (plat = flat) need no comment, while ‘Sikelfoot,’ found by Mr. Lower as existing in the thirteenth century, seems, as he says, to bespeak a splayed appearance or outward twist.[468] If this be so, the owner was not alone in his distress. We have just mentioned ‘Cruikshank.’ Our ‘Crooks’ are, I doubt not, of similar origin, and another compound of the same, now obsolete, was ‘Crookbone’ (‘Henry Crokebane,’ A.). Our ‘Crumps’ are but relics of the old ‘Richard le Crumpe’ or ‘Hugh le Crump,’ the crookbacked, and perhaps our ‘Cramps’ and ‘Crimps’ are but changes rung on the same. Our nursery literature still preserves the story of the ‘cow with the crumpled horn.’ Thus, also, was it with our ‘Cams,’ once ‘William le Cam.’ As a Celtic stream-name, denoting a winding course, it has survived the aggressions of Saxon and Norman, and is still familiar. Cambridge and Camford are on two different streams of this name. In the north a man is still said to ‘cam his shoe’ who wears it down on one side. I have heard the phrase often among the poorer classes of Lancashire. ‘Camoys’ or ‘Camuse,’ from the same root, was generally applied to the nasal organ. In the description of the Miller, which I shall have occasion to quote again shortly, Chaucer says—

A Sheffield thwitel bare he in his hose, Round was his face, and camuse was his nose.

As, however, I find both ‘John le Camoys’ and ‘Reginald de Camoys,’ it is only a fair presumption that in some cases it is of Norman local origin. With one of our leading families it is undoubtedly so. The two great clans of ‘Cameron’ and ‘Campbell,’ I may say in passing, though treading upon Scottish soil, are said to mean severally ‘crook-nosed’ and ‘crook-mouthed.’ If this be so, we may see how firmly has this little word imbedded itself upon our nomenclature, if not upon our more general vocabulary. Not to mention ‘Crypling,’ ‘Handless,’ and ‘Onehand,’[469] we find ‘Blind’ significative of blindness; ‘Daffe’ and ‘Daft,’ of deafness; ‘Mutter’ and ‘Stutter,’ not to say ‘Stuttard’ and ‘Stammer,’ of lisping speech; and ‘Dumbard,’ of utter incapacity in that respect. Such a sobriquet as ‘Mad’[470] of course explains itself. As we might well presume, this has not come down to us. Still less pleasant in their associations are our ‘Burls’ (‘Henry le Burle,’ A.), that is, blotch-skinned. But complimentary allusions to the smoothness of the hands and face were not wanting. Apart from a touch of poetry, such names as ‘Elizabeth Lyllywhite,’ now ‘Lilywhite;’ ‘William Beauflour,’ now spelt ‘Boutflower’ and ‘Buffler;’ and ‘Faith Blanchflower,’ still existing also, are not without a certain prettiness. Of equally clear complexion would be the obsolete ‘William Whiteflesh’ or ‘Gilbert Whitehand’[471] or ‘Robert Blanchmains,’ not to mention our ‘Chits’ and ‘Chittys’ (‘John le Chit,’ A., ‘Agnes Chittye,’ Z.). We still talk in our nurseries of a ‘little chit,’ a word which, though strictly speaking confined to no age, had early become a pet name as applied to young children. It is with these, therefore, we must ally our ‘Slicks,’ from ‘sleek,’ ‘smooth,’[472] ‘Sam Slick’ being by no means in possession of an imaginary name. Chaucer says of ‘Idleness,’ in his Romance—

Her flesh tender as is a chicke With bent browes; smooth and slicke.

It is astonishing how carefully will a sobriquet of an undoubtedly complimentary nature find itself preserved. Such a name as ‘Hugh le Bell’ or ‘Richard le Bell’ is an instance in point.[473] While objectionable designations, or even those of but equivocal character, have been gradually shuffled off or barely allowed to survive, the mere fact of this being at the present day one of the most familiar, and in respect of sobriquet nomenclature the absolutely most common, of our surnames, shows that the human heart is not altered by lapse of generations, and that pride then, as now, wielded a powerful sceptre over the minds of men. Our ‘Belhams’ represent but the fuller ‘Bellehomme’ (‘William Bellehomme,’ M.). Thus the two may be set against our Saxon ‘Prettys’ and ‘Prettimans,’[474] though ‘pretty’ would scarcely find itself so acceptable now, denoting as it does a style of beauty rather too effeminate for the lords of creation. In the Hundred Rolls occur ‘Matilda Winsome’ and ‘Alicia Welliking.’ Both these terms, complimentary as they undoubtedly were, are now obsolete, so far as our directories are concerned.

(2) _Nicknames from Peculiarities of Complexion._

After all, however, it is, perhaps, complexion which has occupied for itself the largest niche in our more general nomenclature. Nor is this unnatural. It is still that which, in describing people, we seize upon as the best means of recognition. Sobriquets of this kind were so numerous, indeed, that there was no term in the vocabulary of the day which could be used to denote the colour of the dress, the hair, or the face, which did not find itself a place among our surnames.

It was the same with our beasts of burden or animals of the chase. In these days their hides almost invariably furnished forth their current designations. Thus we find the horse familiarly known by such titles as ‘Morell,’ from its moorish or swarthy tan, or ‘Lyard,’ that is, dapple-grey, or ‘Bayard,’ bay, or ‘Favell,’ dun, or ‘Blank,’ white. The dark hide of the ass got for it the sobriquet of ‘Dun,’ a term still preserved in the old proverb, ‘As dull as Dun in the mire,’ while again as ‘Burnell’ its browner aspect will be familiar to all readers of Chaucer. Thus, also, the fox was known as ‘Russell,’ the bear as ‘Bruin,’ and the young hind, from its early indefinite red, ‘Sorrell.’ How natural that the same custom should have its effect upon human nomenclature. How easy for a country community to create the distinction between ‘John le Rouse’ and ‘John le Black,’ ‘William le Hore’ and ‘William le Sor’ or ‘Sorrell,’ if the complexion of the hair or face were sufficiently distinctive to allow it. Some of these adjectives were applied to human peculiarities of this kind till within recent times. Burns uses ‘lyart’ for locks of iron grey, and Aubyn, in his ‘Lives,’ describes Butler, author of ‘Hudibras,’ as having ‘a head of sorrell haire.’ We ourselves talk of ‘brunettes’ and ‘blondes,’ of ‘dark’ and ‘fair.’ Thus it was then such sobriquets as ‘Philip le Sor,’ ‘Adam le Morell,’ ‘William le Favele’ or ‘Favell,’ ‘Walter le Bay’ or ‘Theobald le Bayard,’ ‘Henry le Dun’ or ‘Thomas le Lyard,’ arose. Thus was it our ‘Rouses’ and ‘Russells,’ our ‘Brownes’[475] and ‘Brunes,’ with the obsolete ‘Brunman,’ or ‘Brunells’ and ‘Burnells,’ our ‘Whites’ and ‘Whitemans,’ our ‘Hores’ and ‘Hoares,’ our ‘Greys’ and ‘Grissels’[476] sprang into being. Nor are these all. Our ‘Reeds,’ ‘Reids,’ and ‘Reads’ are all but forms of the old ‘rede’ or red, once so pronounced;[477] while ‘Redman,’ when not a descendant of ‘Adam’ or ‘Thomas de Redmayne,’ is the bequest of some ‘Robert’ or ‘John Redman’ of the thirteenth century. Our ‘Swarts’ are but relics of the old ‘John le Swarte,’ applied no doubt to the tawny or sunburnt face of its original owner. The word was in common use at this time. In ‘Guy of Warwick’ we are told:—

His nek is greater than a bole, His body is swarter than ani cole.

The darker-hued countenances of our forefathers are immortalised also in such entries as ‘Reyner le Blake’ or ‘Stephen le Blak,’ now found as ‘Blake’ and ‘Black,’ or ‘Elias le Blakeman’ or ‘Henry Blacman,’ now ‘Blakeman’ and ‘Blackman’ respectively. ‘John le Blanc’ and ‘Warin Blench’ find themselves in the nineteenth century supported by our ‘Blanks’ and ‘Blanches;’[478] while the descendants of such people as ‘Amabilla le Blund,’ or ‘Walter le Blunt,’ or ‘Reginald le Blond,’ or ‘Richard le Blount’ still preserve a memorial of their ancestry in such familiar forms as ‘Blund,’ ‘Blunt,’ ‘Blond,’ and ‘Blount.’ ‘Blanket’ and ‘Blanchet,’ as fuller forms, we shall notice shortly, and ‘Blondin,’ ‘Blundell,’ and the immortalised but mythic ‘Blondel’ are but changes rung upon the others. Our ‘Fallows’ are but relics of the ‘Fales’ and ‘Falemans’ of the Hundred Rolls. The somewhat pallid yellow they represented we still apply to park deer and untilled earth. We find it, however, used more personally in the ‘Knight’s Tale,’ where it is said of Arcite that he began to wax lean—

His eye hollow, and grisly to behold, His hewe falew, and pale as ashen cold.

‘Scarlet’ doubtless was a sobriquet given, as may have been some of the above, from the colour of the dress, this being a very popular complexion of cloth in early days. Tripping it—

In skerlet kyrtells, every one,

would be a familiar and pretty sight, no doubt, as the village maidens went round to the tune of the fife and tabor at the rural feast or ingathering, nor would umbrage be taken at the title. Several ‘Blues’ are recorded in the more Norman-French form of ‘le Bleu.’ Whether they still exist I am not quite sure, nor are we helped to any satisfactory conclusion by the epitaph which Mr. Lower wisely italicises, when he says _it is said_ to exist in a church in Berkshire—

Underneath this ancient pew Lieth the body of Jonathan Blue. _N.B._—His name was ‘Black,’ but that wouldn’t do.

There may be more or less doubt as to the precise reference some of the above-mentioned names bear to the physical peculiarities of their owners, whether to the complexion of the face, or the hair, or, as I have lately hinted, to the dress. But in many other cases there can be no such controversy. For instance, no one can be in perplexity as to how our ‘Downyheads,’ ‘Rufheads,’[479] ‘Hardheads,’ ‘Whiteheads,’ ‘Redheads,’ ‘Flaxenheads,’[480] ‘Shavenheads,’ ‘Goldenheads,’ ‘Weaselheads,’[481] ‘Coxheads’ or ‘Cocksheads,’ and ‘Greenheads’ arose, many of which, now extinct, were evidently intended to be obnoxious. Nor is there any greater difficulty in deciphering the meaning of such names as ‘Whitelock’ or ‘Whitlock,’ ‘Silverlock’ or ‘Blacklock.’ ‘Shakelock’ seems to refer to some eccentricity on the part of the owner, unless it be but a corruption of ‘Shacklock,’ a likely sobriquet for a gaoler, from the fetterlocks, once so termed, which he was wont to employ—

And bids his man bring out the fivefold twist, His shackles, shacklocks, hampers, gyves, and chains.

‘Whitehair,’[482] ‘Fairhair,’[483] and ‘Yalowhair,’ are equally transparent. The latter was once a decidedly favourite hue, as I believe it is still, only we now say ‘golden.’[484] With the gross flattery so commonly resorted to by courtier historians, every princess was described as having yellow tresses. How they allowed themselves to be so cajoled is an equally historic mystery. Queen Elizabeth had more obsequious adulation uttered to her face, and possessed a greater stomach for it, than any other royal personage who ever sat upon or laid claim to a crown, but nothing pleased her more than a compliment upon her golden locks, carroty as they really were. In a description of another Elizabeth, the Queen of Henry VII., as she appeared before her coronation, 1487, quoted by Mr. Way, it is said that she wore ‘her faire yellow hair hanging down pleyne behynd her back, with a calle of pipes over it,’ and further back still, when Chaucer would describe the beauty of Dame Gladness, he must needs finish off the portrayal by touching up her locks with the popular hue—

Her hair was yellow, and clear shining, I wot no lady so liking.

‘Yalowhair’ is obsolete, but in our ‘Fairfax’ is preserved a sobriquet commemorative no doubt of the same favoured colour. In ‘Sir Gawayne’ we are told, after the alliterative style of the day, how ‘_fair_ fanning _fax_’ encircled the shoulders of the doughty warrior. In the ‘Townley Mysteries,’ too, a demon is represented in one place as saying—

A horne, and a Dutch axe, His sleeve must be flecked, A syde head, and a fare fax, His goune must be specked.

‘Beard,’ once entered as ‘Peter Wi’-the-berd,’ or ‘Hugo cum-Barbâ,’ still thrives in our midst; and even ‘Copperbeard,’ ‘Greybeard,’ ‘Blackbeard,’[485] and ‘Whitebeard’ contrive to exist. ‘Redbeard’[486] together with ‘Featherbeard,’ ‘Eaglebeard,’ ‘Wisebeard,’ and ‘Brownbeard,’[487] have long disappeared, and ‘Bluebeard,’ of whose dread existence we were, as children, only too awfully assured, has also left no descendants; but this, I fancy, we gather from his history. ‘Lovelock’ is a relic of the once familiar plaited and beribboned lock which I have already alluded to, as having been familiarly worn by our forefathers of the more exquisite type. To the same peculiar, if not effeminate propensity, we owe, I doubt not, ‘Locke’ (‘Nicol Locke,’ A.) itself, not to mention ‘Curl’ (‘Marcus Curle,’ Z.) and ‘Crisp’ (‘Reginald le Crispe,’ J.). The former of these two, however, seems to denote the natural waviness, the latter the artificial production. In the poem from which I have but just quoted we find the same hero described as having his hair—

Well crisped and cemmed (combed) with knots full many,

and a memorial of the fashion still lingers in the ‘crisping pins’ of our present Bible version. In the Hundred Rolls appears the sobriquet of ‘Prikeavant.’ This, as Mr. Lower proves, lingered on till the close at least of the seventeenth century, in the form of ‘Prick-advance.’[488] I cannot agree with him, however, that it arose as a mere spur-expression. I doubt not it is but the earlier form of the later ‘pickedevaunt,’ the pointed or spiked beard so much in vogue in mediæval times. The word occurs in the ‘Taming of a Shrew’—

Boy, oh! disgrace to my person! Sounes, boy, Of your face! You have many boys with such Pickedevaunts, I am sure.

Nothing could be more natural than for such a custom as this to find itself memorialised in our nomenclature. Exaggeration in the habit would easily affix the name upon the wearer, and though not very euphonious as a surname, the popularity of the usage would take from its unpleasantness. This also will explain ‘Thomas Stykebeard,’ found in the H.R. at this time. But let us turn for a moment to an opposite peculiarity. Though we often talk of getting our heads polled, few, I imagine, reflect that our ‘Pollards’ must have obtained their title from their well-shorn appearance. It is with them, therefore, we must set our ‘Notts,’ ‘Notmans,’ and doubtless some of our ‘Knotts.’ The term ‘nott’ was evidently synonymous with ‘shorn,’ and to have a nothead was to have the hair closely cut all round the head. It is still commonly done in some parts of the country among the peasantry. Chaucer, describing the ‘Yeoman,’ says—

A not-hed hadde he, with a browne visage.

Andrew Boorde, too, later on, writing of the ‘Mores whyche do dwel in Barbary,’ says: ‘They have gret lyppes and nottyd heare, black and curled.’[489] The name as a sobriquet is very common in the old registers. Among other instances may be mentioned ‘Henry le Not’ and ‘Herbert le Notte’ in the ‘Placitorum’ at Westminster. Nature, however, did for our ‘Callows’ what art had done for the latter. The term is written ‘calewe’ with our earlier writers, and in this form is found as a surname in 1313, one ‘Richard le Calewe,’ or bald-headed, occurring in the Parliamentary Writs for that year. We still talk of fledgelings as ‘callow young.’ From its Latin root ‘calvus,’[490] and through the French ‘chauve,’ we get also the early ‘John le Chauf,’ ‘Geoffrey le Cauf,’ and ‘Richard le Chaufyn’—forms which still abide with us in our ‘Corfes’ and ‘Caffins.’ Our ‘Balls’ are manifestly sprung from some ‘Custance Balde’ or ‘Richard Bald.’ But there is yet one more name to be mentioned in this category, that of ‘Peel’ or ‘Peile,’ descended, as it doubtless is in many cases, from such folk as ‘Thomas le Pele’ or ‘William le Pyl.’

As pilled as an ape was his crown

is the not very complimentary description Chaucer gives of the Miller of Trumpington. It is but the same word as occurs in our Authorised Version of Ezekiel xxix. 18, where it is said: ‘Every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled.’ In Isaiah xviii. 2, too, we read of a ‘nation scattered and peeled,’ the marginal reading being ‘outspread and polished.’[491] Used as a surname, it seems to have denoted that glossy smoothness, that utter guiltlessness of capillary protection which belongs only to elderly gentlemen, and even then to but a few.[492]

It can be no matter of astonishment to us, when we reflect upon it, that our nomenclature should owe so much to this one single specialty of the human physique. The face is the mark of all recognition among men, and how much of its character belongs to the simple appanage we have been speaking of we may easily gather from the difference the slightest change in the style of dressing or cutting it makes among those with whom we are most familiar. Looking back at what has been recorded, what a living proof they afford us of the truth of Horace Smith’s assertion that surnames ‘ever go by contraries.’ The art of colouring may be hereditary, but certainly not the dyes themselves. Who ever saw a ‘Whytehead’ who was not dark, or a ‘Blacklock’ who was not a blonde? Who ever saw reddish hair on a ‘Russell,’ or a swarthy complexion on a ‘Morell’? How invariably does it happen that our ‘Lightfoots’ are gouty, and our ‘Hales’ dyspeptic, our ‘Bigges’ are manikins, and our ‘Littles’ giants. Such are the tricks that Time plays with us. Recorded history gives us the slow development of change in the habits and customs of domestic life, but here we can compare the physical shifts of the family itself. As history and everything else, however, are said to repeat themselves, we may comfort or condole with, as the case may require, those who, if this dictum, like the Pope’s, be infallible, shall some time or other return to their primitive hues and original proportions.

(3) _Nicknames from Peculiarities of Dress and Accoutrements._

An interesting peep into the minuter details of mediæval life is given us in the case of names derived from costume and ensigncy, whether peaceful or warlike. The colour of the cloth of which the dress was composed seems to have furnished us with several surnames. For instance, our ‘Burnets’ would seem to be associated with the fabric of a brown mixture common at one period. Our great early poet, in describing Avarice, says—

A mantle hung her faste by Upon a benche weak and small, A burnette cote hung there withall, Furred with no minevere, But with a furre rough of hair.

It was the same with our ‘Burrels’ (‘Roger Burell,’ J., ‘Robert Burell,’ R.), whom I have already had occasion to mention. So familiar was this cloth that the poorer classes acquired from it the sobriquet of ‘borelfolk.’ This is only analogous to the French ‘grisette,’ from the grey cheap stuff she usually wore. Our ‘Blankets’ (‘Robert Blanket,’ B., ‘John Blanket,’ X.) or ‘Blanchets’ or ‘Plunkets,’[493] for all these forms are found, are in the same way but relics of the time when the colourless woollen mixture, called by all these names, was in everyday demand, whether for dress or coverlet. A story has been spread abroad that our woollen ‘blanket’ owes its origin to a man of that name, who first manufactured it. Even otherwise well-informed writers have lent themselves to the furtherance of this fable. ‘Blanket’ was originally the name of a cheap woollen cloth, used for the apparel of the lower orders, and so entitled from its pale and colourless hue, just as _russet_ and _burrel_ were in vogue to express similar manufactures of more decided colours. It was but the Norman form of the Saxon ‘whittle,’ once the household word for this fabric. Thus we find it occurring in an old Act, already referred to, passed in 1363, to restrict the dress of the peasantry:—All people not possessing 40 shillings’ worth of goods and chattels ‘ne usent nule manere de drap, si noun blanket et russet, laune de xii_d._,’ that is, shall not take nor wear any manner of cloth, but blanket and russet wool of twelvepence. (_Stat. Realm_, vol. i. p. 381.) An old indenture of goods contains the following:—‘Item, 1 olde Kendale gowne, and a hood of the same, pris ix_d._, the gowne lynyd with white blanket.’ (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 566.) Both ‘Whittle’ and ‘Blanket’ are existing surnames. The reader will see from these references alone that, whether in the case of the man or the manufacture, it is the colour, or rather lack of colour, which has given the sobriquet. Our ‘Greenmans,’ whether as surname or tavern sign, are but sprung from the old forester—

Clad in cote and hode of grene,

of Lincoln or Kendal make. The ‘Greenman’ was a favourite rural signboard, and I doubt not the reader will have seen it occasionally swinging still in the more retired parts of the country. Crabbe knew it well in his day—

But the ‘Green Man’ shall I pass by unsung, Which mine own James upon his signpost hung? His sign, his image—for he once was seen A squire’s attendant, clad in keeper’s green.

Turning from the colour of the cloth to the garments into which it was fashioned, nothing could be more natural to our forefathers than to take off with a sobriquet the more whimsical aspects of dress indulged in by particular individuals. Royalty itself did not escape. It was through his introduction of a new fashion our second Henry got his nickname of ‘Curtmantel,’ and this was matched by ‘Capet’ and ‘Grisegonel’ across the water. ‘Richard Curtepy’ reminds us of the poor clerk of whom Chaucer says—

Full thredbare was his overest courtepy,

that is, his cloak or gabardine. ‘Henry Curtmantle,’ just mentioned, ‘Martin Curtwallet,’ and ‘Robert Curthose’ (still existing in Derbyshire in the more Saxon form of ‘Shorthose’),[494] satirise the introduction of a curtailment in the general as ‘Reginald Curtbrant’ does in the more military habit; ‘Richard Widehose’ and the Scotch ‘Macklehose,’ on the other hand, suggesting a change of an opposite and more sailorlike character. ‘Hose,’ itself a surname, is again found in composition in ‘Richard Goldhose,’ ‘Nicholas Strokehose,’ ‘John Scrothose’ (‘Scratchhose,’), and ‘Richard Letherhose;’ the latter still to be met with in Germany as ‘Ledderhose.’ ‘Emma Wastehose,’ though now obsolete, evidently bespoke the reckless habits of the wearer, while ‘John Sprenhose’ (_i.e._, ‘Spurnhose’) seems to have declared its owner’s want of appreciation of that article altogether. The old ‘paletoque’ or doublet, a loose kind of frock often worn by priests, left itself a memorial in ‘Thomas Pyletok,’ which is now extinct, but ‘Pylch’ (‘Symon Pylche,’ A.), the maker of which has already been mentioned, remains hale and hearty in our midst. ‘Mantel’ (‘Walter Mantel,’ L.) and ‘Fremantel’[495] are well established among us, the latter probably owing its origin to the frieze-cloth which the Frieslander of the Low Countries once manufactured out of our own wool. It is Latinized in our records into ‘Hugh de Frigido-Mantello,’ and the cloth itself as ‘Frisius pannus.’[496] The herald’s tunic, barely covering the chest and open from the shoulder downwards, gave us our ‘Tabards.’ It must have had plenty of last in it, for Piers Plowman talks of—

A tawny tabard of twelf wynters age.

The variegated dress, much in favour then apparently, still survives in our ‘Medlecote’ and ‘Medlicott.’[497] The stuffed doublet gave us ‘Thomas Gambeson,’ now perhaps ‘Gamson,’ while the short petticoat is memorialised in ‘John Grenecurtel.’ ‘Alicia Caperon’ and ‘Thomas Chaperoun’ are early found. The _chaperon_ was a hood by which the entire face could be concealed if it were so desired. Taylor, in the seventeenth century, mentions it as but recently out of fashion—

Her _shapperoones_, her periwigs and tires, Are reliques which this flattery much admires.

It is thus, by a somewhat strange but easy association of ideas, has come our modern protector in society so called.

Excess of apparel has often in olden days been under penal statute. Chaucer, in his time, decried its abuse, and an old rhyme of Edward III. date is still preserved, which is scathing enough—

Longbeards, heartlesse, Painted hoods, witlesse, Gaycoates, gracelesse, Makes England thriftlesse.

We are reminded in this of ‘Gai-cote’ (‘William Gaicote,’ A.), which once was a surname, though now extinct. ‘Woolward’ or ‘Woolard’ (‘Geoffey Woleward,’ A., ‘Reginald Wolleward,’ N.) still thrives. To go ‘woolward’ was to undergo the penance of wearing the outer woollen cloth without any linen under-dress. It was often prescribed by the priesthood. Piers, in his Vision, says—

_Wolleward_ and weetshoed Wente I forth;

while another old poem bids us—

Faste, and go _wolward_, and wake, And suffre hard for Godys sake.[498]

The name was not an unfrequent one at the time of which I am writing, and I doubt not was oftentimes familiarly applied to friars. We must probably refer to more warlike accoutrements for the origin of our ‘Gantletts’ or ‘Gauntletts’ (‘Henry Gauntelett,’ Z., ‘Roger Gauntlet,’ Z.), our ‘Pallets’ and ‘Vizards.’ The latter was that part of the helmet which was perforated for the wearer to see through, ‘pallet’ being the general term for the helmet itself. ‘Ranulf Strong-bowe’ was a likely sobriquet for a brawny-armed bowman to acquire, and, like ‘Isabella Fortiscue’ (brave shield) and ‘Emelina Longespee,’ belongs to more general history. ‘Sword,’ ‘Buckler,’ ‘Lance,’[499] ‘Spear,’ ‘Pike,’ ‘Bill,’ the renowned ‘Brownbill,’ and others too many for enumeration, have similarly found a place in our nomenclature. What a revolution in the mode of warfare do they betoken. What a sweeping change has the invention of gunpowder effected on the battlegrounds of Europe.

But I mentioned ‘badges.’ It is amusing to see how the early love of distinctive ensigns has made its mark here. While it is an English instinct to reverence authority, this authority itself has ever been distinguished by the outward manifestation of dress and emblem. The ceremonious requirements of the feudal state have had their effect. As I endeavoured to show in a previous chapter, these were simply overwhelming. The office of each was not more distinct than his outward accompaniments, and it was by the latter his precise position was known. The ‘baton,’ however, seems to have held the foremost place as a token of authority—a sword, a javelin, a spear, a wand, a rod, it mattered not what, a something borne in the hand, and you might have known in that day an official. Nor are we as yet free from its influence. Royalty still has its sceptre, the Household of State its ‘black rod,’ magistracy has its mace, proctorship its poker, the churchwarden his staff, the beadle—far the most important of all to the charity children and himself—his stick. From official, this rage for badges seems to have passed on to the quieter and more ordinary avocations. The shepherd was not better known by his crook, the huntsman not better known by his horn, than the pilgrim by his ‘bourdon,’ the woodward by his ‘bill,’ or the surveyor by his ‘meteyard’[500] or ‘metewand.’ How easy then for all these words to be turned into sobriquets. How natural they should become slang epithets for those who carried them. How natural that we should find them all in our directories. ‘Meatyard,’ ‘Burdon’ or ‘Bourdon,’ ‘Crook,’ ‘Wand,’ ‘Staff,’ ‘Rodd,’ ‘Horne,’[501] all are there. Nor did the personal characteristics of such bearers escape the good-humoured raillery of our ancestors. Far from it. ‘Waghorn,’[502] would easily fix itself upon some awkward horn-blower; ‘Wagspear’ (‘Mabill Wagspere,’ W. 1.), or ‘Shakespeare’ (‘William Shakespeare,’ V. 1.), or ‘Shakeshaft’[503] or ‘Drawsword’ (‘Henry Drawswerde,’ A.), or ‘Drawespe’ (‘Thomas Drawespe,’ A.) upon some over-demonstrative sergeant or clearer of the way; or ‘Wagstaffe’ (‘Robert Waggestaff,’ A.) on some obnoxious beadle.[504] ‘Tipstaffe’ we know for certain as a name of this class—he was a bumbailiff. In 1392 one Roger Andrew was publicly indicted for pretending to be an officer of the Marshalsea, which he did by bearing a ‘wooden staff with horn at either end, called a “tippestaffe.”’ It does not seem, however, to have been confined only to him. Chaucer says of the frère, that—

With scrippe, and tipped staf, tucked high In every house he gan to pore and pry;

and but two lines further on he tells us—

His felaw had a staff tipped with horn,

which thus explicitly explains the term. The same humour found vent in ‘John Swyrdebrake,’[505] ‘Adrian Breakspear,’ ‘William Longstaffe,’ ‘Antony Halstaff’ (perchance ‘Hale-staff’),[506] and ‘Thomas Ploghstaf’ (Plowstaff). With one or two more general terms of this class we may proceed. ‘Robert Hurlebat’[507] and ‘Matthew Winspear,’ ‘Richard Spurdaunce’ and ‘Robert Bruselance,’ ‘Simon Lovelaunce’ and ‘Thomas Crakyshield,’[508] ‘Roger Benbow,’ ‘Cicely Brownsword,’ and ‘Thomas Shotbolte,’ are evidently nicknames fastened upon certain individuals for special prowess in some of the sports of the Middle Ages, probably at some church-ale or wakes.

II.—MENTAL AND MORAL PECULIARITIES.

(1) _Nicknames from Peculiarities of Disposition—Complimentary._

Let us now turn to the varied characteristics of the human heart. If we wish to know how many good and excellent qualities there are in the world, and at the same time deceive ourselves into a belief that the evils are few, we must look into our directories. Scan their contents, and we might almost persuade ourselves that Utopia was a fact, and that we were consulting its muster-roll. At every turn we meet with virtue in the guise of a ‘Goode,’ or an ‘Upright,’ or a ‘Righteous,’[509] or a ‘Patient,’ or a ‘Best,’ or a ‘Faithful;’ or infallibility in a ‘Perfect’ or ‘Faultless.’ We are ever coming across philosophy in the shape of a ‘Wise’ or a ‘Sage.’ Conscience must surely trouble but little, where ‘Merry’ and ‘Gay,’ ‘Blythe’ and ‘Joyce,’ that is, joyous, are all but interminable; and companionship must be ever sweet with such people to converse with as ‘Makepeace’[510] and ‘Friend,’ ‘Goodhart’ and ‘Truman,’ ‘True’ and ‘Leal,’ ‘Kind’ and ‘Curtis’ or ‘Curteis.’ ‘Fulhardy’ and ‘Giddyhead,’ ‘Cruel’ and ‘Fierce,’ ‘Wilfulle’ and ‘Sullen,’ and ‘Envious’ did indeed find a habitation in its pages, but they have long since disappeared, being quite out of place in the presence of such better folk as ‘Hardy’[511] and ‘Grave,’ and ‘Gentle’ and ‘Sweet;’ or if the cloven foot of pride be still visible in ‘Proud’ and ‘Proudfoot,’ it is nevertheless under constant rebuke by our familiarity with such lowly characters as ‘Humble’ and ‘Meek.’[512] Nevertheless, this was anything but so in the old time. The evil roots of sin may still abide hale and strong and ineradicable in the heart of man, but he has carefully weeded the more apparent traces of this out of his nomenclature. I do not mean to say we are utterly without names of objectionable import, but we shall see that what I have stated once before is true in the main. We shall see that as a rule it is only when the sobriquet word has changed its meaning, or that meaning become obscure and doubtful, or when the name itself has lost the traces of its origin—easy enough in the lapse of so many days of unsettled orthography—that the surname has lingered on. This will make itself apparent as we advance.

Such names as ‘Walter Snel,’ ‘Richard Quicke’ (A.), including the immortal Quickly, ‘Richard le Smert’ (M.), now ‘Smart,’ ‘Thomas Scharp,’ now ‘Sharp,’[513] ‘Gilbert Poygnant’ (A.), ‘Thedric le Witte’ (A.), now ‘Witt’ and ‘Witty,’ ‘Nicholas le Cute’ (A.), and ‘Ralph le Delivre’[514] (M.M.), argue well for the keen perceptions and brisk habits of early days.[515] The slang sense of several of these, strangely enough, is but the original meaning restored. ‘Witty’ arose when the word implied keenness of intellect rather than of humour. Chaucer thus speaks of ‘witty clerkes,’ using the latter word too in a perfectly unofficial sense. Our numberless ‘Clarkes’ and ‘Clerkes,’ sprung from equally numberless ‘Beatrix le Clercs’ or ‘Milo le Clerks,’ may therefore belong either to the professional class or to the one we are considering. ‘William le Frek’ (M.) or ‘Ralph Frike’ (A.), now found as ‘Freak,’ ‘Frick,’ and ‘Freke,’ was a complimentary sobriquet implicative of bravery and daring even to rashness.[516] Minot in his political songs tells us in alliterative verse how the doughty men of Edward the Third’s army were—

Ful frek to fight.

The old ‘William le Orpede,’ or ‘Stephen le Horpede,’ or ‘Peter Orpedeman’ denotes a disposition equally stout-hearted.[517] It is a term found in well-nigh all our mediæval writers, and was evidently in common and familiar use. Trevisa, in his account of the Norman invasion, represents ‘Gurth’ as saying to Harold, ‘Why wilt thou unwary fight with so many orped men?’ The monk of Glastonbury also, speaking of Edward the Third’s expedition to Calais in 1350, relates that he ‘towke with him the nobleis, and the gentelles, and other worthi and orpedde menne of armes.’ Our ‘Keats’ and ‘Ketts’ are the old ‘Walter le Ket’ (G.) or ‘Osbert le Ket’ (J.), that is, the fierce, the bold. Thus the cowherd in ‘William of Pelerne’ directs the child how to conduct himself—

When thou komest to kourt Among the kete lordes.

With these therefore we may associate ‘William le Prew,’ now ‘Prew,’[518] ‘Nicholas Vigerous,’ now found also as ‘Vigors,’ ‘Helen Gallant,’ ‘John le Stallworth,’[519] ‘Thomas Doughtye,’ and ‘Robert le Bolde,’ all still well-known names. ‘Prest,’ ‘Peter le Prest’ (M.), when not the archaic form of ‘Priest,’ is of kin to the mountebank’s ‘presto,’ and means—quick, ready. It was thus used till the seventeenth century. ‘Kean,’ found as ‘Hugh le Kene’ or ‘Joan le Kene,’ implies impetuosity. All these names speak well for the pluck of our forefathers. They are found with tolerable frequency, and naturally have not been suffered to die out for lack of pride. The Norman element, as we see, is strong in these chivalrous sobriquets. Nor is it less so with many other terms of no unpleasant meaning. Our ‘Purefoys’ or ‘Purfeys’ represent the _pure faith_ of their countrymen.[520] Our ‘Parfitts’ are but the quainter form of ‘Perfect.’[521] Our ‘Bones,’ ‘Boons,’ and ‘Bunns’ are but variously corrupted forms of ‘Duran le Bon,’ or ‘Richard le Bone,’ or ‘Alice le Bonne,’ or ‘William le Boon,’ equivalent therefore to the earlier ‘Goods.’ ‘Bunker’ is similarly but ‘Bon-cœur’ (‘William Bonquer,’ O.),[522] our Saxon ‘Goodhart,’ and ‘Bonner,’ and the longer ‘Debonaire’ (‘Philip le Debeneyre,’ A.),[523] our more naturalized ‘Gentle’ (‘William le Gentil,’ M.), ‘Gentilman’ (‘Robert Gentilman,’ V. 1.),[524] and ‘Curteis’ or ‘Curtis’ (‘Walter le Curteys’ J., ‘Richard le Curteis,’ C.), Chaucer says—

All men holde thee for musarde, That debonaire have founden thee.

‘Amiable’ (‘Edward Amiable,’ Z., ‘Joan Amiable,’ Z.) once existed, but in our registers, at least, that sweet grace is now wanting. Equivalent to these latter, but more Saxon in character, come our ‘Hendys’ or ‘Hentys’ (‘Thomas le Hendy,’ F.F., ‘John le Hendy,’ F.F.), a term found in all our early writers, and prettily expressive of that which was gentle and courteous combined. In the ‘Canterbury Tales’ the host reproves the friar for lack of civility to one of the company by saying—

Sire, ye should be _hende_, And curteis as a man of your estate, In company we will have no debate.

In the Hundred Rolls we find a ‘William Hendiman’ occurring, and a ‘John Hende’ was Lord Mayor of London in 1391. We have just mentioned the word ‘musarde.’ This reminds us of our ‘Musards’ (‘Malcolm le Musard,’ M.), who were originally of a dreamy temperament.[525] With our Saxon ‘Moodys’[526] (‘Richard Mody,’ G.), however, their title has fallen in general estimation, the one now denoting, when used at all, a trifling, the other a morose and gloomy disposition. Our ‘Sadds’ (‘Robert Sad,’ H.), too, from being merely serious, sedate folk, have become sorrowful of heart. Our great early poet speaks in the negative sense of—

People unsad and eke untrue,

that is, unstable and fickle. In a short poem, ascribed to Lydgate, pointing out to children their course of behaviour in company, we are told—

Who spekithe to thee in any maner place, Rudely cast not thyn eye adowne, But with a sad cheer look hym in the face.[527]

Here of course sobriety of demeanour, rather than sorrowfulness, is intended.[528] That ‘Henry le Wepere’ (A.), and ‘Peter le Walur’ (A.), and ‘William le Blubere’ (A.), however, must have been of rueful countenance we need not doubt.

Many changes too have passed over the names as well doubtless as over the lives of another section of our nomenclatural community. Our ‘Cunnings,’ we will hope, dated from the time when he who _kenned_ his work well was so entitled without any suspicion of duplicity.[529] Very likely too our ‘Slys’ (‘John Slye,’ H.), and ‘Sleighs’ (‘Simon le Slegh,’ M.), ‘Slees’ (‘Isabella Slee,’ W.G.), and ‘Slemmans’ and Slymans’ were simply remarkable for being honestly dexterous in their several avocations.[530] The ‘mighty hand and outstretched arm’ of modern psalters was once translated ‘a hand that was slegh.’ But as slyness got by degrees but more and more associated with the juggler’s sleight-of-hand tricks, the word fell into disrepute. Such is the invariable effect of keeping bad company. So late, however, as the seventeenth century, one of our commonwealth poets was not misunderstood when he spoke of one whom—

Graver age had made wise and sly.

But the same predisposition to give ‘crafty’ and ‘sly’ and ‘cunning’ and ‘artful’ a dishonest sense has not been therewith content, but must needs throw ridicule upon the unsophisticated and artless natures of our ‘Simples’ (‘Jordan le Simple,’ A.), who would scarcely feel complimented if their surname were to originate in the present day.[531] It is the same with our ‘Seeleys’ (‘Benedict Sely,’ D.) and ‘Selymans’ (‘George Selyman,’ D.), the older forms of ‘Silly’ and ‘Sillyman.’ Perhaps the phrase ‘silly lamb’ is the only one in which we colloquially preserve the former idea of ‘silly,’ that of utter guilelessness. A ‘silly virgin’ with Spenser was no foolish maiden, but one helpless in her innocence, and the ‘silly women’ Shakespeare hints at in his ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ were but inoffensive and unprotected females.[532] ‘Sealey,’ ‘Silly,’ ‘Sillyman,’ and ‘Selyman,’[533] are all pleasant memorials of the earlier sense of this word. Our ‘Quaints’ and ‘Cants’ have gone through a changeful career. They are but the descendants of the old ‘Margaret le Coynte’ or ‘Richard le Queynte,’ from the early French ‘coint,’ neat, elegant. A shadow fell over it, however, and a notion of artfulness becoming attached to the word, to be quaint was to be crafty. Thus Wicklyffe, in his translation of St. Mark’s account of Christ’s betrayal, makes Judas say to the servants of the high priest, ‘Whomever I shall touch, he it is, hold ye him, and lead him warily, or queintly.’ Thus, too, Lawrence Minot, in his ‘Political Songs,’ tells us how—

The King of Berne was _cant_ and kene, But there he lost both play and pride.

Strange to say, the word has well-nigh recovered its original sense, betokening as it does a whimsical and antique prettiness, if not the bare quality itself. Our original ‘Careless’ (‘Antony Careless,’ Z.) was of that happy disposition which the petty worries and anxieties of life do not easily disturb, and, to judge from our nomenclature, he forms but one of a large band of cheery and easy-minded mortals. ‘Joyce,’ that is, ‘Jocose,’ when not a Christian name,[534] and ‘Jolly’ must be set here, not forgetting the older and prettier ‘Jolyffe’ (‘Henry Jolyffe,’ M.). In the ‘Miller’s Tale’ we are told of ‘Absolon,’ how that when at eventide he had taken up his ‘giterne’—

Forth he goth, jolif and amorous,

to the window of his lady-love. ‘Gay’ (‘William le Gay,’ R.), and ‘Blythe’ (‘Richard Blythe,’ Z.),[535] and ‘Merry’ (‘William Merrye,’ Z.), or ‘Merriman’ (‘John Meryman,’ X.), and ‘Gaillard,’ or ‘Gallard,’ or ‘Gayliard,’ or ‘Gaylord’ (‘Nicholas Gaylard,’ T., ‘William Gallard,’ A., ‘Sabina Gaylard,’ H.), must all be placed also in this category.[536] I am not quite sure, however, that the last are without a suspicion of that conviviality which the buxom alewife was but too ready to bestow. Our merry, versatile friend Absolon, whom I have just referred to, among other his unclerkly arts, could play on the ‘giterne’ as well as any ‘galliard tapstere.’ It seems to have been a common epithet, and would readily find a place in our nomenclature, where it is now firmly fixed. Our ‘Merryweathers’ (‘Andrew Meriweder,’ A.) and ‘Fairweathers’ (‘John Fayrweder,’ A.)[537] may seem somewhat difficult of explanation to those who are unaware of the colloquial use of these expressions in former times, ‘Mery-weder’ especially being of the most familiar import. In the ‘Coventry Mysteries’ mention is made of—

Bontyng the Brewster, and Sybyly Slynge, Megge Mery-wedyr, and Sabyn Sprynge.

A happy sunshiny fellow would easily acquire the sobriquet, and indeed both are found at a very early day as such.[538]

Not a few of those expressive terms of endearment, some of which still flourish in our nurseries, have made their mark upon our directories. We have already alluded to our ‘Chittys.’ Our ‘Leafs’ represent the old ‘Alice le Lef’ or ‘Matilda la Lef,’ beloved or dear. We still use it in the well-nigh solitary expression ‘lief as loth,’ but once it was in familiar request. Robert of Brunne, in one of his stories, says—

Blessed be alle poor men, For God Almyghty loveth them: And weyl is them that poor are here, They are with God bothe lefe and dere.

Akin to this latter is ‘Love,’ which, when not the old ‘Robert le Love’ or wolf, is found in composition in not a few instances. ‘Lovekin’ and ‘Lovecock,’ after the remarks made in our first chapter on these terminations, will be readily explainable; and ‘Truelove,’ ‘Derelove,’ ‘Honeylove,’ and ‘Sweetlove’[539] supply us with expletives of so amorous a nature, we can but conjecture them to have arisen through the too publicly proclaimed feelings of their early possessors. ‘Newlove’ sounds somewhat inconstant, ‘Winlove’ attractive.[540] ‘Goodlove,’ ‘Spendlove,’ and ‘Likelove,’ I believe, are now obsolete—a lot, too, which has befallen the hardened ‘Lacklove,’ while our ‘Fulliloves’[541] still declare the brimming affection which belongs to their nature—or at least did to that of their progenitor. But even they are commonplace beside our ‘Waddeloves’ or ‘Waddelows,’ the early form of which, ‘Wade-in-love,’ would seem to tell of some lovesick ancestor so helplessly involved in the meshes cast about him as to have become the object of the unkind sarcasms of his neighbours. A longer and equally curious sobriquet abides in our ‘Wellbeloveds’ and ‘Wellbiloves.’ It is this latter form in which it is found in the ‘Issues of the Exchequer.’[542] The French form of this was ‘Bienayme’ (‘William Bienayme,’ A.), and to some settler of that name upon our shores I suspect it is we owe our ‘Bonamys’ (‘William Bonamy,’ A.). I have just mentioned ‘Sweetlove.’ Associated with this are our simpler ‘Sweets,’ the nursery ‘Sweetcock,’ and ‘Sweetman,’[543] variously corrupted into ‘Sweatman,’ ‘Swetman,’ and ‘Swatman.’ ‘Bawcock’ and ‘Baucock,’ if not from ‘Baldwin,’ will be the endearing ‘beau-coq,’ once in familiar use. Our ‘Follets,’ ‘Follits,’ and ‘Foliots,’ the last the original form, meant nothing more than ‘my foolish one’ or ‘fond one,’ and were very common. They are but varied in the longer ‘Hugh Folenfaunt,’ but I am afraid ‘Walter Fulhardy’ at the same period is less complimentary. ‘Poppet,’ or puppet, once the doll of English infancy, only remains in the gilded and waxen manikins of the showman. The surname, however, abides with us, as does also ‘Poplett.’ The old ‘fere,’ a companion, has left its mark in our ‘Fairs.’ We all remember Byron’s resuscitation of the word. In ‘Troilus and Cressida,’ mention is made of—

Orpheus and Euridice his fere.

Thus ‘Playfair,’ once written ‘Playfere,’ is simply ‘playfellow,’ while the obsolete ‘Makefere’ (‘Hugh Makefare,’ A.) would seem to be but intensive, ‘make’ being the invariable dress with olden writers of our more familiar ‘mate.’[544]

There is something in obtrusive virtue that instinctively repels us. We always like a man’s face to be the index to the book of his heart, but when he would seem to have carefully turned down each leaf for our inspection, we get a revulsion of feeling—we like to look out the page for ourselves. An elevated sense of self-esteem was decidedly approved of by our forefathers, but its too demonstrative exhibition soon showed itself condemned in our ‘Prouds,’ ‘Prouts,’ ‘Proudmans,’ ‘Proudloves,’ and ‘Proudfoots’ (‘Hugh le Proud,’ A., ‘John le Prute,’ H., ‘George Proudelove,’ Z.Z., ‘Robert Prudefot,’ A.). A very interesting name which has escaped the notice of surname hunters is that of ‘Gerish’ or ‘Gerrish,’ both forms being found in our modern directories. They are but the truer representatives of the word ‘garish’ as used by our later poets. Shakespeare’s Juliet, we may remember, apostrophizes Night, and bids her, when Romeo be dead, cut him into stars, and thus—

All the world will be in love with night, And pay no worship to the garish sun.

This splendidly describes the term, expressing as it does that which glares ostentatiously and showily upon the eye. Lydgate, far earlier, had used it thus, in the form of ‘gerysshe;’ and such names as ‘Umfrey le Gerische’ or ‘John le Gerisse,’ found yet more remotely, testify to its once familiar and frequent use. We now talk of a prude as one who exaggerates woman’s innate modesty of demeanour. Formerly it denoted the virtue pure and untravestied. The root, the Latin ‘probus,’ excellent, still remains in our ‘Prudhommes’ (‘William Prodhomme,’ R., ‘Peter Prodhomme,’ A.), with their more commonly corrupted ‘Pridhams’ and ‘Prudames’ and ‘Prudens,’[545] a sobriquet which once referred simply to the honest and guileless uprightness of their owners. How truly do such words as these remind us of the poor estimate man, after all, forms of himself. Man often rebels at the declaration of Revelation that he is a fallen being, and yet how strongly does he assert this fact in the changes he himself has made in the meaning of words. Our ‘Bauds’ (‘William le Baud,’ B., ‘Wauter le Baud,’ M.) were once but the Norman equivalent of our ‘Merrys’ already mentioned.[546] Must lightness of heart inevitably end in wanton levity? There was a day when our ‘Parramores’ (‘Roger Paramour,’ M.; ‘Henry Parramore,’ Z.)[547] were but the simple honest lover of either sex, when our ‘Lemons,’ ‘Lemans,’ and ‘Lemmans’ (‘Eldred Leman,’ A., ‘John Leman,’ M.) meant but the beloved one from ‘lief,’ ‘dear.’ Both Chaucer and Piers Plowman employ the term ‘lef-man’ or ‘leef-man’ as an expression of endearment, with no thought of obloquy. Thus, too, in the ‘Townley Mysteries,’ God is represented as bidding Gabriel to go to Nazareth—

And hail that madyn, my lemman, As heyndly (courteously) as thou can.

Still, so early as the days of Gower, its corrupted _leman_ had become a sobriquet for one of loose, disorderly habits.[548]

(2) _Nicknames from Peculiarities of Disposition—Objectionable._

The mention of such names as ‘Baud,’ ‘Parramore,’ ‘Leman’ or ‘Lemon,’ ‘Proud,’ ‘Proudman,’ and ‘Proudfoot,’ which we have charitably set in the list of complimentary nicknames, as having, perchance, risen at a time when the meaning of the words conveyed a totally different idea from that which they now convey, brings us to the category of those which can scarcely seek any shelter of such a kind. ‘Lorel,’ ‘Lurdan,’ and ‘Lordan,’ together with the once familiar ‘losel’ and ‘losard,’ denoted a waif, or stray, one who preyed upon society, exactly identical, in fact, with the Latin ‘perditus.’ Thus we find Herod, in the ‘Townley Mysteries,’ saying to his officers—

Fie, losels and lyars, lurdans each one, Tratours and well worse, knaves, but knyghts none.

‘Cocke Lorelle,’ too, speaks of—

Lollers, lordaynes, and fagot berers, Luskes, slovens, and kechen knaves.

Cotgrave explains a ‘loricard’ to mean a _luske_, _lowt_, or _lorell_. This _luske_, from the old French _lasque_, or _lache_—slothful—though now wholly obsolete, did much duty formerly. The adjective _luskish_ and the substantive _luskishness_ are often found. In law _lache_ still survives as a term for culpable remissness. Our ‘Laches,’ ‘Lashes,’ ‘Laskies,’ and ‘Lusks,’ I am afraid, therefore, come of but an indifferent ancestry. Nor can anything better be said of our ‘Paillards’ or ‘Pallards.’ We still talk of a ‘pallet,’ the old ‘paillet,’ or straw bed, from ‘paille,’ chaff. A paillard was a cant term for a lie-a-bed.

By ‘ribaldry’ we always mean that which is foul-mouthed in expression. This was ever its implication. A ‘ribaud,’ or ‘ribaut’ belonged to the very scum of society. He was a man who hung on to the skirts of the nobility by doing all their more infamous work for them. Chaucer, wishing to comprise in one sentence the highest and the lowest grades of society, speaks in his ‘Romance’ of ‘king, knighte, or ribaude.’ ‘William le Ribote,’ therefore, mentioned in the ‘Chapter House Records of Westminster,’ or ‘William Ribaud’ (W. 15), could not have borne the best of characters, I am afraid. Although not quite so degraded in the world’s esteem as some of these last, we may here include our ‘Gedlings,’ reminiscences of the old ‘Gadling’ or ‘Gedling,’ one who gadded about from door to door to talk the gossip and scandal—the modern tattler, in fact. Our former ‘Gerard le Gaburs’ and ‘Stephen le Gabbers’ were equally talkative, if not such ramblers. As overmuch talking and jesting always beget a suspicion of overstretching the truth, so was it here. Wicklyffe uses ‘gabbing’ in the sense of lying, and an old poem says:—

Alle those false chapmen The fiend them will habbe, Bakeres and breowares For alle men they gabbe.[549] (_A litel soth Sermun._)

In the North of England, I need scarcely add, this is the ordinary and colloquial sense of the term to the present day. The name of ‘John Totiller’ might well-nigh induce us to believe that teetotalism was not unknown by that name at this period, but it is not so. A ‘totiller’ was a ‘whisperer’ of secrets. In the ‘Legend of Good Women,’ one says to the God of Love—

In ye court is many a losengeour And many a queinte totoler accusour.

The name of ‘Dera Gibelot’ or ‘John Gibbelote’[550] reminds us of a term now obsolete, but once familiar as denoting a giddy, flighty girl.[551] It is found in various forms, the commonest being that of ‘giglot.’[552] Mr. Halliwell quotes an old proverb by way of adding a further variation—

The smaller pesun (peas), the more to pott, The fayrer woman the more gylott.

I would, however, suggest this as but the pet form of ‘Gill,’ mentioned in my chapter on Christian names. In either case the meaning is the same. An often met with sobriquet in the fourteenth century is that of ‘Robert le Burgulion,’ or ‘Geoffrey le Burgillon,’ the old term for a braggart. It is now, however, wholly obsolete. ‘Robert le Lewed,’ or ‘William le Lewed,’ is also lost to our directories, and certainly would be an unpleasant appellation in the nineteenth century. Its general meaning four hundred years ago, however, was its more literal one, that of simplicity or ignorance. It is connected with our word ‘lay’ as opposed to ‘cleric,’ and arose at a time when knowledge was all but entirely in the hands of the clergy. Thus in the ‘Pardoner’s Tale’ it is said—

Lewed people loven tales olde, Such things can they wel report and holde.

Such a name then, we may trust, implied nothing beyond a lack of knowledge in respect of its possessor. ‘William Milksop,’ or ‘Thomas Milkesop,’ or ‘Maurice Ducedame’ were but types of a class of dandified and effeminate beings who have ever existed, but even their names would be more acceptable than those which fell to ‘Robert le Sot,’ or ‘Maurice Druncard,’ or ‘Jakes Drynk-ale,’[553] or ‘Geoffrey Dringkedregges,’[554] or ‘Thomas Sourale.’[555] It is evident that there were those who were disposed to follow the dictate of at least one portion of the old rhyme—

Walke groundly, talke profoundly, Drinke roundly, sleape soundly.

‘Ralph Sparewater,’ I fear, was a man of dirty habits, while ‘John Klenewater’ was a model of cleanliness.

But we have not yet done with sobriquets of an unpleasant nature. Men of miserly and penurious habits seem to have flourished in plentiful force in olden days as well as the present. ‘Irenpurse’ figures several times in early rolls, and would be a strong, if somewhat rough, sarcasm against the besetting weakness of its first possessor. ‘Lovegold’ is equally explicable. ‘Pennifather,’ however, was the favourite title of such. An old couplet says—

The liberall doth spend his pelfe, The pennyfather wastes himself.

It is found in the various forms of ‘Penifader,’ ‘Panyfader,’ and ‘Penifadir,’ in the fourteenth century. ‘Pennypurse,’[556] ‘Halfpeny,’ and ‘Turnpeny’[557] are met with at the same time, and somewhat later on ‘Thickpeny.’ ‘Broadpeny,’ ‘Manypenny,’ now corrupted into ‘Moneypeny,’ ‘Winpeny,’ now also found as ‘Wimpenny,’ ‘Pinchpenny,’ with its more directly Norman ‘Pinsemaille,’ and ‘Kachepeny,’ with its equally foreign ‘Cache-maille,’ are all also of the same early date, and with one or two exceptions are to be met with to this very day.[558] It is a true criticism which, as is noticed by Archbishop Trench, has marked the _miserly_ as indeed the emphatically _miserable_ soul. ‘Whirlepeny’ is now extinct, but alone, so far as my researches go, existed formerly to remind men that the spendthrift character is equally subversive of the true basis of human happiness.[559] Several names combined with ‘peck’ and ‘pick,’ as ‘Peckcheese,’ ‘Peckbean,’ ‘Peckweather,’ and ‘Pickbone,’ seem to be expressive of the gluttonous habits of the possessors, but it is possible they may be but the moral antecedents of our modern ‘Pecksniffs’![560]

Our ‘Starks’ and ‘Starkies,’ if not ‘Starkmans,’ represent a word which can hardly be said to exist in our vocabulary, since it now but survives in certain phrases, such as ‘stark-mad,’ or ‘stark-naked.’ We should never say a man was ‘stark’ simply. A forcible word, it once expressed the rude untutored nature of anything. Thus, on account of his unbridled passion, the Bastard King is termed in the Saxon chronicle ‘a stark man, and very savage,’ while just before he is asserted to be ‘stark beyond all bounds to them who withsaid his will.’ Thus it will be akin to such names as ‘Walter le Wyld,’[561] or ‘Warin Cruel,’ or ‘Ralph le Ferce,’ or ‘John le Savage,’ or ‘William le Salvage,’ or ‘Adelmya le Sauvage,’ or ‘William Ramage.’ Chaucer speaks somewhere of a ‘ramage goat.’

III.—MISCELLANEOUS.

(1) _Nicknames from the Animal and Vegetable Kingdom._

Mr. Lower, in his ‘English Surnames,’ gives a long list of names from what he calls vegetable productions, but, although he does not say so, I am confident he would be the first to admit that the great majority of those which he instances should really be set among our local surnames. For example, he includes ‘Cherry,’ ‘Broome,’ ‘Bramble,’ ‘Ferne,’ ‘Holyoak,’ ‘Peach,’ ‘Rowntree,’ in this category. While ‘Cherry’ and ‘Peach’ might possibly be sobriquets of complexion, the manifest course is to look upon them as of local origin. So persuaded am I of this, after a long perusal of mediæval records, that I shall notice but some half-dozen names from the vegetable kingdom, and only those of which I can find memorials in past registers. This is a place which of all others might well tempt me to run riot among our directories, and collect a curious list from our present existing nomenclature; but I would even here persistently adhere to the idea with which I set out, and to which I have mainly been true, viz., to instance names about which I can speak somewhat positively, because I have found them imbedded in the nomenclature of the period in which surnames had their rise. ‘Blanchflower,’ ‘Lilywhite,’ and ‘Boutflower’ I have already dealt with. ‘Robert Daisye’ occurs in the ‘Trial of Dame Alice Kyteler’ (Cam. Soc.), ‘Nicholas Pescodde’ in the ‘Proceedings in Chancery’ (Elizabeth), ‘Godfrey Gingivre’ (Ginger) in the ‘Writs of Parliament,’[562] ‘Geoffrey Peppercorn’ in the Hundred Rolls, ‘Robert Primerose’ and ‘Sara Garlek’ in the ‘History of Norfolk’ (Blomefield), and ‘Roger Pluckerose’ and ‘John Pullrose’ in a Sussex Roll of 1296.[563] I doubt whether more than one or two of these can be said rightly to belong to the nickname class. As sign-names—for I feel assured they thus arose—they will have their place in our second chapter on ‘Local Names.’[564]

But when we come to the Animal Kingdom we are on clearer and more definite ground. The local class must undoubtedly embrace a large number of these names, as such an entry as ‘William atte Roebuck’ (M.), or ‘Richard de la Vache’ (A.), or ‘Thomas atte Ram’ (N.), or ‘John de la Roe’ (O.), or ‘Gilbert de la Hegle’ (A.), or ‘Hugh atte Cokke’ (B.), or ‘Walter de Whitehorse’ (C.), or ‘John atte Gote’ (M.) dearly testifies. But on the other hand we find a class, set by which the last is insignificant—a class which has its own entries—‘William le Got’ (A.), ‘Katerina le Cok’ (B.), ‘Alicia le Ro’ (A.), ‘Philip la Vache’ (C.), or ‘Joachim le Ram’ (T.), corresponding to the former, only differing in that such entries are vastly more numerous and embrace a wider range, taking in, in fact, the whole genus and species that belong alike to ‘the fish of the sea, the fowl of the air, the cattle, and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.’ In dealing with this large and varied assortment of sobriquets, I would say then that, where there is no proof positive to the contrary, the course is to survey a name of this class as referable to three distinct origins, and I put them in the following order of probability:—1. A nickname taken from that animal whose generally understood habits seemed to bear affinity to those of the nominee. 2. A local sign-name. 3. An heraldic device. With these preliminary statements, let us proceed.

As we find all the moral qualities seized upon to give individuality to the possessors, so, too, we find the names of animals whose peculiarities gave pretext for the sobriquets pressed into the service of our nomenclature. In our earlier Pagan history it had been the wont of Saxon fathers to style their children by the names of such beasts as from their nobler qualities it was hoped the little one would one day copy. The same fashion still existed, only that the nickname as the exponent of popular feeling was really more or less appropriate to him who was made to bear it. In the latter case, too, it was the ridiculous aspects of character that were most eagerly caught at. Our general vocabulary is not without traces of this custom. We still term a shrewish wife a _vixen_, _i.e._ a she fox. Men of a vile, mean character are rascals, _i.e._ lean deer; and rough boys are _urchins_,[565] a corruption of the old _herison_, or hedgehog. Applying this to surnames, we come first to

(_a_) _Beasts._—Our ‘Bests,’ when not local, are but the ‘Richard le Bestes’ or ‘Henry le Bestes’ of the thirteenth century. Their superlative excellence is therefore imaginary, I fear, but we may be permitted to hope that they are what they appear. ‘Edith Beest,’ in the sixteenth century, is nearer our modern form. Our ‘Oliphants,’ ‘Olivants,’ and ‘Ollivants’ represent but the elephant, and owe their origin, doubtless, to the huge and ungainly proportions of some early ancestor. In the ‘Romance of Alexander’ is a strange description of the fabled monoceros, which would seem to have been a kind of potpourri of all other beasts, for besides a tail like a hog, tusks like a dog, and a head like a hart’s—

Made is his cors After the forme of a hors, Fete after _olifant_, certis.[566]

This sobriquet, in a day when size and strength went for much, does not seem to have been thought objectionable, for its owners have left issue enough to prevent its ever falling into abeyance.[567] Thus we see we may meet with elephants every day in our streets without going to the Zoological Gardens for them. Our ‘Lions’ (‘Richard Lion,’ V. 2) and ‘Lyons,’ when not local,[568] speak doubtless for the brave heart of some early progenitor. Our ‘Bears,’ relics of ‘Richard le Bere’ (A.) or ‘Lawrence le Bere’ (M.), as a reflection upon a surly temper, would be less complimentary, or perhaps the original nominee wore his hair shaggy and long. A fierce disposition would meet with rebuke or praise, as the case might be, in such a sobriquet as ‘John Lepard,’ or ‘Tiger,’ now all but obsolete, saving for our striped and liveried youths; or ‘Wolf’ (‘Elena le Wolfe,’ A., ‘Philip le Wolf,’ M.), with its more Norman ‘Lupe’[569] (‘Robert le Lupe,’ B.), or ‘Lovel’[570] or ‘Love’ (‘Robert le Love,’ A.), the latter being in flat contradiction to the usually ascribed instincts of the animal. Timidity or reserve, or perchance fleetness of foot, would soon find itself exalted in ‘Geoffrey le Hare,’ ‘Reginalde le Raye,’ ‘Walter le Buk,’ ‘Hobart le Hart,’ ‘Dorothie le Stagge,’ ‘Henry Rascal,’[571] ‘William le Do,’ or ‘Alicia le Ro,’ the ancestors of our ‘Hares,’ ‘Rays,’ or ‘Wrays,’ ‘Bucks,’[572] ‘Harts,’ ‘Stags,’ ‘Does,’ or ‘Roes,’ of legal notoriety, and ‘Prickets.’ That old spoiler of hen-roosts, the polecat, has left us in ‘Fitch’ and ‘Fitchett’ no very happy relationship of ideas. Craftiness would be very properly stigmatised in ‘Henry le Fox’ or ‘John le Tod,’ and a ‘John le Renaud’ occurring in the Parliamentary Rolls reminds us that some of our ‘Renauds’ and ‘Renards’ may be more closely associated with this wily denizen of our forest fastnesses than they think. The _badger_ has originated ‘Walter le Broc’ or ‘Henry le Brok’ (now Brock); the _beaver_ ‘John le Bever,’ or ‘John le Bevere’ (now Beaver).[573] The _rabbit_ gave us ‘Henry Cony’ and ‘John Conay;’ the _weasel_ ‘Mathew le Martun’ (now Marten); the _mole_ ‘Walter le Want’ (now Want); the nimble haunter of our forest boughs ‘Thomas le Squyrelle’ (now Squirrell), and the _otter_ ‘Alan Otere,’ or ‘Edward Oter’ (now Otter).

Nor must we forget the farmyard and its accessories, which, as we might readily presume, are well represented. ‘Alice le Buie,’ or ‘William le Buie’ (now Bull), is a sobriquet which has now such a firm place as symbolic of our national character that we need not show to what peculiarities of temperament they owed their name. ‘Simon le Steer,’ ‘Peter le Vache,’ with its Saxon ‘Thomas le Cu’ or ‘Ralph le Cou,’ ‘Richard le Calf’[574] ‘Godwin le Bulloc,’ ‘Peter le Stot,’ ‘Roger le Colt,’ are all of common occurrence, and still abide with us. ‘Roger le Mule,’ as representative of obstinacy, we might have suspected, would have become early obsolete, but it still survives.[575] ‘Robert le Veyle,’ or ‘William le Veel,’ now written ‘Veale,’ ‘Philip le Mutton,’ and ‘John le Bœuf,’ or ‘Robert le Bef,’[576] carry us back to the day when these several terms denoted the living animal. Thus, with respect to the last, Burton in his ‘Anatomy,’ translating Plautus, says—

Like other cooks I do not supper dress, That put whole meadows into a platter, And make no better of their guests than beeves, With herbs and grass to feed them fatter.—p. 69.

Alongside our ‘Muttons’ we may place our ‘William le Lambs’ and ‘Richard le Lombs,’[577] and if they were remarkable for their meek disposition, playfulness, I doubt not, was equally characteristic of our ‘Reginald Kidds’ and ‘Cheevers,’ relics of the old ‘Henry le Chivre’ or goat. I am afraid the connexion of ideas that gave rise to such sobriquets as were represented by ‘Alice le Hog,’ ‘John le Bacun,’[578] ‘William le Gryse,’ ‘Gilbert Galt,’ ‘Walter Pigge,’[579] ‘Roger Sugge,’ ‘Richard le Bor’ (Boar), ‘Richard Wildbore,’ ‘John Pork,’ and ‘John Purcell’ (little porker, that is), is not of the pleasantest—terms, too, as they are, all familiar to our directories to this present day. Several of these words are now colloquially obsolete. ‘Grice,’ I fancy, is one such. We still speak of the ‘griskin.’ Locally it comes in such names as ‘Grisdale’ and ‘Griswood.’ As a sobriquet of the animal, it was quite familiar in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Piers Plowman says—

Cokes and their knaves Cryden, ‘Hote pies, hote! Goode gees and grys!’

‘Sug’ was provincial for ‘sow,’ and comes in the local ‘Sugden’ mentioned in my first chapter. Richard III. was sometimes styled the ‘Boar’ or ‘Hog.’ It was in allusion to this that the rhyme got abroad—

The Rat, the Cat, and Lovel the Dog, Rule all England under the Hog.

The first two referred of course to _Rat_cliffe and _Cat_esby. But the mention of these reminds us of our household pets and indoor foes. ‘Elias le Cat,’ or ‘Adam le Kat,’ or ‘Milo le Chat’ still boasts descendants, and the same can be said for ‘Nicholas Dogge,’ or ‘Eborard le Kenn,’ or ‘Thomas le Chen.’ The usual forms are Catt, Ken, and Kenn. In our _kennel_ we still preserve a memorial of this Norman-introduced word. Our ‘Hunds’ and ‘Hounds’ are but the old ‘Gilbert le Hund’ or ‘William le Hund,’ and carry us to the forest and the chase. The especial bugbear of cat and dog alike found remembrance in our early ‘Nicholas le Rat’ and ‘Walter le Rat,’ or ‘Ralph Ratun,’[580] and in ‘John le Mous,’ ‘Hugh le Mus,’ or ‘Richard Mowse.’ ‘Ratton,’ ‘Ratt,’ and ‘Mowse’ still exist. With one more name we conclude. Through Spain and the Moors of Barbary monkeys were early introduced for the amusement of the English people. In the ‘Miller’s Tale’ it is said of Alison—

And thus she maketh Absolom her ape, And all his earnest turneth to a gape.[581]

that is, she was wont to make a fool of him. The sobriquet is found in such an entry as ‘John le Ape,’ registered in the Hundred Rolls, or ‘John Jackanapes,’ in the Parliamentary Writs.

(_b_) _Birds._—The surname that represents the genus is ‘Bird,’ the name being met with as ‘John le Bryd’ or ‘David le Brid,’ a pronunciation still in vogue in many parts of England. Falconry has given us many sobriquets of this class. Accustomed as our fathers were to seeing the fierce and eager instincts of the bird, to nickname a man of rapacious and grasping habits by such a term as ‘John le Kyte,’ or ‘William le Hawk,’ or ‘Richard le Falcon,’ would be the most natural thing in the world. And just as the difference in breed and disposition in these birds themselves gave rise to separate definitions, so an imagined resemblance to these distinct qualities must have originated such different names as ‘Muskett,’ ‘Buzzard,’ ‘Puttock,’[582] ‘Goshawk,’ ‘Tassell,’ ‘Gleed,’ or ‘Glide,’[583] and ‘Sparrowhawk,’ or ‘Spark,’ or ‘Sparke,’ as it is now more generally spelt. So early as Chaucer, however, this last was written ‘Spar-hawk,’[584] and that once gained the further contraction in our nomenclature became inevitable. Thus was it with other birds. Did a man develop such propensities as showiness, then he was nicknamed ‘Jay;’ if pride, ‘Peacock’ or ‘Pocock,’ as it was once pronounced; if guile, ‘Rook;’ if pertness, ‘Pye,’ with its diminutive ‘Pyet’ or ‘Pyett;’ if garrulity, ‘Parrott’ or ‘Parratt;’ if he was a votary of song he was styled ‘Nightingale’ or ‘Lark,’ or in its more antique dress ‘Laverock’ or ‘Woodlark,’ or ‘Finch,’ or ‘Bulfinch,’ or ‘Goldfinch,’ or ‘Chaffinch,’ or ‘Spink,’ or ‘Goldspink,’ or ‘Thrush,’ or ‘Thrussel,’ or ‘Cuckoo.’ If jauntiness displayed itself in his actions he was nicknamed ‘Cock’ or ‘Cockerell’ or ‘Chauntecler;’ if homeliness, ‘Sparrow;’ if tenderness, ‘Pigeon’ or ‘Dove,’ and so on with our ‘Swans,’ ‘Herons,’ ‘Cootes,’ ‘Gulls,’ ‘Storks,’ ‘Ravens,’ ‘Crows,’ ‘Speights,’ ‘Cranes,’ ‘Capons,’ ‘Henns,’ ‘Chickens,’[585] ‘Ducks,’ ‘Duckerells,’ ‘Drakes,’ ‘Sheldrakes’ or ‘Sheldricks,’ ‘Wildgooses,’ ‘Mallards’ (_i.e._ wild duck), ‘Gooses’ or ‘Goss’s,’[586] ‘Greygooses,’ ‘Goslings,’[587] ‘Ganders,’ ‘Woodcocks,’ ‘Partridges,’ ‘Partricks,’ ‘Pheasants,’ or ‘Fesants,’ as once spelt, and ‘Blackbirds.’[588] These are names ornithologically familiar to us. Many a pretty name, however, once on the common tongue but now obsolete, or well-nigh so, still abides in our surnames. Thus our ‘Popjays’ still preserve the remembrance of the once common _popinjay_ or parrot, ‘the popinjay, full of delicasy,’ as Chaucer styles her.[589] In ‘Culver’ or ringdove we are reminded of the pathetic story of Philomine, where the same writer likens her to

the lamb that of the wolf is bitten, Or as the culver, that of the eagle is smitten.[590]

Our ‘Ruddocks’ or ‘Ruddicks’ (‘Ralph Ruddoc,’ A.), again, are but the old _ruddock_ or robin-redbreast, ‘the tame ruddock,’ as he is termed in the ‘Assembly of Fowls.’ The hedge-sparrow still lives represented by our ‘Pinnocks’ or ‘Pinnicks’ ‘John Pynnock’ (G.), ‘Richard Pinnoc’ (A.)—

Thus in the pinnick’s nest the cuckoo lays, Then, easy as a Frenchman, takes her flight.

So an old writer says. Our ‘Turtles’ (‘Roger Turtle’ D.) are but pleasant memorials of the bird that has been so long emblematic of constancy, the dove; our ‘Challenders,’ if not a corruption of ‘Callender,’ are representatives of the _chelaunder_ or goldfinch, so often mentioned by early poets; and in our ‘Woodalls,’ ‘Woodales,’ and ‘Woodwalls,’ not to say some of our ‘Woodwells,’ we are but reminded of the _woodwale_, the early woodpecker. Our ‘Rains’ are but the old ‘Robert or William le Rain,’ another term for the same;[591] while our ‘Stars’ and ‘Stares’ (‘Robert Stare,’ A.) carry us back to the day when the starling was so familiarly styled. In the ‘Assembly of Fowls’ the author speaks of—

The false lapwing, full of trecherie, The _stare_, that the counsaile can beurie.

In the ‘Romance of the Rose’ a list of birds is given embracing many of the above—

For there was many a bird singing, Throughout the yard all thringing, In many places were nightingales, Alpes, finches, and wodewales, That in their sweet song delighten, In thilke (such) places as they habiten. There might men see many flocks of turtles, and laverocks, Chelaundres fele (many) saw I there, That very nigh forsongen were (tired of singing).

Every one of these birds so styled is still to be met with in our directories, for even the _alpe_ or bull-finch is not absent. It is only in the investigation of subjects like this we see how great are the changes that creep over a people’s language. What a list of words is this, which if uttered now would fall dead and meaningless upon the ear of the listener, and yet they were once familiar as household words.

(_c_) _Fish._—‘John le Fysche’ or ‘William Fyske’ have left descendants enough to prove that many a Fish can live out of water, although much has been advanced to the contrary. At a time when the peasants lived daily on the products of the inland streams and sandy sea-banks, and when the supply was infinitely more plentiful than it is now, we can easily perceive the naturalness of the sobriquets that belong to this class. Terms that are all but obsolete to us now, were household words then. Hence it is that we find our directories of to-day abounding with such entries as ‘Whale,’[592] ‘Shark,’ ‘Dolphin,’ Herring,’[593] ‘Codde,’ ‘Codling,’ ‘Salmon,’[594] ‘Trout,’ ‘Mackarel,’ ‘Grayling,’ ‘Smelt,’ ‘Pilchard,’ ‘Whiting,’ ‘Turbot,’[595] ‘Keeling,’ ‘Crabbe,’ ‘Chubb,’[596] ‘Tench,’[597] ‘Pike,’ and ‘Pickerel.’ ‘John Sturgeon’ is mentioned by Foxe in his ‘Martyrology,’ under date 1541, and still remains. The Hundred Rolls contain a ‘William Lampreye.’ ‘Barnacle’ is still common, and ‘Mussell’ and ‘Spratt’[598] are not unknown. But perhaps the most curious of these early nicknames are those belonging to ‘Matilda le Welke’ and ‘William Welkeshorn.’ Probably they were notorious for a weakness towards that mollusk, which is still eaten in large quantities in some parts of England.

(_d_) _Insects and Reptiles._—This is not a large class. The Hundred Rolls furnish us with a ‘Magge Flie’ and an ‘Oda[599] Flie.’ The same records contain a ‘Margaret Gnatte’ and a ‘William Gnatte.’ ‘Baldewin Bugg’ (B.) and ‘Bate Bugge’ (A.) are also found, but although the question has been asked—

If a party had a voice, What mortal would be a Bugg by choice,

I fancy the cognomen is local, one of the endless forms, like ‘Brough,’ ‘Burgh,’ ‘Burkes,’ of the old ‘Borough.’ ‘Roger le Waps’[600] reminds us of the still existing provincialism for wasp, and ‘William Snake’ or ‘John Frog’ would be as little acceptable.[601] The smallest and most repulsive insect we have, the parasitic louse, is found in ‘Nicholas le Lus’ (J.), but our directories have now got rid of it—an example that might be followed with no small advantage in other quarters.

(2) _Descriptive Compounds affixed as Nicknames._

But in an age like that of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries we cannot imagine that society would be merely required to come under a verbal castigation such as, after all, did nothing more than strike off the names of the animals that entered into Noah’s Ark. To call a man a ‘wolf’ or a ‘bull’ or a ‘grayling’ or a ‘salmon’ or a ‘peacock,’ after all, is not very dreadful. Terms of a more compound form, sobriquets more minutely anatomical, are also met with, the unpleasantness of which is proved by the fact of so few of them having come down to us, while not a small portion, as not fit for ears polite, must be altogether left in their obscurity. There are others, however, of which none need to be ashamed. For instance, the kingly denomination of ‘Quer-de-lyun’ (‘Ralph Querdelyun,’ T., ‘William Querdelion,’ X.),[602] found in several lists, could not but be agreeable, while ‘Dan-de-lyun,’ or ‘lion-toothed’ (‘William Daundelyun,’ B.), would be in thorough harmony with the spirit of the age. ‘Colfox’ (‘Thomas Colfox,’ Z.), still existing, would be less pleasant. The term ‘fox’ is supposed in itself to be synonymous with deceit, but the intensive ‘col-fox’ or ‘deceitful-fox’ must have implied duplicity indeed! Chaucer, in his ‘Nunn’s Story,’ speaks of

A col fox full of sleigh iniquity.

‘Clenehog’ (‘William Clenehog,’ A.) or ‘Clenegrise’ (‘Roger Clenegrise,’ A.) would seem to be a sarcasm upon the dirty habits of its early owner, while ‘Piggesflesh’ (‘Reyner Piggesflesh,’ M.) or Hoggesflesh’ (‘Margery Hoggesflesh,’ Z.)[603] is as obviously intended to be a reflection upon the general appearance. ‘Herring’ (‘Robert Heryng,’ A.), already mentioned, is not objectionable, but ‘Goodherring’ (‘Adam Godharing,’ A.) and ‘Redherring’[604] (‘William Redhering,’ M.) are. ‘Fish’ one would not for a moment find fault with, but few young ladies, I imagine, would be found to face at the matrimonial altar a ‘John Pourfishe’ (M.). Objection, too, if not by the fair inamorata, yet by her parents, would be raised, I suspect, to an alliance with a ‘Roger Feldog,’ or ‘Thomas Catsnose,’ or ‘William Cocksbrain,’ or ‘Robert Calvesmaw,’ or ‘Peter Buckeskyn,’ or ‘Arnulph Dogmaw,’ or ‘Henry Crowfoot,’ or ‘Matthew Goosebeak,’ or ‘John Bullhead.’[605] Talking of the last, however, it is interesting to notice how much the bull has entered into compounds of this kind. Thus we light upon such names as ‘Walter Oyl-de-beof’ or ‘William Oldbeof,’ that is, bull-eyed; ‘Ralph Front-de-bœuf,’ that is, bull-faced; ‘John Cors-de-bœuf’ or ‘Thomas Cordebeofe,’ that is, bull-bodied; ‘John Queer-de-bœf,’ that is, bull-hearted, or ‘Amice le Wildebœf’ or ‘Nicholas Waldebeof,’ seemingly like ‘Wild-bore,’ referring to some wild untutored characteristics of the bearer. In all these the genius of the age is quite apparent, and probably not one was looked upon as otherwise than complimentary. ‘William Scorchebouef’ was evidently some unlucky young kitchener who had mismanaged his duties as spit-turner, but it betrays the process by which the term ‘bœuf’ has come into its present position of verbal usefulness. In this light ‘Cors-de-bœuf’ also is further interesting as reminding us that there was a time when ‘corpse’ did not necessarily imply the inanimate frame. ‘Behold, they were all dead corpses,’ found in our Authorized Version, was no tautology, it would appear, even in the seventeenth century. Thus do changes creep over the lives of words as well as men.

We might fill a book with these descriptive compounds—surnames so whimsical, so absurdly humorous that they manifestly could not live. For instance, we meet in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries with such a sobriquet as ‘William Hondeshakere,’ which no doubt spoke for the hearty goodwill of its easy possessor. ‘Geoffry Chese-and-brede’ seems to refer to the peculiar taste of its owner, while ‘Arnold Scutelmouth’ would be a sarcasm on personal capacity for such things. ‘Alan Swet-in-bedde’ would not be an acceptable cognomen, nor ‘William Badneighbour,’ nor ‘Thomas Two-year-olde,’ nor ‘Geoffrey Dringkedregges,’ nor ‘Anna Hellicate’ (hell-cat).[606] ‘Alice Gude-ale-house’ was evidently a homely landlady, who kept her tavern in good repute by assiduous attention and good-humoured ways. ‘William Kepegest’ would seem to bespeak the kindly cheer of more private hospitality, while ‘John Drybread,’ if not stingy, was doubtless crusty. ‘John Ratelle-bagge,’ or ‘John Leve-to-day,’ or ‘Serle Go-to-Kirk,’ or ‘Thomas Horsenail,’ or ‘John Lightharness,’ or ‘Richard Myldew,’ or ‘John Buckleboots,’ or ‘Edward Tortoise-shell,’[607] or ‘John Hornbuckle,’ while conveying no slight upon the character, would be obnoxious enough as surnames. Our ‘Doolittles,’ ‘Lovejoys,’ ‘Scattergoods,’ ‘Makepeaces,’ and ‘Hatewrongs’ belong to this same category. A large and varied assortment of this class will be found in the notes to this chapter, and to them I refer the reader. They are of a class which were especially popular at the time of which we are writing. Many of them are used as expletives in the railing poets and writers of the period. For instance, the author of ‘Cocke Lorelle’s Bote’ speaks of—

‘Slingthrift Fleshmonger,’ Also ‘Fabian Flatterer,’ and ‘Cicely Claterer,’ With ‘Adam Averus,’ flail-swinger, And ‘Francis Flaproach,’ ... With ‘Giles Unreste,’ mayor of Newgate, And ‘Lewis Unlusty, the leesing-monger.’ Here is ‘Will Wily,’ the mill-pecker (thief), And ‘Patrick Peevish,’ hairbeater, With ‘Davy Drawlatch’[608] of Rockingham. Also ‘Hick Crookneck,’ the rope-maker, And ‘Steven Measellmouth,’ mussell-taker, With ‘Gogle-eyed Thompson,’ shepster of Lynn.

The above selection of fancy names will give us a fair idea of the kind of sobriquet which went down with the lower orders during the Angevine and Plantagenet dynasties.

But the largest branch of descriptive compounds is yet to be mentioned. We find not a few instances where names of simple relationship or occupation or office, or even, we may add, of patronymic character, having become compounded with adjectives expressive of the feeling of those with whom the nominee had to deal, naturally place themselves under this same category. These, so far as they have come down to us, are generally of a favourable, or at least harmless, description. Thus, to notice Christian names first, this has especially been the case with ‘John.’ Probably as this sobriquet grew into favour the practice became the means of distinguishing between several of the same title. Thus, as I hinted in my previous chapter, if John were doughty, he became ‘Prujean,’[609] that is, preux-jean; if fat, ‘Grosjean;’ if young, ‘Youngjohn;’[610] if clownish, ‘Hobjohn;’ if big, ‘Micklejohn;’ if small, ‘Littlejohn,’[611] or ‘Petitjean;’[612] if of a sunburnt countenance, ‘Brownjohn;’[613] and if comely or well proportioned, ‘Properjohn;’ thus preserving a once familiar sense of ‘proper,’ which we may meet with in such an olden phrase as a ‘proper knight,’ or in our present Authorized Scripture Version, where our translators make St. Paul speak of Moses in his infancy as a ‘proper child.’[614] Lastly, we have the estimable ‘Bonjohn,’ the origin, I doubt not, of ‘Bunyon’ and ‘Bunyan,’ the familiar bearer of the latter form of which we shall all doubtless admit to be well worthy his name. It is happy chance that when we speak, as we often do, of ‘_good John_ Bunyan,’ we simply give him a reduplication of that very title which none more richly merits than he. In 1310 there was a ‘Jon Bonjon’ in London, and still earlier than this a ‘Durand le Bon Johan’ figures in the Hundred Rolls.[615] Several others we may mention, more Saxon in their character, and all long obsolete, save one. Indeed, I doubt not they died with their original possessors. These are ‘Robert Good-robert’ (P.) and ‘Richard White-richard’ (J.), ‘William Holy-peter’ (A.) ‘William Jolif-will’ (A.) (_i.e._ ‘Jolly-Will’),[616] and ‘William Prout-pierre’ (M.). ‘William Goodhugh’ (M.), however, has contrived to hold his own, unless, as Mr. Lower thinks, it belongs not to this category, but one I have already surveyed, that regarding complexion. Its early form of ‘Godhewe’ would seem perhaps to favour his notion. Names of this class, however, are rare. When we come to occupation the instances are much more common. Thus if we have ‘Husband,’ who doubtless owes his origin to his economical rather than his marital position, we have, besides, ‘Younghusband’—in his day, I dare say, a somewhat precocious youth—the now obsolete ‘Goodhusband;’ if ‘Skinner,’ then ‘Langskinner;’ if ‘Wright,’ then ‘Longwright’ or ‘Longus-Faber,’ as it is Latinized in our rolls; if ‘Smith,’ then ‘Gros-smith,’ that is ‘big-smith,’ or ‘Wild-smith’ or ‘Youngsmith;’ or if ‘Groom,’ then ‘Good-groom’[617] and ‘Old-groom.’ If we have ‘Swain,’ we had also ‘Goodswain,’ or ‘Brownswain,’ or ‘Madswain,’ or ‘Summerswain,’ or ‘Cuteswain,’ or ‘Colswain’ (that is, deceitful swain, or ‘Littleswain;’ if ‘King,’[618] then ‘Littleking,’ ‘Coyking,’ ‘Brownking,’ ‘Whiteking,’ and ‘Redking;’ if ‘Hine,’ or ‘Hyne,’ or ‘Hind,’ a peasant somewhat similar to Swain, then also ‘Goodhyne;’ if ‘Bond,’ then ‘Youngbond;’ if ‘Knave’ or servant, then ‘Smartknave,’ ‘Whiteknave,’ ‘Brownknave,’ and ‘Goodknave,’ the latter a strange compound to modern ears;[619] if ‘Clerk,’ then ‘Bonclerk,’ ‘Beauclerk,’ ‘Goodclerk,’ ‘Mauclerk,’[620] and ‘Redclerk;’[621] if ‘Page,’ then ‘Littlepage’[622] and ‘Smallpage,’ and to put it here for convenience, ‘Lawpage;’ if ‘Wayt,’ a ‘watchman,’ then ‘Smartwayt,’ ‘Stertwait’ (active, on the alert), and ‘Goodwayt;’ if ‘Man’ or ‘Mann,’ a relic of the old ‘le Man’ or menial, then also ‘Goodman,’ a term, however, which became early used of any honest householder.[623] ‘Le Mayster’ or ‘Master’ was common enough, but I am sorry to say I have not lighted upon a ‘Goodmayster’ as yet. Thus ‘Fellowe’ also, or ‘Fellowes,’ as we now have it, is met by ‘Goodfellow’ and ‘Longfellow;’ ‘Child’ by ‘Goodchild’ and the obsolete ‘Evilchild;’ ‘Son’ by ‘Littleson’ and ‘Fairson;’ ‘Sire’ by ‘Littlesire’ and ‘Fairsire;’ ‘Nurse’ by ‘Goodnurse,’ and ‘Fowl’ by ‘Goodfowl.’ Norman equivalents for these, however, were not wanting. ‘Goodfellow’ had its mate in ‘Boncompagnon,’ ‘Goodbody’ in ‘Bonecors,’ ‘Goodwait’ in ‘Bonserjeant,’ ‘Goodclerk’[624] in ‘Bonclerk,’ and ‘Goodman’[625] in ‘Bonhomme’ (our present ‘Bonham’)[626] and ‘Prudhomme’ or ‘Pridham.’ ‘Evilchild’ found itself face to face with ‘Malenfant,’ ‘Littlesire’ with ‘Petitsire,’ ‘Goodchild’ with ‘Bonyfant,’ ‘Bonenfant,’ or ‘Bullivant,’ as we now have it, and ‘Godson’ or ‘Goodson,’ it may be, with ‘Bonfils’ or ‘Boffill.’ We have still ‘Clerk,’ but ‘Bonclerke,’ if not ‘Beauclerk,’ is obsolete; ‘Squier,’ but ‘Bonsquier’ has disappeared; ‘Chevalier’ also thrives, while ‘Bonchevalier’ is extinct. In some cases the simple and the compound forms are both wanting. It is so with our former ‘Vadlets’ and ‘Bonvalets,’ our ‘Vileins,’ ‘Beauvileyns,’ and ‘Mangevileyns’ (scabby), our ‘Queynts’ and ‘Bonqueynts,’ and our ‘Aventures’ and ‘Bonaventures,’ the latter sobriquet evidently given to one who had acquitted himself well in some mediæval joust or tournament. It is found in several records. Piers Plowman uses the term simple, when he speaks of Faith crying—

As dooth an heraud of armes, When aventrous cometh to justes.

‘Christian,’ which may be but the proper name, still lives, though ‘Bonchristien’ is gone; and ‘Count,’ too, lingers, ‘Boncount’ being obsolete. Sometimes, strangely enough, the French idiomatic compounds got literally translated into Saxon, resulting in terms of utterly different meaning. Thus, as I have already shown, ‘Beaupere’ met face to face with ‘Fairsire,’ ‘Beaufiz’[627] with ‘Fairchild,’ and ‘Beaufrere’ with ‘Fairbrother.’ But this bare and naked translation into the vernacular seems to have been a general practice. The Norman ‘Petyclerk,’ for instance, was speedily met by ‘Smalwritere,’ ‘Blauncpayne’ by ‘Whitbred,’ and ‘Handsomebody,’ over which much obscurity has lingered, is, I have no hesitation in asserting, a directly Saxonised form of ‘Gentilcors,’ a name not unfrequently met with at this date.

Many of the names I have mentioned above, however, are, strange to say, being reproduced in the present day after a curious fashion. The multiplication of forenames has been the primary cause of this.[628] In many cases these, by becoming as it were adjectives to the surname, form sobriquets no less ludicrous and striking than those which for that very reason so soon became obsolete. Thus such a combination as ‘Choice Pickrell’ is exactly equivalent to ‘Goodherring’ just alluded to. ‘Arch Bishop’ restores the archiepiscopal name which fell into abeyance in the twelfth century; while such other names as ‘Perfect Sparrow,’ ‘Savage Bear,’[629] ‘Royal King,’ ‘Sing Song,’ ‘Ivory Mallet,’[630] ‘More Fortune,’[631] ‘Christmas Day,’ ‘Paschal Lamb,’ ‘River Jordan,’[632] or ‘Pine Coffin,’[633] may be met by designations equally absurd, if less travestied. These, of course, must be attributed to mere eccentricity on the part of parents, rather than to accident. Combinations of this kind, however, have arisen of late years through another circumstance. It not unfrequently occurs that through certain circumstances two family names are united. Thus we have such conjunctions as ‘Burdett-Coutts’ or ‘Sclater-Booth.’ Speaking of these reminds me of a story I have heard anent a combination of this kind. A certain gentleman, it is said, of the name of Colley, in bequeathing in his will a considerable estate to a friend of the name of ‘Mellon,’ made it the condition of his acceptance that the legatee added his benefactor’s name to his own. His friend had no objection to the property, but when he found that his acquiescence in the terms imposed would make him ‘Mellon-Colley’ to the end of his days, he considered the matter afresh and declined the offer.

(3) _Nicknames from Oaths, Exclamations, Street-cries, and Mottoes._

(_a_) _Oaths._—A remarkable, though not a very large, batch of surnames is to be referred to perhaps the most peculiar characteristic of all—that of the use of profane, or at least idle oaths. The prevalence of imprecations in mediæval times was simply extraordinary.[634] If the writings of that period bear but the faintest comparison to the talk of men, their conversation must have been strangely seasoned. For instance, in the ‘Canterbury Tales’ we find introduced without the slightest ceremony such oaths as ‘for Cristes passion,’ ‘by Goddes saule,’ ‘for Cristes saule,’ ‘by Goddes dignitee,’ ‘Goddes banes,’[635] ‘Cristes pein,’ ‘Goddes love,’ ‘Goddes hate,’ ‘Cristes foot,’ ‘God me save,’ and the more simple ‘By-God,’ or ‘Parde’ or ‘Pardieu.’ That they are mostly meaningless is their chief characteristic. ‘John Pardieu’ in the Rolls of Parliament will represent our many ‘Pardews,’ ‘Pardows,’ ‘Pardoes,’ and ‘Pardies;’ and although I have given a different origin in my second chapter,[636] I may mention ‘Alina le Bigod’ (J.), or ‘John le Bygot’ (M.). ‘Barbara Godselve’[637] (F.F.), ‘Richard Godesname’ (X.), ‘Richard Godbeare’ (Z.), (now ‘Godbeer,’ ‘Godbehere,’ and ‘Goodbeer’), ‘Roger Godblod’ (E.) (God’s blood), ‘Alicia Godbodi’ (A.) (God’s body), seem all to be representative of familiar imprecations.

(_b_) _Mottoes._—In many cases we can scarcely doubt that ensigncy has had something to do with the origin of our surnames. Edward III. at a tournament had his trappings embroidered with the couplet—

Hay, hay, the white swan, By God’s soule I am thy man.

‘Godsol’ and ‘Godsoule’ formerly existed, and may have so risen. Among other names of this class may be mentioned ‘Janett God-send-us’[638] (W. 13), ‘Roger Deus-salvet-dominas,’[639] ‘John God-me-fetch,’ ‘John Dieu-te-ayde,’ ‘John Flourdieu,’ ‘Henry Grace-dieu,’[640] ‘Henry Warde-dieu,’ ‘John Depart-dieu,’ and ‘John Angel-dieu.’[641] From the escutcheons of their wearers these would easily pass on to the men themselves who first bore them as surnames.

(_c_) _Exclamations._—‘Peter Damegod’ (M.) and ‘John Domegode’ (O.), meaning literally ‘Lord God,’ represent a once favourite expletive.[642] We are here reminded that there was a time when ‘Dame,’ from _dominus_ and _domina_ alike, was applied to either sex. One or two exclamations of less objectionable import are also to be met with. ‘William Godthanke’ (A.) seems but a reversal of our ‘Thank God,’ while ‘Ralph Godisped’ (A.), fossilised in our ‘Goodspeeds,’ may represent ‘God-speed-thee.’[643] ‘Richard Farewel’ (A.), ‘Simon Welfare’ (A.), ‘John Welcome’ (Z.Z.), ‘William Adieu’ (M.), would possess affixes readily given for their kindly and oft utterance. Our ‘Rummelows,’ ‘Rummileys,’ and ‘Rumbelows,’ without dispute, represent but the old well-known cry of ‘Rombylow’ or ‘Rummylow,’ the sailor’s ‘Heave-ho’ of later days. In the ‘Squire of Low Degree’ it is said—

Your mariners shall synge arow, Hey how, and rumbylow.

The ancestor of those who bear the name was doubtless a sailor at some period of his career.[644]

(_d_) _Street-cries._—The calls of hawkers could not of course escape the good-humoured raillery of our forefathers. We find ‘Robert Freshfissh’ (X.) to have been a fishmonger, and ‘John Freshfisch’ is set down in the Rolls of Parliament. About the same time ‘Margaret Fressheharyng’ dwelt in the Metropolis. ‘Agnes Godefouele’ (A.) and ‘Basilia Godfowele’ (A.) were manifestly poultry-women, for even the most respectable occupations were then, as I have already shown, itinerant. But perhaps the most curious thing of all is to notice the price-calls that have found themselves inscribed in our registers. The larger sums will have a different origin, but I place them here for convenience sake. The Writs of Parliament give us a ‘Robert Peny;’ the ‘Wills and Inventories’ (Surt. Soc.), a ‘Thomas Fourpeni;’ the Hundred Rolls, a ‘John Fivepeni;’ the ‘Cal. Rot. Originalium,’ a ‘Thomas Sexpenne;’ the ‘Yorkshire Wills and Inventories’ (Surt. Soc.), a ‘John Ninepennies;’ and the Hundred Rolls, a ‘Fulco Twelpenes.’[645] ‘James Fyppound’ (Fivepound) is mentioned in ‘Materials for History of Henry VII.’ So early as 1342 we find ‘John Twenti-mark’ to have been Rector of Risingham (Norfolk, 1, 64); while ‘William Hunderpound’ was Mayor of Lynn Regis in 1417 (do. viii. 532). This latter may be a translation of a Norman sobriquet, for ‘Grace Centlivre’ and ‘Joseph Centlivre’ are set down in a Surrey register of the same date. (‘Hist. and Ant. Survey,’ Index.) In both cases, I doubt not, the nickname was acquired from the peculiarity of the source whence the income was derived. ‘Centlivre’ existed in the eighteenth century at least, for it was Mrs. Centlivre who wrote the ‘Platonic Lady,’ which was issued in 1707. ‘Thomas Thousandpound,’ the last of this class, appears in the ‘Wardrobe Accounts’ (Edward I.), and concludes a list as strange as the most ardent ‘lover of the curious’ could desire.[646]

Looking back, however, upon these earlier names, how many varied and conflicting qualities of the human heart do they all reflect, some honourable, some harmlessly innocent, the greater part, I fear, discreditable. Of all how much might be said, but I refrain, lest I be liable to a charge of acting contrary to the spirit of the kindly old adage, ‘de mortuis nil nisi bonum’—‘speak no evil of the dead.’ Thus telltale, however, are our surnames, and if it be no pleasant task to expose the weaknesses and the frailties of them whose bones have so long ere this crumbled into decay, still we may comfort ourselves with the remembrance that their names, with many others I could have adduced had space permitted, offer no kind of reflection upon their present possessors. It is not unseldom we see the bearer of a worthy name dragging the same through the dust and mire of an ignoble life. It is amongst these names of somewhat unsavoury origin we oftentimes meet with the best, and the truest, and the noblest of our fellows.

_The Alphabetical Letters appended to the Names furnished in the Index refer to the Documents in the List here cited._

Hundred Rolls. _A._ Calendarium Inquisitionum Post Mortem. _B._ Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium in Turri Londinensi. _C._ Calendarium Rotulorum Chartarum. _D._ Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in Turri Londonensi. _E._ Valor Ecclesiasticus. _F._ Calendarium Rotulorum Originalium. _G._ Rolls of Parliament. _H._ Placitorum in Dom. Cap. Westminster. _J._ Testa de Neville, sive Liber Feodorum. _K._ Calendarium Genealogicum. _L._ Writs of Parliament. _M._ Munimenta Gildhallæ Londoniensis. _N._ Issues of the Exchequer. _O._ Issue Roll. _P._ History and Antiquities of York (Pub. 1785). _Q._ Placita de Quo Warranto. _R._ Guild of St. George, Norwich. _S._ Excerpta e Rotulis Finium in Turri Londinensi. _T._ V. Camden Society Publications. _V._ 1. Bury St. Edmunds Wills. _V._ 2. Dingley’s History from Marble. _V._ 3. Trevelyan Papers. _V._ 4. Camden Miscellany. _V._ 5. Smith’s Obituary. _V._ 6. Diary of John Rous. _V._ 7. Liber Famelicus—Sir James Whitelock. _V._ 8. Chronicon Petroburgense. _V._ 9. Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler. _V._ 10. Autobiography of Sir John Bramston. _V._ 11. Doomsday Book of St. Paul’s. _V._ 12. Ricart’s Kalendar. _V._ 13. Proceedings in Kent. _V._ 14. Rutland Papers. W. Surtees’ Society Publications. _W._ 1. Coldingham Priory. _W._ 2. Testamenta Ebor. _W._ 3. Durham Household Book. _W._ 4. Kirkby Inquest. _W._ 5. Knight’s Fees. _W._ 6. Nom. Villarum. _W._ 7. Illustrative Documents. _W._ 8. Priory of Finchdale. _W._ 9. Fabric Rolls of York Minister, _and_ Wills and Inventories. _W._ 10. Hexham Priory. _W._ 11. Corpus Christi Guild. _W._ 12. Hist. Dunelm. _W._ 13. Barnes’ Eccles. Proceedings. _W._ 14. Visitation of Yorkshire. _W._ 15. Feodarum Prior. Dunelm. _W._ 16. Depositions from York Castle. _W._ 17. Memorials of Fountains Abbey. _W._ 18. Depositions and Eccles. Proceedings. _W._ 19. Liber Vitæ. _W._ 20. Remains of Dean Granville. Memorials of London (Riley). _X._ Proceedings and Ordinances: Privy Council. _Y._ Calendar of Proceedings in Chancery (Elizabeth). _Z._ The Publications of the Chetham Society. _A A._ Wills and Inventories (Lancashire). _A A. 1._ Three Lancashire Documents. _A A._ 2. Lancashire Chauntries. _A A._ 3. Birch Chapel. _A A._ 4. Rotuli Normanniæ in Turri Londinensi. _B B._ Documents Illustrative of English History. _D D._ Index to ‘Originalia et Memoranda.’ _E E._ History of Norfolk (Blomefield). _F F._ Fines (Richard I.). _G G._ History of Hertfordshire (Clutterbuck). _H H._ Rotuli Curiæ Regis. _M M._ Calendar and Inventories of the Treasury. _N N._ History of Leicestershire (Nicholl’s). _P P._ Register—St. James, Piccadilly. _Q Q._ State Paper office. _R R._ Patent Rolls. _R R._ 1. Compoti. _R R._ 2. Issue Rolls. _R R._ 3. History of Durham (Surtees). _S S._ State Papers (Domestic). _T T._ Materials for History of Reign of Henry VII. _X X._ 1. Registrum Abbatiæ Johannis Whethamstede. _X X._ 2. Letters from Northern Registers. _X X._ 3. Calendar to Pleadings (Elizabeth). _Z Z._

INDEX OF INSTANCES.

Aaron, 83. Aaron le Blund, _T_. Aron Judde, _A_.

A’Becket (_v._ Beckett) 85.

Abbe, 191. Radulf le Abbe, _C_.

Abbott, 191. Juliana Abbot, _A_. Ric. Abbot, _M_.

Abel, 82. Abel le Orfeure, _T_. Thomas Abel, _A_.

Abigail, 100. Abigail Cordell, _Z_. Abigail Tayler, _W_ 16.

Ablett, Ablott, 82. Abalotta de Forde, _A_. William Abelot, _M_. Ric. Abelote, _V_ 11.

Abner, 77.

Above-brook, 108. John Abovebrok, _A_.

Above-town, 108. Adelina Abovetoun, _A_. William Abovetoun, _M_.

Abraham. Gerard Abbraham, _A_. Robert Abraam, _A_.

Absolom, 83. Absolon in le Dyche, _A_. Absolon fil. Simon, _C_.

Abstinence, 103. Abstinence Pougher, 104, _n_.

Acatour, 210. Bernard le Acatour, _M_. John le Acatour, _M_.

Accepted, 104. Accepted Frewen, 104, _n_.

Achatour, 210. Jocius le Achatur, _A_. Henry le Achator, _H_.

Acherman (_v._ Acreman), 259. Alex. Acherman, _A_.

Acland, 120. John Acklande, _Z_.

Acreman, 259. Roger le Acreman, _A_.

Acroyd, 120. Henry Aykeroid, _Z_. Ric. de Akerode, _W_ 2.

Acton, 120. Reiner de Acton, _M_. Engelard de Actone, _A_.

Adam, 3, 81. Adam fil. Warin, _M_. Adam le Flecher, _T_.

Adams, 81. Juliana Adams, _A_. Richard Addames, _Z Z_.

Adamson, 81. Hugh fil. Adam, _A_. Hoel fil. Adam, _A_.

Adcock, Adcocks, 81. William Adcock, _W_ 9. Stephen Adcock, _Z_. Hamme, son of Adecok, _A A_ 2.

Addison, 81. Gilbert fil. Adæ, _C_. Thomas Adesone, _R_.

Adela (_v._ Adelina), 19. Adela uxor Roberti, _C_.

Adelaid (_v._ Alard), 21. Adam Adelaad, _A_.

Adelina, 19. Adelina le Heyr, _A_. Henry fil. Adelyne, _A_.

Adieu, 512. William Adieu, _M_.

Adkins, 81. Adekin le Fuller, _A_. William Adekyns, _E E_.

Adkinson, 81. William Adkinson (London: Maitland).

Adlard (_v._ Adelard).

Agate, 111. Richard Atte-gate, _A_. Leonard Agate, _Z_.

Agatha, 19. Agatha le Kareter, _A_. Agatha de Dene, _B_.

Agnes, 19. Thomas fil. Agneta, _J_. Agnes le Brune, _A_.

Agrippina, 100. Agrippina Bingley, _T T_.

Aguiler, 342. Thomas le Aguiler, _M_. William le Aguiler, _Q_. Lucas le Aguler, _A_.

Aikman (_v._ Acreman), 259.

Ainsworth, 134. Margaret Aynesworthe, _Z_.

Akerman (_v._ Acreman), 259. Peter le Akerman, _A_. John le Akurman, _B_.

Alabaster, 225. Richard le Alblaster, _B_. Henry le Alblaster, _M_. Reginald le Arbelestre, _A_.

Alan (_v._ Allen). Alan fil. Warin, _M_. Alan le Chapelein, _L_.

Alanson (_v._ Allinson). Brien fil. Alan, _C_. William Alynson, _W_ 2. Thomas Allason, _Z_.

Alard, 21. Alard le Fleminge, _B_. Alard le Burser, _H_. Robert Alard, _M_.

Alaric. Robert Alrych, _A_. Agnes Alrich, _A_.

Albert, 29. John Albert, _A_. Robert Alberd, _A_.

Alcock, 55. John Alcoc, _A_. John Alkok, _H_.

Alder, 154.

Alderman, 186. Thomas Alderman, _V_ 8. Robert le Alderman, _A_. Benjamin Aldermannus, _A_.

Alderson, 21. John fil. Aldrech, _C_. Christopher Alderson, _W_ 8.

Aldershot, 116. Robert de Alreshawe, _M_. Thomas Allshawe, _X X_.

Aldred, 21. Aldred fil. Roger, J. Aldred Andre, _A_.

Aldrech, Aldrich, 21. John Alrich, _M_. John Aldrich, _A_.

Alecot (_v._ Alicot), 87.

Alefounder, 392, _n_. William Alefounder, _F F_. Mary Alfounder, _P P_. Richard Alefounder, _Z_.

Aleman, 165. Custance de Alemania, _A_. William Alemannus, _C_. John le Aleman, _W_ 7.

Alexander, 98 (_v._ Saunder). William Alexandre, _M_. Nicholas Alesandre, _A_. Alexander fil. Seman, _J_.

Aleyn (_v._ Allen). Aleyn Forman, _H_. Aleyn, _M_.

Alfred, 21. Alured fil. Ivo, _J_. Alfred Dionysius Langsomer, _A_. Robert fil. Alfridi, _A_.

Alianora, 19, 72. Alianora Bushe, _E E_. Alicia Alianor, _R_.

Alice, Alicia, 19, 87, _n_. Nicholas fil. Alicia, _A_. Richard fil. Alice, _R_.

Alicot, 87. Alecot fil. Almar, _C_. William Alicot, _A_.

Alina (_v._ Alinot), 72. Alina Atte-broc, _A_.

Alinot, Alinet, 19, 72. William Alinot, _A_. Alnot Red, _A_. Havisia Alinet, _A_.

Aliot, 19, 72, 87. Robert Aliot, _A_. Walter Aliot, _A_. Alyott de Symondston, _A A_ 2.

Alison (1), 87, _n_. Ric. fil. Alise, _A_. Goselin fil. Alice, _A_. John Alicesone, _R R_ 1. (2), 87, _n_. Alisceon de Tuxforth, _W_ 2. Alison Gelyot, _H_. Alison Wrangwish, _W_ 11.

Alkins, 87. John Alkyn, _M_.

Allbright, 29. Aylbreda de Cheny, _A_. Aylbricht le Turner, _A_. Albred de la Haye, _J_.

Allcock, 87. William Allcocke, _Z Z_. John Allcock, _Z Z_.

Allen. Thomas fil. Alani, _M_. Will. fil. Alani, _R_.

Allinson (_v._ Alanson). John Alleynsone, _S_. William Aleynsonne, _B B_. George Alonsonne, _Z Z_.

Allison (_v._ Alison), 16, 87.

Allkins (_v._ Alkins), 87.

Allman (_v._ Aleman), 165.

Allott, 87. Alote le Messer, _A_. Alot Chapman, _F F_. Thomas fil. Alote, _M_.

Allured (_v._ Alfred), 21. Alured Ape, _A_. William Alured, _M_.

Almaine (_v._ Aleman), 165.

Almaric, Almeric, 18, 29. Almaric Breton, _M_. Almaricus le Botiller, _B_.

Almoner, 193. Robert le Almoner, _H_.

Alured (_v._ Allured), 21.

Alwright, 278. Richard Alwright, _Z_.

Amabilla, 19, 70. Amabilla le Blund, _B_. Amabil fil. Emme, _J_.

Amand (_v._ Samand), 125. Aymer de St. Amand, _M_.

Amary, 29. Rob. Amary, _A_. Roger Ammary, _A_.

Amberson, 29. Richard Amberson, 29, _n_. Robert Amberson, 29, _n_.

Ambler, 440. Thomas le Amblur, _A_. William Ambler, _W_ 9.

Ame (_v._ Eame), 429.

Amelia (_v._ Emilia), 19, 87, _n_.

Amelot (_v._ Amelia), 87, _n_. Nic. Amelot, _A_. Ric. fil. Amelot, _A_.

Americ, 29. Americus Balistarius, _E_. Americ Wylson, _W_ 3.

Amery (_v._ Emery), 29. Hugh Amery, _H_.

Amiable, 468. Edward Amiable, _Z_. Joan Amiable, _Z_. Thomas Amable, _A_.

Amice, 17. Geoff. fil. Amice, _R_. Amice le Noble, _A_. Robert fil. Amicie, _M_.

Amiger (_v._ Armiger), 199. Robert Amiger, _Z_.

Amiot (_v._ Amy). Amiot de Pontefracto, _DD_. Walter fil. Amiot, _G G_. William Amiot, _A_.

Amner (_v._ Almoner), 193.

Amor, Amor, 111. Agnes atte-More, _B_.

Amy (_v._ Amelia). Thomas Amye, _E E_. Amy le Strange, _F F_.

Ananias, 100. Ananias Dyce, _T T_.

Ancell (_v._ Ansell). William Auncell, _M_.

Anchor, 196. Sarra Ancorita, _A_.

Anderson, 94. Alice fil. Andre, _A_. Colyn Andresonne, _B B_. John Andrewson, _Z Z_.

Andrew, Andrews, 94. Nic. fil. Andree, _A_. Emma Andreu, _A_. Andreas le Orfeure, _L_.

Angel-Dei, 511. Henry Angel-Dei, _A_.

Anger, 158. Isabella Anger, _H_. Hugh de Angiers, _J_. Robert Angier, _X X_.

Angwin, 158. Geoffrey le Aungevyn, _L_. Maurice le Anjevin, _A_. Simon le Angevin, _E_.

Anker (_v._ Anchor), 196.

Anketell, 22. Anketil le Mercer, _A_. Peter fil. Anketill, _C_. Anketill fil. Thomas, _K_.

Annabel, 19. Anabilla de Harpham, _W_ 2. Peter fil. Annabel, _M_.

Annot, Annotson, (_v._ Alianora), 72. John Annotson, _F F_. Enota Coley, _A_. William Annotyson, _F F_. Anota Canun, _A_.

Anora (_v._ Alianora), 72. Annora Vidua, _A_. Annora le Aencurt, _K_. Annore Beine, _A_.

Ansell, Anselm, 11. William Ansel, _A_. Anselm de Bamburgh, _A_. John fil. Anselmi, _R_.

Anser, 403.

Ansketil (_v._ Asketil), 24. Robert fil. Anskitiel, _W_ 12.

Anson, 72. Elisha Annyson, _F F_. Richard Anyson, _F F_.

Anthony (_v._ Antony).

Antioch, 169. Nicholas Antioch, _M_. Robert de Antiochia, _E_.

Antonison, 54. Agnes Antonison, _Z_.

Antony. John fil. Antony, _A_. Antony Stilman, _H_.

Anvers, 170. Richard de Anvers, _A_. Thomas de Anvers, _R_.

Ape, 492. John le Ape, _A_. Alured Ape, _A_.

Apollonia, 100. Apollonia Cotton, _T T_.

Applegarth, 133. Robert del Apelgargh, _A_. Geoffrey de Appelgarth, _K_.

Appletree, 129. Thomas Appletree, _Z_.

Apple-john, 504.

Appleyard, 261, 133. Nicholas de Apelyerd, _A_. Thomas Appleyeard, _Z Z_.

Arblast, Arblaster 225. John le Arblaster, _A_. Reginald le Arblaster, _B_. Urric le Arbelastre, _J_.

Archbishop (_v._ Archevesk), 186, 508. Hugh Archiepiscopus, _C_.

Archdeacon, 187. Richard l’Ercedekne, _V_ 9. Thomas le Arsdekene, _A_. Adam Ercedekne, _A_.

Archer, 225. William le Archer, _B_. Pagan le Archier, _E_.

Archevesk, 186. Hugo le Archevesk, _C_. William le Arceveske, _E_.

Archpriest, 187. Roger le Archeprest, _J_.

Argent, 168. Reginald de Argente, _A_. John de Argenteyn, _R_.

Arkell, Arkettle, 25, _n_. William Arkell, _W_ 2. Simon fil. Arkill, _E_. Roger Arketel, _A_.

Arkwright, 279. Hugh Arkewright, _Z Z_. Lawrence Arkewrighte, _Z Z_.

Arme, 436.

Armer, Armerer, 222. Gwydo le Armerer, _A_. Simon le Armurer, _G_. Adam le Armerer, _M_. Marion Armourer, _W_ 18.

Armiger, 199. Thomas Armiger, _C_. Nicholas Armiger, _E_.

Arminger (_v._ Armiger), 199. Jeffry Arminger, _Z_.

Armitage, 196. John Harmaytayge, _W_ 3. Gregory Armitage, _Z_.

Armour (_v._ Armer), 222.

Amstrang, Armstrong, 436. Adam le Armstrang, _G_. William le Armestrang, _G_. Guy le Armerecte, _A_.

Arnison, 28.

Arnald, 28. Walter fil. Arnald, _A_. Arnald atte Brok, _A_.

Arnet, 28. Hugh Arnyet, _M_. Milisent Arnet, _A_.

Arnold (_v._ Ernald), 28. Arnoldus Bassett, _E_. Arnold Lym, _H_. Arnold Lupus, _H_.

Arnott (_v._ Arnett), 28. Ernot Stead, _W_ 14.

Arnulph. Arnulph Dogmaw, _A_. Arnulfus de Derham, _C_.

Arras, 169. Ralph de Arras, _A_. Robert de Arraz, _N_.

Arrowsmith, 227, 281. William Arowesmythe, _Z Z_. John Arrowsmyth, _F_.

Arsmith (_v._ Arrowsmith), 227, 281. Richard Arsmith, _Z_.

Arter, 158. Robert de Artoys, _H_.

Arthur, 19, 20. William fil. Arthuri, _A_. Harthurus Bosewyll, _W_ 2.

Aquila, 100. Aquila Wykes, _T T_.

Ash (_v._ Ashe), 154.

Ashburner 264. Peter Ashburner, _Z Z_. Thomas Ashburner, _Z Z_.

Ashe 154. Paganel del Ash, _M_. Roger atte Ashe, _F F_.

Asher, 113.

Ashes, 129.

Ashford, 146. Walter de Ashford, _M_. Roger Ashford, _Z_.

Ashley, 119. John de Ashlegh, _K_. Oliva de Esseligh, _E_.

Ashman, 113. Walter Ascheman, _A_. Thom. Asheman, _B_.

Ashover, 128. Walter de Ashovere, _X X_ 4.

Ashurst, 116. Adam de Ashurst, _M_. John Asshenhyrst, _Z_.

Asketil, Askell, 24, 25. Jordan Asketil, _A_. William Asketil, _Q_. Askill le Fisherman, _V_ 8.

Assman, 285. Richard Asseman. _A_. Roger Asman, _A_.

Astrier, 241. William le Astrier, _E_.

Atcliffe, 110.

Atfield, 110. Linota Ate-felde, _A_. John Atefelde, _A_.

Athill, 110. Bateman Ate-hil, _A_. Gregory Attehill, _F F_.

Atkins, 81. William Atkyns, _F_. Thomas Atkyns, _H_.

Atkinson, 81. John Attechenson, _X X_. 1. Raufe Atkinson, _Z_. Mariona Atkynsone, _W_ 19.

Atlay, Atlee, 119, 110. Lawrence Atlee, _Z_. Hugh Atlee, _Z_.

Attenborough, Atterbury, 110. Walter Atteburg, _A_. John Atte-bury, _M_.

Atton, 110. William Atton, _B_.

Attridge, 110. Jacob Atteriche, _A_.

Attree, 110.

Attwell, Atwell, 110. Agnes Atte-well, _B_. Wil. Atte Welle, _M_. John Atwelle, _M_.

Atwater, 110. Elias Atwatere, _A_. William Atte-Water. (Lower’s _English Surnames._)

Atwood, 110, 154. Richard Ate-wode, _A_. Adam Atte-wood, _C_.

Atworth, 110.

Auberkin (_v._ Aubrey), 29. Walter Auberkin, _A_.

Aubrey, 28. Albericus Balister, _C_. Albricus le Child, _T_. Aubrey Bunt, _A_.

Audrey (_v._ Awdrey), 302.

Aumeric (_v._ Almaric), 17, 26. Robert fil. Aumeric, _C_.

Aumoner (_v._ Almoner), 106. Michael le Aumoner, _B_. Walter le Aumoner, _M_. Adam le Aumener, _G_.

Aunay, 154.

Aunger (_v._ Anger), 158. Charles de Angers, _H_. John de Aungiers, _M_. Robert Aungier, _X X_. 1.

Aunsermaker, 403. Thomas le Aunseremaker, _X_.

Aurifaber. Adam le Aurifaber, _M_. Andrew Aurifaber, _R_.

Austen, Austin. Awsteyne Mayne, _Z_. Astin de Bennington, _A_. Wilekin fil. Austin, _C_.

Avelina, Aveline, 19, 87, _n_. Avelina Batayl, _F F_. Wydo Aveline, _A_. Avelina le Gros, _J_.

Avener, 219. Walter le Avenur, _A_. William le Avenare, _G_. Ralph le Avener, _M_.

Aventure, 507. William Aventur, _A_. Andrew Aventur, _A_.

Avery (_v._ Every), 27. Avery le Batur, _A_. Avere de Dayce, _A_.

Avice, 19. Avice le Aubergere, _H_. Avicia de Breaute, _E_. Hawisia le Gros, _J_.

Avis, Avison, (_v._ Avice), 19. Avis Tailor, _V_ 2. Richard fil. Avice, _A_. William Avison, _Z Z_.

Await (_v._ Wait), 184. Thomas le Await, _M M_.

Awdrey, Awdry, 302. Etheldreda Plote, _A_. Audrey Bendish, _F F_. Awdrie Butts, _Z_.

Aylmar, 29. Aylmar Child, _A_. Elyas fil. Ailmar, _C_. Pleysaunt Aylmair, _H_.

Aylward, 21. Simon fil. Aylwardi, _R_. Alan Alward, _A_. Ranulph Aluard, _M_.

Aylwin, 21. Richard Alwine, _A_. Thomas Ailwyne, _M_.

Aymon, 35.

Babbe (_v._ Barbara), 75, _n_. Bertol Babbe, _A_.

Bacchus, 131. Edmund atte Bakhus, _M_. Henry del Bakehouse, _M_. Thomas Bacchus, _Z Z_.

Bacheldor (_v._ Bachelor), 166.

Bachelor, Backler 199 Jordan le Bacheler, _L_. Gilbert le Bacholer, _E_.

Backhouse (_v._ Bacchus). Robert Backhouse, _V_ 5.

Backster, 364. Giliana le Bacstere, _A_. Geoffrey le Bakestere, _M_.

Bacon, 491. John le Bacun, _T_. Roger Bacon, _R_.

Badcock (_v._ Batcock), 92. Roger Badecok, _M_. Richard Badcok, _H_.

Badger, 295. Nicholas Badger, _Z Z_. Thomas Badgger, _Z Z_.

Badkins (_v._ Batkins), 92.

Badman, 194. Simon Bademan, _A_.

Badneighbour, 501. William Badneighbour, _P P_.

Bagger (_v._ Badger), 295. Thomas le Baggere, _A_. John Bagger, _X X_ 1.

Bagot (_v._ Bigot) 160. Margery la Bagode, _K_. Harvey Bagod, _E_.

Bagshaw, 117. Nicholas Bagshawe, _Z_. Humphrey Bagshawe, _Z Z_.

Bagshot, 116, John Bagshot, _H H_.

Bagster (_v._ Baxter), 364

Bailey, Bailif, Baillie, Baillif, 232. Seman le Baylif, _J_. Henry le Baillie, _M_. John le Baillif, _B_.

Baird, 310.

Baker, 363. Robert le Baker, _B_. Walter le Bakare, _M_.

Balancer, Balauncer, 403. Rauf le Balancer, _M_. John Balauncer, _G_. Radulf le Balauncer, _N_.

Balcock, 52.

Bald, 452. Custance Balde, _A_. Richard Bald, _A_.

Balderson, 52. Ric. fil. Baldewin, _A_. John fil. Baldewini, _R_. Allaine Bawdyson, _V_ 3.

Baldwin, 18, 52. Baudewin de Bitton, _A_. Baldwin Boton, _C_. Bawden Maynard (English Gilds, 320).

Ball (_v._ Bald), 452. Roesia Balle, _A_.

Ballinger (_v._ Bullinger), 364.

Balmer, 263. Christiana de (le?) Balmere, _P P_.

Balster, 225. Thomas Balistarius, _Q_.

Bancroft, 132.

Banker, 414. John le Bancker, _M_.

Banknott, 513. Robert Banknott. _B_.

Bannerman, 200.

Barbar (_v._ Barber), 384, 205. Richard le Barbar, _A_.

Barbara, 75, _n_. Barbara Bickerdyke, _W_ 16. Barbara Claxtone, _W_ 19.

Barbelot, 75, _n_. Nicholas Barbelot, _A_.

Barbot 75, _n_. John Barbot, _A_.

Barberess, 384. Matilda la Barbaresse, _A_. Isabel le Barbaresse, _A_.

Barber, 205, 384. Bela le Barber, _A_. Luke le Barber, _M_.

Barbitonsor, 384. Thomas le Barbitonsor, _J_. William le Barbitonsor. _H_.

Barbour, 205, 384. Richard le Barbour, _M_. Robert le Barbour, _M_.

Bardsley. William de Bardesley, _H_. Robert de Bardesle, _A_.

Barefoot, 440. Norman Barefoot, _A_. Roger Barefoot, _Z_.

Barge, 409. Gerard de la Barge, _C_.

Barker, 331. William le Barcur, _A_. Osbert le Barker, _M_. Robert Barcarius, _A_.

Barkmaker, 290. Edmund Barkmaker, _Z Z_.

Barkman (_v._ Barker). John Barkman, _W_ 18.

Barleybread, 367. Toser Barlibred, _M_.

Barleycorn, 367. Richard Barlecorn, _A_.

Barnabas, Barnaby 96, 97. Barnabe le Teyl, _A_. Burnaybe Brooke, _Z_. Barnaby Benison, _Z_.

Barnacle, 497.

Barne, 202. William le Barne, _A_. Thomas le Barne, _T_.

Barnes, 135. Warin de la Barne, _A_.

Baron, 175. Robert le Baron, _A_. Walter le Baron, _M_.

Barrell, 144, 395. John Baryl, _A_. Ralph Barel, _A_. Gilbert Barrell, _V_ 5.

Barreller, 395. Stephen le Bariller, _E_.

Barter. Hugh le Bartur, _A_.

Bartholomew, 91. John Bartylmewe, _Z Z_. Lawrence fil. Bartholemew, _A_.

Bartle, 92. John fil. Bertol, _A_. Bartel Frobisher, _W_ 9. Bartly Bradforth, _W_ 9.

Bartlett, 92. Bartelot Govi, _A_. Thomas Bartholot, _A_. Edward Barthlette, _F F_. Thomas Berthelett, _V_ 3.

Baskerville, 151. Sibilla de Baskerville, _M_. Isolda Baskerville, _E_.

Baskett, 144.

Bass, 432. Alice la Basse, _A_. Robert le Bas, _B B_.

Bastard, 378. Peter le Bastard, _B_. Robert le Bastard, _E_. Nicholas le Bastard, _A_.

Batcock, 92. Robert Batecoc, _A_. John Batekoc, _M_.

Bateman, 22. Bateman Gille, _A_. Bateman Taye, _A_. Bateman de Capele, _A_.

Batemanson, 22. Thomas Batemanson, _F_. Geoffrey Batmanson, _W_ 3. Richard Batmonson, _W_ 12.

Bater, 327. Avery le Batour, _A_. Adam le Batur, _A_. William le Batur, _B_.

Bates, 92. Bate Bugge, _A_. Bate le Tackman, _A_. Bate fil. Robert, _A_.

Batkins, 92. Batekyn le Clerk, _A_. Batekin Lahan, _A_.

Batson, 92. John Bateson, _F_. Gilbert Batessone, _M_.

Batt, 439. Geoffrey le Batt, _B_. Walter le Bat, _G_.

Battenson (_v._ Betonson), 68. John Battenson, _Z_.

Batty, 92. William fil. Battay, _W_ 5. Ralph Baty. _K_.

Baucock, 475.

Baud, 477. William le Baud, _B_. Wauter le Baud, _M_.

Bawcock, 475.

Baxter, 364. Elias le Baxtere, _M_. Barth le Bakesture, _B_. Andrew le Bakester, _G_.

Bay, 445. Walter le Bay, _A_. Robert le Bey, _B_.

Bayard, 445. Thebald le Bayard, _A_. Thomas Bayard, _A_.

Bayley (_v._ Bailey), 197.

Beaddall, Beadell, Beadle, (_v_. Bedell), 181.

Beaman (_v._ Beeman), 262.

Beanover (_v._ Over). Richard Beanover, _B_.

Bear, 488. Richard le Bere, _A_. Lawrence le Bere, _M_.

Bearbait, 306. Thomas Barebat, _A_. Alex. Barebat, _A_.

Bearbaste, 306. Geoffrey Barebast, _A_. John Barbast, _A_.

Beard, 449. Peter Wi-the-Berd, _D_. Hugo cum-Barba, _A_.

Bearman, 306. Ralph Bareman, _A_.

Bearward, 306. Michael le Bereward, _A_.

Beater, 326. John le Betere, _A_.

Beaton (_v._ Beton), 68.

Beatrice, Beatrix, 19, 67, Beatrix Cokayn, _B_. Beatrice de Knol, _J_.

Beatson, 68. Walter fil. Betricie, _A_. Richard fil. Beatrice, _R_.

Beau. Richard le Beau, _M_.

Beauchamp, 151. William de Beauchamp, _K_. Isolda de Bello-Campo, _E_.

Beauclerke, 505. Charles Beauclerke, _P P_.

Beaufils, 430. Henry Beaufitz, _M_. Hugh Beaufiz, _A_. John Beaufitz, _X X_ 1.

Beauflour, 503. Thomas Beauflour, _M_. Jacobus Beauflour, _G_.

Beaufrere, 430. Roger Beaufrere, _M_. Walter Beaufrere, _M_.

Beaumont, 151. Alice de Beaumont, _M_. Robert de Beaumond, _M_.

Beaupere, 430.

Beauvileyn, 507. William Beauvilayn, _R_. William Belvilein, _E_.

Beauvoir, 489. Roger de Belvoir, _M_.

Beaver, 489. John le Bever, _G_. Ino le Bevere, _N_.

Beck, 113. William en le Bec, _A_. William atte Beck, _M_.

Becker, 113.

Beckett (1), 111. John de Beckote, _A_. Wydo del Beck’t, _R_. (2), Becket fil. Emeric, _E_.

Beckman, 113.

Bedell, 151. Reginald le Bedel, _B_. Roger le Bedel, _M_.

Bedson (_v._ Betson), 92.

Bedweaver, 358. Geoffrey Bedwevere, _S_.

Bee (_v._ Wasp), Nicholas le Be, _J_. Cuthbert Bee, _W_ 9.

Beech, 128. Eufemia de la Beche, _B_. Robert de la Beche, _K_.

Beecher, 113. John Becher, _A_. Henry le Beechur, _A_.

Beechman, 113.

Beef, 490. Robert le Bef, _A_. Richard le Bœf, _A_. John le Beuf, _M_. Mary Beefe, _Q Q_.

Beeman, 262.

Beerbrewer, 379. Lawrence Berbrewer, _F F_. Lambert Beerbruer, _W_ 11.

Beere, 138. Thomas de la Beere, _B_.

Behind-the-brook, 108. Reginald Behundebroke, _A_.

Behind-the-water, 108. Thomas Behundewattre, _A_.

Belham, 443. William Belhom, _A_. William Belhomme, _M_.

Bell (1), 443. Peter le Bel, _A_. Walter le Bel, _G_. Robert le Bel, _B_. (2), 80. Richard fil. Bell, _A_. Bele le Felawe, _A_. Beyll Horsle, _W_ 9. (3), 142. John atte Belle, _V_. Richard atte Bell, _M_. John atte Belle, _X_.

Bellejambe, 438. Peter Belljambe, _A_. Richard Beljaumbe, _M_. Alex. Belejambe, _A_.

Bellet, 80. Robert Belet, _A_. Belet le Pestour, _H_.

Bellewether, 472. John Bellewether, _M_. Stephen de (le?) Belwether, _M M_.

Bellhouse, 131. Thomas de la Belhous, _A_. Walter atte Belhous, _M_.

Bellman, 183, 296. John Belman, _Z Z_. Christopher Bellman, _Z Z_.

Bellot (_v._ Bellet), 80. Adam Belot, _A_.

Bellows (_v._ Bellhouse), 131. John Belhows, _W_ 2. Isabel Bellows, _W_ 2.

Bellringer, 183, _n_. Sarah Bellringer, 183 _n_.

Bellson, 80. John Bellesone, _M_. Ann Bellson, _W_ 9.

Belteste, 435. John Beleteste, _A_.

Belzeter, 402. Robert le Belzetere, _B_. William le Belzetere, _B_.

Beman (_v._ Beeman), 262.

Benbow, 462. Roger Benbow, _F_. William Bendebow, _X_.

Bencher, 414. Roger le Bencher, _A_.

Bendbow (_v._ Benbow), 462.

Beneath-the-town, 108. Alyva Benetheton, _A_. Roger Benethenton, _A_.

Benedict (_v._ Bennet).

Benison (_v._ Bennet). Barnaby Benyson, _Z_. Simon Benesson, _F_.

Benn (_v._ Bennet). Eborard Benne, _A_. Benne fil. Ive, _M_. Antony Ben, _V_ 7.

Bennet, 189. Reginald fil. Beneyt, _A_. Benet Lorkyn, _N_.

Bennetson (_v._ Bennet). Roger Bennetson, _F_. William Bennetson, _H_. William Benetson, _W_ 17.

Benson (_v._ Bennet). Alison Benson, _W_ 17. Ann Bensone, _W_ 9.

Bercher, 271. Thomas le Bercher, _R_. Dorken le Bercher, _A_.

Berecroft, 132. William Barecrofte, _Z Z_.

Berger (_v._ Bercher), 271.

Berkley, 119, 129. Robert de Berchelay, _E_. Maurice de Berkelay, _A_.

Berman, 306. Alan Berman, _M_. William Berman, _A_.

Bernard. William fil. Bernard, _A_. Bernard Coronator, _A_.

Berner, 236. Reginald le Birner, _A_. Richard le Berner, _R_.

Berners, 236. John de Berners, _E_. Matilda de Berners, _E_.

Berriman, 138. John Buryman, _F_. Jane Berryman, _Z_.

Berry, 138. Alex. de Bery, _B_. Nicholas de la Bere, _B_.

Bertie. Alexander fil. Berte, _A_.

Berward (_v._ Bearward).

Bessie, 52, _n_.

Best, 463, 487. Richard le Beste, _A_. Henry le Beste, _X_. Edith Beest, _Z_.

Be-steadfast, 103. Be-steadfast Elyarde.

Bethell, 13. Evan ap Ithell, _Z_. Jevan ap Ithell, _Z_.

Beton, 68. Betin de Friscobald, _O_. John Betyn, _H H_.

Betonson, 16, 68. Robert Betonson, _W_ 11. John Bettenson, _P P_. Thomas Betanson, _H H_.

Betson, 68, 92. William Beteson, _W_ 2. Thomas Betisson, _F F_.

Betsy, 52, _n_.

Betton (_v._ Beton), 68. James Betton, _H H_.

Betts, 92. Margery Bettes, _W_ 2. Thomas Betts, _Z_.

Betty, 92.

Bevan, 45. Eygnenn ap Yevan, _D_. Howel ap Evan, _M_.

Bidder, 314, _n_. Ernald le Bider, _J_.

Biddle (_v._ Bedell), 181. John Biddle, _V_ 5.

Bidman, 194.

Bigg, 431. Agatha Bigge, _A_. Elias Bigge, _A_.

Bigod, Bigot, 159, 510. Roger le Bygod, _A_. Alina le Bigod, _J_. William le Bygot, _A_. John le Bygot, _M_.

Bill, 44, 459.

Billingster, 380, _n_. Henry Billingster, _E E_.

Billiter (_v._ Belzetere), 402. Margaret Billyetter, _F F_. Edmund Belletere, _F F_.

Billman, 222. Richardus Billman, _W_ 19. Stephen Bylman, _F F_.

Bills, 44.

Billsmith, 281.

Bilson, 44. Henry Bilson, _Z_. Edmund Bilsone, _F F_. Thomas Bilson, _V_ 7.

Birch, 129. Hugh de la Byrche, _A_. John atte Birche, _M_.

Bird, 493. John le Bird, _A_. David le Bird, _A_. Ralph le Brydde, _V_ 12.

Birkenshaw, 129, 117. William Burchingshawe, _Z_. Robert Beckinshaw, _Z_.

Birks (_v._ Birch), 129. Bartholomew Birks, _F F_.

Birmingham, 147. John de Burmyngham, _M_. William de Bermingham, _A_.

Bishop, 186. John le Bissup, _A_. Robert le Biscop, _C_.

Bithewater (_v._ Bywater).

Black, 444. Ederick le Blacke, _A_. Stephen le Blak, _G_.

Blackamoor, 161. Simon Blakamour, _R R_ 1. Beatrix Blakamour, _X_. Richard Blackamore, _F F_.

Blackbeard, 449. Richard Blacberd, _A_. Thomas Blackberd, _W_ 18. Peter Blackbeard, _W_ 20.

Blackbird, 494. Priscilla Blackbird, 494, _n_.

Blackdam, 500. Joan Blackdam, _F F_.

Blacker, 328. Roger le Blackere, _M_. Geoff. le Blakere, _M_.

Blackester, 328. William le Bleckestere, _A_. Richard le Bleckstere, _M_. Robert Blaxter, _Z_.

Blackeye, 434. Roger Niger-oculus, _L_.

Blackhat. Henry Blakhat, _R R_ 1.

Blackhead, 435. William Blackhead, 435, _n_. John Blackhead, _F F_.

Blackinthemouth, 424. William Blackinthemouth, _X_.

Blackleach (_v._ Leach). John Blakeleach, _A A_ 3. Thomas Blakelache, _A A_ 3.

Blacklock, 447. Peter Blacklocke, _A_. Dame Blaikelocke, _W_ 9.

Blackman, 446. Elias le Blakeman, _B_. Henry Blacman, _A_.

Blackmantle, 457. Agnes Blackmantyll, _W_ 11.

Blacksmith, 281. Nicholas the Blacksmith, _F F_. John Blacksmythe, _Z Z_.

Bladesmith, 282. John Bladesmyth, _S S_. John Bladsmith, _F F_. Thomas Bladesmith, _S_. John Bladesmithe, _W_ 13.

Blake, 445. Seman le Blake, _A_. Warin le Blake, _R_.

Blakeman (_v._ Blackman), 446. Thomas Blakman, _W_ 17.

Blamester. Robert le Blaimester, _A_.

Blanche (1), 19, 446. Warin Blanche, _A_. (2), Blanche Chalons, _B_.

Blanchet, 446, 454.

Blanchflower, 442. Faith Blanchflower, _Z_.

Blanchfront, 446, 437. Philip Blanchfront, _F F_. Joan Blaunkfront, _X X_ 4. Amabil Blancfront, _G G_.

Blanchmains, 437. Robert Blanchmains, _F F_. Humbert Blanchmains, _P P_.

Blanchpain, 367, 508. Roger Blancpain, _A_. Edmund Blankpayn, _D_.

Blank, 446. Riolle le Blanc, _C_. John le Blank, _M_.

Blanket, 446, 454. Robert Blanket, _B_. John Blanket, _X_.

Blaxter (_v._ Blackester), 328.

Blind, 434. Ralph le Blinde, _A_. Wille Blynd, _J_.

Bliss, 452. John Blisse, _A_.

Blisswench, 472. Alicia Blissewenche, _A_.

Blocker, 264. Deodatus le Blokkere, _A_. Richard le Blockhewere, _E_.

Blond, 446. Reginald le Blond, _A_. Gilbert Blond, _F F_.

Blondel, 446. Amicia Blondelle, _F F_. Olive Blondell, _F F_.

Blood, 510. William Blood, _X_. Thomas Blood, _F F_.

Bloodletter, 383. Thomas Blodletere, _A_. William Bloodletter, _X_. John Bloodlatter, _W_ 12.

Blount, 446. David le Blound, _B_. Hugh le Blount, _M_.

Blower, 236. Mabil le Blouer, _A_. Robert le Blowere, _T_.

Blowhorn (_v._ Hornblow), 236. Gilbert Blouhorn, _A_.

Blubber, 469. William le Blubere, _A_. Nicholas Bluber, _A_.

Blue, 447. Walter le Bleu, _E_.

Blund, 446. Herbert le Blund, _A_. Amabella le Blund, _B_.

Blundell, 446. Jordan Blundel, _N_. Petronilla Blundel, _T_.

Blunt, 446. Alicia le Blunt, _B_. Sibil le Blunt, _G_.

Blythe, 463, 472. Antony Blythe, _Z_. Richard Blythe, _Z_.

Blythman, 463. William Blythman, _W_ 3. Jasper Blithman, _Z_.

Boar, 491. Richard le Bor, _A_. Robert le Bor, _E_.

Boarder, 252.

Boardman, 252. Hugh Boardman, _Z Z_. Peter Boordman, _Z Z_.

Boatman, 409. Peter Boatman, _F F_. Jacob Boatman, _F F_.

Boatswain, 409. Richard le Botsweyn, _M_. Edward Botswine, _Z_.

Boatwright (_v._ Botwright), 277.

Bodkin, 51. Robert Bodekin, _A_. Andrew Bawdkyn, _W_ 9.

Body, 455. William Body, _A_. Robert Body, _F F_.

Boffill (_v._ Beaufils), 430, 507.

Bold (1), 467, William le Bold, _M_. Robert le Bolde, _R_. (2), 136, John de la Bold, _A_. Elias de la Bolde, _A_.

Bolderson (_v._ Balderson), 52.

Boleyn, Bollen, 168. Simon de Boleyn, _F F_. Richard de Boloygne, _A_. John de Boloyne, _A_.

Bollinger, 364. Richard le Bollinger, _E_.

Boloneis, 168. Stacius le Boloneis, _A_.

Bolter, 275. John le Boltere, _A_. Geoffrey le Boltere, _A_.

Bon, 467. John le Bon, _O_. Duran le Bon, _M_.

Bonamy, 474. William Bienayme, _A_. William Bonamy, _A_.

Bonaventure, 507. John Bonaventure, _H_. Giot Bonaventure, _J_.

Bonchivaler, 507. John Bonchivaler, _B_. William Bonchevaler, _K_.

Bonclerk, 505. Emma Bonclerk, _H_. John Boneclerk, _H_.

Boncount, 507. Guido Boncunte, _O_.

Boncristien, 507. Andrew Boncristien, _O_.

Boncompagnon, 506.

Bond, 254. Ivo le Bonde, _A_. Robert le Bond, _B_. Richard le Bonde, _M_.

Bondame, 507. Alan Bondame, _P P_.

Bondman, 254. William Bondman, _X X_ 1.

Bone (_v._ Bon), 467. Thom. le Bone, _A_. Richard le Bone, _H_.

Bonecors, 506. Manellus Bonecors, _E_.

Bonenfant, 507. Nicholas Bonenfaunt, _M_. John Bonefaunt, _A_. Walter Bonenfaunt, _A_.

Bones, 455.

Bonfils, 507.

Bonham, Bonhomne, 507. William Bonhome, _A_. Agnes Bonhomme, _A_.

Bonjohn, 46, 504. Durand le Bonjohan, _A_. John Bon-John, _X_.

Bonner, 467. William le Bonere, _A_. Alice le Bonere, _A_.

Bonnivant, 507. John Bonnyvaunt, _Z_. John Bonyfant, _Z_.

Bonqueynt, 507. Andrew le Bonqueynt, _J_.

Bonserjeant, 506. John Bonserjeant, _A_. Richard Bonsergaunt, _G_.

Bonsquier, 507. Wiliam Bonsquier, _A_. Walter le Bonesquier, _M M_.

Bontemps, 467. Thomas Bontemps, _F F_.

Bonvalet, 507. John Bonvalet, _J_. Richard Bonvallet, _A_.

Bonyfant (_v._ Bonenfant), 507. Henry Bonyfant, _A_.

Bookbinder, 405. John Bokbyndere, _X_. Dionisia le Bokebyndere, _X_. Robert Bukebynder, _W_ 9.

Boon (_v._ Bon), 467. Alice le Bonne, _A_. William Boon, _B_.

Boor, Robert le Boor, _B_. Robert le Boor, _G_.

Booth, 135. Nicholas de la Bothe, _A_. Odo de la Booth, _F F_.

Boothman, 135. Roger Bothman, _A_. Henry Bootheman, _Z Z_.

Borden, 118. John de Borden, _C_. Mathew de Borden, _E_.

Border (_v._ Boarder), 252.

Bordman (_v._ Boardman), 252. Ralph Bordman, _Z Z_. James Bordman, _F F_.

Borehunt, 238. Henry Borehunte, _D_.

Borroughs, 138.

Borrows, 138.

Bosher, 264.

Boswell. Henry de Bosevil, _A_. John de Boseville, _A_.

Botcher (_v._ Butcher), 374. Elias le Bocher, _M_. John le Bocher, _M_.

Boteler (_v._ Butler), 211. Ralph le Boteler, _B_. Walter le Boteler, _M_.

Botiler (_v._ Butler), 117. Teobald le Botiler, _A_. Richer le Botiller, _A_.

Botwright, 277. John Botewright, _F F_. Bartholomew Botwright, _Z_.

Boulter (_v._ Bolter), 275.

Bourdon (_v._ Burdon) 461.

Boutflower (_v._ Beauflour), 442. Margaret Butflower, _F F_. William Beauflour, _B_.

Boville, 151. Warin de Boville, _A_. William de Bovile, _A_.

Bowcher, 374. John Bowcher, _Z Z_. William Bowcher, _Z Z_.

Bowen, 12. Griffin ap Oweyn, _R_. Jane Abowen, _Z_. James Aphowen, _X X_ 2.

Bower, (1), 226, John le Bower, _A_. (2), 135 Richard atte Bowre, _M_.

Bowerman, 135. William Bourman, _F_.

Bowler, 388. John le Bolur, _A_. Robert le Boller, _M_. Adam le Bolour, _M_.

Bowmaker, 226. George Bowmaker, _S S_. Robert Boumaker, _W_ 1. John Bowmaykere, _W_ 3.

Bowman, 225. Robert Bowman, _Z_. John Bowman, _Z Z_.

Bowshank, 438. Gerald Bushanke, _A_.

Bowsher, 374. Katerin Bowghshere, _F_. George Beawsher, _F_.

Bowyer, 226. William le Boghyere, _A_. Adam le Boghiere, _M_. William le Bowyer, _H_.

Boyce (_v._ Boys) 154.

Boyer (_v._ Bowyer) 226. Geoffry le Boyer _T_. Adam le Boiere, _E_.

Boys, 154. Ralph del Boyes, _A_. Henry du Boys, _M_.

Braban, 164. Saher de Braban, _E_. Arnald de Braban, _M_.

Brabaner (_v._ Braban), 164. Isabel Brabaner, _Z Z_. Robert Brabaner, _Z Z_.

Brabant (_v._ Braban), 164. Margaret Brabant, _Z_. John Brabant, _Z Z_.

Brabazon, 164. Roger le Brabanzon, _M_. Reginald le Brebanzon, _H_. Roger le Brabanson, _H_.

Bracegirdle, 349. Justinian Bracegirdle, _Z_.

Bracegirdler (_v._ Bregirdler), 349.

Bracer, 379. Robert le Bracer, _A_. William le Bracur, _T_. Reginald Bracciator, _A_.

Braceress, 379. Clarice le Braceresse, _A_. Letitia Braciatrix, _A_. Emma le Braceresse, _T_.

Bradshaw, 117. Mabel de Bradschaghe, _A A_ 2.

Brailer, 349. Roger le Braeler, _A_. Stephen le Brayeler, _X_.

Braithwaite, 121. Roger de Bratwayt, _A_. Richard Braythwait, _X X_ 1.

Branson (_v._ Brainson). John fil. Briani, _A_. Edward Bransonne, _Z_.

Brasher (_v._ Brazier), 392.

Brass, 436. Simon Braz, _A_. John Brass, _M_.

Brazdifer, 436. Walter Brasdefer, _E_. Simon Brazdefer, _E_. Michael Brasdefer, _B B_.

Brazier, 392. Robert le Brazur, _G_. William le Brasour, _N_.

Breadmongster, 364. Sara la Bredemongestere, _X_.

Breadwright, 278.

Breakspeare, 462. Adrian Brakspere, _H H_. Alexander Brekspere, _M M_.

Bregirdler, 349. John le Bregerdelere, _X_.

Brelson (_v._ Burletson). Henry Brelson, _Z_.

Bret, Brett, 158. Hamo le Brett, _A_. Milo le Bret, _M_.

Bretter (_v._ Breviter), 217. William Bretter, _Z Z_.

Breviter, 217. Peter le Brevetour, _M_. Ely le Breveter, _O_. Richard Brevyter, _Z_.

Brewer, 379. Walter le Browere, _B_. William le Brewere, _J_.

Brewery, 379, 382. John de la Bruere, _A_. Walter de la Bruario, _M_.

Brewster, 379. Emma le Breustere, _A_.

Brianson (1), Giles de Brianzon, _M_. William de Brianzon, _DD_. (2), Thomas fil. Brian, _A_. William fil. Brian, _A_.

Bricot (_v._ Brice), 30. Bricot de Brainton, _M M_.

Brice, 30. Brice fil. William, _A_. Brice de Bradelegh, _A_. Bricius le Daneys, _R_. Brice Persona, _A_.

Bridge-end, 114. John ate Bruge-ende, _A_. Stephen atte Brigende, _B_. William atte Brigende, _M_.

Bridgeman (_v._ Bridgman), 113. John Bridgeman, _V_ 7.

Bridger, 113, 285. John Bridger, _Z_.

Bridgman, 113, 285. Jasper Bridgeman, _Z_. Giles Bridgman, _F F_.

Briggs (_i.e._, Bridge). Roger del Brigge, _M_. Sarra atte Brigge, _B_.

Briton, 158. Wygan le Bretun, _A_. Robert le Breton, _B_. Ivo le Breton, _E_.

Britt, 158. Thomas le Brit, _B_. Wydo le Brit, _A_. Nicholas Britte, _X X_ 1.

Brittain (_v._ Briton), 158.

Britten (_v._ Briton), 158.

Britton (_v._ Briton), 158.

Broad, 381. John le Brode, _B_. Richard le Brod, _M_.

Broadbelt, 431. Joan Broydbelt, _W_ 11. Robert Brodebelte, _W_ 17.

Broadcombe, 125. Robert de Brudecombe, _M_.

Broadgirdle, 431. William Brodgirdel, _A_.

Broadhay, 133. Robert de Broadheye, _A_.

Broadhead, 435. Walter Brodheved, _A_. Edmund Broadheade, _Z Z_.

Broadpenny, 482. William Brodepeny, _M_.

Brock (1), 489. Walter le Broc, _T_. Henry le Brok, _A_. (2), (_v._ Brook), 108. Edeline de Broc, _E_. Elias del Broc, _T_.

Brocklehurst, 116.

Brockman, 238. John Brockeman, _H_. Robert le Borckman, _A_.

Brogden, 118. Alice Brockden, _Z Z_. James Brocden, _F F_.

Brogger, 414.

Broiderer, 347. John Brauderer, _O_.

Broker, 414. Robert the Brochere, _B_. Thomas le Brokur, _M_. Simon le Brokour, _G_.

Brook, Brooke, 108. Alice de la Broke, _A_. Ada ate Brok, _B_. Laurence del Broc, _A_.

Brooker, 113.

Brookman, 113. John Brokeman, _C_.

Brother, 430. William le Brother, _A_. Wymond Brother, _M_.

Brotherhood, 191. Nicholas Brotherhood, _P P_. John Brotherhood, _W_ 20.

Brotherson, 430.

Brough, 138.

Brown, 445. Wymarc Brown, _A_. Simon le Brown, _M_. John le Broune, _G_.

Brownbeard, 449. John Brownberd, _X X_ 4. Janet Brownebeard, _W_ 11.

Brownbill, 459.

Brownjohn, 46, 503.

Brownking, 505. Simon Brun-king, _E_.

Brownknave, 505. Richard Brownknave, _Z_.

Brownman, 445. Richard Broneman, _A_.

Brownsmith, 281. Thomas Brownesmythe, _Z Z_. Hester Brownsmith, _F F_.

Brownson. Roger fil Broun, _A_. Reginald fil. Brun, _M M_.

Brownswain, 505. John Brounsweyn, _P_.

Brownsword, 462. Richard Brownsworde, _A A_ 3. Thomas Brownesworde, _Z Z_. Cicely Brownsword, _A A_ 4.

Bruges. Saher de Bruges, _E_. Oliva de Bruges, _E_.

Brun, 445. Hugh le Brun, _B_. Nigel le Brun, _C_.

Brune, 445. Alicia le Brune, _B_. Robert le Brune, _M_.

Brunell, 445. Brunellus Carpenter, _E_.

Brunman, 445. Henry Brunman, _A_. Robert Brunman, _O_.

Brunne, 445. William le Brunne, _G_.

Bruselance, 462. Robert Bruselance, _A_.

Bryson (_v._ Brice), 30. Henry fil. Brice, _V_ 8. Barnabe Brisson, _V_ 4.

Buck, 488. Walter le Buk, _C_. Roger le Buck, _M_.

Buckden, 118. Sarra de Bokeden, _A_. Richard Buckden, _Q_.

Buckleboots, 501. John Bukelboots, _A A_ 1.

Buckler, 282, 459. John le Bockeler, _A_. Richard Bokeler, _Z_.

Bucklermaker, 224. Mathew Bucklermaker (Ludlow. Cam. Soc.).

Buckley, 119. Michael de Bokele, _A_. William de Bucley, _S S_.

Buckman, 235. Alan Bokeman, _A_.

Buckmaster, 235. William Buckmaster, _F_. Thomas Buckmaster, _Z_. Elias Buckmaster, _V_ 5.

Buckrell, 489. Peter Bokerel, _A_. Mathew Bokerel, _A_.

Buckskin, 500. Peter Buckeskyn, _B_. Nicholas Buxskyn, _M_.

Bucksmith, 282. John le Bokelsmyth, _X_.

Buckthorp, 137. Hamalin de Bugtorp, _A_. Thomas Bugthorppe, _W_ 11.

Buddicom, 125.

Buffler (_v._ Boutflower), 442. James Beauflur, _X_.

Bugden (_v._ Buckden), 118. William de Bugenden, _A_.

Bugge, 138, 498. Bate Bugge, _A_. Baldewin Bug, _B_.

Bulfinch, 494. Edward Bolfynch, _X_.

Bull, 489. Alice le Bule, _A_. William le Bule, _B_.

Bullard, 306.

Bullen (_v._ Boleyn), 168. William Bullen, _F F_. Robert Buleyn, _Z_.

Bullhead, 500. Richard Boleheved, _A_. John Boleheved, _M_.

Bullinger, 364. Richard le Bulenger, _E_.

Bullivant (_v._ Bonenfant), 507. Robert Ballyfaunt, _Z_.

Bullock, 490. Godwin Bulloc, _A_. Edmund Bullok, _B_.

Bulman, 271. William Bulman, _D_. Walter Bulleman, _F F_.

Bulness, 168. Stacius le Boloneis, _A_.

Bulter (_v._ Bolter), 275.

Bunker, 467. John le Boncer, _B_. William Bonquer, _O_.

Bunn (_v._ Bonn), 467. Rocelin le Bun, _A_.

Bunyan (_v._ Bonjohn), 504.

Bunyon (_v._ Bonjohn), 504.

Burder, 239. Thomas Burder, _F_.

Burdett-Coutts, 509.

Burdon, 461. Richard Burdun, _E_. Maria Burdun, _R_.

Burelman, 454. John Burelman, _X_.

Burend, 114. John atte Bur-ende, _R_.

Burgess, 184. John le Burges, _A_. Richard le Burgeis, _E_.

Burgh, 138. Walter atte Bergh, _B_. William atte Burgh, _R_.

Burghman, 138. William Burgman, _B_.

Burgon, Burgoyne, 158. John Burgoyne, _A_. Thomas Burgoyn, _B_.

Burguillun, 481. Geoff. le Burgillon, _T_. Robert le Burgulion, _M_.

Burke, 138. Hubert de Burk, _A_. John de Burk, _A_.

Burle, 442. Henry le Burle, _A_.

Burletson (_v._ Bartlett) 92, _n_. William Byrtletson, _W_ 17. William Burletson, _S S_. Bryan Burletson, _S S_.

Burman (_v._ Burghman). Isabel Bureman, _A_. John Burman, _B_.

Burnell, 445. Pagan Burnel, _J_. Burnellus Carpenter, _E_.

Burnett, 454. Thomas Burnet, _Z_.

Burrell, 340. Roger Burell, _J_. Robert Burell, _R_.

Burroughs, 138. Robert de la Berwe, _B_. Henry Burroughe, _Z_.

Burser (_v._ Purser), 398, 348. Adam le Burser, _E_. Alard le Burser, _H_.

Burtheyn, 175, _n_. William Burtheyn, _G_.

Bury, 138. Geoffrey de la Bure, _A_. John atte-Bury, _M_.

Bush (_v._ Busk), 154.

Busheler, 395, _n_. John Busheler, _F_.

Busher, 264. Reginald le Buscher, _J_. John le Busscher, _M_.

Busk, 154. Hamo de Bosco, _A_. John ad Bosc, _A_.

Buss, 154. Alicia Busse, _A_.

Bustard. Richard Bustard, _W_ 2.

Bustler, 465. Thomas le Busteler, _F F_. Robert le Bustler, _T_.

But, 378. Roger le But, _E_. John le But, _J_.

Butcher, 374. Michael le Bucher, _T_.

Butler, 211, 397. Robert le Butiler, _A_. William le Butiller, _B_. Hugh le Butellier, _E_. John le Butteller, _M_.

Butmonger, 378. Hugh Butmonger, _A_.

Butrekyde, 294. Robert Butrekyde, _A_.

Butt, 228.

Butter, 378. William le Butor, _P_.

Butterman, 327. William Buttyrman, _P_. George Butman, _Z_. Lancelot Butiman, _W_ 18.

Buttoner, 343. Henry le Botoner, _A_. Richard le Botyner, _H_. Lawrence le Botaner, _N_.

Buzzard, 493. Eustace Busard, _A_. Peter Buzard, _A_.

Byatt (_v._ Bygate), 129, 113.

Byford, 113. Abalotta de la Forde, _A_. Stephen de la Forde, _A_.

Bygate, 113, 129. Philip de la Gate, _A_. Walter de la Gate, _A_.

Bythesea, 113. Roger Bythesea, _Z_. Pagan de la Mare, _A_.

Bytheway, 113. Richard Bytheway, _Z_.

Bythewood, 113. Edward Bythewode, _A_. William Bythewood, _M_.

Bywater, 112. Elyas Bithewater, _A_. Robert Bithewater, _M_.

Bywood (_v._ Bythewood), 112.

Cachemaille, 483.

Cacherell, 152. Grig le Cacherel, _A_. Adam le Cacherel, _M_.

Cade, 144. Margery Cade, _A_. Walter Cade, _A_.

Cadman, 395. Walter Kademan, _A_. Robert Cademan, _J_.

Cæsar (_v._ Kaiser), 174. Susan Cæsar, _Z_.

Caffin, 452. Richard Chauffin, _A_.

Caird, 296.

Caitiff. Richard Caytyf, _DD_.

Caleb, 100. Caleb Morley, _T T_.

Calf, 490. Nicholas Calfe, _A_. Richard Calf, _M_.

Calisher, 393. Elena Calicer, _B_.

Callender, 495.

Caller, 336. Elias le Callere, _M_. Robert le Callere, _N_. Robert le Callerere, _N_.

Callow, 451. Richard Calewe, _M_. Richard le Calue, _F F_.

Calman, 336.

Calthrop, Caltrop, 137. William de Calthorpe, _M_. Ralph de Kalthorp, _R_.

Calve (_v._ Calf), 444. Henry le Calve, _M_. Idonia le Calwe, _T_.

Calverd, Calvert, 266. Henry Calvehird, _M_. John le Calvehird, _H_. Warin le Calvehird, _W_ 4.

Calvesmawe, 434. Robert Calvesmaghe, _M_.

Cam, 441. William le Cam, _A_. William le Cam, _R_.

Camamilla. Camamilla Helewys, _R R_ 1.

Camden, 389. John de Campeden, _A_. Maurice de Campeden, _F F_.

Camel, 487. George Camel, _W_ 20. Richard Camill, _V_ 5. William Cammille, _V_ 4.

Cameron, 441.

Camiser, 344. Bartholomew le Camisur, _X_.

Camoys, 441. John le Camoys, _A_.

Campbell, 441. Thomas Cambell, _Z_.

Campion (1), 304. Walter le Campion, _A_. John le Campion, _T_. (2), 159. (_v._ Champion, 2.)

Camuse (_v._ Camoys), 441.

Candeler (_v._ Candler), 386.

Candleman, 386. Adam Candeleman, _M_.

Candlemaker, 386. John le Candlemakere, _M_.

Candler, 386. Mathew le Candeler, _A_. John le Candeler, _E_.

Cane. Hugh de Caen, _C_. Richard de Cane, _H_.

Cannon, 191. John le Cannon, _A_. Richard Cannon, _Z_.

Canon, 191. William le Canon, _A_. Thomas le Canun, _E_.

Cant (_v._ Quaint), 471.

Canter (_v._ Chanter), 188.

Canute, 20.

Canvaser, 319, 359. Henry le Canevacer, _M_. Richard le Canvaser, _M_.

Caperon, 458. Alicia Caperun, _A_. Thomas Chaperoun, _J_.

Capet, 456.

Capmaker, 337. Thomas Capmaker, _H_.

Capman, 337. John Capman, _M_. James Kapman, _Z_.

Capon, 494. Robert le Capon, _B B_. Agnes Capun, _A_.

Capper, 337. Symon le Cappiere, _A_. Thomas le Capiere, _A_.

Carboner. Geoffrey le Carbonere, _W_ 15. Alfred Carbonator, _M M_.

Carder, 320. Peter Carder, _Z_. John Carder, _Z_.

Cardinal, 173. Walter Cardinall, _P_. William Cardynall, _Z_.

Cardmaker, 321. Robert Cardemaker, _H_.

Careful. Robert Carefull, _M M_.

Careless, 471. Roger Carles, _H_. Antony Careless, _Z_.

Carlton, 134. Geoffrey de Carlton, _A_. Audeley Carleton, _Z_.

Carman, 238. Henry Carman, _A_. Matilda Carman, _A_.

Carnifex, 375. Hugh Carnifex, _A_. Henry Carnifex, _M_.

Carpenter, 249. Amice le Charpenter, _T_. Stephen le Charpenter, _B_. Robert le Carpenter, _M_.

Carter, 288. Magge le Carter, _A_. William le Caretter, _E_. Robert le Carecter, _A_. Robert le Karetter, _A_.

Carteress. Cristina le Carteres, _A_.

Cartman, 288.

Cartwright, 277. Robert le Cartwright, _B_. Thomas Cartwright, _Z_.

Carver, 214. Adam le Karver, _A_. Richard le Kerver, _A_.

Casier, 174, _n_. 278, 369. Michael le Casiere, _M_. Benedict le Casiere, _M_.

Cassell. John de Castell, _A_. William de Castell, _A_.

Castelan, Castleman, 204. Jocelin le Castlelyn, _R_. John le Chastilioun, _R_. Thomas le Chastelain, _M_. William Castleman, _Z_.

Catalonia, 170. Robert de Catalonia, p. 170.

Catcher, 182. Adam le Cacher, _A_. Richard le Catchere, _A_.

Catcherel, 182. Nicholas le Cacherel, _A_. Lucas Cacherellus, _A_.

Catchhare. Hugh Cachehare, _M_.

Catchman, 152. Edmund Catchman, _Z Z_.

Catchpeny, 483. Nicholas Kachepeny, _A_.

Catchpole, Catchpoll, Catchpool, 182. Hugh le Cachepol, _M_. Geoffrey le Cachepol, _A_. Michael Catchpoole, _Z_.

Cater, Caterer, Catour, 210. Henry le Catour, _A_. John le Catur, _J_. Nicholas le Catour, _B_.

Catlinson, 71. Richard Catlynson, 55. Eleonore Catlynsson, _W_ 12. Thomas Katlynson, _W_ 11.

Cats-nose, 500. Agnes Cattesnese, _A_.

Catt, 492. Adam le Kat, _C_. Milo le Chat, _E_. Elyas le Cat, _A_.

Catterman (_v._ Quarterman), 437. Richard Catermayn, _H_.

Cattell, Cattle, (_v._ Chettle), 24. Cattle Bagge, _A_.

Cattlin, 71. Robert Catelyne, _H H_. Richard Kateline, _A_.

Caury-Maury 457. John Caury-Maury, _V_ 8.

Cayser, Cayzer, 174. Samson le Cayser, _A_. Thomas le Cayser, _A_.

Cecil, 19. Richard fil. Cecille, _A_. Thomas Cicell, _Z_.

Cecilia, 69. Cecilia in the Lane, _A_. Cecilia la Grase, _T_. Sissilie Linscale, _W_ 16.

Ceinter, 349. Girard le Ceinter, _C_. Robert le Ceynter, _M_.

Cellarer, 211. Richard le Cellarer, _O_. John Cellarer, _D_.

Centlivre, 513. Grace Centlivre, Joseph Centlivre, _v._ p. 513.

Centurer, 349. Nicholas le Ceynturer, _A_. Richard le Ceynturer, _A_. Benet Seinturer, _v._ p. 349.

Cesselot (_v._ Sisselot), 69. Bella Cesselot, _A_. Alicia fil. Sesselot, _A_.

Chaffinch, 494. Abraham Caffinch, _v._ 13.

Chalk (_v._ Schalk), 212 _n_.

Chalker, 259. Thomas le Chalker, _A_. Gilbert le Chalker, _A_.

Challen, 170. Rodger de Chaluns, _A_. Piers de Chalouns, _M_.

Challender, 495.

Challenor (_v._ Chaloner), 357.

Challice, Challis, 393.

Challoner, Chaloner, 357. Jordan le Chaluner, _T_. John le Chaloner, _B_. Peter le Chaloner, _M_. Nicholas le Chalouner, _A_.

Chamberlain, Chamberlayne, 205. Walter le Chamberleyne, _A_. Simon le Chamberlain, _M_. Henry le Chaumberleyne, _B_.

Chambers, 205. Henry de la Chambre, _A_. William de la Chaumbre, _B_.

Champagne, 159. Robert de Chaumpaigne, _M_.

Champion (1), 304. Katerina le Champion, _A_. William le Chaumpion, _A_. (2), 159. Roger de Champion, _B_.

Champness, Champneys, 158. Robert le Champeneis, _E_. Roger le Chaumpeneys, _A_. Stephen le Champenays, _L_.

Chancellor, 188. Thomas le Chanceler, _M_. Geoffrey le Chaunceler, _R_.

Chandler, 386. Jordan le Chaundler, _C_. Roger le Chaundeler, _B_.

Changer, 413. Henry le Chaunger, _M_. Adam Chaunger, _F F_.

Chanster, 188. Stephen le Chanster, _J_. Williametta Cantatrix, _E_.

Chanter, 188. Christiana le Chaunter, _A_. William le Chantour, _M_.

Chapell. Henry atte Chapelle, _M_. Hugh de la Chapele, _A_.

Chapeller, 337. Robert le Chapeler, _A_. Edmund le Chapeler, _M_.

Chaperon, 458. Almeric Chaperon, _O_.

Chaplain, Chaplin, 188. Reginald le Chapelein, _J_. Hamo le Chapeleyn, _T_.

Chapman, 296. Geoffrey le Chapman, _M_. Alard le Chapman, _T_.

Charer, 287. John le Charer, _O_. Richard le Charrer, _M_. John le Charrer, _A_.

Charioteer, 287. John Charioteer, _W_ 2. Thomas Charietter, _Z_.

Charity, 103. John Charite, _A_. Charitie Bowes, _Z_.

Charlesworth, 134.

Charlewood, 134. Isabelle Charlewood, _Z_. John Charlewood, _Z_.

Charley, 134. Philip de Charleye, _M_. John Charley, _Z Z_.

Charlton, 134. Thomas de Charlton, _M_. Henry de Charewelton, _A_.

Charman, 288. John Charman, _F F_. John Chareman, _H H_.

Charner, 272. Thomas le Charner, _A_.

Charter, 287. William le Charetter, _G_. Andrew le Chareter, _M_. John le Charter, _M_.

Charteris, Charters, 168. Ralph de Chartres, _M_. Alan de Chartres, _M_.

Chartman (_v._ Cartman), 287. John Chartman, _F F_.

Chaser, 230. Simon le Chasur, _A_.

Chatelain (_v._ Castelan), 204. Ralph le Chatelaine, _A_.

Chaucer, 354. Gerard le Chaucer, _H_. Mary le Chaucer, _N_. Ralph le Chaucer, _E_. Robert le Chaucer, _M_.

Chauntecler, 494. Roger Chauntecler, _B_. Agnes Chauntler, _Z_.

Cheek, 433. John Cheeke, _Z_.

Cheese, 144. Nicholas Chese, _T_. John Chese, _X_.

Cheese-and-bread, 501. Geoffrey Cheese-and-brede, _W_ 5.

Cheese-house, 369. Adam del Cheshus, _A_.

Cheesemaker, 369. Robert le Chesemaker, _A_.

Cheeseman, 369. John le Cheseman, _A_. Edward Cheseman, _H_.

Cheesemonger, 369. Adam le Chismonger, _H_. Alan le Chesmongere, _L_.

Cheesewright, 277, 369. John Chesewright, _Z_.

Cheever, 491. Henry le Chivere, _M_. Jordan Chevre, _C_.

Cheke (_v._ Cheek), 433.

Chen (_v._ Ken), 492. Reginald le Chen, _M_. William le Chien, _E_.

Chepman, 296. Walter le Chepeman, _M_. John le Chepman, _B_.

Chesswright (_v._ Cheesewright), 369. William Cheswright, _Z_.

Chettle (_v._ Kettle), 24. Chetel Frieday, _F F_.

Chevalier, 507. Walter le Chevaler, _A_. Roger le Chevaler, _A_.

Chevestrer, 413. Adam le Chevestrer, _A_.

Chicken, 494. John Chikin, _A_. Philip Chikin, _A_.

Chietsmith, 283. John Chietsmyth, _X_.

Child, Childe, 202. Milisent le Child, _A_. Walter le Child, _M_. Roger le Childe, _A_.

Chin, 433. John Chyne, _A_.

Chippendale, 296.

Chit, 442. John le Chit, _R_.

Chitterling. Richard Chiterling, _A_.

Chitty, 442. Agnes Chittye, _Z_. John Chittie, _Z_.

Choice-Pickrell, 508.

Christian, 30, 507. Christian Forman, _W_ 2. Brice Christian, _A_.

Christiana, 30. Joan Cristina, _A_. Cristina Alayn, _A_.

Christie (_v._ Christian), 30.

Christison, 30. John fil. Christian, _A_. Robert fil. Christine, _M_.

Christmas, Cristmas, 62. Simon Christemasse, _A_. Richard Cristemasse, _M_.

Christmas-Day, 509.

Christoferson, 57. Richard Christoferson, _Z Z_.

Christopher, 57. John Christophre, _M_. William Cristofer, _Z_.

Chubb, 497. John Chubbe, _Z_. Isabell Chubb, _Z_.

Chuffer, 482. Simon le Chuffere, _A_.

Church, 113. Robert atte Chyrche, _A_. Alicia atte Chirche, _B_.

Churchay, 134. William atte Churchehaye, _A_. Robert atte Churchey, _W_.

Churchclerk, 189. Walter le Churcheclerk, _M_.

Churcher, 113. Richard Churcher, _Z_. Johan Churcher, _Z_.

Churchdoor. Reginald atte Churchedoor, _M_.

Churchgate, 130. Robert atte Chirchyate, _M_.

Churchman, 113. Ouse le Churcheman, _A_. Simon le Cherchman, _M_.

Churchstile. John atte Churchestighele, _M_.

Churner (_v._ Charner), 272. Robert Chirner, _W_ 9.

Cicely (_v._ Cicilia), 69. Cicely Harbord, _Z_.

Cirgier, 386. William le Cirgier, _X_.

Cirographer, 406. William le Cirographer, _A_. Isaac Cyrographer, _E_.

Cissor, 340. Walter Cyssor, _A_. Hugh Cissor, _M_.

Clare (_v._ Sinclair), 124.

Clarice, 19. Alan fil. Clarice, _A_. Claricia Crowe, _A_. Richard Clarisse, _A_.

Clark, Clarke, (_v._ Clerk), 412.

Claver, 185. Henry le Claver, _E_. Agnes le Claver, _F F_. John le Clavier, _B B_.

Clavenger, Clavinger, 185. Robert Clavynger, _H_.

Clay. Alice in le Clay, _A_. Thomas de la Cley, _A_.

Clayer, 259. Simon le Clayere, _A_.

Cleangrise (_v._ Cleanhog), 499. Roger Clenegrise, _A_.

Cleanhand. John Cleanhond, _X_.

Cleanhog, 499. William Clenehog, _A_.

Cleanwater. John Klenewater. Lower 1, 242.

Cleaver (_v._ Claver), 154. John Cleaver, _F F_. William Cleaver, _V_ 6.

Clement, Clements, Clementson, Clemms, Clempson, Clemson, 98. Richard Clement, _W_ 16. Ralph fil. Clemence, _A_. Eustace fil. Clement, _A_. Roger Clempson, _Z_. Peter fil. Clem, _A_. Joyce Clemson, _Z_.

Clerk, Clerke, 189, 465. Beatrix le Clerc, _A_. Milo le Clerk, _A_.

Clerkson, 65. Geoffrey fil. Clerici, _A_. William Clerkessone, _M_.

Clerkwright, 402. Robert Clerkwright, _S_.

Cleve, 124. Henry de la Clyve, _A_. Thomas de Cleve, _F F_.

Cleveland, 124.

Clever (_v._ Cleaver), 154. William le Clever, _F F_.

Clifden, 124. Raymund de Clifden, _A_. Thomas de Cliffedon, _A_.

Cliffe, 124. Thomas del Clif, _A_. Henry de Clyf, _M_.

Clifford, 124. Robert de Clyfford, _M_. Roger de Clyfford, _E_.

Cliffshend, 114. John de Cleveshend, _E_. Martin de Clyveshend, _A_.

Clifton, 124. Ralph de Clifton, _A_. Gervase Clifton, _X X_ 1.

Clive, 124. Humfrey de la Clive, _A_. William atte Clyve, _M_.

Cliveley, 124. John de Clyveley, _A_. Nicholas Cleveley, _X X_ 1.

Clockmaker, 401. Thomas Clokmaker, _Y_.

Cloisterer, 191. Johannes Closterer, _W_ 12.

Clothier, Clothman. Robert Clothman, _X X_ 2.

Clough, 124. Roger Clough, _A._ Richard Cloughe, _Z_.

Clouter, 352. John le Clutere, _N_. Stephen le Clutere, _N_.

Cloutman (_v._ Clouter), 352.

Clowes, 124. John Clowes, _Z_. Thomas Clowes, _Z_.

Coachman, 288. Dorothy Coachman, _V_ 5. Telney Coachman, _V_ 5. John Coacheman, _Z_.

Cobb, 124. Robert de Cobbe, _M_. Milisent Cobbe, _A_.

Cobbett (_v._ Cuthbert), 56.

Cobbler, 352. Robert le Cobeler, _A_. Edward Cobler, _H_.

Cobden, 124. Godfrey de Coppden, _M_. John Copedenne, _A_.

Cobham, 124. Reginald de Cobeham, _M_. John de Cobbeham, _A_.

Cobley, 124.

Cobwell, 124. John de Cobwell, _M_.

Cock (1), 145. Peter atte Cok, _B_. William atte Cok, _G_. (2), 485. John le Koc, _A_. Katerina le Cok, _B_.

Cockaigne, Cockayne, 148. Alan de Cokayne, _A_. Richard de Cockayne, _A_.

Cocker, 307. Simon le Cockere, _A_. William le Kokere, _A_. John le Coker, _M_.

Cockerell, 494. Giot Cockerel, _M_. Jac. Quoquerell, _C_.

Cockeyn (_v._ Cockaigne), 148.

Cockin (_v._ Cockaigne), 148. Richard Cokyn, _H_.

Cockman, 307. Maud Cockman, _F F_. Robert Cokeman, _M_.

Cockney, 148. John Cokeney, _B_.

Cocksbrain, 500. William Cockesbrayne, _A_.

Cockshead, 447. Adam Cocksheved, _M_. Antony Cockshead, _Z_.

Cockshaw, 117. Adam de Cokeshaw, _A_. John de Cokeshaw, _A_.

Cockshot, 116. Alan Cockshott, _F_. John Cockshott, _Z_.

Cockson (_v._ Cookson), 65. Edward Cockson, _Z_. John Cockson, _E E_.

Codde, 497. Thomas Codde, _F F_. Joan Codde, _F F_.

Codiner (_v._ Cordwaner), 351.

Codling, 497. Alan Codling, _F F_. Simon Codlyng, _F F_.

Codner (_v._ Cordwaner), 351.

Cœurdebeef, 500. Thomas Cordebeofe, _A_. John Queerdebœf, _B_.

Coffer, Cofferer, 218, 336, 396. Godfrey le Coffrer, _A_. Ralph le Coffrer, _H_. John le Coffrer, _M_.

Coffin, 144, 397. Richard Coffyn, _H_. Elias Coffyn, _J_.

Cogger, 408. Hamond le Cogger, _O_. Henry Cogger, _P_.

Cogman, 408. Benjamin Cogman, _F F_.

Coifer, 336. Emma le Coyfere, _A_. Ralph le Coifier _E_. Dionysia la Coyfere, _A_.

Coke (_v._ Cook), 206, 365. Roger le Coke, _M_. Alexander Coke, _A_.

Cole (_v._ Colin), 95.

Coleman, 22. Editha Coleman, _A_. Coleman le Hen, _A_.

Colet (_v._ Collet), 189, 96. Nicholas Colyt, _M_. William Kolytte, _W_ 11.

Colfox, 499. Thomas Colfox, _Z_. Richard Colvox, _A_.

Colinson, 16, 96. William fil. Colin, _A_. Colin le Balistar, _E_.

Collet (_v._ Colet), 189, 96. Colletta Clarke, _H H_. Henry Collette, _X X_ 1.

Collier. Robert le Coliere, _A_. John le Collier, _C_.

Collinge (_v._ Culling), 170.

Collins (_v._ Collinson), 96. Colinus de Barentyn, _E_. Colin le Ferur, _A_.

Collinson (_v._ Colinson), 96. John Collynson, _Z_. Lanclot Colynson, _W_ 11.

Collopp, 333 _n_. John Collop, _A_. Mabil Collope, _A_.

Colson (_v._ Colinson), 96. George Collison, _H H_. Robert Colson, _H H_.

Colswain, 505. Stephen Colesweyne, _A_. Richard Colsweyn, _T_.

Colt, 490. Roger le Colt, _A_. William le Colt, _A_. Joan Colte, _V_ 7.

Coltman, 267. John Coltman, _H_. Geoffrey Coltman, _M_. Richard Coltman, _W_ 11.

Colville, 151. William de Colville, _M_. Felip de Colville, _A_.

Colyer (_v._ Collier). Henry le Colyer, _A_.

Comb, Combe, 125. Elias de Comb, _A_. William atte Combe, _M_. Nicholas atte Combe, _M_.

Comber, 320. John le Comber, _A_. Walter le Comber, _E_.

Commander. William le Comandur, _A_. William Commander, _Z_.

Conder, 377.

Coney, 139, 489. Henry Cony, _D_. John Conay, _A_.

Coneybeare, 139.

Coneythorp, 137. Robert de Conigthorpe, _X X_ 4.

Congreave, 120. Robert de Conesgrave, _A_. William Congrove, _H_. Henry Conygrave, _X X_ 2.

Coning, 139. Nicholas Conyng, _H_. Peter Conyng, _P_. Michael Conning, _W_ 20.

Coningsby, 139. John de Conyngsby, _P_. Walter de Cunnyngby, _A_.

Conington, Connington, 139. John de Conyngton, _A_. Thomas de Conyton, _A_.

Conqueror. William Conqueror, _A_. Robert Conqueraunt, _A_.

Constable, 203. John le Conestable, _B_. Robert le Conestable, _G_.

Constance, 19, 67. William fil. Constance, _A_.

Convert, 167. Dyonis le Convers, _A_. Stephen le Convers, _B_. Nicholas le Conners, _B_.

Conyers (_v._ Convert), 197.

Cook, Cooke, 206, 365. Emma Coca, _A_. Roger le Cook, _M_. Joan le Cook, _F F_.

Cookman, 206, 365. William Cokeman, _J_. John Cookman, _W_ 9.

Cookson, 65, 365. Robert fil. Coci, _A_. John Cokesson, _F F_. Henry Cukeson, _W_ 11.

Cooper, 389, 394. Richard le Cupare, _A_. John le Cuper, _M_.

Coote, 494.

Cope, 124. Robert Cope, _A_. Adam Cope, _M_.

Copeland, 124. William de Copelaunde, _E_. John Copland, _Z_.

Copeman, 296, 124. Laurence Copiman, _A_. Hugh Cowpman, _K_.

Coper, 296. John le Copere, _A_.

Copestake, 124. William Copestake, _Z_.

Copley, 124. Avery Copley, _Z_. Christopher Copley, _Z_. Thomas de Coppeley, _X X_ 4.

Copp (1). John le Coppe, _A_. Thomas le Coppe, _A_. (2), 124. John de la Coppe, _F F_. Richard de la Coppe, _F F_.

Copped 353. Hugh le Coppede, _A_. John le Copede, _M_.

Copperbeard, 449. Robert Coperberd, _N_.

Corbet, 151. Nicholas Corbet, _M_. Felicia Corbet, _A_.

Corder, 399. Adam le Corder, _A_. Peter le Corder, _A_.

Cordiner, Cordwaner, 351. Durant le Cordwaner, _M_. Roger le Cordewaner, _C_. Gervaise le Cordewaner, _N_.

Corfe, 452. John Chauf, _A_. Geoffrey le Cauf, _E_.

Coroner, 179. John le Coroner, _M_. Henry le Corouner, _A_.

Corner (1), 179. John le Corner, _A_. Waiter le Cornur, _K_. (2), 130, 179. William de la Cornere, _A_. Robert Atte Cornere, _M_.

Cornmonger, 275. Ralph le Cornmonger, _T_. Henry le Cornmongere, _M_.

Cornish, 147. William Cornish, _D_. Margery Cornish, _H_.

Cornthwaite, 121.

Cornwall, 169, 147. Geoffrey de Cornwayle, _B_. Wauter de Cornwaille, _M_.

Cornwallis, 148. Thomas le Cornwaleys, _A_. Philip le Cornwaleys, _L_. Walter le Cornewaleys, _X_.

Corsdebeef, 500. Thomas Cors-de-bœf, _A_. Thomas Cor-de-beofe, _B_. Galiena Cordebeof, _J_.

Corser, Corviser, 286, 351. Ralph le Coreviser, _A_. William le Corviser, _B_. Durand le Corveser, _M_.

Cosier, 352.

Cosser (_v._ Corser), 286.

Cotman (1), 252. Richard Coteman, _A_. William Coteman, _A_. (2). Thomas fil. Cotman, _A_. John fil. Cotman, _A_.

Cotter, 252. William le Cotier, _A_. Simon le Cotere, _F F_.

Cotterel, Cottrell, 252. William Coterel, _M_. Joice Cotterill, _Z_.

Cotwife, 252. Beatrix Cotewife, _A_.

Coucher, 360. John le Cochere, _A_. William Coucher, _W_ 2.

Couchman (_v._ Coachman), 288. Richard Couchman, _Z_. William Cowcheman, _E E_.

Coudray, 154. William de Coudraye, _M_. Peter de Coudray, _R_.

Coulman, 337. Launcelot Coulman, _Z_.

Coulthart, Coulthard, Coulherd, 267. John Colthirde, _W_ 9. Davy Cowthird, _W_ 18.

Coultman, 267.

Councillor, Councilman, 185.

Count, 174. John le Cunte, _E_. Peter le Counte, _G_. Richard le Counte, _N_.

Countess, 174, 507. Judetha Commitissa, _A_. John Countesse, _A_.

Countryman. John Cuntreman, _A_.

Couper, 394. Nicholas le Couper, _A_. Warin le Couper, _M_.

Couperess, 394. Roger Couperesse, _A_.

Coupman. Richard Coupman, _A_.

Courcy, 151.

Court. Baldwin atte Curt, _M_. Godfrey ate Curt, _M_.

Cousen, Cousin, Couzen, 429. Richard le Cusyn, _A_. John le Cosyn, _G_. Thomas le Cozun, _E_.

Cover, 395. Richard le Cuver, _O_. Walter le Cuver, _E_. Michael le Cuver, _A_.

Coverer, 395. Robert le Coverour, _A_. Adam le Covreur, _M_.

Covetous, 483. Gilbert le Covetiose, _M_.

Cow (1), 490. Thomas le Cu, _A_. Ralph le Cou, _M_. (2), 485. Thomas del Cou, _M_.

Coward, 266. William le Kuherde, _A_. John le Couherde, _D_. Adam le Cowhirde, _M_.

Cowbeytson, 56. Nicholas Cowbeytson, _W_ 9.

Cowden, 118. Thomas Cowden, _F F_. Nathaniel Cowden, _F F_.

Cowler, 337. Richard le Couhelere, _M_.

Cowley, 119. Alexander de Couleye, _A_. Roger de Couele, _A_.

Cowman, 271.

Cowper (_v._ Couper), 389, 394. Willelmus Cowpere, _W_ 19.

Cowpman, (_v._ Coupman) 394. Richard Cowpeman, _A_.

Coxhead (_v._ Cockshead), 447. Thomas Coxhead, _H H_.

Coxon (_v._ Cockson), 65.

Coyking, 505. John Coyking, _M_.

Crabb, 497.

Crabtree. John Crabtre, _W_ 16. William Crabtree, _W_ 16.

Crackshield, 462. Thomas Crackyshield.

Cramp (_v._ Crump), 440. William Cramp, _Z_.

Cramphorn, 461. Joseph Cramphorne.

Crane, 144, 494. Hugh le Crane, _G_. William le Crane, _E_.

Crask, 432. Walter le Crask, _F F_.

Crass, 432. Richard le Cras, _A_. John le Cras, _M_. Stephen Crassus, _J_.

Crestolot, 16. Crestolot de Pratis, _DD_.

Crimp (_v._ Crump), 440.

Cripling, 441. William Crypling, _A_.

Crisp, 450. Robert le Crespe, _A_. Reginald le Crispe, _J_.

Crocker 392. Simon le Crockere, _A_. Stephen le Crockere, _M_.

Croft, Crofts, 132. Roger de Croftes, _A_. Agnes de Croftis, _A_.

Croiser, 158. Simon le Croiser, _M_. William Croiser, _H_.

Croker, 392. Robert Croker, _F_. John le Croker, _M_.

Crook, 461. Roger le Cruk, _M_. John Cruke, _A_.

Crookbone, 440. Henry Croakbane, _A_. Geoffrey Crokebayn, _W_ 4.

Crooke (_v._ Crook), 440. Vincent Crooke, _Z_.

Crookhorn, 461. John Crokehorn, _B_. Robert Crokehorn, _T_.

Cropper, 256. Roger the Cropper, _A A_ 2. Robin the Cropper, _A A_ 2.

Crosier (_v._ Crozier), 190. William Croyser, _G_.

Cross, Crosse, 130. John atte Cross, _M_. Roger del Cros, _R_. Jordan ad Crucem, _A_.

Crosser, 113.

Crossman, 113. Julyan Crosman, _Z_. Emme Crossman, _Z_.

Crossthwaite, 121. Henry de Crosthweyte, _M_. John de Crostwyt, _R_.

Crossweller (_v._ Cressweller), 113.

Crotch, Crouch, 130. John atte Cruche, _A_. Matilda atte Crouche, _B_.

Croucher, 113, 130. John le Crocher, _K_. John Crowcher, _F F_.

Crouchman, 113, 130. Richard Crocheman, _A_. William Croucheman, _B_.

Crow, 494. Claricia Crowe, _A_. Robert Crowe, _M_.

Crowder, 310. Ricard le Cruder, _A_. Thomas le Crouder, _W_ 2.

Crowfoot, 500. William Crowfoot, _F F_. Henry Crowfoot, _F F_.

Crowther (_v._ Crowder), 310.

Crozier, 190. Simon le Croyser, _M_. Mabel le Croyser, _G_.

Cruel, 464, 484. Warin Cruel, _A_.

Cruikshank, 438.

Crump, 440. Richard le Crumppe, _A_. Hugh le Crumpe, _T_.

Cryer, 183. Philip le Criour, _E_. Wat le Creyer, _G_. Edward le Creiour, _N_.

Cuckhold. Thomas le Cuckold, _A_. Matilda Cuckold, _A_.

Cuckoo, 494. Stephen Cuckoo, _F F_. William Cuckow, _F F_. Thomas Cuckowe, _V_ 13.

Cuddie (_v._ Cuthbert), 55.

Cullen, Culling, 170. John de Coloigne, _F F_. William de Culinge, _A_. Alan Culling, _A_.

Culver, 495.

Cuner, 404. Ada le Cuner, _A_. Henry Cunator, _A_.

Cunerer, 404. Samson le Cunerer, _A_.

Cunning, 139, 469.

Cunningham, 139.

Cuppage, 215. John Cupage, _A A_ 3.

Cupper, 389. William le Cuppere, _G_. Thomas le Cupper, _M_.

Cure. John le Cure, _A_. Anne Cure, _Z_.

Curl, 450. Marcus Curie, _Z_. William Curle, _Z_.

Curling (_v._ Querdelyun), 499.

Currier, 331.

Curt, 432. Thomas le Curt, _R_. William le Curt, _L_.

Curtman. Adam Curtman, _A_.

Curtbrand, 457. Reginald Curtbrant, _B_.

Curteis, 468, 464. Walkelin le Curteis, _C_. Richard le Curteis, _E_.

Curtepy, 456. Richard Curtepie, _A_. William Cortepy, _A_.

Curthose, 456. Robert Curthose, _A_. Robert Curthose, _P P_.

Curtis, 468, 464. Osbert le Curteys, _A_. Walter le Curteys, _J_.

Curtmantel, 456. Henry Curtmantel, _P P_.

Curtvalor, 456. Richard Curtevalur, _A_.

Curtwailet, 456. Martin Curtwallet, _A_.

Cuss, Cusson, (_v._ Custson), 67. Eliza Cusse, _W_ 9. Matilda fil. Cusse, _A_. Osbert Cuson, _A_. Cuss Balla, _A_.

Cussot, 67. Cussot Colling, _A_.

Cust, 67. Custe Newman, _A_. Robert fil. Cust, _A_. Custe Alver, _A_.

Custance, 67. Custance la Braceresse, _A_. Henry fil. Custance, _W_ 6. Reyner Custance, _A_.

Custerson, Custson, 67. William Custson, _W_ 8. Henry fil. Custance, _A_.

Cutbeard, 56. Thomas Cutbert, _H_. John Cutbert, _A_. William Cutteberd, _W_.

Cute, 465. Nicholas le Cute, _A_. Benedict le Cuyt, _A_.

Cuteswain, 505. John Cutsweyn, _A_.

Cuthbert, 56. Cuthbert Capun, _R_. Cuthbert Ricerson, _W_ 3.

Cuthbertson, 56. Elizabeth Cuthbertson, _W_ 16. Thomas Cuthbertson, _W_ 11.

Cutler, 282, 390. Walter le Cotiler, _A_. Peter le Coteler, _M_. Jordan le Cotiler, _N_.

Cyderer, 261.

D’Aeth (_v._ Death), 168.

Daffe, 441. Lefeke Daffe, _A_.

Daft, 441. William Daft, _A_.

Daisy, 485. Roger Daisye, _V_ 9.

Dakins, 188, 83.

Dale, Sibill de Dale, _D_. Thomas de la Dale, _M_.

Dallman, D’Almaine, Dalmaine, (_v._ Aleman), 165. Custance de Alemania, _A_.

Dalman, 165. John Dalman, _F F_. William Dalman, _F F_.

Dame, 84. Henry Dame, _A_. Alexander Dame, _M_.

Damegod, 511. Peter Damegod, _M_. John Domegode, _O_.

Damsell, 84. Simon Damsell, _A_. Lawrence Damysell, _W_ 2.

Dameson, 84. John Damson, _Z_.

Damet, Damiot, 84. Dametta, _A_. Dametta fil. Morrell, _DD_. Henry Damett, _R_. Hugh Damiot, _A_. Damietta Avenel, _F F_. Alice Damyett, _Z_.

Damned-Barebones, 78.

Damsel (_v._ Damsell), 84. Damosel Skren, _Q Q_.

Dance (_v._ Dans), 84.

Dancer, 307. Herveus le Danser, _A_. Henry Dawnser, _Z_.

Dancock, 84. John Dancock, _G_.

Dandelyan, 499. William Daundelyun _B_.

Danett, 84. Ralph Danett, _P P_. Thomas Danet, _X X_ 1.

Daniel, 84. Daniel fil. John, _E_. Richard Danyel, _M_.

Dankin (_v._ Daniel), 84. Gunnilda Danckin, _K_.

Dann, Danett, 84. Daniel Dann, _P P_. Henry Dann, _P P_. Moses Dannett, _V_ 5. John Dannett, _V_ 4.

Dans, Danse, 84. John Danse, _Z_.

Danser (_v._ Dancer), 307.

Danson, 84. Christopher Danson, _Z_. John Danson, _Z_. Marmaduke Danson, _W_ 11.

Dapifer, 211. Henry Dapifer, _A_. Sewall Dapifer, _J_.

Darling. Jane Darling, _W_ 20.

Dason (_v._ Davison), 83.

Dauber, 250. Roger le Daubere, _A_. Silvester Daubere, _H_.

David, 83. David Faber, _A_. Gilbert David, _A_.

Davidson, 83. Robert fil. David, _A_. Thomas Davydson, _M_.

Davies, 83. Davey ap Davidson, _Z_. Gerves Daves, _W_ 9. Davy Cowthird, _W_ 18.

Davison, 83. James Davyson, _W_ 9. Thomas Davyson, _F F_.

Davitt (_v._ David), 83. Robert fil. Davit, _A_. Isabel uxor Davit, _A_.

Dawber (_v._ Dauber), 250

Dawe, Dawes, 83. Daw le Pestour, _H_. Dawe le Falconer, _DD_. Lovekin Dawes, _A_.

Dawkes, 83. Charles Dawkes, _F F_. Robert Dawkes, V _5_.

Dawkins, 83. John Dawkyns, _F_. Henry Dawkins, _Z_. Dorken le Bercher, _A_.

Dawkinson, 83.

Dawson, 83. Richard fil. Dawe, _A_. Raffe Dawson, _Z_.

Day, Daye, 273. Cecilia le Day, _J_. Stephen le Dagh, _T_. Thomas le Day, _M_.

Dayes, 83.

Dayman, 273.

Dayson (_v._ Davison), 83.

Daystar. Robert Daysterre, _A_.

Deacon, 188. Senxa le Dekene, _A_. Philip le Dekene, _M_.

Deakin, 188.

Dean (1), 156. Roger le Dene, _A_. John le Dene, _F F_. (2), 118. William de la Dene, _A_. Adam atte Dene, _M_.

Dearden, 118. Ralph de Derneden, _A_.

Dearlove, 47. William Derelove, _F_. Richard Dorelove, _Z Z_. Thomas Dearlove _W_ 16

Dearman (_v._ Deerman), 235

Death, 168, 510. John Deth, _M_. Hugh de Dethe, _A_.

Debenham, 17, 146. John de Debenham, _A_. Giles de Debenham, _F F_.

Debonaire, 467. Philip le Debeneyre, _A_.

Decroix, 153.

Deer, 443. Robert le Dere, _A_. Lawrence le Deer, _M_.

Deerman, 235. John Dereman, _A_. William Dereman, _A_.

Defend, 103. Defend Outered.

Defontaine, 153.

Delamere, 153. Reginald de la Mere, _A_. Grigore de la Mere, _A_.

Delarue, 153.

Delilah, 77.

Delisle, 153.

Deliver, 465. Ralph le Delivere, _M M_.

Delivery, 77.

Deman, 273. Roger Deyman, _Z_.

Demer, 180. Simon le Demer, _B_.

Dempster, 180. Christopher Dempster, _Q_.

Den, 118. Henry de Denn, _M_. William ate Denne, _M_.

Denis (_v._ Dennis), 70.

Denison (_v._ Dennison), 70.

Denman, 119, 270. Ralph Denmane, _Z Z_.

Dennis (1). Denneyse Fowler, _Z_. Denes Lister, _W_ 9. Richard Dionys, _M_. (2), 162. Joel le Deneys, _A_. Brice le Daneis, _M_. James le Danoys, _X X_ 1.

Dennison (1), 70. Henry Dennison, _W_ 16. John Denyson, _W_ 13. Michael fil. Dionysiæ, _A_. (2). Walter Denizen, _A_.

Dent-de-fer, 434. Robert Dent-de-fer, _E_.

Denthorp, 137. Catherine Denthorp, _X X_ 4.

Denyer, 119, 270.

Departedieu, 511. John Departe-dieu, _F F_.

Deputy. Thomas Deputy, _W_ 20.

Derbyshire, 147. Henry Derbyshyre, _Z Z_. Thomas Derbyshire, _Z Z_.

Derne, 118 _n_.

Dernhouse, 118 _n_. Thomas Dernehuse, _A_.

Derwentwater, 429. Henry de Derwentwater, _M_. Thomas de Derwentwater, _L_.

Despencer, Despenser, 175. Thurstan le Despencer, _A_. Edward le Despenser _B_.

Deus-salvet-dominas, 511. Roger Deus-salvet-dominas, _v._ p. 511.

Devil, Deville, 153. John Deyvyle, _A_. Thomas de Deyvyle, _T_.

Devonish, 147. John le Deveneis, _E_. Isabel le Deveneis, _A_. Nichol le Devenys, _M_.

Dewhurst, 116. John Derhurste, _X X_ 1. Grace Dewhirste, _Z Z_.

Deye (_v._ Day), 273. Hugh le Deye, _G_. Cecily le Deye, _F F_.

Deyville, 153. Goscelin de Eyville, _M_. John de Eyville, _M_.

Diacony, 188 _n_. Michell Diacony, _X X_ 1.

Diable, 153. Osbert Diabolus, _C_. Roger le Diable, _J_.

Dibden, 118 _n_. Randolph de Dependen, _A_. John Debden, _X X_ 1.

Diccons, Dicconson, 65. (1), John fil. Decani, _A_. Amice fil. Decani, _A_. (2), John Dyconson, _H_. Anthonye Dickonsonne, _W_ 9.

Dick, 40. Agatha Dick, _F F_. John Dik, _F F_.

Dickens, 40. William Dicons, _F F_. Richard Dikkins, _F F_.

Dickenson (_v._ Dicconson), 16, 40. Robert Dickenson, _Z Z_. William Dykynson, _Z Z_.

Dicker, 257. Symon le Diker, _A_. Geoffrey le Dykere, _A_.

Dickerson, 40. Henry Dickerson, _F F_.

Dickman, 257. Walter Dikeman, _A_. Agnes Dykman, _B_. Henry Dickman, _V_ 5.

Dicks, 40. William Dikkys, _F F_. Thomas Dykys, _F F_.

Dickson, 40. Ralph Dikson, _F_. Nicholas Dykson, _W_ 2.

Dieu-te-ayde, 511. John Dieu-te-ayde, _M_.

Digger, 257. William Digger, _V_ 2.

Diggs (_v._ Dicks), 40. Robert Diggs, 257 _n_. Anne Digges, _Z_.

Digginson (_v._ Dickenson), 40. John Digginson, _Z_. Agnes Digison, _Z_.

Dinah, 100. Dyna Bocher, 100.

Dionisia, Dionisius, 70. Dionisius Garston, _W_ 11. Dionise Argentein, _H H_. Dionysia la Coyfere, _A_. Michael fil. Dionisie, _A_.

Discipline, 77.

Disher, 393. John le Discher, _O_. Robert le Dishere, _X_.

Disheress, 393. Margaret le Disheresse, _A_.

Disser, Dissour, 314. Roger le Disser, _A_.

Dister, 322. Robert le Dighestere, _G_. Walter le Dighestere, _G_. Thomas Dyster, _B_.

Ditchend, 114. John de Dichende, _R_.

Dives, 431. Elyas le Diveys, _A_.

Dix (_v._ Dicks), 40. William Dixe, _Z_. Thomas Dickes, _F F_.

Dixon (_v._ Dickson), 40. Bayll Dixson, _W_ 9. Agnes Dixson, _Z_.

Dobbins, 39. Toby Dobbin, _F F_. John Dobbins, _Z_. Matilda Dobin, _A_.

Dobbs, 39. Roger Dobbs, _M_. Richard Dobbys, _E E_. Robert Dobbis, _W_ 17.

Dobinett. John Dobynette, _v._ p. 39, _n_.

Dobinson, Dobison, Dobson, 39. Miles Dobsonne, _Z Z_. Richard Dobyson, _W_ 2. Henry Dobbinson, _W_ 20.

Dodman, 304. Peter Dodeman, _A_. John Dodman, _F F_.

Dodson (_v._ Davidson), 83. John Daudson, _M_. Adam Doddson, _Z Z_.

Doe, 489. John le Doe, _A_. William le Do, _A_.

Dog, 492. Nicholas Dogge, _A_.

Dogmow, 434. William Dogmow, _A_. Arnulph Dogmow, _A_.

Dollman, 165. Ales Dolman, _Z_. Mathew Dolman, _E E_.

Dolphin, 497. John Dolfin, _Z_. William Dolfin, _A_.

Doman (_v._ Doorman), 204.

Domitt, 84. Henry Domet, _A_.

Dook (_v._ Duke), 174.

Doolittle, 500.

Doomsday. Richard Domesdaye, _F F_. Margery Domesday (Lower).

Doorman, 204. Nicholas Doreman, _O_.

Doorward, 204. Geoffrey le Doreward, _A_. Elias Dorewarde, _B_. Isabel Dorewarde, _H_.

Dorman (_v._ Doorman), 204.

Dorturer, 192. Robert le Dorturer, _B_. William le Dorturer, _DD_.

Dosier, 360. Robert le Dosier, _A_. Richard le Dosyere, _A_.

Dosser (_v._ Dosier), 360. Gilbert le Dosser, _A_. John Dawsor, _E E_.

Dosson, 69.

Doubleman, 389.

Doubler, 389. Hans Doubler, _O_. John Doblere, _X_.

Doublerose. Annabell Doublerose.

Douce (_v._ Dowse), 69.

Doucett (_v._ Dowsett). John Doucett, _P P_.

Douch, 165.

Doughty, 467. John Doughty, _F F_. Thomas Doughtye, _Z Z_.

Dove, 494. Richard le Duv, _M_. Nicholas le Duv, _M_.

Dowch, 165.

Dowkin (_v._ Dowse), 69. Richard Dowkin, _F_.

Downe, 125. John de la Doune, _B_. Nicholas atte Doune, _M_.

Downyhead, 447. John Downyhead, _M_.

Dowsabell, 19, 70. Dowsabell Cobbe, _F F_. Dowzable Mill, _Z_. Dussabell Caplyn, _Z_. Thomas Duszabell, _M_.

Doomsday, 63. Richard Domesday, _F F_.

Doucett (_v._ Duckett), 70.

Dowse, 69. Duce Mercatrix, _A_. Douce de Moster, _A_. William Douce, _M_.

Dowsett (_v._ Dowse), 69. Walter fil. Dussote, _A_.

Dowson, 69. John fil Dousæ, _W_ 5. John Dowsson, _Z_. Stephen Dowson, _F_.

Dragon, 428. Walter le Dragon, _A_. William le Dragon, _A_.

Drake, 494. Adam le Drake, _B_. Martin le Drake, _E_.

Draper, 286. Roger le Draper, _A_. Henry le Drapier, _M_.

Drawespe, 461. Thomas Drawespe, _A_. William Drauespe, _A_.

Drawlace, 502. John Drawlace, _W_ 18.

Drawsword, 461. Henry Draweswerd, _A_. Maurice Draugheswerd, _M_.

Draw-water, 410. Richard Drawater, _A_.

Drayner, 257. Elizabeth Draner, _Z_. Thomas Draner, _Z_.

Dresser, 261. Raphe Dresser, _Z_. John Dresser, _W_ 16.

Drew, 31. William fil. Drogo, _A_. Dru Barentyn, _H_. Drewe Drewery, _Z_.

Drewett, 31. Druett Malerbe, _A_. Druetta de Pratello, _A_.

Drynk-ale, 481. Jakes Drynkale, _X X_ 1.

Drink-dregs, 481. Geoffrey Dringkedregges, _V_ 8.

Drinkwater, 481. John Drinkewater, _A_. Richard Drynkewatere, _M_.

Driver, 288. John le Drivere, _M_. Richard le Drivere, _M_. James Driver, _W_ 16.

Driveress, 281. Alice le Driveress, _A_.

Drunkard, 481. Maurice Druncard, _A_.

Drybread, 501. John Drybred, _A_.

Dubber, 354. Jordan le Dubbere, _B_. Stephen le Dubbere, _M_. Payen le Dubbour, _N_.

Dubois, 153. John Dubois, _A_.

Ducatel, 153.

Duce, (_v._ Dowse), 69. Duce Vidua, _A_. Agnes fil. Duce, _A_. John fil. Duce, _A_.

Ducedame, 481. Roger Ducedame, _A_.

Duceparole, 468. Henry Duceparole, _T_.

Duck, 174 _n_. Roger le Duc, _E_. Adam le Duk, _M_. William le Duck, _T_.

Ducket (_v._ Dowsett), 70. Margery Duckett, _H H_. Robert Duckett, _P P_. Dulcia Duket, _A_.

Duckrell, 494.

Dudder, 303.

Dudderman, Duderman, Dudman, 303. Simon Dudeman, _D_. Ralph Deudeman, _M_. Obbe Dudeman, _E_.

Duffus, 131. Thomas Dufhouse, _X_. John del Duffus, _A_.

Duke, 174. Nicholas Duke, _A_. Thomas Duke, _B_.

Dukeson (_v._ Douce). Robert Dukeson, _Z_.

Dulcia (_v._ Duce), 69. Robert fil. Dulcie, _A_. Dulcia le Drapere, _G_. Dulcia fil. Willliam, _E_. Dulcia Boveton, _A_.

Dulcibella (_v._ Dowsabell), 70.

Dulson (_v._ Dulcia), 70.

Dull. Alicia le Dul, _A_.

Dumbard, 442. Robert Dumbard, _A_.

Dun (1), 125. Gilbert atte Dune, _A_. Henry de la Dun, _K_. (2), 445. Henry le Dun, _A_. William le Dun, _B_.

Duncalf, 490. John Duncalf, _A A_ 1. William Duncalf, _A A_ 1.

Dunman, 395. William Dunman, _A_. John Dunman, _A_.

Dunn (_v._ Dun), 395. William le Dunne, _A_.

Dupont, 153.

Durand, Durant. Henry fil. Durant, _A_. Durand le Bonjohan, _A_. Ivo Duraunt, _A_.

Duredent, 434. Walter Duredent, _E_.

Durnford, 118 _n_. Radegund Derneford, _R R_ 1. Robert de Derneford, _A_.

Durward (_v._ Doorward), 204. John Durward, _B_.

Dust, 77.

Dutchman, 163.

Dutchwoman, 163. Katherine Dutchwoman, _X_.

Duzamour, 474. Felicia Duzamour, _v._ p. 474.

Dyer, 322. John le Deyere, _A_. Geoffrey le Deghere, _G_. Nicholas le Deighere, _M_.

Dyot, Dyott, Dyotson, (_v._ Dionisia), 70. Diota de Walworte, _W_ 19. Dyot Hayne, _W_ 11. Diotson, _W_ 11.

Dyson (_v._ Dionysia), 70. William Dysone, M.

Dyster (_v._ Dister), 322.

Eagle, 145, 485. (1), Gilbert de la Hegle, _A_. (2), Custance le Egle, _A_.

Eaglebeard, 449. Ismay Egleberd, _A_.

Eame (_v._ Eme), 429.

Earl, 145. Roger le Erl, _A_. John Erle, _B_.

Earnshaw, 117.

Earth, 77.

East, 150. Robert de la Este, _A_. Christopher Easte, _Z_.

Eastend, 115. Emma ate Estende, _A_. Adam in Estend, _A_.

Easterling, 164.

Eastern, 150. Thomas Esterne, _A_.

Eborard, 27. Geoffrey fil. Eborard, _A_. Eborard le Ken, _A_.

Edeline (_v._ Adeline), 19. Robert fil. Edeline, _A_. Edelina del Brok, _K_. Edelina Ayleve, _A_.

Edelota (_v._ Edeline). Edelota Darby, _A_. Ydelot Binytheton, _K_.

Edith, 19. John fil. Edithe, _A_. Editha uxor Edwardi, _C_.

Edmond, Edmonds, 19. Edmon le Ussher, _M_. Walter Edmonds, _Z_.

Edmondson, 19. Robert Edmondson, _Z_.

Edmund, Edmunds, 5, 19. Robert Eadmund, _A_. Edmund Bullok, _Z_.

Edmundson, 19. John fil. Eadmundi, _A_. Alexander fil. Eadmund, _A_.

Edred. John Edred, _A_. Thomas Edrede, _A_.

Edward, Edwardes, 19. Roger Eadward, _A_. Robert Edward, _M_.

Edwardson, 19. George Edwardson, _X X_ 1. Emma fil. Edward, _A_.

Eimeric, 26.

Elcock, 87. Francis Elcock, _Q_. Roger Hellecok, _A_.

Elder, 432.

Eleanor (_v._ Alianora). Eleanor Lovet, _H_. Hugh fil. Elyenore, _A_. Elner Martin, _Z_.

Elias, 86.

Eliot, Eliott, 87. Elyot ad Cap: Ville, _A_. Eliottus de Balliol, _E_. Richard Eliot, _M_.

Elizabeth, 79 _n_. Elizabeth Draner, _Z_.

Elcock, 87. John Elcock, _Z Z_. Henry Elcocke, _Z Z_.

Elkins, Elkinson, 86. Elekyn, _N_. Robert Elkyn, _X_.

Ellcock (_v._ Elcock), 87.

Ellen (_v._ Eleanor), 72. David fil. Elene, _A_. Elene le Fleming, _J_.

Ellice, 86. Duce Elice _A_. Ellice Cowper, _Z_. Elice Apprice, _Z_.

Ellicot, 87 _n_. Elisote, _A_. Ellisote Dispenser, _A_. Elisota Domicella, _W_ 2. Elisot Bustard, _W_ 2.

Elliot (_v._ Eliot), 16, 87. Richard fitz Elote, _M_. Henry Elyot, _A_.

Elliotson, 87. Robert Elyotson, _F_.

Ellis, 86. Elis le Fitz-Hugh, _M_. Elis de Albrighton, _M_. Nicholas Ellys, _F_.

Ellison, 86. Henry fil. Elis, _A_. John Ellison, _F_. Elias fil. Elye, _M_.

Ellson, 86. Roger fil. Elie, _A_. William Elson, _H_.

Elmer (_v._ Aylmer), 29. Richard Eilmar, _A_. William Elmer, _M_.

Elmhurst, 116.

Elmsley, 119. Albred de Elmsleie, _A_.

Elwyn (_v._ Aylwin), 29. Elwyn le Heyward, _A_. William Elwin, _A_.

Ember, 61. Ember Soleiroll, _Q Q_.

Emberson (_v._ Emerson), 29.

Eme, 429. Nicholas Eme, _A_.

Emelia, 19, 87 _n_. Emelia la Prys, _M_.

Emelot, 87 _n_. Emelot, _J_. Elena Emelot (_v._ Emelia), _A_.

Emeric, 29, 87 _n_. Emeric de Bezill, _A_. Emericus de Sacy, _B_. Emericus de Bosco, _C_.

Emerson, 29. Richard Emryson, _W_ 12. John fil. Emerici, _M_. William Emeryson, _W_ 8. Richard Emerson, _W_ 2.

Emery, 29. Emerius Monetarius, _C_. William Emery, _D_.

Emlott (_v._ Emelot), 87 _n_.

Emma, 68. Emma mater Andreas, _C_. Emma la Gradere, _A_. Emma uxor Saer, _J_.

Emme, Emmes, 68. Walter Em, _A_. William Emms, _A_. Edmund Emmes, _F F_.

Emmet, Emmett, 16, 68. Emmetta Catton, _X_. Emmet Flessour, _W_ 9. Emmet Chapman, _W_ 9.

Emmot (_v._ Emmott), 16, 68.

Emmotson, 68.

Emmott, 68. Emmota Plummer, _W_ 2. Emmota Fysscher, _W_ 2. Emmot Kneyt, _A_.

Emperor, 173. Richard le Emperer, _G_.

Empson, 68. Richard Empson, _H_. John Emmeson, _F F_.

Emson, 68. Elyas fil. Emme, _A_. John Emyson, _F_.

Enfant, 202. John le Enfaunt, _A_. Walter le Enfaunt, _H_. John le Enfant, _E_.

Engineer, 229 (_v._ Jenner). William le Engynur, _A_. Richard le Enginur, _B_. Ernulf le Enginnur, _E_.

English, 149. Walter le Engleis, _A_. Richard le Engleys, _B_. John le Englisshe, _M_.

Enota, 87 _n_. Enota Coly, _A_.

Envious, 464. Hamo le Enveyse, _A_. William le Enveise, _C_.

Epiphany, 61. Epiphania Jackson, _Q Q_.

Eremite (_v._ Hermit), 196. Hugh le Ermite, _E_.

Ernald (_v._ Arnold), 28. Ernaldus de Baiona, _C_. Ernaldus Carnifex, _C_. Peter Ernald, _R_.

Escot (_v._ Scott), 148. Roger le Escot, _A_. Adam le Escot, _H_.

Escriveyn (_v._ Scriven), 362. Robert le Escriveyn, _E_. William le Escrevyn, _G_.

Eskirmesur (_v._ Skrimshire), 220. Henry le Eskirmessur, _A_. Peter le Eskurmesur, _E_. John le Eskirmesour, _K_.

Espaigne (_v._ Spain), 161. Arnold de Espaigne, _H_. John de Ispania, _A_.

Espicer (_v._ Spicer), 329. Alan le Especer, _A_. Milo le Espicer, _N_. Richard le Espicer, _B_.

Espigurnell (_v._ Spigurnell), 183. Nicholas Espigurnel, _A_. Edmund le Espigurnel, _L_.

Espin (_v._ Espaigne), 161.

Esquier (_v._ Squier), 166. Thomas le Esquier, _E_. Gilbert le Esquier, _J_.

Esquiler (_v._ Squiller), 174. William le Esquiler, _H_. Robert le Escuyller, _E_.

Estrange (_v._ Strange), 146. Robert le Estrange, _A_. John le Estrange, _R_.

Estraunge (_v._ Straunge), 146. Roger le Estraunge, _H_. John le Estraunge, _J_.

Estrys, 150. Moyne le Estrys, _A_. Richard le Estreys, _T_.

Etheldreda (_v._ Audry), 19. Etheldreda Castell, _F F_. Etheldred or Audrey Clerc, _F F_.

Ethelred, 5.

Euphemia, 19. Eufemia de Grey, _K_. Eufemia de Heslarton, _W_ 9.

Eustace, 18. Herveus fil. Eustace, _A_.

Evans, Evanson. Howell ap Yevan, _H_. David ap Evan, _Z_.

Eve, 3, 81. Eva Textrix, _A_. Eva la Warre, _J_. Eva fil. Dolphini, _J_.

Evelyn, Eveline, 87 _n_. Evelina Coynterel, _A_. George Evelynge, _Z_.

Everard, 29. Fulco fil. Everardi, _R_. Everard Gallicus, _E_. Geoffrey fil. Everard, _A_.

Everardson (_v._ Evorard). Nicholas Everardsonne, _B B_. Peter Everadsonne, _B B_.

Eversden, 118. John de Eversdene, _A_. Luke de Eversden, _DD_.

Eversholt, 116. Richard de Eversholt, _M_. John de Everesholt, _R_.

Every, 29. John Every, _H_. William Everye, _Z_.

Eves (_v._ Eveson), 81.

Evesk (_v._ Vesk), 156. Henry le Eveske, _E_. Elyas le Eveske, _T_.

Eveson, 81. John fil. Eve, _M_. Cecilia fil. Evæ, _T_. Richard fil. Eve, _A_.

Evett, 81. Evota de Durham, _X_. Evota de Stanley, _W_ 2. William Evote, _X_.

Evil, Evill, 153. Peter de Evyille, _M_.

Evilchild, 506. Alan Evilchild, _A_.

Evitt (_v._ Evett), 81.

Evott (_v._ Evett), 81.

Ewe (1), 445. Leticia le Eue, _M_. Nicholas le Ewe, _F F_. (2), 118. Jordan del Ewe, _A_. John del Ewe, _A_.

Ewer, 214. Brian le Ewer, _E_. Richard le Ewere, _H_. William le Ewer, _T_.

Ewery, 214. Adam le Euere, _A_. Roger de Euere, _M_.

Excuser, 180. Peter le Es-cuzer, _H_.

Experience. Experience Mayhew, 103

Eyre, 202. William le Eyr, _B_. Simon le Heir, _A_. Robert le Eir, _M_.

Eyville, 153. Nicholas de Eyvil, _A_. John de Eyvill, _R_.

Ezekiel, 100. Ezekiel Guppye, _Z_.

Ezota (_v._ Elizabeth). Ezota Hall, _W_ 11.

Faber. Silvester Faber, _A_. Nicholas Faber, _H_.

Fail, 154. Gilbert Fayel, _E_. Matilda Faiel, _E_.

Faint-not, 103. Faint-not Dighurst, 103.

Fair, 475. Richard le Fayre, _A_. Marcus le Faire, _C_.

Fairbrother, 508.

Fairchild, 508. Robert Fayrchild, _A_. Godfrey Fairchilde, _C_.

Fairclough, 124. William Fairclough, _Z_. Hugh Faierclugh, _Z_.

Fairfax, 449. Thomas Fayrfax, _M_. Guy Fairefax, _H_. William Farefaxe, _W_ 18

Fairhair, 448. Geoffrey Fairher, _N_. Edward Fayreheire, _Z_.

Fairhead, 435. William Fairheved, _A_. Richard Faireheved, _H_.

Fairman, 304. (1), John Fayerman, _A_. Richard Fayrman, _A_. (2), Fairman Alberd, _M_.

Fairesire, 506. Henry Fairesire, _X_.

Fairson, 506. Richard Fairsone, _M_.

Fairweather, 472. John Fayrweder, _A_. Hugh Fairweder, _A_.

Faith, 103. Faythe Childe, _W_ 14. Fayth Neville, _W_ 14.

Faithful, 104. Faythful Fortescue, 104.

Fakes (_v._ Fawkes), 50. Fakes de Breante, _E_.

Falcon, 493. William le Falcon, _M_.

Falconar, Falconer, Falkener, Falkner, 240. Guido le Falconare, _A_. Geoffrey le Falconer, _M_. William le Falkoner, _M_. Antony Falkner, _Z_.

Fallow, 446. Roger le Falewe, _A_. Alicia la Falour (?), _A_.

Fallowman, 446. William Faleman (?), _A_.

False. Agnes le Faleise, _J_.

Fanner, 276. Walter le Fannere, _X_. Simon le Fannere, _X_.

Fanne, 276. William atte Fanne, _R_. Margery Fanne, _Z_.

Farebrother, 430.

Farewell, 512. Thomas Farewel, _A_. Richard Farewell, _A_.

Farmer, 271. William le Farmere, _A_. Robert le Fermere, _A_.

Farrier (_v._ Ferrier), 290. Sibilla le Feryere, _A_.

Farthing, 456. Geoffrey Ferthing, _A_. William Ferthing, _M_.

Father, 430. Arnold le Fader, _A_. Robert le Fader, _R_.

Fatherless, 430. John Faderless, _M_. Ralph Faderles, _S S_.

Fatman, 431. Richard Fatman, _F F_.

Fatt, 431. William le Fatte, _M_. Alan Fatt, _P P_.

Fauconer, Faukener, Faulconer, (_v._ Falconer), 240. Bernard le Fauconer, _M_. John le Faukener, _A_. Henry le Faucuner, _E_.

Faulkes (_v._ Fawkes), 50. Edmund Falkes, _H_.

Faulkner (_v._ Falconer), 240.

Faultless, 463.

Faucet (_v._ Fauset).

Fauset (_v._ Fawkes). Richard Fauset, _P P_.

Faux (_v._ Fawkes), 50. Nel Faukes, _A_. John Faux, _H_. Nicholas Faukes, _A_.

Favell, 445. Hugh Fauvel, _M_. John Fauvel, _M_.

Fawcett (_v._ Fawsett).

Fawkes, 50. Faukes le Buteller, _A_. Faukesius de Breant, _A_. Fauke de Glamorgan, _E_.

Fawsett (_v._ Fawkes). Robert Fawcett, _P P_.

Fawson, Faxson, 50.

Fayle (_v._ Fail), 154.

Fear-not, 103. Fere-not Rhodes, 103.

Fearon (_v._ Feron), 244.

Featherbeard, 449. John Featherberde, _H_.

Featherstonehaugh, 133.

Feelgood. William Felegod, _A_.

Felicia, 19. Felicya Pudforth, _A_. Felicia de Quoye, _A_. Warner fil. Felice, _A_.

Fell-dog, 500. Roger Feldog, _W_ 15.

Fellmonger, 331.

Fellowe, Fellowes, 506. Bele le Felawe, _A_. Robert le Felawe, _A_.

Fellowship, 191. William Felliship, _W_ 11.

Felon, 182 _n_. Henry le Felun, _A_.

Fenn. Roger del Fen, _A_. Thomas atte Fenne, _B_. Gonnilda in le Fenne, _A_.

Fenner, 237. Richard le Fenere. _H_. Ralph le Fenere, _R_.

Fenreve, 233. Adam Fenreve, _A_. Symon Fenreve, _A_.

Fermer (_v._ Farmer), 271, 192. Robert le Fermere, _A_. Matilda la Fermer, _G_.

Fermerie, 192. Idonia de la Fermerie, _B_. John le Fermery, _H_.

Fermor (_v._ Fermer), 192.

Feron, 283. Alan le Feron, _A_. Margery la Feron, _B_.

Ferrers, 151. Wydo de Ferreris, _F F_. Elizabeth de Ferreris, _F F_.

Ferrier, 290. Osbert le Ferrur, _A_. Peter le Ferrour, _G_. Colin le Ferur, _A_.

Ferriman, 285. Peter Feryman, _Z_. Richard Ferryman, _Z_.

Ferron(_v._ Feron), 283. Roger le Ferun, _A_.

Fesant (_v._ Pheasant), 494.

Feure, 283. Reginald le Feure, _B_. Thomas le Feure, _M_.

Feuterer (_v._ Fewter), 236. Walter le Feuterer, _A_.

Fever, Fevre, 283. Richard le Fevere, _A_. John le Fever, _M_. Torald le Fevre, _J_. Achard le Fevre, _T_.

Fewster (_v._ Fuster), 289. Ralph Fewster, _S S_.

Fewter, 236. Geoffrey le Wewterer, _A_. John le Vautrer, _A_. Godfrey le Futur, _A_.

Fidler, 308. Robert Fyffudlere, _X_. John Fydler, _Z Z_. Ruelard Vidulator, _DD_. Thomas le Fytheler (Lower). Robert Fediller, _X X_ 1. John le Fytheler, _A A_ 4.

Field, 115. Linota ate Feld, _A_. Thomas atte Felde, _M_.

Fielder, 113. Alice Feylder, _Z Z_. Richard Feilder, _W_ 9.

Fierce, 464. Ralph le Ferc, _A_.

Fighter, 305. Richard le Fytur, _A_.

Filder (_v._ Fielder), 113.

Fillpot, 91. John Filpot, _F_. Roger Fylpot, _F F_.

Fillip, 91. Walter Felip, _A_. Jon fiz Felyp, _DD_. Felipp Clerk, _A_.

Finch, 494. Thomas Finch, _A_. James Fynch, _H_.

Fincher, 239. Robert le Fincher, _B_.

Fine-amour, 474. Dulcia Fynamour, _v._ p. 474.

Finger, 436. Matilda Finger, _H_.

Firebrace, 436. Robert Ferbras, _M_.

Firminger (_v._ Furminger) 278, 370. Andrew Firminger, _Z_. John Farmynger, _Z_.

Firstling, 202. Bartholomew Firstling (Strype). William Firstling, _F F_.

Fish, 274, 496. John le Fysche, _Q_. Richard Fishe, _F F_.

Fisher, 273, 376. Thomas le Fishere, _B_. Henry le Fissere, _J_. Margaret le Fischere, _A_.

Fisherman, 273. Antony Fisheman, _F F_. Andrew Fishman, _F F_.

Fishmonger, 334. William Fyshmonger, _F_.

Fiske, 274, 496. William Fyske, _Q_. Catherine Fiske, _F F_.

Fisker, 273. Robert le Fys-cer, _A_. Lawrence Fisker, _E_.

Fitch, 489. William Fitche, _A_. William Fitch, _F F_.

Fitchett, 489. John Fichet, _M_. William Fychet, _H_.

Fitz-amice, 13. Robert Fitz-amice, _M_.

Fitz-bennet (_v._ Bennet). John le Fitz-beneit, _H_. Alan Fitz-bennet, _F F_.

Fitz-clerk, 65. Alexander Fitz-clerk, _H_.

Fitz-ellis, 86. Robert Fitz-elis, _M_. William Fitz-elias, _M_.

Fitz-garret (_v._ Garret). Edward Fitz-garret, _E E_. Agnes Fitz-garret, _F F_.

Fitz-gerald, 13, 52. Gerald Fitz-gerald, _M_. Thomas Fitz-gerot, _H_.

Fitz-gibbon, 13.

Fitz-hamond (_v._ Hammond), 13, 35. John Fitz-hamond, _D_. Sibil Fitz-hamon, _F F_.

Fitz-herbert (_v._ Herbert), 13. William Fitz-herbert, _Z_. Thomas Fitz-herbert, _E E_.

Fitz-howard, 26. John Fitz-howard, _W_ 2.

Fitz-james (_v._ James), 13. John Fitz-james, _Z_. James Fitz-james, _E E_.

Fitz-lettice, 71. Roger Fitz-lettice, _H_. John Fitz-lettice, _M_.

Fitz-neel, 13. Robert Fitz-neel, _B_. Thomas Fitz-neel, _M_.

Fitz-parker, 65. Thomas Fitz-parkere, _N_.

Fitz-patrick, 13. Thomas Fitz-patrick, _M_.

Fitz-payn, 13. Ela le Fitz-payn, _H_. Elis le Fitz-payn, _M_.

Fitz-peers (_v._ Peers), 13. Lucia Fitz-peers, _B_. Aveline Fitz-piers, _F F_.

Fitz-provost, 65. Simon Fitz-provost, _H_.

Fitz-rauf, 13. John Fitz-rauf, _B_. Richard Fitz-ralph, _M_.

Fitz-richard, 13. John Fitz-richard, _B_. Rauf le Fitz-richard, _M_.

Fitz-simon (_v._ Simon), 13. Edward le Fitz-simon, _B_. Robert Fitz-simon, _M_.

Fitz-water (_v._ Walter), 13. William le Fitz-water, _A_. Humfrey Fitz-wauter, _B_.

Fitz-warin, 13, 32. Ino Fitz-Waryn, _B_. Fulco Fitz-warren, _C_.

Fitz-william (_v._ William), 13. Jarvis Fitzwilliam, _Z_. Roger Fitz-william, _F F_.

Fiveashes, 129.

Fivepenny, 513. John Fivepeni, _A_.

Fivepound, 513. James Fyppound, _X X_ 1.

Flanner (_v._ Flaoner). John Flanner, _F F_. John Flanner, 367 _n_.

Flaoner, 367. William le Flaoner, _A_. William le Flaoner, _B_. Roger le Flaoner, _X_.

Flawner (_v._ Flaoner), 367. John Flawner, _X_.

Flaxenhead, 447. Richard Flaxennehed, _A_.

Flaxman, 327. William Flexman, _A_. Ralph le Flexman, _R_.

Flaxwife, 327. Christina le Flexwyf, _X_.

Fleming, 163, 318. Ascelyn le Flemyng, _A_. Alard le Fleminge, _B_. Baldwin le Fleming, _M_. Jordan le Flemynge, _J_.

Fleshmonger, 374. William le Flesmongere, _A_. Eudo le Fleshmongere, _M_. William Fleshemongere, _F_.

Flesher, 374. Robert Flessher, _W_ 2. Miles Flesher, _V_ 5.

Fleshewer, 264. William Flesschewer, _W_ 2. John Fleshewer, _H_.

Fletcher, 226. Henry le Fletcher, _A_.

Robert le Fleccher, _E_. Adam le Fletcher, _G_.

Flexman (_v._ Flaxman), 287.

Flinthard, 416. Jacob Flinthard, _A_. Richard Flinthard, _H_.

Florence, 134. John de Florence, _R_.

Florianora. Florianora de Barkworth, _R R_ 1.

Flouredieu, 511. John Flouredieu, _F F_.

Flower, 228. John le Floer, _A_. Nicholas le Flouer, _J_. Reginald le Flower, _B_.

Fluter, 312. Nicholas le Floutere, _B_.

Fly, 497. Maggie Flie, _A_. Oda Flie, _A_.

Foakes (_v._ Fulkes), 50. Foke Odell, _H_. Ralph Foke, _A_.

Foldyate, 130. John atte Foldyate, _J_.

Foliot, 475. Jordan Foliot, _A_. Richard Foliot, _B_.

Foljambe, 438. Thomas Folejamb, _A_. Richard Foljamb, _M_.

Folkes (_v._ Fulkes), 50.

Follenfant, 475. Hugh Folenfaunt, _A_.

Follet, Follit, 475. Margery la Folyet, _M_. Jordan Folyot, _A_.

Fool, 216. Peter le Folle, _A_. Alexander le Fol, _C_. Johannes Stultus, _DD_.

Foolhardy, 475, 464. Walter Fulhardy, _X_.

Foote, 437. Thomas Fot, _A_. Matilda Fot, _A_.

Forager. William le Forager, _B_.

Forcer, 400. Nicholas le Forcer, _A_. Henry le Forcer, _B_. John le Forcer, _M_.

Ford, 115. Peter ate Ford, _M_. Nicholas de la Forde, _A_.

Forester, Forrester, 230. Gilbert le Forester, _A_. Richard le Forester, _M_. Ivo le Forester, _J_.

Forster (_v._ Forester), 230. William le Forster, _A_. Henry le Forster, _M_.

Fort, 432. John le Fort, _E_. William le Fort, _M_.

Fortescue, 459. Isabella Fortescue, _B_. John Fortescu, _H_.

Foster (_v._ Forester), 230. Walter le Foster, _J_.

Founder, 392. William le Fonder, _A_. John le Funder, _E_.

Fourpeny, 513. Thomas Fourpeni, _W_ 9.

Foulkes (_v._ Fulkes), 50. Fowlke Grevill, _Z_.

Fowkes (_v._ Fulkes), 50. Fowke de Coudrey, _A_. Fowke Crompton, _Z_.

Fowl, 434. Walter le Fowel, _A_. Nicholas le Foghele, _M_.

Fowler, 239. Warin le Fowlur, _A_. William le Fougheler, _D_. John le Fogheler, _M_.

Fox, 489. Henry le Fox, _A_. Walter le Fox, _M_.

Foxden, 118.

Foxley, 119. John de Foxlee, _N N_.

Francis, 159. Richard le Fraunceys, _A_. Gilbert le Franceys, _B_. Henry le Franceis, _C_.

Francom (_v._ Frankham), 253.

Francomb (_v._ Frankham), 253. William Francombe, _Z_.

Frank, 254. Walter le Frank, _A_. Fulco le Frank, _E_.

Frankham, 253. Robert Frankhome, _G_. Reginald le Fraunchome, _A_. Hugh Fraunch-humme, _A_.

Franklin, 254. Geoffrey le Fraunkelyn, _A_. John le Fraunkelyn, _B_. Miles le Franklein, _M_.

Frean (_v._ Freen), 154.

Freborn (_v._ Freeborn), 253.

Free, 253. Walter le Free, _A_.

Freebody, 253. Richard Freebody, _C C_ 3.

Freebond, 254 _n_. Robert Frebond, _A_.

Freeborn, 253. Richard Frebern, _A_. Agnes Frebern, _A_. Geoffrey Frebern, _V_ 9.

Freegift, 77.

Freeman, 253. John le Freman, _A_. Martin le Freman, _A_.

Freen, 154. Fulk de la Freigne, _G_. Stephen ad Fren, _A_.

Freer, Freere, 430, 191. Geoffrey le Frere, _A_. Syward le Frere, _A_.

Freke, 465. William le Frek, _M_. Henry Freke, _A_.

Freman (_v._ Freeman), 253.

Fremantel, 457. Richard de Fremantell, _M_. Hugh de Frigido-Mantello, _E_.

French, 159. Simon le Frensch, _A_. Eborard le Frenshe, _G_. Richard le Frensh, _M_.

French-baker, 363. Richard Frenshbaker, _D_.

Frenchman, 159. Gyllame Freynsman, _W_ 3.

Frere (_v._ Freer), 161, 430. John le Frere, _A_. Henry le Frere, _B_.

Freshfish, 333 _n_., 512. John Freshfisch, _H_. Robert Freshfissh, _X_.

Freshherring, 512. Margaret Fressheharyng, _X_.

Frewife, 343. Agnes Frewife, _A_.

Frewoman, 253. Matilda Frewoman, _A_.

Freyne (_v._ Freen), 154. Robert le Freyne, _A_. William le Freyne, _A_.

Friar (_v._ Frere), 191.

Frick, 465. Ralph Frike, _A_.

Friday, 63. Simon Fridey, _A_. Thomas Fryday, _B_. Henry Friday, _M_.

Fridaythorp, 137. John de Fridaythorpe, _X X_ 4.

Friend, 410. Hugh le Frend, _A_. William le Frend, _R_.

Frith, 117. Richard de la Frith, _A_. John atte Frith, _F F_.

Frobisher (_v._ Furbisher), 222. Peter Frobysher, _Z_. Antony Frobiser, _Z Z_.

Frog, 437. John Frog, _A_.

Fromabove, 77.

Front-de-beuf, 500. Ralph Front-de-bœuf, _M_.

Fruiter, 373. Ralph le Frueter, _A_. Peter le Fruter, _E_. Hugh le Fruter, _N_.

Fruitmonger, 373. John le Fruemonger, _M_.

Fry, 253. Walter le Frie, _A_. Roger le Frye, _R_. Thomas le Frye, _T_.

Frybody (_v._ Freebody), 253. Robert Frybody, _Y_.

Fryer (_v._ Frere), 159, 437.

Fulchon (_v._ Fulke). Ralph fil. Fulchon, _A_. Faulcon Pursevaunt, _X X_ 1.

Fulke, Fulkes, 50. Fulk Paifrer, _H_. Fulke Paynel, _A_. Fulke le Taverner, _B_. Fulco Fitz-warin, _B_.

Fuller, 324. Grigge le Fulur, _A_. Walter le Fullere, _N_. Mathew le Fullere, _M_.

Fullilove, 474. Ralph Full-of-love, _F F_. Roger Full-of-love, _F F_.

Full-James, 504.

Fulman (_v._ Fuller), 324. William Fulman, _v._ p. 324.

Furber, 222. John le Furber, _E_. Alan le Fourbour, _G_.

Furbisher (_v._ Frobisher), 222. Thomas le Furbisur, _M_. Edmund Furbyssher, _Z Z_.

Furminger, 370. William le Formager, _A_. Ely le Furmager, _O_. Wilkin le Furmager, _O_.

Furner, 364. William le Furner, _A_. Walter le Fernier, _A_.

Furrier, 345. Richard Furryour, _W_ 3.

Fusilier, 229 _n_. Johannes Fusilier, _Y_. Fuzelier, _Y_.

Fuster, 289. Ralph le Fuster, _M_. Robert Fuster, _F_.

Futter (_v._ Fewter), 236. Fulcher le Fewtrer, _F F_. Simon le Futur, _A_.

Fynamour, 474. Dulcia Fynamour, 474 _n_.

Gabber, 479. Stephen le Gabbere _A_. Gerard le Gabur, _A_.

Gabbot, 99. Anable Gabbot, _A_.

Gabbs, 99.

Gabcock, 99. William Gabecoky, _A_.

Gabriel, 99. John Gabriel, _M_. Gabriel Carye, _Z_.

Gadling, 479.

Gager (_v._ Gauger), 410. William le Gageour, _G_.

Gaicote, 459. William Gaicote, _A_.

Gaillard (_v._ Gayliard), 472.

Gaite, 183. Robert le Gait, _M_.

Galer (_v._ Gayler), 151.

Galeys, 149. Thomas le Galeis, _E_. Henry le Galeys, _R_.

Gallant. Thomas Galaunt, _A_. Helen Gallant, _F F_.

Gallard (_v._ Gayliard), 472. William Gallard, _A_.

Galt, 491. Gilbert Galt, _A_.

Gamaliel, 100. Gamaliel Capell, _Z_.

Gamson, 458. Robert Gamson, _Z_. William Gamson, _Z_.

Gander, 494. Roger Gandre, _A_. Thomas Gandre, _X_.

Gant (1), (_v._ Gaunt). Warin le Gant, _A_. John le Gant, _A_. (2), 168. Gilbert de Gant, _J_. Reginald de Gante, _E_.

Ganter (_v._ Gaunter), 350.

Gantlett (_v._ Gauntlett), 459.

Gardiner, 290. Amabilla la Gardiner, _A_. Thomas le Gardener, _M_.

Gardner (_v._ Gardiner), 260. William le Gardner, _J_. Raffe Gardner, _Z_.

Garlick, 485, 263. Robert Garlick, _A_. Sara Garlek, _F F_.

Garlickmonger, 263. John Garlekemongere, _B_. Henry le Garlekemongere, _M_. Thomas le Garlykmonger, _M_.

Garrett (_v._ Gerald), 52. Garrett Fitzgarrett, _Z_. Garret Hawkinson, _Z_. Garratt Jonson, _v._ p. 52.

Garretson (_v._ Gerald), 52. John Garredsone, _Z_. Andrew Garretson, _T T_.

Gascoigne, 158. Jacob Gascoigne, _B_. Philip le Gascoyne, _T_.

Gaskin (_v._ Gascoigne), 158. William Gascon, _B_. Robert Gaskyn, _F_.

Gate (1), 230. Adam le Gayt, _B_. Robert le Gait, _M_. (2), 102. Richard atte Gate, _M_. William atte Gate, _M_.

Gateschale, 212. John Gateschale, _W_ 1. Percevall Gatescalle, _Z Z_.

Gatesden, 268. William de Gatesden, _M_. John de Gatesden, _F F_.

Gathard (_v._ Gaytherd), 268.

Gatherer, 263. Roger le Gaderer, _A_.

Gattard (_v._ Gaytherd), 268.

Gauger 411. Alexander le Gauger, _N_. Henry le Gaugeour, _N_. Alan Gauger, _M_.

Gaunt (1), 140. Simon de Gaunt, _M_. Maurice de Gaunt, _C_. (2), 432. Thomas le Gaunt, _A_. Juliana le Gaunt, _A_.

Gaunter, 350. John le Gaunter, _N_. Stephen le Gaunter, _M_. Geoffrey le Ganter, _A_.

Gauntlett, 459. Kenry Gauntelett, _Z_. Roger Gauntlet, _Z_.

Gawthorpe, 137.

Gay, 463. Robert le Gay, _A_. William le Gay, _R_.

Gayler, 181. Richard le Gayeler, _A_. John le Gaoler, _B_.

Gayliard, Gaylord, 472. Sabina Gaylard, _H_. Nicholas Gaylard, _T_.

Gayt (_v._ Gate), 268. Adam le Gayt, _B_.

Gaytherd, 268. Roland Gateard, _W_ 9. Robert Gatherd, _W_ 9.

Gedling, 479.

Geldard, Geldart, 268. John Gildderd, _W_ 11. John Geldert, _W_ 2.

Genese, 161.

Geneve, 168. Nicholas de Geneve, _O_. Walter de Jeneve, _R_.

Gent (_v._ Gant, 2), 168. Alicia Gent, _A_. Judæus Gent, _E_.

Gentilcorps, 508. William Gentilcorps, _M_. Richard Gentylcors, _X_.

Gentilhomme (_v._ Gentleman), 467. Thomas Gentilhomme, _H_.

Gentle, 464. Robert le Gentill, _A_. William le Gentil, _M_. John Jentill, _V_ 11.

Gentleman, 467. Robert Gentilman, _V_. Nicholas Gentilman, _A_. William Gentilman, _V_ 11.

Geoffrey (_v._ Godfrey), 18. Geoffrye Gerard, _A_. Geoffrey de Grenville, _A_.

Gerard, 52.

Gerald, 52. Warin fil. Gerold, _A_. Margaret fil. Geraldi, _J_.

Gerish, 476. William le Geriss, _A_. John le Gerisse, _A_.

Gerrish (_v._ Gerish), 476. Umfrey le Gerische, _A_.

Gervase. William fil. Gervasii, _A_. Gervase fil. Hamo, _C_.

Geyt, 183. Hugh le Geyt, _A_. Robert le Geyt, _M_.

Gibb, Gibbs, 58. Thomas Gybbys, _X X_ 1. Adam Gibbe, _M_. Robert Gybbys, _F F_. Gybby Selby.

Gibbins, 59. John Gybbyn, _Z_. John Gybbyns, _Z Z_.

Gibbons, 59. John Giboun, _M_. Robert Gybbon, _H_.

Gibbonson, 59. John Gibbonson, _F_.

Gibelot, 480. Dera Gibelot, _A_. John Gibbelote, _W_ 2.

Gibson, 59. Thomas Gibson, _F_. Cicell Gibson, _W_ 9. Perseval Gybson, _W_ 11. Robert Gybbyson, _W_ 11.

Giddyhead, 480. William Gidyheued, _X_.

Giggler. Robert le Giglere, _A_. Peter le Gigelore, _A_.

Gigur, 311. Walter le Gigur, _A_. Alexander le Gigur, _T_. Bigelot le Gigur, _DD_.

Gilbert, 18, 58. Warin fil. Gilbert, _DD_. Gilbert de Gaunt, _T_.

Gilbertson, 58. William fil. Gilbert, _A_. Henry fil. Gilbert, _M_.

Gilcock (_v._ Giles), 56. Cecilia Gilkoc, _A_.

Gildensleeve, 404. Roger Gyldenesleve, _A_.

Gilder, 251. Ralph le Gilder, _X_.

Giles, 56. Gile Deacon, _A_. Jordan fil. Egidius, _A_.

Gill, 73. Richard fil. Gille, _A_. Gille Hulle, _A_.

Gillian (_v._ Julia), 73. Gillian Cook, _A_. Gilian de la Mill, _A_.

Gillett, Gillot, Gillott, 74. Guillot le Balister, _E_. Gilot le Heauberger, _X_. Gillot Carrel, _B B_. Gwillottus Clerk, _C_.

Gilpin, 58. Gilbert Gilpyn, _H_.

Gilson, 74. Robert fil. Gyle, _A_. Thomas Gylson, _F_. William Gelson, _W_ 18.

Giltspur, 409. Agnes Giltspur, _F F_. Jeffrey Giltspur, _F F_.

Ginger, 485. Godfrey Gingivre, _M_. Agnes Gyngyvere, _X_.

Ginn, 230. Alexander Gin, _A_.

Ginner (_v._ Jenner), 229. Hugh le Ginnur, _M_. William le Ginnur, _A_. John Ginour, _M_.

Gipps (_v._ Gibbs), 59.

Girdler, 348. Adam le Gurdlere, _A_. Robert le Girdlere, _M_. Simon le Gerdlere, _H_.

Gladcheer, 472. William Gladchere, _F F_.

Gladstone (_v._ Gledstane), 493.

Glaisher (_v._ Glaizer), 277.

Glassman, 277. John Glassman, _W_ 9. Robert Glasman, _W_ 9.

Glasswright, 277. Nicholas le Glaswryght, _X_. Thomas le Glaswryghte, _X_. Walter Glasenwryght, _W_ 11.

Glazier, 277. William Glascer, _Z_. Robert Glazier, _Z_.

Gledhill, 493.

Gledstane, 493. William de Gledstanys, _W_ 1

Gleed (_v._ Glide), 493. Simon Glyde, _B_.

Gleeman, Gleman, Glemman, 313.

Glide, 493. Henry le Glide, _M_. Adam le Glide, _M_.

Glorious. Robert le Glorius, _E_.

Glossycheek, 433. Bertholomew Gloscheke, _A_.

Glover, 350. Richard le Glovere, _A_. Ivo le Glover, _M_. Christiana la Glovere, _H_.

Glutton. Gilbert Glutun, _L_.

Gnat, 498. Margaret Gnatte, _A_. William Gnatte, _A_.

Goat (1), 486. Simon le Got, _A_. William le Got, _A_. (2), 486. John atte Gote, _M_. John de la Gote, _W_ 2.

Goathirst, 116. Simon de Gotehirst, _A_.

Goatman, 271. Nicholas Goteman, _W_ 11.

Go-be-fore, 461. Robert Gobefore, _H_.

God-beer (_v._ Goodbeer) 511.

Godbert, 22. Roger Godberd, _A_. Roger Godeberd, _J_.

Godblod, 511. Roger Godblod, _E_.

Godbold, 22. Godebold, _J_. Alice Godbolde, _Z_.

Goddard, 17, 22. John fil. Godard, _A_. Goddard Freebodye, _Z_.

Godfrey, 21. John fil. Godfrey, _C_. Alen Godefrai, _M_.

Godin (_v._ Godwin), 21. Godin de Bere, _A_. Godun le Bere, _A_.

Godman, 22. Herbert fil. Godman, _C_.

Godmefetch (_v._ Lower’s Dic.) 511.

Godrich, 22. William Godrick, _H_. Robert fil. Godric, _J_.

Godsall, 511, 22. Cecilia Godsol, _A_.

Godsalve, 510. Thomas Godsalfe, _W_ 9. Barbara Godsalve, _F F_.

Godsave (_v._ Godsalve), 510.

God-send-us, 511. Jennett God-send-us, _W_ 13.

Godshall (_v._ Godsall), 22.

Godsname, 510. Richard Godesname _X_.

Godson (_v._ Goodson), 507. Ralph fil. Godde, _A_. William fil. Gotte, _A_. Amisius Godeson, _M_.

Godthank, 512. William Godthanke, _A_.

Godwin, 17, 21. Hugh fil. Godewin, _A_. Godwin de Dovre, _C_. Godun le Bere, _A_.

Go-in-the-Wind, 388. John Go-in-the-Wynd, _X_.

Goldbeater, 399. Robert le Goldbeter, _A_. Bartholomew le Goldbetter, _C_.

Goldenhead, 447. Richard Goldenheved, _C C_ 1.

Goldfinch, 494. Agnes Goldfinche, _A_. William Goldfynch, _B_.

Goldhose, 404. Richard Goldhose, _A_.

Goldsmith, 281, 399. Hervey le Goldsmith, _M_. Robert le Goldsmyth, _M_.

Goldspink, 494.

Golightly, 439. Roger Galichtley, _M_. James Golyghtlye, _W_ 9.

Gooch, 24. John fil. Guch, _A_. Roger Guch, _A_. Evan ap Gouch, _M_.

Good, 463. Hugh Godde, _A_. Roger Godde, _M_.

Goodacre, 134.

Goodalehouse, 501. Joan Good-ale-house, _W_ 2.

Goodbarn. Christopher Goodbarne, _W_ 13.

Goodbeer, 511. Richard Godbeare, _Z_.

Goodbehere (_v._ Goodbeer), 511.

Goodbody, 506. Alicia Godbodi, _A_.

Goodchild, 506. Ralph Godchild _A_. John Godchyld, _M_.

Goodclerk, 505. Henry Goodclerk, _X X_ 1.

Goodenough. John Godynogh, _G_. William Godyinogh, _M_.

Goodfellow, 506. John Goodefelagh, _O_. Thomas Godfelawe, _H_.

Goodfowl, 506. Agnes Godefouele, _A_. Basilia Godfowele, _A_.

Goodgift, 103. Goodgift Gynnings, 103.

Goodgroom, 505. Robert le Godegrom, _A_. John Godgrom, _H_.

Goodhart, 463. Alexander Godherte, _E_. Walter Godherte, _E_.

Goodherring, 499. Adam Godharing, _A_.

Goodhugh, 504. John Godhug, _A_. Hugh Godhewe, _M_. William Godhugh, _M_.

Goodhusband, 505. Agnes Godhusbonde, _A_. Nicholas Godhosbonde, _A_.

Goodhyne, 505. Alexander Godhine, _A_. John Godhyne, _M_.

Goodier, 22. William Godier, _M_. Joan Goodyere, _W_ 2.

Goodknave, 505. Geoffrey Godeknave, _A_. Gilbert Godknave, _B_. William Goodknave, _D_.

Goodlake, 22. Guthlake Folyot, _Z_.

Goodlove, 474. William Godelove, _M_.

Goodluck (_v._ Goodlake), 22.

Goodman (1), 506. Henry le Godman, _A_. (2), Herbert fil. Godman, _C_.

Goodmother. William Godmoder, _A_.

Goodnurse, 506. William Godenurs, _A_.

Goodrich (_v._ Goderich), 22. Walter Goderiche, _A_. Richard Gooderick, _Z_.

Goodrobert, 504. Robert Goderoberd, _P_.

Goodson, 507. Emma fil. Gode, _A_. William Godeson, _A_. John Godesone, _A_.

Goodspeed, 512. Ralph Godisped, _A_.

Goodswain, 505. Henry Godeseweyn, _A_. John Godsweyn, _A_. John Godesweyn, _M_.

Goodwayt, 506. Roger Godweyt, _A_.

Goodwife, 507. William Goodwyfe, 507 _n_.

Goodwin, 21. William Godewyn, _A_. Thomas Godwine, _M_.

Goodwright, 278.

Goodyear (_v._ Goodier), 22.

Goose (_v._ Goss), 494. John le Goos, _M_. Peter le Goos, _F F_. Walter le Gows, _A_.

Goosebeak, 500. Mariota Gosebeck, _A_.

Gooseherd, 267. Joan Gushyrde, _W_ 11. Agnes Gusehyrd, _W_ 11. John Gooshewed, _W_ 19.

Gore, 130. Robert atte Gore, _A_. Thomas de la Gore, _R_.

Goreway, 130. William ad le Goreway, _A_.

Goshawk, 493. William Goshawke, _F F_.

Gosling (_v._ Joscelyn), 494. Goscelina fil. Gawyn, _A_. Roger fil. Gocelin, _A_.

Goss (_v._ Goose), 494. Amicia le Gos, _J_. John le Gos, _M_.

Gotobed (_v._ Godbert), 22. Johannes Go-to-bedde, _R R_ 1. John Gotebedde, _A_. Henry Gotobed, _Z_.

Gotokirk, 501. Serle Gotokirke, _A_.

Gottard (_v._ Goddard), 267.

Gottschalk, 212, 22. Godeschalke de Estlaund, _A_. Godefry fil. Godescallus, _C_. Godeskalcus Armorer, _W_ 2

Gouty, 441. John Gouty, _V_.

Grace, 103, 432. Grace Clayton, _W_ 14. Grace Prest, _W_ 16.

Gracedieu, 511. ‘Mr. Gracedieu,’ _v._ 511 _n_.

Gramary, 197. Andrew le Gramary, _G_. William Grammary, _M_.

Grammar, Grammer, 197. Andrew le Gramayre, _A_. Richard le Gramayre, _G_. William Grammaticus, _J_.

Grand (_v._ Grant), 432

Grange, 134. Jordan de la Grange, _A_. William de la Grange, _M_.

Grangeman, 135. John Grangeman, _Z_.

Granger, 134. Richard le Granger, _A_. John le Graunger, _G_.

Grant, 432. Richard le Grant, _C_. Walter le Grant, _M_.

Granville (_v._ Grenville), 151.

Graper, 374. Agnes Graper, _B_. Richard le Graper, _H_.

Grass, 432. Ralph le Gras, _B_. Walter le Gras, _G_. Amabel le Gras, _M_.

Graunt, 432. Jurdan le Graunt, _A_. Richard le Graunt, _M_.

Grave, 464.

Graver, 120. Thomas Graver, _Z_.

Graves, 120. Sibilla de le Grave, _B_. Robert atte Grave, _M_.

Graveshend, 114. Richard de la Graveshend, _A_. Stephen de Graveshende, _B_.

Gray (_v._ Grey) (1), 395. William le Gray, _O_. Nicholas le Gray, _A_. (2). Norman de Gray, _A_.

Graycock (_v._ Grayson). Peter Graycocke, _W_ 16. Francis Graycocke, _W_ 16.

Grayson (_v._ Grierson). Mary Grayson, _W_ 16.

Great. William le Grete, _M_. Hugh le Gret, _R_.

Greathand. John Greathand, _M_.

Greathead, 435. Thomas Gretehed, _H_. Agnes Greatheved, _R_.

Greaves (_v._ Graves), 120.

Greavesend (_v._ Graveshend), 114.

Green, 131. Deonisia ate Grene, _A_. Warin de la Grene, _A_.

Greenett (_v._ Green). Simon atte Grenette, _B_.

Greenhead, 447. Richard Greenhead, _W_ 2.

Greenhorn, 470. Christopher Greynhorne, _W_ 15.

Greenkirtle, 458. John Grenecurtel, _F F_.

Greenman, 456.

Greenslade, 121. Robert de Greneslade, _K_. Antony Greneslade, _Z_.

Greensmith, 281. Henry Greensmith, _Z_. Edward Greensmith, _F F_. Richard Grensmythe, _Z_.

Greeves, 120.

Greg, Gregg, (_v._ Gregory). Simon fil. Greg, _A_. Robert Grege, _A_.

Gregory. Peter Gregory, _A_. Richard fil. Gregorii _A_. Gregory Washer, _V_ 3.

Gregson (_v._ Greg). William fil. Greg, _A_. Robert Gregson, _W_ 11.

Grenville, 151. Richard de Grenville, _A_. Matilda de Grenewille, _A_.

Grey (_v._ Gray) (1). Reginald de Grey, _R_. William de Grey, _R_. (2), 445. John le Grey, _A_. Adam le Grey, _G_.

Greybeard, 449. Richard Greyberd, _A_.

Greygoose, 404.

Greyling, 497. Gilbert Greyling, _R_.

Greyshank, 438. Gilbert Greyschanke, _A_.

Grierson (_v._ Gregson).

Grice, 445. John le Gris, _A_. Thomas le Grise, _M_.

Grieve, 233. Thomas le Greyve, _A_.

Grieveson, 65. John Greveson, _W_ 9. William Greffeson, _S S_.

Grig, Grigg, (_v._ Greg). Richard fil. Grigge, _A_. Grigge le Fulur, _A_. Serle Grigg, _A_.

Grinchetyl, 25. Grinchetyl, _Q_. Grimkettle, _F F_. Grinketel, _v._ p. 25 _n_.

Grimkelson. Onty Grimkelson (Lower).

Grinder. Stephen le Grindar, _A_. Ralph Grindour, _C_.

Grinkle (_v._ Grinchetyl), 22.

Grisdale, 491. Thomas Grisedale, _W_ 4. John Grysdale, _W_ 16.

Grise (_v._ Grice), 491. William le Gryse, _Z_.

Griselwhite. 445. Annie Griselwhite, _F F_.

Grissel, 445. John Grissel, _Z_.

Griswood, 491.

Groome, 505. Seman le Grom, _A_. Simon le Grom, _H_.

Grose, 432. John le Gros, _B_. Bertram le Gros, _E_. Hugh le Gros, _G_.

Groser, 370.

Grosjean, 46, 503.

Grosser, 370.

Grossmith, 505.

Grosted, Grostete, 435. Richard Grostete, _A_. Peter Grossetest, _W_ 4. Robert Groteste, _X_.

Grosvenur. Robert le Grovenur, _J_. Robert le Grosvenur, _T_.

Grote. Roger le Grote, _A_. William Grote, _A_.

Grover, 120.

Groves, 120. William atte Grove, _M_.

Guard. Robert le Gard, _F F_.

Guarin, Guerin, (_v._ Waring), 32. Guarinus de Chauncy, _E_. Guarinus Banastre, _C_. Ivo fil. Guarin, _C_.

Gull, 494. Hugh le Gul, _A_. Clement le Gul, _A_.

Gunn (1), Matilda fil. Gunne, _A_. Roger Gunne, _J_. (2), 230.

Gunner (_v._ Ginner), 229.

Gunson (_v._ Gunn, 1). Richard fil. Gunne, _R_. Eustace Gunson, _A_.

Gunter (_v._ Gaunter), 309. Roger Gunter, _B_. John Gunter, _Z_.

Gurney. Hugh de Gurnay, _A_. Anselm de Gurney, _A_.

Guster, 214. Robert le Gustur, _T_.

Guthlac, 17.

Guy, 36. Guy de Boys, _H_. Imbert fil. Guido, _T_.

Guyatt, Guyot,(_v_. Guy), 36. Aleyn Gyot, _H_.

Habbakuk, 100. Abacucke Harman, _Z_.

Haberdasher, 343. Richard le Haberdasher, _P_.

Hacker, 264. Adam le Hacker, _E_. Richard Hacker, _F_.

Hackman, 264. Thomas Hakeman, _A_. Joan Hakeman, _F F_.

Hadwin (_v._ Hardwin), 27.

Haig, Haigh, 133. Robert atte Haghe, _F F_. Richard atte Haghe, _F F_.

Hairproud, 453. Richard le Herprute, _A_.

Half-Knight, 199. Geoffrey Halve Knit, _A_. Nicholas Halve-Knight _A_.

Halfpeny, 482. William Halpeni, _A_. Walter Halpeni, _A_.

Halfnaked, 431. Adam de Halnaked, _M_. Adam de Halfenaked, _H_.

Hale, 136, 154. Pagan de la Hale, _A_. Thomas ate Hale, _M_.

Halket, 51.

Hall, 136, 154. Walter de la Halle, _A_. John atte Halle, _B_.

Hallett, 51. Matthew Halyet, _F F_. Nathaniel Hallyet, _F F_.

Halliday, 64. Gerard Haliday, _A_. Alan Halyday, _H_.

Halse, 385. John Halse, _H_. Andrew Halse, _W_ 9. John Hals, _X X_ 1.

Halstaff, 462. Anthony Halstaffe, 462.

Hamlet (_v._ Hamnett), 16, 35. Hamlet Ashton, _A A_ 1. Hamelet de la Burste, _N N_. Richard fil Hamelot, _A A_ 2.

Hamlyn 35. Hamelyn de Trap, _H_. Hamalin Prepositus, _C_. Osbert Hamelyn, _M_.

Hammer, 144.

Hammett (_v._ Hamnett), 35.

Hammond, 35. Hamund le Mestre, _A_. Hamond Cobeler, _H_. John Fitzhamond, _D_.

Hamnett (_v._ Hamlet), 35. Hamnet, Stockley, _A A_ 1. Humfrey Hamnett, _A A_ 1. Hamnet Sadler, _v._ p. 35. Hampnet Clegge, _X X_ 1.

Hamo, Hamon, Hamond, (_v._ Hammond), 35. Hamo le Bret, _A_. Hamo le Bard, _A_. Hamo fil. Ricardi, _M_.

Hamondson (_v._ Hampson), 35. Alice Hamundson, _W_ 2. John Hawmundson, _W_ 11.

Hamper, 388. Geoffrey le Hanaper, _A_. John Hanaper, _A_.

Hampermaker, 388. William Hampermaker, _H_. Walter Hampermaker, _R R_ 3.

Hampshire, 147. John Hamshire, _A_.

Hampson, 35. Nicholas fil. Hamon, _J_. Hamo fil. Hamonis, _C_. William Hamneson, _Z Z_. John Hamson, _V_ 5.

Hamsher (_v._ Hampshire), 120.

Hancock (_v._ Handcock) 46.

Hand, 436. Richard Hand, _A_. Thomas Hande, _A_.

Handcock, 46. Hanecock Birun, _A_. John Hancock, _O_.

Handless, 441. John Handelesse, _W_ 11.

Handshaker, 501. William Hondeshakere, _M_.

Handsomebody, 508.

Hanker, 196. John le Haneker, _A_. William Hanekare, _A_.

Hankins, 46. Hancken de Fine, _E_. Hanekyn Jocelyn, _N_. Hankyn Maynwaryng, _H_.

Hankinson, 46. Garrett Hankinson, _Z_. Randolph Hankynson, _Z Z_.

Hannah (_v._ Hannay), 164.

Hannant, 164.

Hannay, 136. John de Henau, _C_. William Hannay, _H_.

Hans, 45. Hans Berner, _O_. Hans Doubler, _O_.

Hansard, 165.

Hanson, 46. Roger Hanson, _F_. Richard Hanson, _W_ 2. Barnby Hanson, _V_ 4.

Hanway (_v._ Hannay), 164.

Harber, 291. William le Harbeiour, _B_. William le Herber, _E_. Richard le Hareber, _N_.

Harbinger, 219, 291.

Harbour (_v._ Harber), 291.

Harcourt, 151. Saer de Harecurt, _A_. Alicia de Harecurt, _K_.

Hardcorse. Simon Hardcorse, _F_.

Harden, 118. Richard de Harden, _B_. William de Harden, _C_.

Hardfish. Richard Hardfysshe, _F F_. John Hardfish, _F F_.

Hardgripe. Robert Hardgripe, _M M_.

Hardhead, 435, 447. Robert Hardheved, _A_. Simon Hardheved, _T_.

Harding, 27. Maurice fil. Harding, _E_. Harding Faber (Lower). William fil. Harding, _M M_.

Hardman, 464. John Hardiman, 494 _n_.

Hardwareman, 296. Lambert Hardwareman, _W_ 11.

Hardwin, 27.

Hardy, 464. Thomas Hardi, _A_. Richard Hardy, _M_.

Hare, 488. Geoffrey le Hare, _B_. John le Hare, _M_.

Harebrown, 448. William Harebrown, _F F_.

Harefoot, 439.

Harengot, 497. Stephen Harengot, _DD_.

Harfagre, 5.

Hargreaves, 120. John de Haregrave, _A_. John de Hargreve, _C_.

Harley, 119. Roger de Harlege, _A_. Richard de Harleg, _A_.

Harlot. John Harlot, _K_. John le Harlet, _A_.

Harman (_v._ Herman), 26. Cecilia Hereman, _A_. Herman de Francia, _C_.

Harmanson (_v._ Harman), 27. Walter Hermanson, _O_. John Urmynson, _W_ 11.

Harmer (_v._ Hermer), 27. Robert fil. Hermer, _C_. Hopkins Harmar, _Z_.

Harold, 5, 19. Gilbert fil. Harold, _J_. Harold fil Roberti, _J_.

Harper, Harpour, Harpur, 310. Ralph le Harpur, _A_. Gilbert le Harpour, _B_. Hugh le Harper, _M_.

Harpmaker, 309. Robert Harpmaker, 309 _n_.

Harriet, 51. Heriot Heringflet, _F F_. Thomas Haryette, _G_. William Haryott, _F_.

Harriman, 506. John Harriman, _P P_.

Harriot (_v._ Harriet), 51.

Harris, 51. John Harryes, _H_. Ezekias Harrys, _F F_.

Harrison, 51. Henricus fil. Henry, _C_. George Herrison, _W_ 9. Reginald Herryesson, _F F_.

Harrold (_v._ Harold), 5, 19. James Harrold, _F F_.

Hart, 488. Hobart le Hart, _F F_. Richard le Hert, _M_.

Hartley, 119. Richard de Hertleye, _A_. Robert Harteley, _Z_.

Hartman, 235.

Hartop, Hartrop, 137. John Hartop, _F F_. Elizabeth Hartopp, _F F_.

Harvard, 26.

Harvey, Harvie, 28. Eustace fil. Hervei, _A_. Herveus le Gos, _A_. William fil. Hervei, _E_.

Haseler (_v._ Hastiler), 207.

Hasell, 54. Oliver de Hassell, _A_. William de Hasele, _A_.

Hasler (_v._ Hastiler), 207.

Haster (_v._ Hastler), 174. Philip le Haster, _A_. John Haster, _W_ 9.

Hastiler, Hastler, 207. Thurstan le Hastiler, _E_. William Hastiler, _M_. Henry le Hastelier, _R R_. John Hastler, _V_ 10.

Hatch, 130. Richard de la Hache, _A_. Philip atte Hache, _M_.

Hatcher, 130.

Hatchman, 130. Roger Hatchman, _Z_.

Hatechrist. William Hatecrist, _K_.

Hatewrong, 500. Henry Hatewrong, _B_.

Hatmaker, 337. William Hatmaker, _H_.

Hatt, 144. Thomas del Hat, _A_. John atte Hatte, _R_.

Hatter, 144, 337. Henry le Hatter, _A_. Robert le Hattare, _M_.

Hauberger, 222. Gilbert le Hauberger, _B_. John le Haubergere, _N_.

Haughton, 133. John de Houghtone, _X_. Thomas Haughton, _Z_.

Havercake, 367. Matilda Havercake, _A_.

Haverpenny, 428. William Haverpenny, _F F_.

Haward (_v._ Hayward), 234. William Haward, _M_. Piers le Hawarde, _H_.

Hawes, 133. Peter in le Hawe, _A_. John de la Hawe, _A_.

Hawke, 493.

Hawker, 294. John le Haucker, _A_. Simon le Hauckere, _B_. John le Haukere, _M_.

Hawkhurst, 116.

Hawkins, 51. Haukin de Hauvill, _R_. Haukyn Mayne, _H_. Haukyn Ferers, _O_.

Hawkinson, 51.

Hawkstone, 493. Roger de Haukestane, _A_.

Hawley, 133. John Hauley, _Z_.

Hawman (_v._ Hayman). Thomas Hawman, _W_ 11.

Haworth, 133.

Hawthornthwaite, 121.

Hawton (_v._ Haughton), 133. Hugh de Hawtone, _A_. Henry Hawton, _Z_.

Hay, 133. Anna de la Hay, _B_. John de la Hay, _M_.

Haycraft, 132. Hugh de la Heycroft, _A_. William a la Heycrofte, _A_.

Haye, Hayes, 133. Stephen de la Haye, _A_. Cecilia de la Haye, _B_. William atte Haye, _J_.

Hayland, 133. Thomas de Heyelonde, _A_. Richard de Haulaund, _E_.

Hayley, 133. Eborard de Heyle, _A_. Gavin de Haule, _E_.

Hayman, 234. Peter Hayman, _F_. Ralph le Hayman, _Z_.

Haymon (_v._ Haymon), 35.

Haymonger, 275. Walter le Heymongere, _G_.

Hayward, 234. Adam le Hayward, _A_. Richard le Hayward, _B_. Nicholas le Hayward, _M_.

Haywood, 133. William de Haywode, _M_. Isabell Heywode, _A_.

Hazleholt. Simon de Hasleholt, _G_.

Hazlehurst, 116. William de Haselhurst, _R_.

Head (1), 434. William Heved, _M_. (2), 434. Thomas del Heved, _A_.

Heard (_v._ Herd), 266. William Hearde, _Z_.

Hearne (1), 130. Thomas ate Hurne, _A_. Henry en le Hurne, _A_. (2), 494. Henry le Herne, _A_.

Heath, 126. William atte Hethe, _B_. Nicholas atte Hethe, _M_. John de la Hethe, _A_.

Heavy, 431.

Hedge (_v._ Hedges).

Hedger, 258.

Hedges. Geoffrey atte Hegge, _M_. John atte Hegge, _M_.

Hedgman, 258. Alan Hagheman, _A_.

Hefferman, 271.

Heir (_v._ Eyre), 169. Richard le Heir, _M_.

Helder, 358. Christiana le Heldere, _A_.

Hell (_v._ Hill), 122. Roger de la Helle, _A_. Alexander atte Helle, _H_.

Hell-cat, 501. Anna Hellicat, _W_ 20.

Hellier, 247. Robert le Helliere, _A_. Thomas Hellier, _Z_.

Hellman, 247. William Heleman, _A_.

Hellus, 131. Nicholas del Hellus, _A_.

Hellyer (_v._ Hellier), 247. John Hellyer, _Z_.

Helman (_v._ Hellman), 247.

Henchman, 215. Henry Henchman, _Z_. Joseph Henchman, _F F_.

Hendiman, 468. William Hendiman, _A_. William Hendeman, _M_.

Hendy, 468. Thomas le Hendy, _F F_. John le Hendy, _F F_.

Henman (_v._ Henchman), 180. John Henman, _F F_. William Henman, _F F_.

Henn, 494. Coleman le Henn, _A_. Thomas le Henn, _A_.

Henriot (_v._ Henry), 51. Alicia Henriot, _W_ 2. Robert Henriot, _W_ 2.

Henry, 51. Henry fil. Isolda, _T_. Henry fil. Justina, _T_.

Henryson, 51. William Henryesson, _G_. Catherine Henryson, _W_ 2.

Henshall, Henshaw, 117. Benjamin Henshaw, _V_ 5. Joseph Henshaw, _F F_. William Hanshaw, _H_.

Hensman (_v._ Henchman), 215.

Henty (_v._ Hendy), 468.

Herald, Heraud, 218. Main le Heralt, _B_. Roger Herald, _F F_.

Herberer (_v._ Harber), 291. Roger le Herberer, _O_.

Herberger, 219, 291. Herbert le Herberjur, _E_.

Herbert. Herbert le Francis, _E_. Gilbert Hereberd, _A_.

Herd, 266. John le Hirde, _A_. Roger le Herde, _M_. Alice le Herde, _H_.

Herdler, 258. Gilbert le Herdlere, _A_.

Herdman, 228. William le Herdeman, _B_. Martin Herdman, _A_.

Herdson, 65. Henry Herdson, _F F_. James Hirdson, _Z Z_.

Hereward, 26. Emma Hereward, _A_. Howel ap Herewarde, _M_.

Herman, 27. Herman de Alemannia, _G_. Alan Herman, _M_.

Hermer (_v._ Harmer), 27.

Hermit, 196. Gerard Heremite, _A_. Silvester le Hermite, _B_.

Hermitage (_v._ Armitage), 196.

Heron, 494. Robert Heyron, _A_. William Heron, _B_.

Herring, 497. Robert Heryng, _A_. Reymund Heryng, _M_.

Herringer, 377. Thomas le Haringer, _E_. Richard le Harenger, _A_.

Herringbreeder, 377. Symon Haryngbreeder, _A_.

Herriot (_v._ Harriot). William Heryot, _X X_ 1.

Heth, 126. Matilda atte Heth, _A_. John del Heth, _J_.

Hewe (_v._ Hugh), 60. Hew Heryson, _F F_. Hewe Hare, _Z_. Hewe Whythede, _W_ 12.

Hewer, 264. Walter le Howere, _A_. Ralph le Heuer, _B_. Benedict le Huwere, _A_.

Hewet, 16, 60. Robert Hughet, _M_. John Hewette, _H_.

Hewetson, 16, 60. William Heuetson, _W_ 8. Elizabeth Hewetson, _Z_. John Hewetson, _W_ 16. John Huetson, _W_ 12.

Hewlett, 16, 60. Walter Hughelot, _A_. William Hughlot, _N_. John Huelot, _A_. Houlot de Rancheste, _A A_ 4.

Hewson, 60. Jordan fil. Hugh, _A_. John Hewisson, _Z_. Eliz. Hewson, _W_ 16.

Hewster, 264. Richard le Hewster (_v._ p. 264 _n_.).

Heyward, 234. Elwin le Heward, _A_. Henry le Heyward, _B_. William le Heyward, _M_.

Heywood (_v._ Haywood), 133.

Hicks, 82. Geoffrey fil. Hicke, _A_. Baptist Hickes, _Z_. Thomas Hix, _Z_.

Hickson, 82. John Hixson, _F_. William Hikson, _W_ 3. Nicholas Hichesone, _P P_.

Higgett (_v._ Higgott), 82.

Higgins, 82. John Hyggyns, _F_. Edward Hyggons, _F_. William Higons, _H_.

Higginson, 82. Thomas Hyggenson, _W_ 9. Robert Higynson, _Z Z_.

Higgott, 82. George Higgott, 82 _n_.

Higgs, 82. George Higges, _F_. Thomas Higges, _Z_.

High, 431. Robert le Heye, _A_. Robert le Hey, _M_.

Higson, 82. Peter Higson, _Z_.

Hill, 122. Geoffrey del Hil, _A_. John at Hil, _M_.

Hillary, 71. Hillary Constabularius, _A_. Illaria Purcel, _T_. Hillaria la Waleyse, _A_.

Hillier (_v._ Hellier), 247.

Hillyer (_v._ Hellier), 247.

Hind, 255. Francis Hind, _Z_. John Hynd, _Z Z_.

Hinde, 255. Mildred Hynde, _Z_. Lawrence Hynde, _Z Z_.

Hindley, 119. Hugh Hyndeley, _Z Z_. John Hyndley, _Z Z_.

Hindman, 235. Richard Hindman, _Z_.

Hindshaw, 117.

Hindson, 65 _n_. Jenet Hyndsone, _A A_ 4.

Hine, 255. Stephen le Hine, _M_. John le Hyne, _A_.

Hinxman (_v._ Henchman), 215. William Hinxman, _Z_. Joseph Hinxman, _Z_.

Hiredman. Thomas Hiredman, _R R_ 1.

Hirst, 116. Simon de la Hirst, _A_. John de Herst, _E_.

Hitchcock, 40. Higecok de Trent, _X_. Hichecok Bedell, _A_. William Hychcok, _W_ 3.

Hitchcox, 40.

Hitchins, 40. William Hychyns, _F_.

Hitchinson, 40. David Henchenesson, _F F_.

Hithereve (John le Huthereve, _n_.), 233.

Hoarder, 211. Richard le Hordere, _A_. Adam le Horder, _H_. John le Hordere, _R_.

Hoare (_v._ Hore), 444. Adam le Hore, _A_.

Hob (_v._ Hobbs), 39.

Hobbins, 39. Hobbyn, _F F_.

Hobbler, 200.

Hobbs, 39. Obbe Dudeman, _E_. Hobbe fil. Ralph, _DD_. Hobbe the Werewede, _C_.

Hobday, 64. Richard Hobday, _Z_.

Hobelot, 16, 39. Constance Hobelot, _A_.

Hobkins (_v._ Hopkins), 39. Nicholas Hobekyn, _A_. Roger Hobekyn, _A_.

Hobjohn, 503. John Hobjohn, _Z_.

Hobler, 200.

Hobman, 506. John Hobman, _V_ 5.

Hobson, 39. William Hobson, _F_. Thomas Hobbessone, _H_.

Hockday, Hockerday, 64. John Hockeday, _Z_.

Hodder, 294. Godewyn le Hodere, _N_. John le Hottere, _X_.

Hodges (_v._ Roger), 40. William Hodgys, _F_. Robert Hodge, _H_.

Hodgkins (_v._ Roger), 40. John Hogekyn, _H_. Charles Hodgskines, _Z_.

Hodgkinson (_v._ Roger), 40. John Hoddeskynson, _Z Z_. Robert Hodgekynson, _F_.

Hodgman, 506. Nicholas Hodgman, _v._ p. 506.

Hodgson, Hodson, (_v._ Roger), 40. John Hoggeson, _F_. Richard Hodggessone, _H_. Evan Hodson, _Z Z_.

Hoel (_v._ Howell), 13. Hoel fil. Philip, _C_. Isabel Hoel, _Z Z_.

Hogg (1), 485. Richard del Hog, _M_. (2), 491. Alice le Hog, _A_. Philip le Hog, _A_.

Hoggart, 267. Nicholas Hogherde, _F_. Margaret Hoggard, _F_. John Hogerd, _W_ 11.

Hogman, 270. John Hogeman, _A_.

Hogsflesh, 499. Margery Hoggesflesh, _Z_. William Hoggesflesh, _Z_.

Hogshaw, 117. Emelina de Hogshawe, 117 _n_.

Hointer, 386, 263. Michel le Hointer, _A_.

Holder, 358. Robert le Holdere, _A_.

Holland, 164. Thurstan de Holland, _M_. John de Holland, _H_.

Hollandman, 164. William Holandman, _W_ 8.

Holleyman, 113. William Holyman, _A_. Richard Hollyman, _Z_.

Holliday, 64. Leonard Hollidaie, _Z_. Ralph Holiday, _F F_.

Hollier, 113. William Holyer, _F F_.

Holman, 122. Digorie Holman, _Z_.

Holme, 115. Joscelyn de Holme, _A_. Robert del Holm, _R_.

Holmer, 122.

Holmes (_v._ Holme), 122, 115

Holt, 116. Henry de la Holte, _A_. Ralph atte Holt, _M_. William del Holt, _A_.

Holtman (_v._ Holt), 116. John Holtman, _H_. Thomas Holtman, _F F_.

Holroyd, 120. Richard Oldroyd, _W_ 16.

Holy-bread, 367. John Stokes, _alias_ Holibread.

Holy-peter, 504. William Halupetir, _A_.

Holy-water-clerk, 189. Hugh Hali-watere-clerk, _M_.

Homer, 223. Manekyn le Heaumere, _H_.

Honeyman, 262. Osbert Honiman, _A_. Gilbert Honyman, _D_.

Hooker. William le Hoker, _M_. John Hoker, _X_.

Hooper, 395. Alexander le Hopere, _A_. Andrew le Hopere, _M_.

Hope. Roger de la hope, _A_. David atte Hope, _O_.

Hopkins, 39. Henry ap Hopkyn, _B_. Hopkyn ap Rees, _C_.

Hopkinson, 39. Henry Hopkynson, _Z Z_. Richard Hopkinson, _Z_.

Hopper, 307. Richard le Hoppar, _A_. Geoffrey le Hoppere, _H_. Adam le Hoppere, _J_.

Hopperson, 65. Nicholas Hopperson, _v._ p. 65 _n_.

Hore, 444. Richard le Hore, _A_. Peter le Hore, _B_. Thomas le Hore, _M_.

Horn, 142, 394. Roger Horn, _A_. Richard Horn, _R_.

Hornblow (_v._ Blowhorn), 236

Hornbuckle, 501. John Hornbuckle, _P P_.

Horner, 394. Matilda le Hornere, _A_.

Horner, 394. John le Horner, _B_. Richard le Horner, _M_.

Horsden, 118. William de Horsden, _A_. William de Horsenden, _Q_.

Horsley, 119. Beyll Horsle, _W_ 9. Roger de Horssele, _DD_.

Horsman, 285. Agnes le Horsman, _A_. John Horseman, _H_.

Horsemonger, 286. Leo le Horsemongere, _A_.

Horse-nail, 501. Thomas Horsenail (Hist. Ant. Surrey).

Hosier, 354. Philip le Hosier, _M_. Lawrence Hosyer, _H_.

Hoskyns (_v._ Hodgkins), 40. Thomas Hoskyns, _H_. Elizabeth Hoskyns, _Z_.

Host. Roger le Hoste, _C_. John le Host, _A_.

Hostricier (_v._ Ostricer), 241. Geoffrey le Hostriciere, _E_.

Hotchkins, Hotchkinson, (_v._ Hodgkinson), 40. John Hotchekynson, _Z Z_.

Hound (_v._ Hund), 493.

Hound-dealer. John Houndealler, _F_.

Housewife. John Hosewyf, _G_.

Howard, 26. John Fitz-Howard, _W_ 2. William Howard, _A_.

Howe (1), 127. Letitia atte Howe, _M_. John de la How, _F F_. Robert ad le Ho, _V_ 8. (2), Ralph le Howe, _M_. William le Howe, _M_.

Howell (_v._ Powell), 13. Howel le Waleys, _M_. Elizabeth ap Howell, _B_. Howel ap David, _M_.

Howett (_v._ Hewett), 60.

Howlett (_v._ Hewlett), 60. John Howlett, _F_. Humfrey Howlett, _Z_.

Howson, 60. Carolus Howson, _F_. Simon Howissone, _F F_.

Hozier (_v._ Hosier), 354.

Hucker, 294. William le Huckere _M_.

Huckin (_v._ Hughkin) 60.

Huckster, 294. Peter le Huckster, _M_.

Hudd. Hudde de Knaresborough, _E_. Hudde Garcio de Stabulo, _DD_.

Hudson (_v._ Hudd). Richard Huddeson, _H_. John Hudeson, _W_ 2.

Huet (_v._ Hewett). 60. Huet de Badone, _E_. Joan Huet, _W_ 2.

Huggins, 16, 60. William fil. Hugonis, John Hugonys, _F F_. Hugyn, _A A_ 2.

Hugginson, 16, 60. Nicholas fil. Hugonis, _A_. William Huggynson, _Z Z_. Mary Huggison, _W_ 16.

Hugh, 60. Edde fil. Hugh, _A_. Hugh le Chepman, _T_.

Hughes, 60. Richard Hewys, _F_. Richard Hewes, _Z_.

Hughkin, 60. Hughkin Byston, _A A_ 1.

Hughson, 60. John Hughson, _Z_. Richard Hughesson, _F F_.

Hull, 97. Nicholas atte Hulle, _B_. Jordan de la Hulle, _F_.

Hullett (_v._ Hewlett), 60. William Houghlot, _O_. Roger fil. Hulot, _W_ 8.

Humble, 464. Richard Humble, _Z_.

Humphrey, Humfrey, 12, 27. Richard Umfrey, _A_. Humfridus de Bassingbourn, _C_.

Hund, 492. Gilbert le Hund, _A_. William le Hund, _B_.

Hundredpound (_v._ Centlivre), 513. William Hundredpound, _F F_.

Hungry. William Hungry, _R_.

Hunnard, 269, 235. Helyas le Hunderd, _A_.

Hunne, 162. William le Hunne, _A_. Martin le Hunne, _A_.

Hunt, 237. Nicholas le Hunte, _A_. John le Hunt, _B_. Gilbert le Hunt, _M_.

Hunter, 237. Henry le Huntere, _A_. Thomas le Hunter, _M_.

Huntsman, 237. Walter Hunteman, _A_. Joan Hunteman, _C_.

Hurd (_v._ Herd), 266. Robert le Hyrde, _A_.

Hurdman (_v._ Herdman), 266. Mawde Hurdman, _A_. Christopher Hurdsman, _W_ 16.

Hurer (_v._ Hurrer), 338. Alan le Hurer, _A_.

Hurlebat, 462. Robert Hurlebat, _X_. Matilda Hurlebatt, _V_. John Hurlebatt, _Z_.

Hurlstone, 462.

Hurrer (_v._ Hurer), 338. Geoffrey le Hurwere, _A_.

Hursley, 116. William de Hurslee, _A_.

Hurst (_v._ Hirst), 116. William de la Hurst, _B_. John atte Hurst, _M_.

Husband, 505. Robert le Hosebonde, _A_. Walter le Husebonde, _A_.

Husbandman. Christopher Husbandman, _W_ 11.

Huskisson, 60. John Hocheskynson, _F_.

Hutchins, 60. William Huchyn, _F_. Alan Huchyns, _H_.

Hutchinson, 60. Johannes Huchesson, _W_ 19. Thomas Hochinson, _F_. Christopher Huchynson, _F_.

Hutchreve, 368. Robert le Huchereve, _N_.

Hyde. Leticia de la Hyde, _A_. Adam atte Hyde, _M_.

Hyldsmith. William Hyldsmyth, _A_.

Hyne, 255. John le Hyne, _A_. William le Hyne, _J_.

Hyneson, 65. Ellen Hyneson, _W_ 9. Thomas Hynson, _Z_.

Hythe, 233. Walter de la Hythe, _A_. Eustace de la Hythe, _A_.

Hythereve, 233. John le Huthereve, _O_.

Ibbetson (_v._ Ibbotson), 79. Joseph Ibbetson, _W_ 16. Francis Ibbitson, _W_ 20.

Ibbet (_v._ Ibbot), 79.

Ibbot, 79. Ibbota fil. Adæ, _W_ 2. Walter Ibbot, _A_. Ebote Gylle, _Z_. Ibote Babyngton, _Z_. Ybote de Chalar, _A_.

Ibbotson, 79. Robert fil. Ibotæ, _B_. Alice Ebotson, _W_ 2. Henry Ebison or Ibbotson, _T T_.

Ibbs, Ibson, 79. Thos Ibson, _W_ 11. John Ibson, _W_ 11.

Icemonger, 391. Isabel le Isemongere, _G_. Richard Ismongere, _M_. Agnes la Ismongere, _X_.

Ida, 19. Ida Salter, _W_ 2. Ida Carle, _A_. Ida de Bello Campo, _A_.

Iddison (_v._ Ida), 19. Emma fil. Ido, _W_ 5. Thomas Idessone, _S_.

Idonia, 19. Joan fil. Idonea, _T_. Idonea le Engleys, _J_.

Ilbert. Ilbert le Cementer, _S S_. Ilbert de Hereford, _DD_.

Imary, 29. Eymerus de Melinges. _M_. Eimericus de Chaworth, _E_. Aimaric Gedge, _M_.

Imbert. Imbertus de Salinis, _B_. Isembert Burrellus, _C_. Henry Isemberd, _A_.

Imeson, 29.

Imper, 260. Adam le Imper, _M_.

Imray (_v._ Imray), 29.

Increase, 104. Increase Mather, 104 _n_.

Inglis, 149. William Inglish, _B_. Roger Ingleys, _M_. Walter Ingeleys, _A_.

Ingram, 29. Ingeram de Betoyne, _A_. Engeram Betencurt, _E_. Ingram Germayn, _M_.

Inman, 292. Toby Inman, _W_ 9. Henry Inman, _Z_.

Ireland, 148. Adam de Irlond, _H_. Henry de Irlaund, _M_.

Iremonger, 391. John le Irmongere, _A_. Daniel le Irmongere, _M_. William le Irremongere, _M_.

Irish, 148. Adam le Ireis, _B_. Henry le Ireys, _M_. John le Irreys, _H_.

Irishman, 148. Edward Irishman, _F F_.

Ironfoot, 437. Peter Yrenefot, _A_.

Ironmonger (_v._ Iremonger), 391.

Ironpurse, 482. Jordan Irenepurs, _A_. Robert Irenpurse, _A_.

Ironsides, 437. Margery Ironside, _W_ 9. Gilbert Ironside, _S S_.

Irwin. Augustus fil. Erwin, _A_.

Isaac, 82. John Ysac, _A_. Samuel fil. Ysaac, _DD_. Ysaac de Norwich, _J_.

Isaacson, 82. Geoffrey fil. Isaac, _J_. William fil. Isaac, _T_.

Isabel, 19. Isabel de Arcy, _A_. William Isabelles, _F F_.

Ismay. Isemay Eglebird, _A_. Roger fil. Ysmay, _A_. Isamaya Hibernicia, _DD_.

Isolda, 19. Isolda Longespe, _A_. Richard fil. Isolda, _A_. Isolda fil. Hugh, _R_.

Ison (_v._ Iveson), 34.

Isott (_v._ Issot), 79. Isotte Symes, _Z_. Izott Barn, _Z_. Ezotta Hall, _W_ 11.

Ispanier, 161. Peter Ispanier, 161 _n_.

Issot (_v._ Isott), 79. John Issot, _W_ 16. Sarah Issot, _W_ 16.

Ithell (_v._ Bethell), 13. Ann Ithell, _H H_. Ithell Wynne, _A A_ 1.

Ivatts (_v._ Ivetts), 34.

Ive (_v._ Ivo), 34. Ive Hook, _A_. William fil. Ive, _A_.

Ivens, 45. Peter fil. Ivone, _A_. John Ivyn, _H_. David ap Ivan, _X X_ 1.

Iverson (_v._ Iveson), 34.

Ives, 34. Thomas fil. Ivonis, _E_. Aimeric fil. Yvo, _C_.

Iveson, 34. William Iveson, _W_ 2. Walter fil. Ive, _A_. Antony Iveson, _W_ 11.

Ivetts, 34. John fil. Ivette, _A_. Thomas fil. Ivettæ, _E_. Ivetta de Inglethorpe, _F F_.

Ivison (_v._ Iveson), 34.

Ivo (_v._ Ive), 34. Ivo le Merch, _A_. Ivo fil. Warin, _M_.

Ivory-Malet, 509.

Ivot (_v._ Ivetts), 34. Ivote le Bolure, _A_.

Jackanapes, 492. John Jackanapes, _M_.

Jack, 46 _n_. Jacke le Warner, _A_. Catherine Jak, _W_ 2.

Jackett, 49. Jackett Tozer, _Z_. Jaket Owdet, _Y_. Jacquetta Kuskyn, _A A_ 3. Henry Jaket, _V_ 11.

Jacklin. Alexander Jacklin, _v._ p. 49.

Jackman, 222, 49. Bennett Jackman, _Z_. Anne Jackman, _F F_.

Jacks, 45, 46 _n_. Agnes Jakkes, _A_. Jakes Amadur, _A_.

Jackson, 45. Robert fil. Jake, _A_. Edmund Jacson, _F_. Thomas Jaxsonn, _W_ 9. Richard Jaqueson, _V_ 2.

Jacobs, 46 _n_. Jordan Jacob, _A_. Agnes Jacob, _H_.

Jacobson. Robert fil. Jacob, _A_. Thomas fil. Jacob, _M_.

Jacox, 45.

Jakeman (_v._ Jackman), 222. John Jakeman, _F_.

Jake, 45. Jake Heriet, _A_. Robert fil. Jake, _A_.

Jakes (_v._ Jacks), 45. Robert Jacques, _M_. Jakys Breton, _W_ 2.

Jambe, 438. Hugh Jambe, _A_. Thomas Jaumbe, _M_.

James, 94. James le Queynt, _H_. John Jamys, _H_. Christiana James, _A_.

Jameson, Jamieson, 94. Thomas Jamson, _H_. Ralph Jamson, _Z Z_.

Jane (1), 48. Jane Jay, _F F_. Jane Swete, _H_. Thomas Jeynes, _V_ 2. (2). 133.

Janet (_v._ Jane), 48. John Janet, _H_. Janekin Jonet, _H_. Janeta Barker, _A_.

Janeway, 161. Benedict de Janua, _E_. Peter de Jueigny, _E_.

Jankin (_v._ Jenkins), 45. John Janekyn, _B_. Janekin Jonet, _H_.

Jannaway (_v._ Janeway), 161.

Janson (_v._ Jennison), 45. Roger Janneson, _F F_. Peter Janson, _F F_.

Jarman, 392. Robert Jarman, _Z Z_.

Jarrard, Jarratt, Jarrett, (_v._ Gerard), 52. Jarrard Gore, _Z_. Jarrett Dashwood, _F F_. Jarat Nycholson, _W_ 9.

Jarvis (_v._ Gervase). Ellen Jarvyes, _Z_.

Jay, 493. John le Jay, _M_. Walter le Jay, _B_.

Jayne, Jeane, (_v._ Jane), 48, 161.

Jeffcocks, 50. John Jeffcocke, _Z_.

Jefferson, 50. Warin Fitz-Geffrey, _M_. Geoffrey Jeffreson, _F_. Peter Geffreyson, _Z Z_.

Jeffkins, 50.

Jeffries, 50. John Geffereys, _H_. Richard Jefferaye, _Z_.

Jeffrison (_v._ Jefferson). Mathew Jeffreyson, _W_ 16.

Jeff, Jeffs, 50. Nicholas Jeff, _Z_. John Jeffes, _Z Z_.

Jemmitt, 94 _n_. Thomas Jemmitt, 94 _n_. James Jemett, _C C_ 3.

Jenkins, 45. Jenkyn le Messer, _H_. Jevan ap Jeynkyns, _F_.

Jenkinson, 45. Katerine Jankynson, _F_. Gilbert Jenkynson, _H_.

Jenks, 45. Rowland Jenks, _F_. Thomas Jenks, _Z_.

Jenner, 229. William le Genour, _M_. Henry Jenner, _Z_.

Jennings, 45, 49. Janyn Godard, _H_. Thomas Jennyns, _F_.

Jennison, 45, 48. Alan fil. Jene, _A_. John Jenanson, _H_. John Jenysyn, _F_. Joan Geneson, _W_ 11.

Jenour (_v._ Jenner), 229.

Jephson, 50. Thomas Jephson, _F F_.

Jepson, 50. Richard Jepson, _W_ 2. John Jepsonne, _A A_ 4. Moses Gipson, _C C_ 3.

Jerard (_v._ Jarrard), 53. Jerard Watson, _W_ 9. Jerrett Bulloke, _W_ 9.

Jervis (_v._ Gervase). Alexander Jervis, _Z_. Edyth Jervice, _Z Z_.

Jessmaker, 241. Robert le Jessemaker, _A_.

Jeune, 432. William le Jeune, _A_. Joceus le Jouene, _G_.

Jew, 167. Mirabilla Judæus, _C_. John le Jew, _M_. Moses le Jew, _R_.

Jewett, Jewitson, (_v._ Jowett). Christopher Jewitson, _Z_, 74 _n_. Henry Jewet, _X X_ 1. Mary Jewitt, _W_ 16.

Jewry (_v._ Jury), 166.

Jewsbury (_v._ Jewry), 167.

Jewson (_v._ Jewitson), 74 _n_.

Jill (_v._ Gill), 73.

Jimson, Jimpson, 94. William Gimmison, _W_ 20.

Joan, 48. Joan Peny, _H_. Joan de la Pomeroy, _H_. Joan fil. Idonea, _T_.

Joanes, 48.

Joanna, 19. Johanna le Curteys, _T_.

Job, Jobson, 83. John fil. Job, _A_. William Jobbe, _M_. Edward Jobson, _Z_.

John, 41, 45. Thomas John, _A_. John le Gris, _T_.

Johncock, 45.

Johnson, 45. Ivo fil. John, _A_. Edmund Jonson, _H_. Robert Johanson, _F_.

Joiner, 249. Hugh le Joignour, _G_. Alan le Joygnour, _N_.

Jolifwill, 504. William Jolifewille, _J_.

Jolly, 472. William Golye, _A_. Thomas Joly, _O_.

Jolyffe, 472. John Jolif, _A_. Henry Jolyffe, _M_.

Jones, 45. Walter fil. Jone, _A_. William Jon, _A_. Geoffrey Johns, _F_. David Jonys, _F_. Johan Johans, _H_. Robert Johnys, _F_.

Jonson (_v._ Johnson), 45.

Jordan, 18, 85. Stephen fil. Jordan, _A_. Jordan atte Mulle, _M_. Jordan le Flemynge, _J_.

Jordanson, Jordeson, Jordison, 86. John fil. Jordan, _C_. Ralph 86, fil. Jordan, _A_. Thomas Jordanson, _v._ p. 86. Margery Jordanson, _v._ p. 86.

Joscelyn, 18. Jocelidus fil. Joscelini, _T_. Ralph Josselyn, _H_.

Joseph, 3. Henry fil. Josep, _A_. Adam Josep, _M_. Josep le Taverner, _J_.

Joule, 433.

Jowetson (_v._ Jowett), 74. Christopher Jewitson, _Z_. Roger fil. Jouettæ, _T_.

Jowett, 14 _n_. Jowett Barton, _W_ 11. Joette de Sudmarle, _W_ 19. Juetta fil. William, _T_. Richard fil. Juette, _T_. William Juet, _A_.

Jowl, 433.

Joy. Adam Joye, _A_. William Joye, _M_.

Joyagain, 102.

Joyce (1), 71. Joyce Faukes, _H_. Joyce Tibetot, _H_. Joice Frankline, _W_ 9. (2), 463, 471. Richard le Joyce, _J_.

Joymaiden, 472. Geoffrey Joyemaiden, _A_.

Judd, Judkins, 86. Aron Judde, _A_.

Judge, 179.

Judson, 86. William Judson, _Z_. James Jurdeson, _S S_.

Jugg. Jugg Byron, _v._ p. 49.

Juggour, 313. Richard le Juggour, _M_.

Juggler, 313. Thomas Joculator, _M_.

Julia, Juliana, 19, 73. Emma fil. Juliana, _A_. Juliana Loveday, _J_.

Juliet (_v._ Jowett), 74. Julita uxor Widonis, _C C_.

June (_v._ Jeune), 432. Stephen le Juvene, _A_. William le June, _R_.

Junior, 429. John le Junior, _F F_. Egidius Junior, _C_.

Jurdan (_v._ Jordan), 86. Roger fil. Jurdan, _A_. Thomas Jurdan, _F F_.

Jury (_v._ Jewry), 166.

Juster, 305. Thomas le Justere, _T_. Robert le Justure, _F_. William Jouster, _Z_.

Justice, 179. William le Justice, _A_. Robert le Justise, _E_.

Kaiser (_v._ Cayser), 174. Katherine, 11. Katerina le Bakere, _T_. Avelina fil. Katerine, _T_.

Kay, 123. John Kay, _W_ 9. Jordan Kay, _A_.

Kean, 467. Hugh le Kene, _A_. Joan le Kene, _F F_.

Keat, 466. Mary Kete, _Z_. Roger Kete, _Z_.

Keeling, 497. Josiah Keeling, _H H_. Henricus Keylynge, _W_ 19.

Keen (_v._ Kean), 467.

Keeper, 232. William Kepere, _A_. John Keeper, _Z_.

Keepguest, 501. William Kepegest, _A_.

Keller, 336. Alicia la Keller, _F_. Robert le Kallere, _R_. Alias le Keller, _R_.

Kempe, 224. Roger Kemp, _M_. Nicholas Kemp, _M_.

Kemper, 320.

Kempson, 65.

Kempster, Kemster, 320. Johanna la Kempster, _X_.

Kendal, 169. Roger de Kendale, _M_. Hugh de Kendale, _R_.

Kenn, 492. Eborard le Ken, _A_. Thomas le Chene, _A_. Geoffrey le Ken, _B_.

Kent, 147. Adam de Kent, _M_. William de Kent, _J_.

Kentish, 147. Alan le Kanteis, _A_. William le Kenteys, _E_. Robert le Kenteys, _A_.

Kenworthy, 134.

Kerr. William de le Ker, _A_. John del Ker, _H_.

Kersall (_v._ Kershaw), 117.

Kershaw, 117. Gilbert Kyrshawe, _Z Z_. Henry Kyrshawe, _Z Z_.

Kesar, 173. Robert le Keser, _R_. Lambert Keser, _R_.

Ketmonger, 483. Adam Ketmongere, _A_.

Kett, 466. Walter le Ket, _G_. Osbert le Ket, _J_.

Kettle (_v._ Chettle), 24. Emma fil. Ketel, _A_. Robert fil. Ketell, _J_. Ketle le Mercer, _A_.

Kew (_v._ Cow). Agnes le Keu, _M_. John le Keu, _A_.

Keyser (_v._ Keser), 173. Richard Keyser, _F F_.

Kidd, 491. Reginald Kyd, _A_. John Kidd, _F F_.

Kidder, 294. William le Kydere, _B_. Richard Kydder, _Z_.

Kidman, 271. Alan Kydeman, _A_. John Kideman, _F F_.

Killbull, 375. Reginald Cullebol, _A_.

Killbullock, 375. Henry Cullebulloc, _A_.

Killhare, 375. William Cullehare, _A_.

Killhog, 375. William Cullehog, _A_.

Kind, 464. Adam Kind, _Z_. Andrew Kynd, _F F_.

King, 174. Hamond le King, _A_. Robert le Kynge, _C_. Saher le King, _H_. 176 _n_.

Kingsman, 176 _n_. Richard Kyngesman, _A_. Ralph Kyngesman, _M_.

Kingson, 176 _n_. Reginald Kyngessone, _A_. Simon Kyngeson, _M_.

Kinley, 119.

Kinsman, 429. John Kynnesman, _Z Z_. Leonard Kinsman, _Z_.

Kirk, 113. Joan atte Kirke, _B_. Robert atte Kirke, _J_.

Kirker, 113.

Kirkman, 113. Roger le Kyrkeman, _A_. Thomas Kirkeman, _W_ 2.

Kisser, 223. Richard le Kissere, _X_.

Kitchen, 136, 206. Henry atte Kychene, _M_. Richard del Kechin, _H_.

Kitchener, 206. Thomas Kitchynner, _W_ 11.

Kitchenman, 206. Alice Kitchinman, _W_ 2. Robert Kytchinman, _Z Z_. Christopher Kychman, _W_ 9.

Kitchingham, 206. Thomas Kitchingham, _W_ 16.

Kite, 493. Agnes Kite, _F F_. John Kyte, _F F_.

Kitewild, 484. Jordan Kitewilde, _A_.

Kitson, 57. John Kitson, _W_ 9. Mary Kitson, _Z_.

Kitts, 57. Nicholas Kitte, _A_. William Kitte, _A_.

Knabwell, 127. Robert de Cnapwell, _A_. John de Cnabwelle, _A_.

Knapman, 127. James Knapman, _Z_. William Knapman, _Z Z_.

Knapp, 127. John Knappe, _A_. Capella de la Cnappe, _DD_.

Knapper, 127. William Knappere, _G_.

Knapton, 127. Thomas de Cnapeton, _A_. William Knapton, _W_ 16.

Knave, 255. Simon Knave (Lower, i. 242.) Walter le Knave, _F_.

Kneebone, 437. John Knebone, _Z_. Antony Knebone, _Z_.

Knifesmith, 282, 214. Henry Knyfesmythe, _F_.

Knight, 198. Reginald le Knicht, _A_. Juliana le Knit, _A_. Emmot Kneyt, _A_. Simon le Knyt, _A_.

Knope (_v._ Knapp), 127.

Knopp (_v._ Knapp), 127.

Knott, 451. Isolda Knotte, _A_. William Knotte, _J_.

Knowler, 122.

Knowlman, 122.

Knowles, 122. Roger de la Cnolle, _A_. John atte Knolle, _B_.

Korah, 101.

Laborer. Isabel Laberer, _Z Z_. Robert Laborer, _Z Z_.

Labouchere (_v._ Butcher), 374.

Lacer, 348. Henry le Lacer, _H_. Richard le Lacer, _X_.

Lache, 479. John le Lache, _A_. William Lache, _A_.

Lacklove, 474. Simon Lacklove, _A_.

Lacter, 272. John le Lacter, _M_.

Lake. William atte Lake, _A_. Walter de la Lake, _A_.

Lallimand, 165.

Lamb, 491. William le Lamb, _A_. Richard le Lomb, _A_.

Lambden, Lamden, 118. William Lambdene, _A_.

Lambert, 57. Lambert fil. Thome, _C_. Robert Lamberd, _H_.

Lambgroom, 445. John Lambegrom, _A_.

Lambkin (_v._ Lampkin), 57. Lambekin Taborer, _P_.

Lambshead, 435. Agnes Lambesheved, _A_.

Lament, 103. Lament Willard, 103.

Lameman, 440. William Laymeman, _v._ p. 440. Christiana Lameman, _W_ 11. Alex. Lameman, _W_ 11.

Lamentation, 103. Lamentation Chapman, _Z_.

Lammas, 62. Richard Lammasse, _A_. Thomas Lammas, _F F_.

Lampkin, 57. Lambekyn fil. Eli, _C_. Lamkyn Lokyr, _O_.

Lamprey, 497. William Lampreye, _A_.

Lampson, 57. William Lampson, _Z Z_. Edward Lamson, _F F_. Antony Lambeson, 57 _n_.

Lance, 459. Mabil Lance, _A_. Johanna Lance, _A_.

Land, 122. Richard de la Lande, _B_. William atte Land, _M_.

Landells, 168.

Lander, 122, 362. William Landre, _A_.

Landman, 122. Richard le Landman, _M_.

Lane, 108, 115. Cecilia-in-the-Lane, _A_. Alexander atte Lane, _B_.

Lane-end, 144. Margaret atte Lane-ende, _H_. Alice atte Lane-ende, _X_.

Laner, 319. Bartholomew le Laner, _A_. John le Laner, _T_.

Lang, 436. Hamo le Lang, _M_. John le Lange, _L_.

Langbane, 436. Henry Langbane, _W_ 11.

Langhorn, 461. Benjamin Langhorne, _W_ 11.

Langley, 150. John de Langeleye, _M_.

Langley, 150. Thomas de Langeleghe, _E_.

Langshaw, 117. Henry Langshawe, _X X_ 1. Robert Langschawe, _W_ 11.

Langskinner, 505. Henry Langeskynnere, _M_.

Langstaff, 409. Agnes Langstaff, _G_. Langstaf, _DD_.

Langworthy, 134. John Langworth, _Z_. Christopher Langworthie, _Z_.

Lanyer, 319. William Lannator, _A_. Toke Lanarius, _A_.

Lapwater. Henry Lapewater, _X_.

Lardiner, Lardner, 270. Philip le Lardiner, _B_. Thomas le Lardiner, _M_. Hugh le Lardiner, _L_.

Large, 431. William le Large, _A_. Robert le Large, _M_. William le Large, _E_.

Lark, 494. Richard le Laverock, _A_. Hamo Larke, _A_.

Larkins, Larrett, Larson, (_v._ Lawson), 56. William Lareson, _P P_. Andrew Larrett, _P P_.

Lascelles, 151. Alan de Lascelle, _A_. Robert de Laceles, _E_.

Lashe (_v._ Lache), 479.

Laskie, 479.

Last, 144.

Latimer, 197. William le Latiner, _G_. Alan le Latymer, _J_. Warin le Latimer, _B_. Nicholas le Latimer, _M_.

Latner, Latoner, 284, 392. Richard le Latonere, _V_ 9. Thomas le Latoner, _M_. Richard Latoner, _F F_.

Laugh-well. Henry Laughwell, _Z_.

Laund, 122. Robert de la Laund, _A_. Nicholas atte Launde, _F F_.

Launder, 362. John Launder, _Z_. Jeffery Lawnder, _F F_.

Laura. Laureta Picot, _M M_. Loreta del Platt, _A A_ 4.

Laurence, 18. John fil. Laurence, _M_. Ester Laurence, _F F_.

Lavender, 362. Alice la Lavander, _A_.

Lavender, 362. Robert le Lavender, _A_. Isabel la Lavendre, _E_.

Laverick (_v._ Lark), 494. Cuthbert Lavericke, _W_ 20.

Lawe, 127. David atte Lawe, _M_. Thurston Lawe, _Z_.

Lawman, 127. Raulf Laurence, _A_. William Lawrence, _V_ 8.

Lawpage, 506. Agnes Lawpage, _W_ 2. Richard Lawpege, _Z_. Christopher Lawpage, _F F_.

Lawrence (_v._ Laurence), 17, 56. Piers Lawrence, _Z_.

Lawson (_v._ Lawrence). John fil. Lawrence, _A_. Thomas fil. Launce, _A_. Thomas Lauson, _F_. Edward Lason, _V_ 7.

Laycock, 15. Josiah Laycocke, _W_ 16. Peter Laycocke, _W_ 16.

Laye, 119. Emma de Lay, _A_. Bernard de Lay, _A_.

Layman, 119. Elias Layman, _A_.

Lazarus, 431.

Lea, 119. William de la Lea, _A_. Ralph de la Leye, _A_.

Leach, 384. Hugh le Leche, _A_. Robert le Leche, _M_. John le Leche, _X_.

Leachman, 384.

Leadbeater, Leadbetter, Leadbitter, 284. Gonnilda le Ledbetere, _A_. Reginald le Ledbeter, _M_. Thomas Leadbeater, _Z Z_.

Leader, 410. Oliver Leader, _Z_. John Leder, _Z Z_.

Leaf, 473. Alice le Lef, _A_. Matilda le Lef, _A_.

Leal, 464.

Lean, 431. Roland le Lene, _A_. Richard Lene, _H_.

Leaper, 395.

Leapman, 395.

Least, 432. Richard le Lest, _J_.

Leave-to-day, 501. John Leve-to-day, _A_.

Leatherhose, Ledderhose, 457. John Letherhose, _A_. Richard Letherhose, _R_.

Lee, 119. Roger de la Lee, _B_. John atte Lee, _M_.

Leech (_v._ Leach), 384. Sibil le Leche, _F F_.

Leeder (_v._ Leader), 410. John Leeder, _F F_.

Lees, 119. Roger de Lees, _A_. William de Leghes, _J_. Avelina de Leys, _J_.

Legate. Geoffrey le Legat, _A_. Nicholas Legat, _M_.

Legge, 437, 168. John de Leg, _A_. Philip de Leg, _J_.

Legh, 119. Pagan a la Legh, _A_. Adam de la Legh, _J_.

Leghman, 119. Henry Legeman, _A_.

Leigh, 119. William de la Leigh, _M_. William de Leigh, _F F_.

Leighman. Henry Legeman, _A_.

Leman, Lemman, Lemon, 477. Eldred Leman, _A_. John Leman, _M_. Thomas Lemon, _V_ 5.

Lenebaud (_v._ Baud), Thomas Lenebaud, _A_. William Lenebaud, _E_.

Lenedame, 433. Matilda Lenedame, _A_.

Leopard, 488. John Lepard, _H_.

Leper, Lepper, 193, 431. Nicholas le Lepere, _M_. Walter le Lepere, _A_. Geoffrey le Lepere, _A_.

Lessoner, 198. Nicholas le Lessoner, _A_.

Letitia (_v._ Lettice), 19, 71. Leticia Palmere, _A_.

Letson, 71. John fil. Lettice, _A_. John Lettesone, _M_.

Lettice, 71. Warin Letice, _A_. Letice de Uggele, _X_. Lettice Leicester, _Z_. John Lettice, _P P_.

Letts (_v._ Letson), 71.

Lewd, 481. Robert le Lewed, _M_. William le Lewed, _M_.

Lewis, Lewison, Lewson, John Lewis, _V_ 11. Lewes Robson, _W_ 16. James Lewsone, _V_ 11. James Lusone, _V_ 11. John Lewson, _V_ 10.

Liar, 480. Henry le Liere, _A_.

Liberty (_v._ Leadbeater), 284.

Lickpeny, 483.

Lidbitter (_v._ Leadbeater), 284.

Lidgate, 130. Thomas de Lidgate, _M_. Walter atte Lideyate, _H_.

Light, 431. Thomas le Leht, _A_. William le Light, _M_.

Lightfoot, 439. Robert Lightfot, _M_. Thomas Lightfot, _G_.

Lightharness, 501. John Lightharness, _W_ 13. Thomas Lightharness, _W_ 13.

Light-red, 448. Ralph Light-red, _M_.

Light-white, 448. John Lite-whyte, _M_.

Likelove, 474.

Lilter, 440. Roger le Liltere, _A_.

Lilywhite, 442. Elizabeth Lilywhite, _W_ 11.

Limebear, Limebeer, 250.

Limer, 250. John le Limer, _A_.

Limethwaite, 121.

Limewright, 277, 250. Hugh le Limwryte, _A_.

Limmer, 406.

Limner, 406. Ralph Illuminator, _A_. Thomas Liminer, _A_. Godfrey le Lomynour, _T_. William le Lomner, _E_.

Lina, 72. Lyna le Archer, _A_. Lena Aylmen, _R R_ 1.

Lind, 128. Henry de la Lynde, _B_. Robert ate Lynde, _M_.

Lindley, 119, 128.

Lindraper, 328. Wymund le Lyngedraper, _A_. William le Lyndraper, _G_. Elias le Lyndraper, _M_.

Lindsey, 169.

Liner, 328. Gilbert le Lyner, _A_. Michael le Linere, _A_.

Linger, 208. Robert le Lingure, _A_.

Linnet, Linota, 72. Linota ate Feld, _A_. Linota Vidua, _A_.

Lion, 488. Richard Lion, _V_ 2.

Lipscombe, 125.

Lister, 322. Nicholas le Lystere, _G_. Andrew le Litster, _M_. Hugh le Litster, _R_.

Little, 431. William le Letle, _A_. Robert le Litele, _M_.

Littlebond. William Lutebonde, _A_.

Littleboy. John Littleboye, _Z_. George Littleboy, _C C_ 3.

Littlecope. John Littlecope, _A_.

Littlehair, 453. John Lytlehare, _F F_. Simon Lytehare, _M_.

Littlejohn, 46, 503. Richard fil. Parvi-Johannis, _A_.

Littleking, 176 _n_., 505. William Litelking, _A_.

Littlepage, 215, 506.

Littleproud, 462. John Littleproud, _F F_. Reginald Littleprowe, _F F_.

Littler, 432. Ranulph Lyttylore, _X X_ 1. Richard Lytteler, _Z_.

Littlesire, 506. Hugh Litilsir, W _8_.

Littleskill. Thomas Litilskill, _P_.

Littleson, 506. Ralph Littulsone, _R_.

Littleswain, 505. Philip Litsweyn, _A_.

Liverpool, 147. Richard de Lyverpole, _M_.

Livewell, 104. Live-well Sherwood, 104 _n_.

Locke, 450. Nicol Locke, _A_.

Locker (_v._ Lockyer), 282.

Lockman, 282. John Lockman, _H H_.

Locksmith, 282. John Locksmith, _W_ 2. Robert Locsmyth, _A_. William Loksmyth, _M_.

Lockyer, 282. Henry le Lokier, _A_. John Lokare, _A_.

Locock, 95.

Loder, 410. Emma le Lodere, _A_. Agnes le Lodere, _A_.

Lofthouse, Loftus, 369. William Lofthouse, _W_ 16. John Loftous, _W_ 16.

Lombard, 162. Richard Lomberd, _A_. Jacob le Lumberd, _E_.

London, 148. Robert de London, _A_.

London, 148. Walter de London, _M_. Thomas de London, _J_.

Londonish, 148. William Londonissh, _M_. Ralph le Lundreys, _T_. Richard Londoneys, _A_.

Long, 431. Hamo le Long, _A_. Walter le Long, _C_. Gilbert le Longe, _M_.

Longacre, 134. Roger le Langacre, _M_.

Longespe, 459. Isolda Longespe, _A_. Thomas Longespe, _M_. Emelina Longespee, _J_.

Longfellow, 506. Peter Langfellay, _W_ 11. Elizabeth Longfellow, _W_ 16.

Longman, 433. Thomas Longman, _O_. William Longman, _F F_.

Longness, 125.

Longshank, 438.

Longshaw (_v._ Langshaw).

Longstaff, 462. William Longstaf, _A_. William Longstaff, _F F_.

Longwright, 505. John Longus-faber, _M_.

Looker, 282.

Lord, 175. Walter le Loverd, _A_. John le Lorde, _B_. Robert le Lord, _C_.

Lordan, 478.

Lorayne (_v._ Lorraine), 159.

Lorel, 478.

Lorimer, 144, 289. Alan le Lorymer, _T_. Nicholas le Lorimer, _C_. Thomas le Lorimer, _M_.

Loring, 159. Peter de Loring, _A_. John le Loreng, _A_. Dux Lotharing, _R_.

Lorn. Imbert le Lorn, _E_.

Lorraine (_v._ Loring), 159.

Lorrimer (_v._ Lorimer), 144, 289.

Losewit, 470. Henry Losewyt, _L_.

Louse, 498. Nicholas le Lus, _J_.

Love, 473, 488. Robert le Love, _A_. Mabil Love, _J_.

Lovechild. John Lovechild, _A_.

Lovecock, 473. Roger Lovecock, _B_. Philip Lovecok, _D_.

Loveday, 63. Alexander Loveday, _A_. Ralph Loveday, _M_.

Lovegold, 482. John Lovegold, _F F_.

Lovejoy, 500. Thomas Lovejoy, _Z_.

Lovekin (1), 473. Lovekyn Piscator, _A_. Lovekyn Stukepenne, _A_. (2), 473. John Lovekyn, _D_. Richard Lovekyn, _M_.

Lovelance, 462. Simon Lovelaunce, _T_.

Lovelock, 386, 449. Thomas Lovelok, _A_.

Loveloker, 385. Walter le Loveloker, _A_.

Loving, 103. Loving Bell, _Q Q_.

Lowe (1), 431. Brian le Lo, _A_. Robert le Low, _M_. (2), 127. Hugh de Lowe, _A_. Robert atte Lowe, _M_.

Lowman. Parthenia Lowman (Maitland’s ‘London,’ ii. p. 605).

Lowndes, 122. John de la Lound, _R_. Beatrice atte Lound, _F F_.

Lubbard, Lubber, (_v._ Lombard), 162.

Lubbock, 168. Robert de Lubyck, _A_. Hildebrand de Lubek, _J_.

Lucas (_v._ Luke). Lucas Barcator, _A_. Thomas fil. Lukas, _W_ 15.

Lucca. Luke of Lucca, _O_.

Lucke, 162. John de Luke, _M_.

Luckett, 95. Matilda Luket, _W_ 11. Walter Luket, _W_ 11.

Luckins, 95. Jane Luckin, _F F_. Robert Lukyn, _Z_.

Luckock, Lucock, 95. Richard Luccock, _Z_.

Lucy (1), 19. Richard fil. Lucia, _J_. William fil. Luciæ, _T_. (2), 151. Geoffrey de Lucy, _G_. Robert de Lucy, _G_.

Luke, 95. Luke Morel, _M_. Walter Luke, _H_.

Lukett (_v._ Luckett), 95.

Lukie, 162.

Lumbard, 162. Michael le Lumbard, _H_. Jacobina la Lumbard, _X_.

Lumner (_v._ Limner), 406. Edmund Lumner, _Z Z_. Henry Lominour, _F F_. Thomas Lumpner, _W_ 11.

Lund, 122. Richard de la Lund, _A_. William de la Lund, _K_.

Lupe, 488. Robert le Lupe, _B_. Robert le Lup, _L_.

Lurdan, 478.

Lusk, 479.

Lusty, 431.

Luter, 310. German le Lutrere, _T_. John le Leuter, _R_. Haunce the Luter (Privy expenses Princess Mary).

Lyard, 445. Henry Lyard, _A_. William Liard, _M_. Walter Lyhert, _H_.

Lyndholt, 128. Robert de Lindholt, _A_.

Lyndhurst, 116. Henry de Lindhurst, _E_. Henry de Lindeherst, _K_.

Lyndsay, 133. Robert de Lindesay, _A_. William de Lindesia, _E_.

Lyon (_v._ Lion), 488.

Lyons, 170. Herveus de Lyons, _C_. Richard de Lyouns, _M_.

Lyte, 433. William le Lyt, _M_. Gonnilda le Lyth, _A_.

Lyteman, 433. Richard Liteman, _A_. John Lytman, _Z_.

Mabbott, 71. George Mabbott, _P P_. William Mabbott, _P P_.

Mabbs (_v._ Mabson). Giles Mabbes, _F F_. Mary Mabbs, _F F_.

Mabil (_v._ Amabilia). Amabilia de Tynedale, _S S_. Richard Mable, _M_.

Mabson (_v._ Mabil). Thomas Mabson, _S S_. Richard Mabson, _W_ 15. Michael Mabson, _W_ 11.

Macer, 387. John le Macher, _A_.

Mackarel, 497. Richard Makarel, _A_. Ralph Makerell, _H_.

Macklehose, 457.

Mad, 442. Jordan le Madde, _R_.

Maddelyn, 67. Thomas le Maddelyn, _A_.

Maderer, 323. Laurence Maderer, _H_. Thomas Maderer, _X X_ 1.

Maderman, 323. John Maderman, _M_.

Madison (_v._ Mawson). Thomas Mawdeson, _F F_. John Madison, _V_ 3. Ralph Maddison, _W_ 16.

Madswain, 505. Alan Madsweyn, _A_.

Magdalen (_v._ Maddelyn), 67. Magdalen Garison, _W_ 16.

Maggot, 76. Magota del Hill, _W_ 2. Magot Catell, _W_ 2. Maggot Fin, _A_. Richard Maggote, _A_.

Maggs, 76. Magge Flie, _A_. Henry fil. Mag, _A_. Robert Magges, _M_.

Magotson (_v._ Magot), 76.

Main, Maine, 158, 437.

Mainstrong, 437. Thomas Mainstrong, _A_.

Mainwaring (_v._ Mannering), 32, 339.

Mair, Maire, (_v._ Mire), 184.

Major. William le Magere, _A_.

Makeblisse, 463. Julian Makeblisse, _A_.

Makeblithe (_v._ Makebliss). John Makeblythe, _W_ 11.

Makefere, 475. Hugh Makefere, _A_. William Makefair, _N_.

Make-joy, 463. Maud Makejoy.

Makepeace, 463. Joan Makepeace, John Makepeace, _P P_. Richard Makepeace, _W_ 20.

Makin, 78. Henry Maykin, _A_. Maykina Parmunter, _H_. Makinus Happyng, _X X_ 1.

Makinson, 78. John Makinson, _Z_. William Makinson, _F F_.

Malebraunch, 437. Roger Malebraunche, _A_. Matilda Malebraunch, _B_.

Malemaker. Henry Malemaker, _R R_ 2.

Malemeyne, 437. Nicholas Malemayne, _B_. John Malemeyne, _R_.

Malenfant, 507. Robert Malenfant, _T_. John Malefaunt, _Z Z_.

Malkin, 77. John Malekyn, _O_. William Malkyn, _M_.

Mallard, 494.

Malpas, 440.

Malregard, 434. William Malregard, _T_. Geoffrey Malreward, _J_.

Malster, 379. John Malster, _B_. Aleyn le Maltestere, _H_.

Malter, 379.

Malthus, 131. Beatrix Malthus, _W_ 16. Simon Malthus, _W_ 16.

Maltmaker, 379. Hugh le Maltmakere, _A_.

Man, 506. Henry le Man, _A_. Richard le Man, _E_.

Manchester, 147. Guido de Mancestre, _M_. William de Mauncestre, _A_.

Manciple, 210. Thomas Mancipill, 210 _n_.

Manclerk (_v._ Mauclerk), 505.

Mander (_v._ Maunder), 396.

Mangevileyn, 507. Robert Mangevileyn, _W_ 10.

Manikin, 433. Robert Manekin, _A_. Manekyn le Heaumer, _H_.

Mann (_v._ Man), 506.

Mannering, 32. Robert de Meynwaring, _A_. Warin de Menwarin, _B_.

Mansel, 210 _n_. Sampson le Maunsel, _A_. John le Maunsel, _M_. Robert le Mansel, _J_.

Mantel, 457. Robert Mantel, _C_. Walter Mantel, _L_.

Manyword. John Maniword, _M_. Reginald Maniword, _R_.

Mapleson, 71.

Marbiler, Marbrer, 249. Geffrey le Merberer, _B_. John le Merbrer, _X_. Walter la Marbiler, _X_.

Marcer (_v._ Mercer), 356.

Marchant, 407. Henry le Marcant, _A_. Robert le Marchaunt, _M_. William le Marchant, _B_.

Marcock, 95.

Marcus, 95.

Margaret, 75. Margaret fil. Olivæ, _T_. Margaret le Grey, _J_.

Margerison, 76. Henry fil. Margaret, _A_. Richard fil. Margaret, _J_.

Margery, 76. John Margerie, _A_. Margerie le Bercher, _T_. Majoria Comyn, _W_ 2.

Margetson (_v._ Margerison), 76. Francis Margetson, _F F_. Thomas Margetson, _F F_. Joyce Margetson, _P P_.

Margetts, 75. Margota Servant, _W_ 2. Robert Margets, _Z_.

Margison, 76. Richard fil. Marge, _A_. John fil. Marge, _A_.

Maria, 76. William fil. Marie, _A_. Maria le Chaucer, _J_. Ediva fil. Mariæ, _T_.

Mariot (_v._ Marriot), 16, 76.

Mark, 95.

Markettman, 298. William Markettman, _v._ p. 298 _n_. Nicholas Marketman, _T T_. Clement Marketman, _T T_.

Markin, 95.

Marks, 95.

Marler, 259. Alice le Marlere, _A_. John Marlere, _B_.

Marlward, 259. John Marleward, _A_.

Marner, Marriner, 408. Henry le Mariner, _H_. Roger le Mariner, _A_.

Marriott, 16, 77. Mariota in le Lane, _A_. Walter fil. Mariot, _A_. Adam fil. Mariot, _A_. John fil. Mariotæ, _T_.

Marshall, 212, 290. Gunnilda le Marescal, _A_. William le Marchal, _B_. John le Mareshall, _B_. Henry le Marshall, _B_.

Marson, 95.

Marten, 489.

Martin (1), 18. Martin le Freman, _A_. Richard fil. Martin, _A_. (2), 489. Mathew le Martun, _E_.

Martyr, 443. John le Martre, _G_. William le Martre, _J_.

Maryatt (_v._ Marriott), 77. John Maryott, _F_. Nichol Maryot, _A_.

Mashmaker, 379. John Mashemaker, 379 _n_.

Maslin, 387.

Mason (1), Roger fil. Maye, _A_. (2), 249. Osbert le Machun, _A_. Gotte le Mazoun, _A_. Adam le Mazon, _M_.

Massacrer, 375. Laurence le Macecrer, _E_.

Masser (_v._ Mazerer), 387.

Massinger (_v._ Messager), 217.

Master, 506. Thomas le Maistre, _M_. Alan le Mayster, _A_. John le Mayster, _B_.

Masterman. Richard Masterman, _H_. Thomas Mastermen, _Q_. Syth Maisterman, _W_ 16.

Masterson, 65. Roger le Maistressone, _G_. Dorothy Masterson, _Z_. Robert Maystreson, _X X_ 4.

Mathew, 91. Oliver Matheu, _M_. Mathew le Vineter, _L_.

Mathewman, 506. John Mathewman, _W_ 16. Richard Mathewman, _W_ 16.

Mathews, 91. Edward Mathewes, _Z_. Mark Mathews, _W_ 16.

Mathewson, 91. William fil. Mathew, _A_. Richard fil. Mathæi, _C_. Alex. Mathewson, _X X_ 1.

Matilda, 19, 44, 78. Juetta fil. Matilda, _A_. Sabina fil. Matilda, _T_.

Matkin, 91. Richard Matkyn, _Z Z_. Jermayne Matkyn, _Z Z_.

Matthew (_v._ Mathew), 91.

Mattinson, Mattison, Matson, 91. Richard Mattyson, _Z_. Launcelott Matterson, _W_ 16. Marmaduke Matteson, _W_ 16. Anne Mattson, _W_ 16.

Matt, Matts, 91. Andrew Matts, _F F_. Adam Matt, _A_.

Mattwife, 52. Avice Mattewife, _P_.

Mauclerk, 505. Walter Malclerk, _P P_. Godfrey Mauclerk, _P P_.

Maud, 78. Maud de Holland, _H_. John Maude, _M_.

Maudlin, Maudling, 67. Maudlin Hoby, _V_ 2. Maudelyn David, _Z_. Robert Maudelyn, _O_.

Maugason (_v._ Mauger). Hugh Maugason, _H_. William Maugesson, _F F_.

Mauger. Malger le Clerke, _A_. Thomas fil. Mauger, _A_. Mauger fil. Elie, _M_.

Maunder, 396. John Mawndour, _W_ 9.

Maunsel (_v._ Mansel), 210 _n_.

Maurice, 19. Serl fil. Morice, _A_. Mauricius Capellanus, _C_.

Mawkin (_v._ Mawson). Auriana Mawkin, _Q Q_.

Mawson, 77. Simon fil. Matilda, _J_. William Mawson, _Z_. Thomas Mawdeson, _F F_. Richard son of Mawe, _A A_ 2.

May. Bateman le May, _A_. Robert le Mey, _G_. Ralph le May, _M_.

Maycock (_v._ Matthew), 91. Hugh Maykoc, _A_.

Mayer, 184. James Mayer, _Z_.

Mayhew (_v._ Mathew). Adam fil. Maheu, _A_. Mayeu de Basingbourne, _M_.

Maykin (_v._ Makin), 78, 91. Henry Maykin, _A_.

Mayne, 158.

Mayor (_v._ Mayer), 184.

Mazeliner, 387. John le Mazelyner, _M_. William le Mazeliner, _R_.

Mazerer, 387. Adam le Mazerer, _A_. John le Mazerere, _N_. William le Mazerer, _X_.

Mead, 132. Robert atte Mede, _M_. Richard ate Med, _A_.

Meadow, 132. John Atte-medowe, _F F_. William Atte-medow, _F F_.

Meadowcroft, 132. Nicholas de Meducroft, _R_.

Meagre (_v._ Megre), 431.

Meagresauce. Peter Meagresause, _R_.

Mealmonger (_v._ Oatmonger), 275. John le Melmongere, _M_.

Meakin, 78. Robert Meykin, _C_. John Meakin, _Z_.

Measel, Measle, 194. Richard le Masle, _L_. Richard le Masele, _T_.

Meatyard, 461.

Medde, 132. Ralph ate Med, _A_. Philip atte Medde, _M_.

Meddler, 465. Nicholas le Medler, _A_.

Medlicote, Medlicott, 458. Thomas Modlycott, _Z_.

Medward, 132. William le Medward, _A_.

Meek, 464. Robert le Meke, _B_. Robert le Meeke, _Q_.

Meekin (_v._ Meakin), 78.

Meggs, 76. John fil. Megge, _A_. Henry Megges, _Z_.

Megre, 431. John le Meaugre, _O_. Hugh le Megre, _M_. Basilia le Megre, _T_.

Megson, 76. Adam Meggessone, _M_. Roger Megson, _W_ 9. John fil. Megge, _A_.

Megucer, 331. John le Megucer, _N_. Richard le Megucer, _N_.

Meir, 185. David le Meir, _A_. Henry le Mere, _M_.

Melchior, 100. Melchior Rainald, _T T_.

Melchizedek, 100. Melchezedek Payn, _Z_.

Mellon-Colley, 509.

Mendfault. Walter Mendfaute, _W_ 11.

Mercer, 356. Ketel le Mercer, _A_. Henry le Mercer, _B_.

Merchant (_v._ Marchant), 407.

Mercy, 106. Mercy Bagley, _W_ 16.

Meredeth, 473.

Merriman, 472. William Merryman, _F_. John Meryman, _X_. Gerard Merriman, _W_ 16.

Merry, 463, 472. William Merrye, _Z_. Roger Merrey, _Z_.

Merrycock, 472. Richard Merricocke, _F_.

Merrymouth, 434. John Merrymouth, _V_. Richard Merymouth, _X_.

Merryweather, 472. Andrew Muriweder, _A_. Henry Muriweder, _O_.

Messager, 217. Roger le Messager, _B_. John le Messager, _C_.

Messinger (_v._ Messager), 217. Robert Messinger, _W_ 11. Eliz. Messinger, _W_ 16.

Meteyard, 408.

Meynell, 154. Hugh de Meynill, _T_. Robert de Meynnill, _A_.

Meyre (_v._ Meir), 184.

Michael, 99. Gilbert Michel, _A_. Michael le Jovene, _M_.

Michaelmas (_v._ Middlemas), 62

Michaelson, 99. Roger fil. Michael, _A_. Harvey fil. Michael, _A_.

Micklejohn, 46, 503.

Micklethwaite, 121.

Middlemas, 62. Shorman Myglemas, _A_.

Midwinter, 62. Gonnilda Midewynter, _A_. John Midwinter, _H_.

Milchom, 101 _n_. Melcom Groate, _T T_.

Mildew, 501. Richard Myldew, 501 _n_.

Milend, 114. Simon de la Milende, _E_.

Miles, 41. Milo le Messer, _A_. Milo Basset, _R_. Wychard Miles, _A_.

Mileson, 41. Alicia fil. Milo, _A_. Richard Mileson, _v._ p. 41.

Milicent. Joan fil. Milicente, _A_. Millesent Cruche, _A_.

Milker, 272. Thomas le Milkar, _A_. William le Milkar, _T_.

Milksop, 181. William Milksop, _M_. William Milkesop, _J_. Hugh Milkesop, _R R_ 1.

Millard (_v._ Milward), 274.

Miller (_v._ Milner), 274. John le Mellere, _M_.

Millerson, 65. Gilbert Millerson, _W_ 3.

Millet, Millot, 41. Richard fil. Milot, _M M_. Roger Millot, _A_. Thomas Mylett, _W_ 9.

Millikin. Agnes Myllykin, 55.

Mills (_v._ Milnes), 274. John del Mill, _M_. Roger atte Mille, _A_.

Millson, 41. John fil. Mille, _A_. Edward Myleson, _Z Z_. Anne Millison, _W_ 16.

Milman, 274.

Millward, 274. Walter le Meleward, _N_. Robert le Milleward, _A_. William le Milward, _G_.

Milmaster, 275 _n_. Andrew Milmaster, 275 _n_.

Milner, 274. Alan le Milner, _G_. William le Melner, _M_. Emmot Mylner, _W_ 9.

Milnes, 274. John atte Melne, _A_. Thomas atte Milne, _B_.

Minsmith, 282, 404. John le Mynsmuth, _M_.

Minter, 404. Henry le Munetar, _A_. Ralph le Myneter, _N_.

Mirabilla, 19. Mirabella Wal, _W_ 2. Belina fil. Mirabilis, _DD_. Lucia Mirable, _A_.

Mire (_v._ Meir), 184. John le Mire, _J_. Agnes le Myre, _J_.

Miress, 184. Margaret la Miresse, _E_.

Mirorer. Crispiana le Mirorer, _A_. John le Mirorer, _H_. Richard le Mirourer, _X_.

Mitchell (_v._ Michael), 99.

Mitchelson, 99. Thomas Mychelson, _W_ 3. Seth Meculson, _Z Z_. John fil. Mich, _A_.

Mitchener, 367.

Mock-king. Nichol Mokkynge, _Y_.

Mohun, 151. John de Mohun, _H_.

Moigne, 191. William le Moigne, _B_. Ivo le Moyn, _A_.

Molehunte, 238. William Molehunte, _A_.

Mollison, 80. Hugh fil. Mary, _A_.

Monday, 63. Symon Moneday, _A_. Andrew Monday, _Z_.

Moneyer, 404. Haco le Muner, _A_. John le Muner, _B_. Gilbert le Muner, _G_.

Moneymaker, 404. John Monemaker, _W_ 2.

Moneyman, 404. Robert Moneyman, _F F_.

Moneypeny, 482. Richard Monypeny, _A_. Thomas Monipeni, _W_ 2. Alexander Moneypenny, _F F_.

Monier, 404. Henry le Moneur, _A_. John le Monnier, _N_. Hamo le Monner, _T_.

Monk, 191. William le Monek, _A_. Peter le Monek, _M_. John le Monck, _G_.

Monkman, 188. William Munkeman, _W_ 15.

Montaigne, 123. Peter de Monetania, _K_. Hamond de Monetania, _F F_.

Moody, 468. Richard Mody, _G_. John Mody, _W_ 9.

Moor, Moore, (1), 161. Robert le More, _E_. John le Moor, _R_. (2), 125. John atte Mor, _A_. Jordan de la Mor, _A_.

Moorslade, 121. William de la Morslade, _R_.

Moorward, 232. German le Morward, _A_. Henry le Morward, _B_.

Morcombe, 125.

More, 125. Adam del More, _M_. Oliva ate More, _A_.

Morefruit, 102.

Morell, 445. Thomas Morel, _A_. Ralph Morell, _J_.

Moretrial, 102.

Morley. Milo de Morlee, _A_. Robert de Morlegh, _M_.

Morris, Morrison, (_v._ Maurice). Morice ap-Owen, _X X_. Mauricius Capellanus, _C_. William Morrison, _W_ 16.

Mortimer, 151. Roger de Mortimer, _A_. Hugh de Mortumare, _A_.

Mountain (_v._ Montaigne), 123.

Mouse, 492. John le Mous, _M_. Richard Mowse, _Z_. Hugh le Mus, _E_.

Mower, 256.

Moyne (_v._ Moigne), 191.

Mucklebone. Henry Mucklebone, _A_.

Muckleman. Robert Muchulman, _A_.

Mule, 490. Roger le Mul, _J_.

Munday (_v._ Monday), 63. Edward Munday, _F F_.

Munk, 191. Beatrix le Munk, _A_. Peter le Munk, _F F_.

Munn, 191. Geoffrey le Moun, _A_. Thomas le Mun, _A_.

Muriel, 19. Muriel ad Fontem, _A_. Adam fil. Muriel, _T_.

Musard, 468. Malcolm le Musard, _M_.

Muskett, 493. Robert Musket, _A_. John Musket, _D_.

Mussele, 497. Nicholas le Musele, _J_.

Mustarder, 371. Richard le Mustarder, _A_. Robert le Mustarder, _H_. Thomas le Mustarder, _X_.

Mustardman, 371. Peter le Mustardman, _A_.

Mustardmaker, 371. Alicia Mustardmaker, _W_ 2.

Mute, 468. Alan le Mute, _A_.

Mutter, 441. John le Mutare, _A_.

Mutton, 490. Philip le Mutton, _B_. Robert Mount, _T_.

Nail, 112. John Nail, _Z_. Thomas Naile, _Z_.

Nailor (_v._ Naylor), 282. John Naler, _F_.

Nalder, 111. John Nelder, _H_. Alice Attenalre, _J_.

Nale (_v._ Nail), 112.

Nall, 111.

Napery, 215. Walter de la Naperye, _L_.

Napier, 215. John le Naper, _A_. Robert le Naper, _O_. John le Naper, _C_.

Naples, Lewis of Naples, _O_.

Napper, 215. Jordan le Nappere, _A_. Robert Napparius, _E_.

Nash, 111. Sarra Atteneshe, _B_. Pagan atte Nash, _B_. William atte Nasche, _M_.

Nasmyth, 282. James Nasmite, _W_ 9. John Naysmith, _W_ 13.

Natkin (Nathaniel). Robert Natkyn, _F F_.

Naylor, 282. John le Naylere, _R_. Stephen le Naylere, _X_.

Nazareth, 103. Nazareth Rudde, _Q Q_.

Neave (_v._ Neve), 430. Robert Neave, _Z_.

Neck, 435. Henry Nekke, _A_.

Needlemaker, 342. John Nedlemakyere, _M_.

Needler, 342. Reginald le Nedlere, _A_. Richard le Nedlere, _M_.

Needyman, 431. John le Nedyman, _B_.

Neele, 73. Neel le Bret, _E_. Thomas Fitz-neele, _M_.

Neilson (_v._ Nelson). William Neilson, _W_ 11.

Nell, 73. Nel Fawkes, _A_. John fil. Nel, _A_.

Nelmes, 111.

Nelson, 73. John fil. Nel, _A_. William Neleson, _H_. Thomas Nelson or Neilson, _W_ 11.

Nend, 115. John atte Nende, _B_. Christopher Nend, _W_ 11.

Nephew, 430. John Neveu, _A_. Richard le Nevu, _E_. Elias le Nevou, _DD_.

Ness (_v._ Nose), 125.

Nethercliffe, 124.

Neve, 430. Robert le Neve, _M_. Walter le Neve, _E_. Reyner le Neve, _A_.

Neville, 151. Orme de Neville, _R_. Walter de Nevill, _E_.

New, 145. Simon le Neue, _A_. Richard le Newe, _A_.

Newbond, 145, 254 _n_. Roger le Newbonde, _A_. Emma Newbonde, _A_.

Newcombe, 125.

Newcomen, 145. Gilbert le Neucomen, _A_. Robert le Neucomen, _T_.

Newlove, 474.

Newman, 145. Richard le Neuman, _A_. John le Neuman, _M_. Simon le Neweman, _E_.

Nicholas, 95. Nicholas le Chapeler, _T_. Nicholas le Hunte, _A_.

Nichol, Nicholls, Nicholson, 95. Henry fil. Nicholei, _M_. John Niccolson, _Z Z_. Nichol Crump, _V_ 9.

Nickerson, 95.

Nicks (_v._ Nix), 95.

Nickson (_v._ Nixon), 95.

Nigel (_v._ Neele), 73. Simon fil. Nigel, _A_. Nigel fil. John, _E_.

Nightingale, 494. Robert Nitingal, _A_. Thomas Nightegale, _R_.

Ninepence, 513. John Ninepennies, _W_ 9.

Nix (_v._ Nicholas), 95. Richard Nix, _F F_. Joan Nykkes, _F F_.

Nixon, 95. William fil. Nyck, _M_. Andrew Nyxson, _W_ 9.

Noakes (_v._ Nokes), 111.

Noble, 463. Amice le Noble, _A_. Hugh le Noble, _M_.

Noblepas, 440. William Noblepas, _M M_.

Noel (_v._ Nowell), 62. Richard Noel, _M_. William Noel, _B_. Noel de Aubianis, _A_.

Nokes (_v._ Oakes), 111. Richard Attenok, _B_. William atte Noke, _X_. Richard atte Noke, _P_.

Norchard (_v._ Orchard), 111. Robert atte Norcharde, _M_. Richard Atenorchard, _A_.

Norfolk, 147. Thomas de Northfolch, _M_. Robert de Northfolk, _A_.

Norman (1), 158. Ralph le Norman, _E_. Mathew le Norman, _A_. (2), 158. Norman de Arcy, _A_. Roger fil. Norman, _C_.

Norrice (_v._ Nurse), 150. William Norrice, _Z_.

Norris, 150, 162. Robert le Norys, _B_. William le Noreis, _E_. Walter le Noreis, _M_.

North, 150. William de Northe, _H_. Henry North, _M_.

Northend, 114. Peter de Northende, _A_. William Northend, _Z Z_.

Northern, 150. Geoffrey le Northern, _A_. Thomas le Northern, _M_. John Northeron, _H_.

Northman, 150. William Northman, _A_. Robert Northman, _A_.

Nose, 125. Roger atte Ness, _A_.

Notman (_v._ Nott), 451. John Notman, _W_ 11.

Nott, 451. Alice le Notte, _A_. Richard le Not, _M_. Henry le Not, _J_.

Noven, 111. Thomas atte-Novene, _B_.

Nowell (_v._ Noel), 62. Nowell Harper, _X X_ 1.

Noyes, 154.

Nunn, 191. Alice le Nonne, _A_. Margaret Nunne, _F F_.

Nurse, 506. Maria le Noreyse, _A_. Thomas Nurse, _B_. Alicia le Noryce, _B_.

Nutbrown, 445. William Nutbrowne, _Z_. William Notbrone, _W_ 11. George Nutbrowne, _v._ p. 445.

Nutmaker, 371. John Nutmaker, 371 _n_.

Nutman, 263. William Nuteman, _A_.

Nutt, 154.

Nuttard, 267. Richard le Netehird, _M_.

Nutter, 263. Christopher Nutter, _Z Z_.

Oake, 128. Thomas del Oke, _A_. Richard atte Oke, _B_.

Oakes, 128. Roger of the Okes, _M_. Philip del Okes, _A_.

Oakholt, 116. William de Okholte, _B_. William de Okolt, _A_.

Oakley, 119. Walter de Oclee, _A_. Simon de Akelegh, _E_.

Oakover, 128. Roger de Okovere, _M_. Alice de Okeovere, _J_.

Oakshot (_v._ Oakholt), 116.

Oakslade, 121. Michael de Ocslade, _A_.

Oastler (_v._ Ostler), 290.

Oatmonger (_v._ Mealmonger), 275. Denis le Otemonger, _X_.

Obedience, 103. Obedience Clerk, _Q Q_.

Oddiker, 134.

Odger. Alan fil. Oger, _E_. Roge fil. Oger, _E_. Oger fil. Oger, _G G_.

Offer, Offor, (_v._ Orfevre), 400. William le Orfeure, _R_. Richard Orfer, _F_.

Ogden, 118. William de Hogdene, _A_. John Ogden, _Z Z_.

Ointer (_v._ Hointer), 386, 263. Michael le Oynter, _X_.

Oker, 113. Thomas Oker, _B_. Henry Oker, _A_.

Old (_v._ Ould), 431.

Oldacre, 134.

Oldbeof, 500. William Oldbeof, _B_. Walter Oyldebeof, _X_.

Oldgroom, 505. Henry Eldegrome, _O_. John Eldegrom, _O_.

Oldman, 433. Walran Oldman, _A_. Richard Oldeman, _M_.

Oliphant, Olivant, 487.

Oliver, 38. Oliver Crane, _A_. Jordan Olyver, _H_. Oliver de Eyncurt, _A_.

Oliverson, 38. Philip fil. Oliver, _A_. Simon fil. Oliver, _A_.

Ollier (_v._ Oliver), 38.

Ollivant, 487.

Olver (_v._ Oliver), 38.

Olyfader, 511.

Onehand, 441. William Onhand, _B_. John Onehand, _D_.

Onesiphorus, 102. Onesiphorus Kittie, _Q Q_.

Openshaw, 117. Samuel Openshawe, _Z Z_.

Orbater, 400. Walter le Orbater, _A_.

Orchard, 111, 133. John de la Orcharde, _A_. Richard atte Orcheyerd, _G_.

Orcharder, 261.

Ordeiner, 179 _n_. John le Ordeiner, _M_. Stephen Ordinar, _M_.

Orfevre, 400. John le Orfevre, _A_. Roger le Orfevre, _M_.

Orfroiser, 346. John Orfroiser, _H_.

Organer, 312. Peter le Organer, _M_. Adam Orgener, 312 _n_.

Orger, 312. Robert Orger, _M_. Matilda Oregare, _A_.

Orlando (_v._ Roland), 38.

Orloger, 401. Walter Orlogyr, _S_. Bartholomew the Orologius.

Orme, 25. William Orm, _A_. Ormus Archebragge, _R_.

Ormerod, 25, 120. Peares Armerod, _Z Z_. Richard Ormerode, _Z Z_.

Ormesby, 25. Richard Ormesbye, _Z_. Henry Ormesby, _Z_.

Ormeson, 25. Alice fil. Orme, _A_. Adam fil. Orme, _R_. John fil. Orm, _W_ 19.

Orped, 466. Stephen le Horpede, _A_. William le Orpede, _A_.

Orpedman, 466. Thomas Orpedeman, _A_. Peter Orpedeman, _E_.

Orphanstrange, 430. John Orphanstrange, 430 _n_.

Osbald, 23.

Osbert, 23. Osbert de Bellebeck, _R_. Osbert le Ferrur, _A_. William fil. Osbert, _C_.

Osborne, 23. Gerard fil. Oseberne, _A_. Osborne le Haukere, _H_.

Os-ceytl, 24. Oscetyl, _v._ p. 24.

Osgood, John Osegod, _A_. John Osegode, _R_.

Oskell (_v._ Osketyl), 25. Oskell Somenour, _A A_ 3.

Osketyl (_v._ Oscetyl), 24. Osketyl, p. 24.

Osler, 290. Reginald le Osiler, _T_. Godfrey le Hoselur, _A_.

Osmond, Osmund, 23. Nicholas Osemund, _A_. Richard Osmund, _M_.

Ostler (_v._ Osler), 290. Ralph le Hostiler, _A_. Richard le Hosteler, _M_. William le Ostiller, _J_.

Ostricer (_v._ Astrier), 241. Robert le Ostricer, _A_. Alan le Ostrizer, _L_. William le Ostricer, _T_.

Oswald, 23. John Oswald, _M_.

Oswin, 23. Oswin Ogle, _W_ 9.

Otter, 489. Alan Otere, _A_. Edward Oter, _A_.

Ould, 431. John le Olde, _M_.

Outlaw, 182 _n_. William Outlawe, _V_ 9. John Outlagh, _M_. Richard Utlawe, _A_.

Over, 127. Richard de Overe, _A_. Lucas de Overe, _M_.

Overend, 114, 128. William de Overende, _A_. Michael de Overende, _A_.

Overman, 128.

Owen, 12. Richard fil. Owen, _A_. Alan Owayn, _A_.

Oxenden, 118. Alice de Oxenden, _B_. Ivo de Oxinden, _M_.

Oxenherd, 267. Thomas Oxenhyrde, _W_ 3. John Oxenhyrde, _W_ 3.

Oxherd, 267. Peter Oxhird, _W_ 2.

Oxlee, Oxley, 119.

Oysiler, 241. Walter le Oyselur, _T_. William le Oysellur, _E_. Idonea le Oyselur, _A_.

Packer, 298. Mathew le Pakkere, _D_. Adam le Packer, _M_. William le Packere, _J_.

Packman, 296, 298. Agnes Pakeman, _B_. Robert Pakeman, _T_.

Padman, 293.

Padre, 430. Ralph le Padre, _M_.

Pagan, 33. Pagan a la Legh, _A_. Pagan de la Hale, _A_. Roger fil. Pagan, _A_.

Page, 215. John le Page, _M_. William le Page, _B B_.

Paillard, 479.

Pain, Paine, (_v._ Pagan), 33. Robert fil. Pain, _A_. Pain del Ash, _M_. Robert Pain, _E_.

Painter, 251. William le Painter, _M_. Henry le Peintur, _E_.

Palfrey, 490. Thomas Palfrei, _A_. Richard Palefray, _A_.

Palfreyer, 220, 285. Gill Palfreur, _A_. Roger le Palefreyour, _W_ 2.

Palfreyman, 220, 285. John le Palfreyman, _M_. Robert Palfreyman, _A_.

Palfriman (_v._ Palfreyman), 220, 285. Clement Palfryman, _F F_.

Pallard, 479.

Pallet, 459.

Palliser, 258. John Pallyser, _W_ 9. Thomas Palysar, _W_ 9.

Pallister, 258. William Pallyster, _W_ 9. John Palyster, _W_ 9. Robert Paylyster, _W_ 11.

Palmer, 195. Hervey le Palmer, _A_. Geoffrey le Palmere, _B_. John le Paumer, _M_.

Pannier, 368. Simon le Pannier, _F F_. Jordan Pannare, _A_. Editha Panier, _A_.

Panter, Panther, Pantler, 210. Richard le Paneter, _C_. Robert le Panter, _A_. Geoffrey le Paneter, _G_.

Pantry, 136, 210. John de la Paneterie, _A_. Henry de la Paneterie, _M_.

Panyer, 368. Robert le Pannere, _H_. Amisius Panarius, _A_. Richard Panyere, _H_.

Panyman, 368. Godfrey Panyman, _H_.

Pape, 173. Hugh le Pape, _J_. William le Pape, _T_.

Parchmenter, 405. William Parchmentar, _P P_.

Parchmyner, 405. John le Parchmyner, _B_. Hamo le Parchemener, _L_. Christiana le Parchemyner, _G_. Geoffrey le Parcheminer, _J_.

Pardew, 510. John Pardieu, _H_.

Pardie (_v._ Pardew), 510.

Pardoe (_v._ Pardew), 510.

Pardoner, 195. Walter le Pardoner, _M_. Thomas Pardoner, _O_.

Pardow (_v._ Pardew), 510.

Parent, 430. John Parent, _A_. William Parent, _P_.

Parfay (_v._ Purefoy), 467. Geoffrey Parfay, _H_. Eudo Parfey, _A_.

Parfitt, 467. Robert Parfyte, _B_. Robert Parfite, _H_.

Pargeter, Pargiter, 250. William Pargeter, _Z_. Robert Pergiter, _Z_. Elizabeth Pergetor, _F F_.

Paris. John de Parys, _B_. Simon de Paris, _M_.

Parke, 231. Roger atte Parke, _M_. John del Parc, _A_.

Parker, 231. Hamo le Parkere, _B_. Robert le Parkere, _G_. Adam le Parkere, _M_.

Parkes, 89. Edward Parkes, _Z_. John Parkes, _Z_.

Parkin, Parkins, 89. William Parkyns, _H_. John Parkynne, _F F_.

Parkinson, 89. Ann Parkinson, _W_ 9. Roger Parkinson, _Z_. James Parkyngson, _W_ 3.

Parkman, 231.

Parlebien. Richard Parlebien, _M_. Hervey Parleben, _A_.

Parlour, 136. Henry del Parlur, _B_. Richard ate Parlur, _M_. William Parlour, _W_ 19.

Parmenter, Parminter, 339. Geoffrey le Parmunter, _A_. Saher le Parmentier, _H_. Hamo le Parmenter, _T_.

Parmiter, 339. William le Parmeter, _M_. Richard le Parmuter, _A_.

Parnall, Parnell, (_v._ Petronilla), 19, 66. Parnel de la Le, _A_. Parnell Cotton, _Z_.

Parr, 88.

Parramore, 477. Roger Paramour, _M_. Henry Parramore, _Z_.

Parrat, 88, 494. William Parrat, _Z_. Ralph Parratt, _Z_.

Parrott, 88, 494. John Parrott, _Z_. Alice Parrott, _Z_. John Parot, _W_ 11.

Parry, 51. Thomas ap-Harry, _D_.

Hugh ap-Harrye, _Z_. Watkin ap-Parry, _Z_.

Parson (1), 88. Robert Parson, _V_ 10. John Paressone, _F F_. (2), 187. William Persona, _A_. Walter le Persone, _H_.

Partrick, 494. William Partricke, _Z_.

Partridge, 494. Richard Partriche, _A_. Ancelm Partrich, _M_.

Pascal, 62. Pascall Sloman, _Z_. Pascal the Physician, _O_.

Paschal, 62. Paschal Balistarius, _E_. Paschal de Arnold, _H_.

Paschal-Lamb, 509.

Pascheson (_v._ Paschal). Antony Pascheson, _F F_. Hugh fil. Pasche, _A_.

Pash, 62. John Passhe, _F_. Hugh fil. Pasche, _A_.

Pask, Paske, 62. Alice Pascke, _F F_. Paskinus Mercator, _C_. John Pask, _A_.

Passavant, 218. Roger Passavant, _E_. William Passavaunt, _H_.

Pastemaker, 364. Gregory le Pastemakere, _X_. John le Pastemakere, _M_.

Paternoster, 341. William le Paternoster, _X_. John Paternoster, _A_.

Patience, 103. Edward Patience, _Q Q_.

Patient, 463.

Pattener, 352. Robert Patener, _W_ 11.

Pattenmaker, 352. James Patynmakere, _S_.

Paul, 96. Paulinus de Bointon, _A_.

Paulett, 97. John Paulett, _H_. Anne Pawlett, _Z_.

Paulson, 97.

Pauper, 430. Mathew le Pauper, _A_. William le Pauper, _A_.

Pavier, 278, _n_. Gerard le Pavier, _E_.

Pawlett, 97. Isabel Pawlett, _B_. Amys Pawlet, _H_.

Pawson, 96. William Pavison, _V_ William Pawson, _W_ 13.

Paxman, 298. Roger Paxman, _F F_.

Payn, Payne, 33. Payen le Doubbour, _N_. Payn le Fitz-waryn, _M_. Elis le Fitz-payn, _M_.

Paynett, Paynot, (_v._ Payn), 33. John Paynett, _Z_. Henry Paynot, _A_. Emma Paynot, _W_ 2.

Paynter, 251. Roger le Peyntur, _T_. Walter le Peyntur, _J_.

Pe (_v._ Peacock), 493. Richard le Pe, _A_.

Peacock, 144, 493. Henry Pecock, _A_. John Pekok, _H_.

Peachman, 261. Daniel Peachman, _F F_.

Pearce (_v._ Piers), 88. Robert Pearce, _Z_.

Pearman, 261. Antony Pereman, _Z_.

Pears, (_v._ Piers), 88. Peares Armerod, _Z Z_. John Pears, _Z_.

Pearse (_v._ Piers), 88. Pearse Clement, _Z_. Pearse Edgcombe, _Z_.

Pearson, 88. Edward Pereson, _F_. John Peyrson, _F_. John Peresone, _H_.

Peascod, 333 _n_., 485. Godwin Pescodde, _F F_. Nicholas Pescodde, _Z_.

Peate, 432.

Pecheress, 274. Agnes la Pecheresse, _A_.

Pecheur, 274. Walter le Pecheur, _A_.

Pecimer (_v._ Pessoner). Ralf le Pecimer, _F F_.

Peckbean, 483. William Peckebene, _A_.

Peckbone, 483. Thomas Pikebone, _W_ 11.

Peckcheese, 483. Alice Peckechese, _A_.

Pecksniff, 483.

Peckweather, 483. Ralph Peckewether, _A_.

Peddar, Pedder, 293. Martin le Peddere, _A_. Hugh le Pedder, _M_.

Pedifer, 437. Bernard Pedefer, _G_. Fulbert Pedefer, _X_. William Pedefer, _E_.

Pedlar, Pedler, 293. William Pedeleure, _M_. Thomas le Pedeler, _DD_.

Pedman, 293. William Pedman (Pipe Roll. Ric. 1).

Peel (1), 452. Thomas le Pele, _M_. Hugh le Pele, _T_. (2), 452. Roger of the Peele, 452 _n_. Robart of ye Peele, 452 _n_.

Peers (_v._ Piers), 88. Richard Peers, _F_. Alice Peres, _H_.

Peersdaughter. Isabella Peersdoghter, _W_ 15. Isolda Peersdoghter, _W_ 15.

Peerson (_v._ Pearson), 88. Thomas Peerson, _F_. Laurence Perysson, _H_.

Peile (_v._ Peel), 452.

Peirs (_v._ Piers), 88.

Peirson (_v._ Pearson), 88. William Peirson.

Peiser (_v._ Poyser), 411.

Pelerin, 195. Simon Pellerin, _A_. William le Pelerin, _E_.

Pelkeshank, 438. Thomas Pelkeshanke, _X_.

Pelliper, 345. Joan Pellipar, _F F_. Miles Pellipare, _A_. Simon Pelliparius, _A_.

Pelter, 345. Adam le Peleter, _A_. John le Peleter, _G_. Reyner le Peleter, _M_.

Pender, 235. William le Pendere, _N_.

Penfold, 132. Agnes atte Punfald, _A_.

Pennigar, Penniger, 200. Thomas le Penniger, _E_. William le Pennager, _E_.

Penny, 513. Robert Peny, _M_. Richard Peny, _H_.

Pennyfather, 482. Robert Penifader, _R_. Richard Penifadir, _A_. Roger Penyfader, _X_.

Pennypurse, 482. Aluric Penipurs (Domesday).

Penry (_v._ Parry), 51. John Ap-Henry, 51 _n_.

Pentecost, 62. Pentecost de London, _E_. Pentecost Serviius, _E_. John Pentecost, _A_.

Pepper, 371. John le Peper, _H_. Martin Peper, _A_.

Peppercorn, 485. Geoffrey Peppercorn, _A_.

Percy, 151. Henry de Percy, _A_. William de Percy, _A_.

Perfect (_v._ Parfitt), 463.

Perfect-Sparrow, 508.

Perkes, Perks, (_v._ Perkins), 88. Edmund Perke, _F F_. Thomas Perkes, _Z_.

Perkins, 88. Perkin Snode, _Z_. Perekin de Camera, _E_. Adam Perkyn, _H_.

Perkinson, 88. Robert Perkynson, _F_. William Perkinson, _W_ 9.

Perler, 341. Thomas le Perler, _X_. William Pirler, _W_ 2.

Pernell (_v._ Parnell), 66. Pernel Clere, _A_. Pernell Boulton, _Z_.

Perot (_v._ Perrott), 89 _n_.

Perrer, 261. Josceus le Perrer, _E_. William le Perier, _E_.

Perret, 89. Simon Peret, _M_. Thomas Perret, _H_.

Perriman, 261. William Peryman, _A_. Arthur Peryman, _Z_.

Perren, Perrin, 16, 89. Peryn, _A A_ 2.

Perrott, 89. Perot Gruer, _H_. Henry Perot, _M_.

Pessoner, 376. William le Pessoner, _A_. Henry le Pessoner, _C_. Richard le Pessoner, _M_.

Pessur, 274. Richard le Pessur, _A_. Hugh le Pesour, _J_. Godard le Pescher, _T_.

Pestur, 364. Herman le Pestur, _A_. Walter le Pestur, _B_. Richard le Pestour, _M_.

Peter, 88. Peter fil. Warin, _M_. Herebert fil. Petri, _T_.

Peterkin (_v._ Perkin), 88.

Peterson, 88. Walter fil. Peter, _A_. Adam fil. Petri, _C_.

Peticurteis. Walter Peticurteis, _A_. William Petitkorteys, _A_.

Petifer (_v._ Pedifer), 437. William Pettifer, _F F_.

Petitjean (_v._ Littlejohn), 503.

Petitpas, 440. John Petypase, _W_ 11. Thomas Petitpas, _M M_.

Petitsire, 507. Warin Petitsire, _K_.

Petronilla, 19, 66. Simon fil. Petronille, _A_. Nicholas fil. Petronelle, _C_. Petronil le Saucer, _G_.

Pettifer (_v._ Pedifer), 437.

Pettitt, 432. Hamo le Petit, _A_. Emma la Petite, _T_. Richard le Petit, _C_.

Pettovine, 159. Peter le Pettovin, _B_. Robert le Peytevine, _N_.

Petty, Pettye, 432. Simon Pette, _A_. Hugh Pety, _A_.

Petyclerk, 508. Richard Petyclerk, _M_. William Peticlerk, _H_. John Peticlerk, _W_ 2.

Petygard. Richard Petygard, _F F_.

Petyson (_v._ Peterson), 88. William Petyson, _F F_.

Pewter, Pewterer, Pewtrer, 392. Henry Pewterer, _Z Z_. William Peuterere, _S_.

Pheasant, 494. William Phesant, _Z_. James Phesaunte, _Z Z_. Robert Fesant, _A_.

Phelps (_v._ Philps), 90. John Phelpes, _Z_.

Philcox, 90.

Philemon, 100. Philemon Powell, _T T_.

Philip, Philips, 90. John Phelip, _M_. Sibill fil. Philippi, _T._ Philip le Grant, _T._

Philipson, 90. Thomas fil. Philip, _M_. Christofer Philipson, _Z Z_.

Phillot, 90.

Phillpot (_v._ Philpot), 90.

Philps (_v._ Philips), 90. John Philpe, _Z_.

Philpot, 90. Thomas Phylypotte, _B_. John Philipot, _N_. John Philypot, _H_.

Phipps, Phipson, 90. William Phippes, _H_. Thomas Phippes, _Z_.

Picard, Pickard, 159. Milo Pichard, _M_. Colin le Picart, _B B_. Baldwin Pickard, _A_.

Pickavant (_v._ Prikeavant), 450.

Pickerell, 497. German Pikerel, _H_. Sabina Pikerel, _A_.

Picot (_v._ Pigott).

Pidgeon, 494. Richard Pigun, _A_. Honore Pidgeon, _Z_.

Pierce, 88. Pierse Lloyd, _Z_. Pierce Butler, _Z_.

Piers, 88. Pierres de Belegrave, _M_. Piers Emerik, _H_.

Pierson, 88. John Pierson, _F_. Mathew Pierson, _H_.

Pigg, 491. John Pyg, _H_. Walter Pigge, _A_.

Pigman, 270. Jordan Pigman (Pipe Roll. Ric. I.). John Pegeman, _A_.

Pigott. Peter Pykot, _R_. Robert Pigot, _A_.

Pigsflesh, 499. Reyner Piggesflesh, _M_.

Pike, 459, 497. Richard Pyke, _M_. Randal Pike, _Z Z_.

Pikeman, 222. Thomas Pikeman, _R_. Giles Pykeman, _X_.

Pilate (_v._ Pilot).

Pilchard, 497. Robert Pilchard, _Y_.

Pilcher, 345. Hugh le Pilecher, _A_. John Pilcher, _G_.

Pilgrim, 195. John Pilegrim, _A_. Alice Pilgrim, _Z_.

Pilot. Iveta Pilate, _J_. William Pilot, _J_. Walter Pilat, _A_.

Pimple.

Pinchpenny, 482.

Pinchshoe, 440. Thomas Pinchshu, _A_.

Pindar, Pinder, 235. John le Pinder, _E_. Henry le Pynder, _M_. John le Pindere, _T_.

Pinfold (_v._ Penfold), 132.

Pinner, 320, 342. Andrew le Pynner, _G_. Walter le Pinner, _X_.

Pinnick, Pinnock, 495. John Pynnok, _G_. Richard Pinnoc, _A_.

Pinsemaille, 483.

Pinson, 34. Elias fil. Pagani, _M_. Robert Pynson, _H_. John Penyson, _V_ 11. William Penison, _V_ 3.

Piper, 309. Robert le Pipere, _M_. Richard le Pipere, _M_. Arnald le Pyper, _P_.

Pitkins, 90.

Pitt. Robert in the Pyt, _M_. Nicholas de la Putte, _A_.

Plaister, Plaisterer, Plaster, 250. John le Cementarius, _B_. Adam le Plastier, _X_. Joanna Plaisterer, _W_ 13. William Plaisterer, _W_ 13.

Plastow, 132. Robert atte Pleistowe, _A_. Nicolas de la Pleystowe, _A_.

Plater, 223. Anna Playter, _V_. Walter Playter, _A_.

Platfoot, 440. Margaret Platfoot, _F F_.

Platt (1), 122. Roger del Plat, _J_. (2), Roger le Plat, _H_.

Player, 305. Arthur Player, _Z_.

Playfair, 475. William Plaifare, _W_ 9.

Pleader, 180. Alured le Pledur, _T_. Henry le Pleidour, _A_.

Plow, 144. John Plu, _A_. John Plough, _F F_.

Plowday, 63. William Plouday, _A_.

Plowman, 256. John le Plouman, _A_. John le Ploghman, _A_.

Plowright, 277. William le Plowritte, _A_. William le Ploughwryte, _M_. Catharine Ploughwright, _W_ 2.

Plowstaff, 462. Thomas Ploghstaf, _W_ 11.

Pluckrose, 485. Roger Pluckrose.

Plumber. John le Plumber, _O_.

Plumer, 336. Peter le Plomer, _M_. Eleyn Plomier, _H_. Mariot le Plumer, _T_.

Plummer, 336. Simon le Plummer, _O_. Walter Plummer, _Z_.

Plumptree, Plumtree, 129

Plunket, 454.

Pockred, 445. Thomas Pockred, _A_.

Pocock, 493. William Pocock, _M_. Geoffrey Pococ, _A_.

Poer, 430. Arnald le Poer, _M_. Walter le Poer, _E_. Nicholas le Poer, _A_.

Poignant, 465. Gilbert Poygnant, _J_.

Pointdexter, 511. J. Poyndexter, 511 _n_.

Pointer, 347. John le Poyntour, _B_. Robert le Poyntour, _T_.

Pointmaker, 347. William Poyntmakere, _S_.

Pollard, 451. Henry Pollard, _M_. William Polard, _A_.

Pollinger (_v._ Bollinger), 364. William Pallinger, _Z_.

Pollitt (_v._ Paulett), 97. James Polet, _O_.

Polson (_v._ Powlson), 80, 96.

Pond. Sewal atte Ponde, _M_. Thomas atte Ponde, _B_.

Pontifex, 173.

Pontiff, 174. Richard Puntif, _A_.

Poore, 430. Roger le Povere, _A_. William le Poure, _B_. Robert le Poor, _R_.

Poorfish, 500. John Pourfisshe, _M_.

Pope, 173. Hugh le Pope, _A_. Alan le Pope, _A_.

Popgay, Popingay, Popinjay, 228, 494. Robert Popingeay, _F F_. Richard Popingay, _T T_.

Popkins (_v._ Hopkins). Hopkyn ap Popkin, _Z_.

Poplett, 475.

Poppett, 475.

Porcher, 270. Emma la Porcher, _A_. Roger la Porcher, _B_. Gilbert le Porcher, _H_.

Pork, 491. John Pork, _M_.

Porkeller, 270. Geoffrey le Porkuiller, _E_.

Porker, 270. John le Porker, _A_. Thomas le Porkere, _A_.

Port. Charles le Port, _B B_. Oliva le Port, _B B_.

Porter, 204. Alan le Porteur, _E_. Albin le Portour, _N_. Wybert le Porteur, _L_.

Portgreeve (_v._ Portreeve), 233.

Porthorse, 490. John Portehors, _V_ 8. Ralph Portehors, _V_ 8.

Portman. Christina Portman, _B_. William Portman, _H_.

Portreeve, 233. William le Portreve, _A_. Augustin le Portreve, _A_.

Portwine, 159. Presiosa Potewyne, _A_. Henry le Poytevin, _J_. Peter le Pettevin, _L_.

Potipher (_v._ Pedifer), 437.

Potkin, 90. Thomas Potkin, _H H_.

Potman, 393. Thomas Potman, _F F_. Henry Poteman, _H_.

Potter, 393. Ranulph le Poter, _A_. Walter le Potere, _N_. Adam le Potter, _M_.

Potticary, 382. William Apotecarius, _A_.

Pottinger, 207. Robert le Potager, _G_. Walter le Potager, _M_. John Potenger, _F_.

Potts, 90, 144. Roger Potts, _W_ 16. Deborah Potts, _W_ 16.

Poucher, 348, 398. Henry Poucher, _B_.

Pouchmaker, 348, 397. William Pouchemaker, _H_. Agnes Pouchemaker, _W_ 2.

Poulet (_v._ Paulett), 97.

Poulter (_v._ Pulter), 376.

Pounder, 235. Richard le Pundere, _T_. William le Pondere, _A_.

Poundsend, 114. John de Poundesend, _D_.

Pourtrayer. Richard le Pertriur, _W_ 4. Geoffrey le Purtreour, _X_.

Powell, 13, 97. Elizabeth Ap-Howell, _B_. John Ap-Howell, _D_. John Ap-Powell, _F_.

Power, 430. Thomas le Power, _B_. William le Povere, _H_. Walter le Powere, _M_.

Powlett (_v._ Paulett), 97.

Powlson, 96. Geoffray Poulson, _Z_. Alberte Powlson, _Z_. James Poulson, _W_ 16.

Poyntel, 401. John Poyntel, _X_. Roger Poyntel, _X_.

Poynter (_v._ Pointer), 347. Thomas le Poyntour, _M_. Vasse le Poyntur, _A_.

Poyser, 411. Josceus le Peisur, _DD_.

Prail, 154. William de Prahell, _E_.

Praise-God-barebones, 102.

Prall (_v._ Prail), 154.

Preacher, 191. Thomas le Prechur, _T_. John le Precheur, _A_. Jacob Preacher, _W_ 20.

Preece, 12. Hopkin ap Rees, _C_. Robert Prees, _H_.

Prentice, Prentis, 382. William le Prentiz, _G_. Nicholas Apprenticius, _G_.

Prest, 467. Peter le Prest, _M_. Walter le Prest, _H_.

Prester, 187. Joseus Presbiter, _B_. Thomas le Prestre, _A_. Richard le Presture, _F F_.

Prettiman, 443. William Prettiman, _F F_. Katharine Prettyman, _Z_.

Pretty, 443. Edmond Prettie, _Z_. Thomas Prettye, _Z_.

Prevost (_v._ Provost), 185.

Prew, 466. William le Prue, _B_.

Price, 12. Philip ap Rys, _C_. Lodovicus Apprise, _F_. John Apryce, _F_.

Prickadvance (_v._ Prikeavant), 450.

Prickett, 489. Richard Priket, _M_.

Prickherring. John Prikehering, _A_.

Pricktoe, 440. Peter Pricktoe, _M_.

Pride, 464, 476. Richard Pride, _T_. Roger Pryde, _R_.

Pridham, 477. William Prodhomme, _R_. Peter Prodhomme, _A_.

Priest (_v._ Prest), 187. Thomas Preest, _A_.

Priestman, 187. Robert Prestman, _A_. George Prestman, _W_ 9.

Priestson, 65. William le Prestessone, _G_. Simon fil. Presbiter, _A_.

Prikeavant, 450. William Prikeavant, _A_. Simon Prickadvance (Lower’s Dic.)

Primate, 187. William Primate, _F F_.

Primrose, 485. Richard Primerose, _F F_. Robert Primerose, _F F_.

Prince, 174. Ellice Prince, _Z_. Jeffrey Prynce, _Z_.

Prior, 191. Roger le Priour, _B_. Richard le Prior, _A_. William le Priur, _E_.

Priorman, 188. Symon Priorman, _W_ 15. Agnes Priorman, _W_ 18.

Pritchard, 12. John Aprichard, _F_. Ivo Ap-Richard, _G_.

Probert, 12, 39. Lloyd ap-Robert, _Z Z_. Ellice ap-Robert, _Z_.

Probyn, 39. William ap Robyn, _H_. William Ap-robyn, _X X_ 1.

Proctor. William le Procurator, _R_. John le Procuratour, _D_.

Prodger, 12, 40. Roger Aproger, _Z Z_.

Properjohn, 46, 503.

Prophet. John Prophete, _V_ 2.

Prosser, 13. David ap-Rosser, _F_. Robert ap-Rosser, _H_. John Approsser, _Z_.

Proud, 464, 476. Hugh le Proud, _A_. Robert le Proude, _DD_. Lewis Prowd, _V_ 7.

Proudfoot, 440, 464, 476. Robert Prudefot, _A_. William Proudfot, _H_.

Proudman, 476.

Proudlove, 476. Peter Proudlove, _F F_. George Proudelove, _Z Z_.

Prout, 476. Thomas le Prute, _A_. John le Prute, _H_. Cristina le Prute, _A_.

Proutpiere, 504. William Proutepiere, _M_.

Provence, Province, 159.

Provis, Provost, 185. Geoffrey le Provost, _H_. Walter le Provost, _J_.

Provostson, 65. Robert fil. Provost, _T_.

Pruce, 163. Hugh le Pruz, _M_. William le Pruz, _J_.

Prudame (_v._ Pridham), 477.

Prude, 464, 476. Elias le Prude, _A_. William le Prude, _T_.

Pruden, 477.

Prudence, 103. Richard Prudence, _F F_. Prudence Spenser, _W_ 14.

Prudhomme, 477, 507. John Prudhome, _A_. William Prodhomme, _H_. John Prudhome, _M_.

Prujean, 46, 503. Anne Prujean, _V_ 10. Francis Prujan, _V_ 5.

Pryor (_v._ Prior), 191. Robert Pryer, _A_.

Pudding, 431. Peter Pudding, _A_. Henry Pudding, _X_.

Pugh, 12. Morice Apew, _H_.

Puigneur, Puinnur, 320. Robert le Puigneur, _C_. William le Pugneor, _C_. Robert le Puinnur, _E_.

Pulter, 376. Osbert le Puleter, _A_. Adam le Poleter, _M_.

Pumphrey, 12. John ap Houmfrey, _Z_. Humfrey ap Humfrey, _Z_.

Punch. Roger Punch, _T_. Robert Punche, _A_.

Punshon, 144. Elizabeth Puncheon, _W_ 13.

Purcell, 491. John Purcel, _M_. Roger Purcell, _J_.

Purefoy, 467. Arthur Purejoy, _F F_.

Puregold, 428. Margaret Puregold, _F F_.

Purfey (_v._ Purefoy), 467.

Purser, 348, 398. William Purser, _D_. Robert le Pursere, _G_.

Pursuivant. Thomas Pursevaunt, _V_ 7. Faulcon Pursevaunt, _X X_ 1.

Puttinger (_v._ Pottinger). Robert Pewtinger, _Z_.

Puttock, 493. Richard Puttak, _A_. Letice Puttoc, _A_.

Pyatt, 494.

Pycard (_v._ Picard), 159. Henry Pykard, _M_. Roger Pycard, _H_.

Pye, 494. William Pye, _M_. John le Pie, _A_.

Pyebaker, 364. Andrew le Pyebakere, _X_.

Pyet, Pyett, 494.

Pylch, 457. Symon Pylche, _A_.

Pyletok, 457. Thomas Pyletok, _A_.

Quaint, 471, 507. Margaret le Coynte, _B_. Richard le Queynte, _B_. Michael le Queynt, _M_.

Quarrier, 249. Adam le Quarreur, _M_. Hugh le Quareur, _A_.

Quarterman, 437. Guy Quatreman, _B_. Richard Catermayn, _H_. Thomas Quatermains, _M_.

Quatrefages, 129.

Queen, 174. Matilda le Quen, _A_. Simon Quene, _A_.

Queenmay 176 _n_. Warin le Quene-may, _E_.

Querdelynn, 499. Ralph Querdelynn, _T_. William Querdelion, _X_.

Quick, 465. Robert Quic, _A_. Richard Quicke, _Z_.

Quickly, 465.

Quickman, 465. Adam Quikeman, _A_. Thomas Quikman, _M_.

Quilter, 358. Egidius le Quylter, _J_. Thomas le Queylter, _T_. Richard le Quilter, _A_.

Quiltmaker, 358. John Quyltemaker, _H_.

Raff (_v._ Ralf), 36. Amice Raffe, _A_. Raffe Barton, _Z_.

Raffman, 355. John Raffman, 356.

Raffson (_v._ Raff), 36. Peter Raffson, _Z Z_.

Ragg, 431.

Ragged, Raggett, 431. Robert le Ragidde, _A_. Thomas le Raggede, _B_.

Ragman. Richard Ragman, _A_.

Rain, 495. Robert le Rain, _J_. William le Rain, _J_.

Raines, Rains, 169. Richard de Rennes, _B_. William de Rainis, _E_.

Rakestraw, 483. William Rakestraw, _W_ 11.

Ralf, Ralph, 36. Ralph le Gras, _B_. Ralph fil. Ivo, _T_. John Radulfus, _A_.

Ram (1), 145, 485. Thomas atte Ram, _N_. Hugh de Ram, _A_. (2), 485. Geoffrey le Ram, _A_. Jocelin le Ram, _T_.

Ramage, 484. William Ramage, _B_.

Ramsden, 118. Geoffrey de Ramesden, _A_. Adam de Rammesdene, _A_.

Ramshaw, 117. William Ramshaw (Court of High Com. Sur. Soc.). John Ramshaw, _W_ 16.

Randle, Randall, (_v._ Ralph), 37. Randal Wylmyslow, _V_ 11. Randle de la Mill, _A_. Randulf Cissor, _A_.

Ranger, 232. Francis Ranger, _Z_. Robert Ranger, _Z_.

Rankin, 41. Gilbert Renekyn, _A_. Richard Reynkyn, _H_.

Ranson (_v._ Rankin), 41. Thomas Ranson, _W_ 20.

Raper (_v._ Roper), 399. William Raper, _W_ 9.

Rapkin, 37.

Rapson, 37. John Rapson, _Z_.

Rascal, 488. John Raskele, _H_. Henry Rascall, _Z_. Maria Rascall, _R R_ 1.

Rash. Roger le Resh, _F F_.

Ratcliffe, 124. Richard de Radeclive, _R_. William de Radeclive, _A_.

Ratt, 493. Walter le Rat, _J_. Nicholas le Rat, _A_.

Rattlebag, 501. John Rattilbagge, _A_.

Raton, 493. Ralph Ratun, _A_.

Raven, 494. John Raven, _B_. Alexander Raven, _H_.

Rawes, 37. Roger Rawe, _Z_. Humfrey Rawe, _Z_.

Rawkins, 37. Joane Rawkyns, _Z_. Walter Rawkyns, _Z_.

Rawlings, Rawlins, 37. Raulyn de la Fermerie, _M_. Raulina de Briston, _F F_. Raulinus Bassett, _E_.

Rawlingson, Rawlinson, 37. Robert Rawlyngson, _Z Z_. John Rawlynson, _F_.

Rawson, 37. John Rawson, _F_. Dionysia Rawson, _W_ 2.

Ray, 488. Reginald le Raye, _A_. Philip le Rey, _E_.

Rayden, 118.

Reade, 445. Roger le Rede, _C_. Adam le Rede, _H_.

Reader, 247. William le Redere, _X_. Emma le Redere, _A_.

Receiver. Richard le Receyvour, _A A_ 3. Ric le Recevour, _W_ 15.

Red, 445. William le Red, _N_. Isabel le Red, _A_.

Redbeard, 449. Alexander Redbeard, 449 _n_.

Redclerk, 506. John le Redeclerk, _V_ 9.

Redcliffe, 124. Thomas de Radcliff, _H_.

Redhead, 447. John Redheved, _A_. William Redehead, _W_ 2. Thomas Readhead, _W_ 20.

Redherring, 500. William Redherring, _M_.

Redking, 505. Richard Redeking, _A_. Walter Redeking, _A_.

Redman, 445. Robert Redeman, _A_. John Redman, _A_. Brian Redman, _W_ 16.

Redmayne, 125. William Redmaine, _W_ 16. Adam de Redmayne, _H_.

Redness, 125. John Redness, _W_ 9. Thomas Redness, _W_ 2.

Redsmith (_v._ Rodesmith), 281.

Reece (_v._ Rees), 12.

Reed, 445. Hamo le Rede, _A_. Amabilla la Rede, _A_.

Rees, 12. Hopkin ap Rees, _C_. Henry fil. Reys, _A_. Rees ap Howell, _M_.

Reeve, 233. John le Reve, _M_. Sager le Reve, _H_. Thomas le Reve, _J_.

Reformation, 102.

Reginald, 18, 41. Roysia fil. Reginald, _A_. Reginald le Porter, _J_.

Reid (_v._ Reade), 445.

Religious, 190. Walter le Religieuse, _E_.

Renard (_v._ Reynard), 41, 489.

Renaud (1), 41. Adam fil. Reinaud, _A_. Renaud Balistarius, _C_. (2), 489. John le Renaud, _H_.

Rennison (_v._ Reynerson), 41. Anne Rennison, _W_ 14. Thomas Rennison, _W_ 20. William Renyson, _F_.

Repentance, 103. Repentance Tompson, _Q Q_.

Replenish, 103. Replenish French, 103.

Reuter, 201. Thomas le Reuter, _H_. Ranulph le Ruter, _J_. Adam le Ruter, _E_.

Revetour, 189 _n_. Will. le Revetour, _W_ 11. Joan Revetour, _W_ 11. William Revetour, _W_ 17.

Reynard (_v._ Renaud, 1), 41. Godfrey Reynaud, _A_.

Reynardson, 41. William fil. Reynaud, _A_. Joseph Reynardson, _W_ 11.

Reyner. Reyner de Aula, _A_. Reyner le Blake, _A_. Reyner Custance, _A_. Henry Reyner, _W_ 16.

Reynerson (_v._ Reyner). John Reynerson, _W_ 10.

Reynold, Reynoldson, Reynolds, 41. Robert Reynold, _X_. Robert Reynoldson, _W_ 16. Emme Raynold, _A_.

Reyson. Peter Reysonne, _W_ 18.

Rhymer, 313. Ralph Rymer, _W_ 16.

Ribaud, 479. Philip Ribaud, _W_ 15. Will. le Ribote, _J_.

Rice (_v._ Price), 12. Hugh ap Rys, _C_. Rice Mansel (Princess Mary, Privy Expenses).

Richard, 40. Richard fil. Milo, _T_. Durand fil. Richard, _A_.

Richards, Richardson, 40. John Richardesonne, _Z Z_. Thomas Rycherdeson _F_. John Rychartson _W_ 19.

Riche, 430. Swanus le Riche, _A_. Reimbal le Riche, _C_. Gervase le Riche, _H_.

Richelot, 16, 40. Robert Richelot, _W_ 15. Robert Richelot, _R R_. Rikelot, _C C_ 1.

Richson, 40. Thomas Richeson, _W_ 9.

Rickards, 40. Thomas fil. Ricard, _A_. Hugh Ricard, _A_. Rycardus, _W_ 19.

Ricketts, 40.

Ricks, Rickson, 40. Cuthbert Ricerson, _W_ 3. John Rycerson, _W_ 3.

Rider, 232. Roger le Rider, _A_. Stephen le Ridere, _A_. Robert le Rider, _V_ 8.

Ridler, 275. John Ridler, _Z_. William Rydler, _Z_.

Righteous. John Rightwyse, _H_. John Rightwys, _X_.

Ritson (_v._ Rickson), 40.

Ritter (_v._ Reuter), 200.

River-Jordan, 509.

Rix (_v._ Ricks), 40.

Rixon (_v._ Rickson), 40. Laurence Rixon, _Z_.

Roan, 170.

Robarts, 39. Thomas Robart, _H_.

Robelot (_v._ Robert), 75 _n_. Henry Robelot, _A_. Ric Robelot, _A_. Rus Robalot, _A_.

Roberds, 39. Walter Roberd, _H_. William Roberd, _A_.

Robert, 39. Robert fil. Ivo, _T_. Robert de Romeny, _A_.

Robertot (_v._ Robert), 39. William Robertot, _A_.

Roberts, Robertson, 39. Bate fil. Robert, _A_. Wacius fil. Robert, _G_. Edmund Roberteson, _H_.

Robin (_v._ Robins), 39.

Robinet, 39. Richard Robynet, _H_. Robinet of the Hill, _Y_.

Robinhood, 39. Thomas Robynhod, _v._ p. 39.

Robins, 39. William Robyn, _X_. Robin le Herberjur, _E_. Dera Robins, _A_.

Robinson, 39. Roland Robynson, _H_. John Robbynson, _Z_.

Robison, 39. John Robeson, _W_ 9. Robert Roberson, _W_ 16.

Robkin (_v._ Robert), 39. Adam Robekin, _A_. Stephen Robekin, _M_.

Robson, 39. Edward Robson, _H_. Thomas Robson, _W_ 9.

Robuck, 145, 485. William atte Roebuck, _M_. Roger Robuck, _W_ 16.

Rodd, 461.

Rodds, 119. Francis Rods, _Z_.

Roden, 118. William Rodden, _Z_.

Rodes, 119. Raffe Rodes, _Z_. Godfrey Rodes, _Z_.

Rodesmith, 283. John Rodesmithe, _D_.

Rodgers, 40. Hugh Roggers, _H_.

Roe (1), 443. Alicia le Ro, _A_. (2), 145, 485. John de la Roe, _O_.

Roefoot, 439.

Roger, 18, 40. James fil. Roger, _T_. Roger le Riche, _H_.

Rogercock (_v._ Roger), 40. Stephen Rogekoc, _A_.

Rogers, 40. William Rogers, _A_. Henry Rogers, _A_.

Rogerson, 40. Richard Rogersonne, _Z Z_. Ranulf fil. Roger _C_.

Rokster, 381. Juliana Rokster, _R R_ 2.

Roland (_v._ Rowland), 38. Rolond le Lene, _A_. John Roland, _H_.

Rolfe (_v._ Ralph). John Rolff, _H_. Sarra Rolf, _A_.

Rollins (_v._ Rawlins), 37.

Rollinson (_v._ Rawlinson), 37,

Romaine, Romayne, 162. John le Romayn, _L_. Reginald le Romayn, _A_. John Roman, _W_ 17.

Romer, 195. Christiana la Romere, _A_. Stephen Romer, _Z Z_.

Rood, 130. William de la Rude, _A_. Richard de la Rude, _H_.

Rook, 267 _n_., 494. Geoffrey le Roke, _A_. William le Ruk, _A_. Adam le Roe, _A_.

Rookherd, 267. Henry le Rochyrde, _A_.

Roper, 399. Simeon le Roper, _A_. Robert le Ropere, _N_. Alvena le Roper, _R R_ 1.

Rosamund, 19. Rosamunda, _A_.

Rosser (_v._ Prosser), 13. Rosser Morres, _Z_.

Rose, 142, 485. John de la Rose, _T_. Nicholas de la Rose, _A_.

Roughead, 447. Robert Rogheved, _R_. Josias Roughead, 447. John Roughheved, _R R_ 1.

Round, 431. Robert Rounde, _Z_.

Roundhay, 133.

Rountree (_v._ Rowntree).

Rous, 444. Jordan le Rous, _B_. Henry le Rous, _N_. Ivo de Rous, _J_.

Rouse, 444. Juliana le Rouse, _A_. Alice Rouze, _A_.

Rowden, 118. William de Ruweden, _A_. Simon de Ruweden, _A_.

Rowe, 443. William le Roo, _A_. Thomas le Roo, _A_.

Rowland, Rowlands, 38. Roulandus Bloet, _C_. Rowland Robynson, _H_. Rowland fil. Roulandi, _T_.

Rowlandson, 38. William Rollandson, _F_. Richard Rowlinson, _W_ 2. Robert Rowelyngsonne, _Z Z_.

Rowlett, Rowlet, (_v._ Rowland), 38. Joane Rowlet, _H H_. Ralph Rowlett, _H H_. Mathew Rowlett, _Y_.

Rowley, 119. Geffery Rowley, _Z_. Hew Rowley, _Z_.

Rowlson (_v._ Rowlandson), 38. Francis Rowlson, _Z_.

Rownthwaite, 121. Thomas Rounthwaite, _W_ 16. Henry Rownthwaite, _Z Z_.

Rowntree, 129. William Rowentree, _W_ 16. Ralph Roentree, _W_ 20.

Royds, 119.

Royal-King, 508.

Roylance, 459.

Rudd, 130. Margaret atte Rudde, _J_. Agnes Rudde, _A_.

Rudder, 130. William Rudder, _Z_.

Ruddick (_v._ Ruddock), 495.

Ruddiman, 130.

Ruddock, 495. Ralph Ruddoc, _A_. Edward Ruddock, _W_ 16.

Rufhead (_v._ Roughead), 397.

Rumbelow, 512. Stephen Rumbilowe, _H_.

Rummager, 483. Honorius le Rumongour, _N_.

Rummelowe (_v._ Rumbelow), 512.

Rummey (_v._ Rumney), 169.

Rummiley (_v._ Rumbelow), 512.

Rumney, 169. Alan de Romeny, _T_. John de Romeneye, _O_. Robert de Romeny, _R_.

Runchiman, Runchman, Runciman, 286.

Runcy, 286, 490. Lawrence Runcy, _A_. Thomas Runcy, _A_. Roger Runcy, _V_ 8.

Russe, 162. Martin le Rus, _A_. William le Ruse, _B_. Hugh le Ruse, _E_.

Russell, 445. Willecoccus Russel, _A_. Miriel Russel, _A_.

Ruter, Rutter, (_v._ Reuter), 200.

Ryecroft, 132. Richard de Ricroft, _R_. Robert Ryecroft, _Z Z_.

Ryder, 232. Roger le Rydere, _A_. Ralph le Ryder, _J_.

Rylands, 459.

Sabin, Sabina, 72. Sabina Pikerel, _A_. Sabina Gaylard, _H_. Sabinus Chambre, _V_ 4.

Sacker, 319. John Sakkere, _H_. Adam le Sakkere, _X_.

Sadd, 469. Robert Sad, _H_. William Sad, _R_.

Sadler, 289. John le Sadeler, _M_. John Sadeler, _H_.

Saer (_v._ Saher), 25. Saer Batagle, _A_. John fil. Saeri, _A_. Saer Bude, _A_.

Sage, 463. Jacob le Sage, _C_. Geoffrey le Sage, _T_.

Saher, 25. Saherus de Braban, _E_. Saher Clerk, _C_. Saher le King, _H_.

Sailor, 408. John le Saillur, _A_. Nicholas le Saler, _A_.

Saint. William le Seynt, _DD_.

Sale, 136. Alexander de la Sale, _B_. Katerina de la Sale, _J_. John de la Sale, _T_.

Sallow, 152. Giles St. Lowe, _H_. Margaret St. Lowe, _H_.

Salmon, 446. Elizabeth Salmon, _G_.

Salmon, 83. Salomon.

Salter, 312, 371. Walter le Salter, _A_. John le Salter, _M_.

Salvage (_v._ Savage), 484. William le Salvage, _B_. Geoffrey le Salvage, _E_.

Samand, 152. Almaric de St. Amando, _B_. John de St. Amand, _M_.

Sample (_v._ Semple), 152.

Samms (_v._ Samuel), 83.

Sampson, Samson, 83. Samson de Battisford, _A_. Sampson de Box, _A_. Sampson Darnebrough, _W_ 16.

Samuel, Samuelson, 83. Samuell Ellis, _W_ 16.

Sandeman (_v._ Samand), 152.

Sandercock, 98.

Sanders (_v._ Saunders), 98. Sanders Ewart, _W_ 9. Roger Alisander, _R_. William Sandre, _A_.

Sanderson, 98.

Sanger, 313. Adam le Sangere, _T_.

Sangster, 313. Willametta Cantatrix, _E_.

Sapphira, 101. Sapphira Leighton, 101 _n_.

Sarah, 23. Sarra Malet, _A_. Sarra le Cornmongere, _T_. William fil. Sarra, _T_.

Sarasin, 166. Peter Sarracen, _C_. Henry Sarrasin, _J_. William Sarazein, _C_.

Sargant, Sargeant, Sargeaunt, Sargent, (_v._ Sarjant), 180.

Sarjant, Sarjeant, 180. John le Serjant, _A_. Roesia la Serjaunte, _J_. Gocelin le Serjaunt, _N_.

Sarra (_v._ Sarah), 82.

Sarson (1), 82, 166. Nicholas fil. Sarre, _A_. William fil. Sare, _DD_. (2), (_v._ Sarasin), 166. John Saresson, _F F_.

Saturday, 63.

Saucemaker, 371. Joan Sausemaker, _W_ 11.

Saucer, 371. Robert le Sauser, _H_. Matilda le Sausere, _B_. Roger le Sauser, _N_.

Saul, 136.

Saundercock, 98. Edward Saundercock, _Q_.

Saunder, Saunders, (_v._ Sanders), 98. John Alisaundre, _M_. John Saunders, _Z Z_.

Saunderson, 98. Thomas fil. Saundre, _A_. George Saunderson, _Z Z_.

Sauvage, Savage, 484. Adelmya le Sauvage, _J_. Henry le Sauvage, _B_. John le Savage, _H_.

Savonier, 372. Agneta le Savoner, _A_. Adam le Savonier, _E_.

Saward (_v._ Seward), 25.

Sawkin (_v._ Saunder). John Sawkyn, _Z Z_.

Sawtrer, 311. William le Sautreour, _X_.

Sawyer. Geoffrey le Sawere, _A_. Walter le Sawyere, _G_. Henry le Saghier, _M_.

Saxton (_v._ Sexton), 189.

Say (1), 213. William le Saye, _A_. John le Say, _M_. (2), 213. Geoffrey de Say, _M_. Hugh de Say, _A_.

Sayer (_v._ Saher), 25, 405. Sayer Herberd, _A_. Sayer Lorimer, _D_. Agnes Sayer, _N_.

Saykin (_v._ Sayer). Saykin Bude, _A_.

Scambler, 440.

Scarlett, 446. Hugh Skarlet, _D_. Elizabeth Scarlet, _H_.

Scattergood, 500. Wimcote Schatregod, _A_. Thomas Skatergoode, _F_. Mathew Scatergude, _W_ 2.

Schalk, 212. Doctor Schalke, 212 _n_.

Scharpe (_v._ Sharp), 412.

Schoolmaster, 197. Thomas Skolmayster, _B_.

Scissor, 340. William le Scissor, _C_. German Scissor, _T_.

Sclater, 248. Adam le Sclattere, _A_. Roger Sclatiere, _A_.

Scolardson, 65. John Scolardesson, _M_.

Scorchbeef, 500. Simon Schorchebef, _A_. Roger Scorchebof, _A_.

Scot (_v._ Escot), 148. William le Scot, _B_. Walter le Scot, _C_. Maurice le Scot, _J_.

Scratchhose, 457. John Scrothose, _M_.

Scrimminger, 220.

Scrimshaw (_v._ Skrimshire), 220.

Scriven, Scrivener, 406. William le Scrivayn, _J_. John le Scriveyn, _L_. Clara le Scrivyn, _A_.

Scuteler, 389. James le Scutelaire, _H_. Robert Scutellarius, _E_.

Scutelmouth, 390, 501. Arnald Scutelmuth, _A_.

Seabourne, 26. Alexander Sebern, _A_.

Sealer (_v._ Seller), 406.

Sealey, 470. Nicholas Sely, _M_. Thomas Sely, _R_.

Seaman, 26. Seaman le Baylif, _J_. Seaman Carpenter, _A_. Seaman Champayne, _B_.

Seamer (_v._ Seymour), 340. James Seamer, _W_ 16.

Searle (_v._ Serle), 27. William Serle, _C_.

Searson (_v._ Saer), 25. Seer le Faber, _A_. Seer de Freville, _A_.

Seaward (_v._ Seward), 25.

Secretain (_v._ Sexton), 189.

Secular, 190. Alexander le Seculer, _L_. Nicholas le Secular, _B_. Walter le Seculer, _A_.

Seculer (_v._ Secular), 158.

Seeley (_v._ Sealey), 470. William Sely, _A_.

Segar, 25. Eudo fil. Sygar, _C_. Eudo fil. Seger, _E_.

Seller, 289, 406. John le Seler, _G_. Warin le Seler, _N_. Hugh le Seler, _O_.

Sellinger (_v._ Steleger), 152. Roger de Seint-Leger, _M_.

Sellman, Selman, 293. Thomas Selman, _D_.

Selyman, 470. George Selyman, _D_. Robert Selyman, _H_.

Seman (_v._ Seaman), 26.

Semper, 152. Agnes Seynpere, _B_. John Seyntpere, _C_. Robert de Seyntpere, _M_.

Sempill, Semple, (_v._ Semple), 152. John de St. Paul, _H_. Robert de Seint Poul, _M_.

Sempster, 340. Peter le Semestre, _A_. Elen Semster, _W_ 2. Emma Semister, _W_ 9. Hellen Simster, _W_ 16.

Senecal (_v._ Senechal), 211.

Senechal, 211. Alexander le Seneschal, _B_. William le Seneschal, _H_. Ivo Seneschallus, _T_.

Senior, 429. Michael le Seigneur, _E_. William le Seignour, _M_. Edmund Seignyowr, _W_ 2. Thomas Senior, _W_ 16.

Senlez, Senlis, 152. Guy de Saintliz, _M_. Simon de Seintliz, _E_.

Serelson (_v._ Serlson), 28. Ri. Serelson, _M_.

Sergeantson, 65. Thomas Sergeauntson, _H_.

Sergent, Sergeant, (_v._ Serjant), 180.

Sergeantson. Thomas Sargandson, _W_ 11. Henry Serchauntson, _W_ 11.

Sergison (_v._ Sergeantson), 65. Mary Sergison, _W_ 16.

Serle, 27. Serle Gotokirke, _A_. John fil. Serlo, _A_. Serl fil. Ade, _A_.

Serlson, 27, _n_. Hugh Serlson, _M_. Richard Serelson, _M_. William Serleson, _W_ 2.

Serrell (_v._ Serle and Serlson), 27.

Setter, 227. Clement le Settere, _N_. Alexander le Settere, _X_.

Severe, 468. John le Severe, _A_.

Seward, 25. Syward Godwin, _J_. Siward Oldcorn, _L_. Richard Seward, _A_.

Sewer, 212. Robert le Suur, _A_. Henry le Suur, _G_. Nicholas le Suur, _A_.

Sexton, 189. William Sexten, _Z_. Robert Sextin, _Z_. Richard Sekkesteyn, _F F_. John Sixton, _W_ 16.

Seymour, 152. Elizabeth Seyntmaur, _B_. Henry de St. Maur, _M_.

Shacklock, 447. Johannes Schaklok, _W_ 2.

Shailer, 440.

Shakelance, 461. Henry Shakelaunce, _A_.

Shakelock, 447. Hamo Shakeloc, _A_. Simon Shakelok, _M_.

Shakeshaft, 461. Anne Shakeshaft, _v._ p. 461. Hugh Shakeshaft, _v._ p. 461.

Shakespeare, 461. William Shakespere, _V_.

Shallcross, 117. Humfrey Shallcross, _E_.

Shambler, 440.

Shanks, 437. Stephen Schankes, _A_.

Shark, 497.

Sharman (_v._ Sherman), 327.

Sharp, 465. Thomas Scharp, _H_. Alexander Scharp, _A_.

Sharparrow, 465. John Sharparrow, _W_ 2. William Sharparrow, _W_ 11. Oswin Sharparrow, _W_ 3.

Shavenhead, _A_, 447. Robert Shevenehod, _A_.

Shaver, 384. Jeffery Schavere, _F F_.

Shave-tail, 384. Henry Shavetail, _R R_ 1.

Shaw, 117. John atte Schawe, _H_. Thomas de Shaghe, _M_.

Shawcross (_v._ Shallcross), 117.

Shayler, Shaylor, 440.

Shearer, 327. Richard le Sherere, _M_. Reginald le Scherere, _M_.

Shearman (_v._ Sherman), 327. John le Sheremon, _M_.

Shearsmith, 282. Walter le Scheresmythe, _M_.

Sheather, 223.

Sheerwind, 439. Richard Sherewynde, _D_. Henry Scherewind, _A_.

Sheepshank, 438.

Sheepshead, 435. John Schepished, _P P_. William Schepished, _P P_.

Sheeter, 358. Hugh le Shetare, _M_. Roger le Schetere, _M_.

Sheldrake, Sheldrick, 494. John Sheldrake, _D_. Adam Sceyldrake, _A_.

Shepherd, 267. Margaret le Shepherde, _A_. John le Shepherde, _M_. Josse le Sephurde, _A_.

Shepperdson, 65. Alice Shipperdson, _W_ 9. William Shipperdson, _S S_.

Sherman, 327. Robert le Sherman, _M_. William le Sherman, _R_.

Sherriff. Thomas le Shirreve, _D_. Lena le Shireve, _A_.

Shilling, 513. Robert Shillyng, _R R_ 1.

Shingler, 248.

Shipgroom, 409. John Shipgroom, _G_.

Shipley, 119.

Shipman, 408. William Shypman, _B_. Alexander Schipman, _H_.

Shipper (_v._ Skipper), 408.

Shipward, 409. John Shypward, _D_. John Shipward, _H_.

Shipwright, 277. Hugh le Schipwryte, _A_. Simon Shepewright, _Z Z_.

Shirriff (_v._ Sherriff). Roger le Shyreve, _L_. Nicholas Sherreve, _L_.

Shoebeggar, 314 _n_. Simon le Shobeggere, _A_.

Shoemaker, 351 _n_. Christopher Shoomaker. John Showmaker, _v._ p. Harry Shomaker, _v._ p. Richard Shomaker, _V_ 3.

Shoosmith, 282. Henry Shughsmythe, _W_.

Shore, 127.

Short, 431. Richard le Shorte, _M_. Richard Short, _J_.

Shorter, 432. John Shorter, _H_. Anna Shawter, _W_ 20.

Shorthose, 456.

Shortman, 431.

Shotbolt, 462. John Shotbolt, _H H_. Thomas Shotbolte, _Z_.

Shoveller, Showler, 276.

Shreeve (_v._ Sherriff), 179.

Shunchrist. William Shonecrist, _A_.

Shuxsmith, 282. Margerie Shughsmythe, _A A_ 1. Henry Shughsmythe, _A A_ 1.

Sibbald, 26. Sibbald Jones, _Q Q_.

Sibbes (_v._ Sibson), 72.

Sibilla, (_v._ Sybilla), 72.

Siborne (_v._ Seabourn), 26.

Sibson, 72. Richard fil. Sibille, _A_. John Sybson, _W_ 9.

Sicklefoot, 440. Gilbert Sikelfot, _M_.

Sicklesmith, 282. John Sykelsmith, _D_.

Sidney, 152.

Silence, 104. Silence Leigh, 104 _n_.

Sillery, 152.

Silly, 470. Benedict Sely, _D_.

Sillybarn, 471. Thomas Selybarn, _W_ 11.

Sillyman, 470. George Selyman, _D_. John Seliman, _A_.

Silverlock, 447. Richard Selverlok, _M_. James Silverlock, _H H_. Alex Silverlock, _V_ 5.

Silverspoon, 144.

Silvester. Silvestre le Enneyse, _A_. Thomas fil. Silvestre, _A_.

Simbarb, 75 _n_., 152. Thomas Seyntbarbe, _B_. Jordan de St. Barbe, _M_. William Sembarbe, _V_ 3.

Simcock, Simcox, 89. James Sympcock, _W_ 9.

Simister (_v._ Summister), 206. John Somayster, _F_. William Summaster, _Z_.

Simkins (_v._ Simpkins), 89.

Simms, 89. William Symmes, _X_. James Symmes, _Z_.

Simmonds, Simmons, Simmonson, 89. Ingilram fil. Simon, _J_. Robert Symondson, _W_ 8. Marquis Symondesson, _H_.

Simnel, 367. Lambert Simnel.

Simon, 89. Simon fil. Peter, _C_. Simon le Gras, _T_.

Simonet, 89. Simonettus Mercator, _E_. Symonet Villain, _C C_ 4.

Simper (_v._ Semper), 152.

Simpkins, 89. Robert Symkyn, _F_. Simkin Cock, _F F_. Ann Symkynes, _Z_. Symkyn Edward, _V_.

Simpkinson, 89. John Symkynson, _Z_. William Simpkinson, _Z Z_.

Simple (1), 470. Henry le Simple, _M_. Jordan le Simple, _A_. (2), 152.

Simpole (_v._ Semple), 152.

Simpson, 89. William Sympson, _F_. Dorothy Sympson, _Z_.

Sims (_v._ Simms), 89. John Symes, _Z_. Thomas Symes, _Z Z_.

Simson, 89. Simon fil. Sim, _A_. Hugh fil. Sim, _A_.

Sinclair, 152. Robert de Sencler, _A_. Thomas de Seint Clere, _M_.

Sing-Song, 508.

Sinkler (_v._ Sinclair), 152.

Sire. Alexander le Sire, _A_. William le Syre, _N_.

Sirlot (_v._ Serle), 28. Matilda Sirlot, _A_. Mabil Sirlot, _A_.

Siser, 180.

Sisselot, 69. Alicia fil. Sisselot, _A_. Bella Cesselot, _A_.

Sisselson, 69. Richard Sisselson, _H_.

Sissiver, 152. Hugh Sanzaver, _A_. Ralph Saunsavoir, _M_. Henry Syssiver, _W_ 9.

Sisson, 69. John Sisson, _W_ 2. Henry Sysson, _W_ 9. Cuthbert Sisson, _W_ 20.

Sissot, 69. Cissota West, _W_ 2. Syssot Wilson, _A A_ 2. Syssot Cook, _A A_ 2.

Sissotson, 69. John Sissotson, _W_ 2. Agnes Sissotson, _W_ 11.

Sisterson, 430. Jacob Systerson, _W_ 3.

Sivewright, 277.

Sivier, Sivyer, 275. Ralph le Siviere, _A_. Peter Syvyere, _B_.

Sixpeny, 513. Thomas Sexpenne, _G_.

Sixsmith (_v._ Sicklesmith), 282.

Sizer, 180.

Skilful. John Skilful, _O_. Geoffrey Scilful, _A_.

Skiller (_v._ Squiller), 209.

Skilman. John Skilman, _M_. Henry Skileman, _A_.

Skinner, 330. Richard le Skynnere, _B_. Hamo le Skynner, _J_. Robert le Skynnere, _M_.

Skipper, 408. Robert Skepper, _W_ 9.

Skirmisher, Skrimshire, Skrymsher, (_v._ Eskirmisour), 220. Elizebetha Skrymsher, _E E_. Alexander Schirmissure, _S S_. William le Shyrmisur, _A_. Roger le Skirmisour, _X_.

Slabber, 249. John le Sclabbere, _M_.

Slade, 121. John Atte Slade, _M_. Nicholas de la Slade, _M_.

Sladen, 121.

Slater, Slatter, 248. Adam le Sclattere, _A_. John Sclatter, _H_.

Slaughter, 375. Paris Slaughter, _V_ 2.

Slaymaker, 321. George Slemaker, _v._ p. 321. Susannah Slemaker, _v._ p. 321.

Slayman, 321. Henry Slayman, _A_.

Slaywright (_v._ Slywright), 277, 321. Thomas Slawryght, _W_ 11. Richard Slawryght, _A A_ 3.

Slee, 469. Isabell Slee, _W_ 9. Richard Sle, _A_.

Sleeper. Simon le Slepare, _A_.

Sleigh, 469. Simon le Slegh, _M_. Nigel le Sleygh, _M_. John le Slege, _A_.

Slemman, 469. Davy Slemen, _Z_.

Slick, 442.

Slight, 431. Allan Sleight, _Q_. John Slyt, _A_.

Slinger, 224. Thomas Slinger, _W_ 16. William Slynger, _Z_.

Slocombe, 125. John Slocombe, _Z_. Richard Slocombe, _Z_.

Sloper, 345. Agatha le Slopere, _A_. William Sloper, _H H_.

Sly, 469. John Slye, _H_. Alexander Slye, _O_. Thomas Sly, _R R_ 1.

Slyman, 469.

Slywright, 277, 321. Margery Slywright, _Z Z_. Thomas Slywright, _Z Z_.

Smale, 433. John le Smale, _A_. John le Smale, _M_.

Smaleman, 433. Richard Smaleman, _A_. Stephen Smaleman, _Z_.

Small, 431. Nicholas le Smalle, _D_. Robert le Small, _A_.

Smallman (_v._ Smaleman), 433. William Smallman, _V_ 2. Lucy Smallman, _V_ 2.

Smallpage, 215, 506. Thomas Smallpage, _W_ 2. Ralph Smallpage, _V_ 3. Percivall Smallpage, _v._ p. 215.

Smallwriter, 508. William Smalwritere, _A_. William le Smalewritere, _R_.

_Smart_ (_v._ Smert), 465. John Smart, _M_. William Smart, _A_.

Smartknave, 505. Christiana Smartknave, _A_.

Smartwayt, 506. James Smartwayt, _F F_. Geoffrey Smartwayt, _F_. Robert Smartwate, _F_.

Smelt, 497.

Smert, 465. Richard le Smert, _M_. Walter Smert, _H_.

Smijth, Smith, 281. Philip le Smethe, _A_. Henry Le Smeyt, _A_. Gilbert le Smyth, _M_. William le Smyt, _M_.

Smithman. John Smythman, _F_. Henry Smytman, _H_.

Smithson, 65. Thomas Smythson, _F_. William le Smithssone, _M_. John fil. Fabri, _R_.

Smocker, Smoker, Smooker, 344.

Smythe (_v._ Smith), 281. Peter le Smyth, _M_. William le Smyth, _A_.

Snake, 498. Roger Snake, 498 _n_. William Snake, 498 _n_.

Snell, 465. William Snel, _A_. Walter Snel, _X_.

Snooks, 129. William Sevenokes, _H_.

Snowball. William Snowball, _W_ 16.

Soaper (_v._ Soper), 371.

Sober. Thomas le Sober, _M_.

Sockerman (_v._ Sockman), 252.

Sockman, 252. Sokemannus de Castro, _A_. William Sokeman, _A_.

Solomon, 83.

Somer, 152. William St. Omer, _C_. Thomas de St. Omer, _M_.

Soper, 371. Julian le Soper, _A_. Aleyn le Sopere, _X_.

Sor, 444. John le Sot, _H_. Philip le Sor, _T_.

Sorrell, 444. Robert Sorel, _J_. Richard Sorel, _M_.

Sot, 481. Robert le Sot, _O_. Thomas le Sot, _T_.

Sotheran, Sothern, 150.

Sour. Gilbert le Sour, _A_.

Sourale, 481. Thomas Sourale, _A_.

Souter (_v._ Sowter), 350. Robert le Souter, _M_. David le Souter, _M_.

South, 150. Henry Suth, _A_.

Southern, 150.

Soward, 267.

Sowden, 118. William de Soudon, _M_. Robert de Sowdene, _A_.

Sowman, 270.

Sowter, 350. Andrew le Soutere, _D_. Richard le Sutor, _M_.

Spain (_v._ Espin), 161. William de Spaigne, _B_. Michael de Spane, _A_.

Spaniard, 161. John Spaynard, _C_.

Sparewater, 482. Ralph Sparewater, _J_.

Spark (_v._ Sparrowhawk), 493. Nicholas Sparke, _A_. Hugh Spark, _A_.

Sparling, 497. Robert Sparling, _H_. William Sparling, _R_.

Sparrow, 142, 494. Nicholas Sparewe, _A_. Walter Sparewe, _B_.

Sparrowhawk, 493. Richard Sparhawke, _F F_. Olive Sparrehawke, _Z_.

Speaklittle, 468. William Spekelitel, _P_. William Spekelitel, _G G_.

Speakman. Isolda Spekeman, _A_. Richard Spekeman, _A_.

Spear, 459. Ralph Sper, _A_. John Spere, _A_.

Spearman, 222.

Spearsmith, 281.

Speight, 494. John Spight, _W_ 16. Richard Speight, _W_ 16.

Speller. Gerard le Speller, _H_.

Spence, 209. Cecily Spence, _W_ 16. Marmaduke Spence, _W_ 16.

Spencer, 209. John le Spencer, _A_. Richard le Spencer, _A_.

Spendlove, 474. John Spendlove, _P_. Alicia Spendlove, _A_.

Spenser (_v._ Spencer), 209. Henry le Spenser, _A_. Roger le Spenser, _A_.

Spicer, 370. Harry le Spicere, _M_. Saer le Spicer, _N_. Amphelisa le Spicer, _O_.

Spichfat, 491. Robert Spichfat, _X_. William Spichfat, _W_ 11.

Spigurell, Spigurnell, 218. Nicholas le Spigurnell, _A_. Godfrey Spigurnel, _O_. Henry Spigurner, _X X_ 1.

Spillwine. Emma Spilleweyne, _H_. John Spillwyne, _X_.

Spindler, 321. John Spyndelere, _X_ 1. Thomas Spendeler, _F F_.

Spink, 494.

Spinner, 381.

Spittal, Spittle, Richard ate Spitele, _M_. Gilbert de Hospitall, _A_.

Spoon, 144.

Spooner, 214, 390.

Spratt, 497. Thomas Spratt, _V_ 10. Edward Spratt, _V_ 11.

Springald. John Springald, _A_. William Springald, _R_.

Spurdance, 462. Margaret Spurdaunce, _V_. Richard Spurdaunce, _F F_.

Spurnhose, 457. John Sprenhose, _A_.

Spurrier, 224, 289. Benedict le Sporier, _J_. Nicholas le Sporiere, _X_.

Squier (_v._ Squire), 199. Walter le Squier, _M_. John le Squier, _A_.

Squiller, 209. John le Squylier, _H_. Geoffrey le Squeller, _O_.

Squillery, 209. John de la Squillerye, _H_.

Squire (_v._ Esquire), 199.

Squirrell, 489. Thomas Squyrelle, _N_.

Stabler, 272. Thomas le Stabeler, _A_. William le Stabler, _R_. Anne Stabler, _W_ 16.

Staff, 461.

Stag, Stagg, 488. Dorothie Stagge, _Z Z_. John Stagge, _V_ 8.

Stagman, 235. Robert Stagman, _H_.

Stainer, 251. William Steynour, _H_. Robert Stainer, _M_.

Stallard, 303. Geoffrey Stallard, _M_.

Staller, 303. John le Stallere, _M_. Elias Staller, _A_.

Stallman, 303.

Stalwart, 466. Henry Staleworth, _A_. John le Staleworthe, _A_.

Stammer, 441.

Stamper, 404. John Stamper, _A_. Antony Stamper, _Z Z_. Robert Stamper, _W_ 16.

Stannus, 131. Robert de Stanehouse, _A_.

Stapler, 319.

Star, Stare, 495. Robert Stare, _A_.

Starker, 363. Ralph le Starker, _A_.

Starkie, 483. Humfrey Starkey, _H_.

Starkman, 363, 483. Geoffrey Starkman, _T_. William Starcman, _A_.

Stead, 135. John Stede, _A_.

Steadman, Stedman, 135. John le Stedman, _M_. Simon le Stedman, _B_.

Steenson (_v._ Stevenson), 96.

Steer, 490. Roger le Ster, _A_. Simon le Ster, _M_.

Steerman, 271. Thomas Sterman, _M_. William Sterman, _M_.

Steerson (_v._ Stevenson). Francis Stearson, _W_ 16. John Stearson, _W_ 16.

Stein-kettle, 25. Steinchetel (Domesday B.).

Steleger (_v._ Sellinger), 152. Ranulph Steleger, _H_.

Stennet, Stennett, 96.

Stephen, 96. Stephen le Fox, _L_. Stephen le Bor, _T_.

Stephens, Stephenson, 96. Jordan fil. Stephen, _A_. Simon fil. Stephen, _A_.

Stepkin (_v._ Stephen). John Stepkin, _V_ 10. Theodosia Stepkin, _V_ 10.

Sterling, 165. John Sterlyng, _M_.

Stertwayte, 506. William Stertwayte, _F F_.

Stevens, 96. Robert Stevene, _M_. Esteven Walays, _W_ 2.

Stevenson, 96. Thomas Stevison, _W_ 11. Joseph Stinson, _W_ 11.

Stewardson, 65. Rowland Stewardson, _Z Z_.

St. George, 152. Baldwin de Seyngeorge, _A_. Thomas Sayntegeorge, _X X_ 1.

Stickbeard, 451. Thomas Stikeberd, _A_.

Stierman (_v._ Steerman), 271.

Stinson (_v._ Stevenson), 96.

Stimson, Stimpson, (_v._ Stephenson), 96. John Stimpson, _F F_.

Stirling (_v._ Sterling), 165.

Stirrup, 144. Margery de Styrop, _P_. Roger de Stirap, _A_.

St. John, 152. John de St. Johanne, _M_.

St. Leger (_v._ Sellinger), 152. Bartholomew Seintleger, _X X_ 1.

Stobbart, 268. Thomas Stoberd, _W_ 3. Janet Stobart, _W_ 9. Simon Stobbart, _W_ 16.

Stoddard, Stoddart, 266. Cuthbert Stoddert, _W_ 9. Walter Stodhirde, _M_. John Studdart, _W_ 16.

Stone. John de la Stone, _A_. Richard Stone, _Z_.

Stoneclough, 124. Matthew Stonecliffe, _W_ 16.

Stonehewer, 264. Richard Stonhewer, _S S_. John Stonehewer, _A A_ 4.

Stonehouse (_v._ Stannus), 131.

Stork, 144, 494. Thomas Storck, _A_.

Stothard, Stotherd, 266. Matilda Stotehard, _A_. William Stothard, _A_.

Stott, 490. Peter Stot, _A_. Hugh Stote, _A_.

Stout, 431. John Stout, _B B_. Richard Stout, _M_.

Stradling, 440. Isabel Stradling, _H_. Edward Stradelyng, _Y_.

Straitbarrel. James Straytbarrel, _A A_ 3. Richard Streteburell (Hist. Leeds, p. 359). James Stratberell, _X X_ 1.

Strang (_v._ Strong), 436. John le Strang, _E_.

Strange, 146. John le Strange, _A_. Fulk le Strange, _M_.

Stranger, 146.

Strangeman, 146. Ellen Strangman, _Z_. John Strangman, _E E_.

Strange-woman, 146. Alicia Strange-woman, _R R_ 1.

Straunge, 146. Richard le Straunge, _B_. Amice le Straunge, _M_.

Street, 115. Alice de la Strete, _A_. William atte Strete, _M_.

Streeter, 113. James Streater, _W_ 16. John Streteer, _F_.

Streetman, 113.

Streetshend, 114. John atte Stretesend, _F F_. Walter ate Stretende _A_.

Strictman, 468. John Strictman, _A_.

Stringer, 226, 399. George Stringer, _Z Z_. Thomas Stringer, _W_ 16.

Stringfellow, 228, 399. John Stringefellowe, _Z_. Thomas Strengfellowe, _Z Z_.

Strokehose, 457. Nicholas Strokehose, _M_.

Strong, 431. Joscelin le Strong, _H_. William le Strong, _T_.

Strongbow, 459. Ranulf Strongbowe, _A_. Simon Strongebowe, _H_.

Stronger, 432. Henry le Stronger, _M_.

Strongfellow, 433. Robert Strongfellowe, _Z_. Frances Strongfellowe, _Z_.

Strongitharm (_v._ Armstrong), 436.

Strongman, 433. Bridget Strongman, _F F_.

Strut. John le Strut, _A_. Cecil Strut, _A_.

Stubbard, 268. William Stubbard, _V_. Augustin Stubbard, _Z_.

Sturdy. Walter Sturdi, _A_. Henry Sturdy, _F F_.

Sturgeon, 497. Nicholas Sturgeon, _D_. John Sturgeon, _H_.

Stuttard (_v._ Stoddart), 266, 441. John Stouthirde, _M_.

Stutter, 441. Nicholas le Stotere, _M_.

Styles, 110, 115. Richard de la Style, _A_. William atte Style, _B_. John atte Stighele, _M_.

Subtle, 469. Robert le Sotele, _A_. Salomon le Sotell, 469 _n_.

Suckerman (_v._ Sockman), 252. William Sucheman, _A_. Robert Suckerman, _Z_.

Suckling, 202. Amice Suckling, _F F_.

Sucksmith (_v._ Sicklesmith), 282. Bryan Sukesmythe, _Z Z_.

Sugden (_v._ Sowden), 118. John Sugden, _Z_. Raynbroun Sugden, _Z Z_.

Sugg. 491. John Sugge, _A_. Roger Sugge, _A_.

Suitor (_v._ Sowter), 351.

Sullen, 464. Andrew Sullen, _B_.

Summerswain, 505. Eve Summersweyn, _F F_.

Summister (_v._ Simister), 206. William Sumaster, _Z_. William Summayster, _B_.

Sumner, 180. Hugh le Somenur, _A_. Henry le Sumenour, _B_. Ralph le Somenur, _T_.

Sumpter, 300. William le Sumeter, _A_. Philip le Someter, _M_.

Sumption, 62.

Sumter (_v._ Sumpter), 300. William le Somter, _M_.

Sumterman, 300. Richard Somterman, _R R_ 2.

Surgeon, 382. William le Surgien, _G_. John le Chirurgien, _M_. Thomas le Surigien, _T_.

Surreys, 150. Thomas le Surreys, _J_. Simon le Surreis, _DD_. Aveline le Surrys, _F F_.

Sustin, 152.

Sutcliffe, 124.

Suter (_v._ Souter), 351. William le Sutere, _A_. Isabel la Sutare, _A_. William le Suter, _M_.

Sutton, 146. Henry de Sutton, _M_. Robert de Suttone, _X_.

Swain, (1), 27. Sweyn Colle, _R_. Swanus le Riche, _A_. (2), 255, 505. Geoffrey le Sweyn, _A_. Hugh le Sweyn, _O_.

Swainson, 27. Adam fil. Suani, _A_. Adam fil. Swain, _J_.

Swallow, 494. John Swalowe, _H_. Helevisa Swalwe, _A_.

Swan, 494. Henry le Swan, _H_. Simon le Swon, _M_.

Swanherde, 267. William le Swonherde, _M_.

Swanson (_v._ Swainson), 27. Agnes Swanson, _Z Z_.

Swart, 445. John le Swarte, _N_. Tydyman le Swarte, _N_.

Swartbrant, 436. Swartebrant, _W_ 12.

Swatman, 475.

Swatson, 23. John Swetson, _T T_.

Swayn (_v._ Swain), 27, 255.

Swayne (_v._ Swain), 27, 255.

Sweat-in-bed, 501. Alan Swetinbedde, _V_ 8.

Sweatman (_v._ Swetman), 22, 475.

Sweet, 23, 464. Swet le Bone, _A_. Adam Swet, _A_.

Sweetale, 481. John Sweteale, _V_ 1.

Sweetapple, 504. Edward Swetapple, _R R_ 1.

Sweetcock, 23, 475. Adam Swetcoc, _A_.

Sweetlove, 474. Margery Swetelove, _A_. Peter Swetlove, _A_.

Sweetman, 22, 475. Sweteman Textor, _A_. Avice Sueteman, _A_.

Sweetmouth, 434. Robert Swetemouth, _D_. William Swetmouth, _Q_.

Swetman (_v._ Sweetman), 22, 420. Swetman fil. Edith, _A_. Swetman de Heligham, _A_.

Swier (_v._ Swyer), 199.

Swift, 439. Robert Swifte, _H_. Amice Swift, _A_.

Swimmer. William le Swymmer, _R R_.

Swinden, 118.

Swinnart, 267. John Swynhird, _W_ 2.

Swire (_v._ Swyer), 199, 435.

Sword, 459. Alice Swerde, _A_.

Sworder, 223. John le Serdere, _M_. John Swerder, _Z_. Henry Swerder, _H_.

Swyer, 199. Geoffrey le Swyer, _A_. William Swyer, _W_ 2.

Sybilla, 72. Sybilla fil. Geoffrey, _A_. Sibilla de Dale, _B_.

Symbarbe (_v._ Simbarbe), 152.

Syson (_v._ Sisson), 59, 69. Richard fil. Cecilia, _A_.

Tabard, 458.

Tabberer, 309. John le Taburer, _A_. William le Tabourer, _B_.

Taber (_v._ Tabor), 309.

Tabler, 401. Bartholomew le Tabler, _M_. Roger Tablour, _M_.

Tableter, 401. Richard le Tableter, _M_. Bartholomew le Tableter, _X_.

Tabor, 309. Edmond Tabour, _V_.

Tabrer (_v._ Tabberer), 309. William le Taburer, _A_.

Tailor, 339. Roger le Tailour, _M_. Miles le Taillur, _A_.

Tailoress, 339. Alicia la Tayleurese, _A_.

Tait, 434. John Tate, _H_. George Taytte, _W_ 9.

Talboys, 154. Walter Talebois, _B_. William Tailboys, _H_.

Tallis, 154.

Tamar, 101.

Tankerville, 151. Camberlane de Tankervile, _A_.

Tanner, 330. Jordan le Tannur, _A_. Gilbert le Tanur, _B_. Loretta le Tannur, _T_.

Tapiser, 360. Simon Tapser, _H_. Peter Tapiser, 360 _n_.

Tapper, 379. Robert le Tappere, _M_. John le Tapper, _A_.

Tapster, 360, 379.

Tasker, 275. Alexander Tasker, _M_. Benedict le Taskur, _A_.

Taskermale, 275. Adam Taskermale, _A_.

Tassel, Tassell, 493. John Tassel, _F F_.

Tasseller, 326. Gilbert le Tasselere, _H_. Matilda la Tasselere, _H_.

Tate (_v._ Tait), 384. Nicholas Tate, _A_.

Taverner, 292. Walter le Taverner, _B_. John le Tavernour, _C_. Thomas le Taverner, _D_.

Tawyere, 331. John le Tawyere, _R_. Ralph le Tawyere, _A_.

Tayler (_v._ Taylor), 339. Margery la Taillere, _B_.

Taylor, 326, 339. Henry le Talyur, _A_. Roger le Tayllur, _B_. Richard le Taillour, _H_.

Taylour, 339. Alan le Taylour, _M_. Adam le Taliour, _H_.

Taylzer, 326. Edward Taylzer, _W_ 9.

Tebbatt, 59. Teobald le Botiler, _A_. Teobald Bussel, _A_.

Tebbes, 59. Tebbe Molendinarius, _A_. Tebb fil. William, _J_. Margery Tebbe _W_ 11. Thomas Tebbe, _W_ 12.

Tebbott, Tebbutt, 59. Tebald de Engleschevile, _A_. Richard Tebaud, _A_. Roger Tebbott, _Z_. Tibot Fitz-piers, _Y_. Tibaud de Russell, _P P_.

Teinter, 322. Warin le Teyntour, _T_. John le Teyntour, _H_.

Teinturer, 322. Robert le Teynturer, _A_. William le Teinturer, _E_.

Teler, 328. John le Teler, _E_. Robert le Teler, _J_. Henry le Telere, _M_.

Teleress, 328. Ida le Teleresse, _T_.

Telier (_v._ Teler), 328.

Telwright, Tellwright, 278,

Temperance, 103. Temperance Dowlande, _Z_. Temperance Gell, _v._ p. 103.

Templeman, 113. Ambrose le Templeman, _A_. Robert Templeman, _A_.

Templer, 113. William le Templer, _J_. Adam le Templer, _M_.

Tench, 497. John Tenche, _A_. William Tench, _P_. George Tench, _V_ 5.

Tenison, Tennison, Tennyson, (_v._ Denison), 70. Francis Tenyson, _W_ 14. Margaret Tenison, _W_ 14. Thomas Tenison, _V_ 10.

Tenter (_v._ Teinter), 322. Richard le Tenter, _H_. Philip le Tentier, _H_.

Termday, 63. Margery Termeday, _A_.

Tester, 404.

Testimony. Ralph Testimonie, _A_. Adam Testimonie, _A_.

Texter, 328. Otto le Texter, _F F_. John Tixtor, 328 _n_.

Thacker, 246. Philip Thackere, _H_. William Thecker, _M_.

Thackeray, Thackery, (_v._ Thackwray), 246. Mary Thackwray, _W_ 16.

Thackman, 246. Nathaniel Thackman, _T T_.

Thackster, 246. Thomas Thackstere, _H_. John Thackster, _F F_.

Thackwray, 246. Thomas Thackwray, _W_ 16.

Thain, Thaine, Thane, 175. Nicholas le Then, _T_. John le Theyn, _A_. Roger le Theyn, _T_.

Thankful, 104 _n_. Thankfull Frewin, _V_ 5.

Thatcher, 246. Reginald le Theccher, _L_. John le Thacher, _M_.

Thaxter (_v._ Thackster), 246. John Thaxter, 246.

The-Lord-is-near, 102.

Theobald, 19, 59. Thebold le Bayard, _A_. Fulco fil. Theobald, _C_.

Theophania, 19, 72. Thefama fil. Henry, _A_. Theofania Brid, _E_. Typhania Hauteyn, _F F_.

Thick, 431.

Thickness, 125. Thomas Thykenasse, _H_. James de Thykenesse, _M_.

Thickpeny, 482. William Thickpeny, _W_ 2. Rychard Thickpenny, _W_ 9.

Thin, 431. Thomas Thynne, _A_.

Thistlethwaite, 121.

Tholy, 92. Tholy Oldcorn, _A_.

Thom, 93.

Thomas, 93. Thomas fil. Odo, _T_. Thomas fil. Lambert, _T_.

Thomasett, 93.

Thomasine, 93 _n_. Thomasena Rawlyngson, _W_ 11. Thomazin Collingword, _S S_. George Thomasin, _V_ 5.

Thomasman, 506. William Thomasman, _V_ 13.

Thomason, 93. John Thomason, _F_. William Tomasson, _Z Z_.

Thomlin, 93. Thomlyn of the Leghes, _A A_ 2.

Thompkins, 15, 93.

Thompson, 93. Gerard fil. Thomas, _A_. Walter fil. Thomas, _C_.

Thoms, 93. Thomas Tomse, _V_ 5. Nathan Tomse, _V_ 5.

Thomsett, 93.

Thomson, 93. Thome fil. Thome, _A_. Maurice fil. Thome, _C_.

Thorald, 24. Torald Benig, _A_. Torald Camerarius, _A_. Ralph fil. Thorald, _A_.

Thorncombe, 125. Robert de Thorncoumbe, _M_.

Thornover, 128. William de Thornover, _X X_ 4.

Thornthwaite, 121.

Thorowgood. William Thogood, _L_. Nicholas Thorowgood, _Z_.

Thorp, Thorpe, 137. Adam de Thorp, _B_. Robert de Thorpe, _M_.

Thousandpound, 513. Thomas Thousandpound, 513.

Thresher, 275.

Thropp, 137. Adam de la Thropp, _A_. Simon de Throp, _B_.

Thrower, 330. John Thrower, _F F_.

Throwster, 330.

Thrupp (_v._ Thropp), 137.

Thrush, 494.

Thrussel, 494. Thomas Thrustle, _Z_. John Throssell, _Z Z_.

Thurkell, 24. William Thurkel, _M_. Thurkeld le Seneschal, _R_.

Thurkettle, 24. Richard Thyrketyll, _F_. Robert Thirkettle, _F F_.

Thurkill, 24. Thomas Thurkill, _D_. Robert Thurkil, _T_.

Thwaites, 120. Thomas de Thwaytes, _B_. John del Thwaites, _M_.

Tibbald (_v._ Tebbott), 59. Thebald ad Cap. Ville, _A_. Tebald Archep. Cant. _A_.

Tibbat (_v._ Tebbott), 59. Robert Tebaud, _M_.

Tibbes, 59. John Tibbs, _Z_.

Tibbet, Tibbett, (_v._ Tebbot), 59. Tibota Foliot, _A_.

Tibble (_v._ Theobald), 59.

Tiddeman, 23. Tethingman de Auste, _A_. Tiddeman Boker, _H_. Tydyman le Swarte, _N_. Tideman de Winchcomb, _H_.

Tiffany, 72. Nicholas fil. Tiffaniæ, _T_. Thifania Simme, _A_. Tyffanie Seamor, _Z_. Teffania de Wildeker, _E_.

Tiger, 488.

Tileman, 211, 212. Walter Tileman, _N_. Geoffrey Tileman, _A_.

Tilewright, 278.

Till, 44. Alexander fil. Tylle, _DD_.

Tillman, 256. Henry Tilman, _B B_.

Tillot, 16, 44. Tyllot Thomson, _W_ 9. William Tulyot, _H_. Cecilia Tillote, _A_.

Tillotson (_v._ Tillot), 16, 44.

Tillyer, 256. William Tillier, _H_.

Tilly, 44. John Tilly, _A_.

Tilson, 44. Roger Tilson, _F_. John Tilson, _W_ 2. Alexander fil. Tylle, _DD_.

Timberman. John Timberman, _Z_.

Timbs (_v._ Timms), 98.

Timcock, 98. John Tymcock, _H H_. John Tymcock, _V_ 5.

Timms, 98. John Timms, _V_ 11.

Timson, 98.

Tinker (_v._ Tynker), 296. Richard le Tinekere, _T_. Peter le Teneker, _A_.

Tinkler, 296. Richard Tynkler, _W_ 8. Alice Tynkeller, _W_ 9.

Tipkins, 59.

Tipler. William Tipeler, _A_.

Tipper, 227. John le Tipper, _M_. William le Tipper, _A_.

Tippet, Tippetts, (_v._ Tibbetts), 59.

Tippins, 59.

Tipple (_v._ Tibble), 59.

Tipson, 59.

Tipstaffe, 461.

Tireman (_v._ Tyerman), 336. John Tireman, _F F_.

Todd, 489. Ive Todde, _DD_. John le Tod, _M_.

Toddler, 440. Ralph le Todeler, _A_.

Todhunter, 238.

Todman, 238. Robert Todman, _S S_.

Toleman (_v._ Tolman), 367.

Tollbooth, 412. Jeffrey Talboth, _F F_. Ermstrud Taleboth, _N N_.

Toller, 412. Ralph le Toller, _B_. Bartholomew le Tollere, _M_.

Tolly (_v._ Toly), 92.

Tolman, 412. Thomas Tolman, _B_.

Tolson (_v._ Bartholomew), 92. Henry Tolson, _Z Z_. Thomas Tolson, _W_ 16. William the son of Tole (English Gilds, p. 150).

Toly (_v._ Bartholomew), 92. William fil. Tholy, _E_. Duce Toly, _A_.

Tom (_v._ Thomas), 93.

Tomkin, Tomkins, 15, 93. Nicholas Tomkins, _Z_. Richard Tomkins, _Z_.

Tomkinson, 15, 93.

Tomline, 93.

Tomlinson, 93. Thomas Tomplynson, _F_. Bernard Thomlynson, _F_. Robert Tomlynson, _H_.

Tompkins, 93. Katharine Tompkyns, _Z_. Richard Tompkins, _Z_.

Tompsett, 93.

Tompson, 93. Reginald Tompson, _F_. John Tomison, _F F_. Thomas Tomsone, _W_ 19.

Tomsett, 73. Henry Tomset, _Z_.

Tonder, 381. Edmund le Tonder, _F F_.

Toneler, 381. William le Toneleur, _H_. Ralph le Toneler, _A_.

Tonkin, 54.

Tonson (_v._ Townson), 54.

Tonsor, 384. Ralph Tonsor, _J_.

Tony, 54. Richard le Tony, _A_. Stephen le Tony, _A_.

Topliff, 124.

Tort, 432. Ralph le Tort, _R_.

Tortesmaine, 437. Elias Tortman, _R R_.

Tortoiseshell, 501. Edward Tortoiseshell, _v._ p. 501.

Totiller, 480. John Totiller, _H_. Richard le Titteler, _A_.

Tower (1), 332. Hugh de la Tour, _B_. Henry atte Torre, _T_. (2), Gilbert le Tower, _A_. Thomas le Toure, _A_.

Towester, 332. Juliana la Touestre, _A_.

Towler (_v._ Toller). Thomas Towler, _W_ 16.

Town, 137. William de la Toune, _A_.

Townend (_v._ Townsend), 114, 138.

Townegreen, 138. John atte Townegreene, _M_.

Townsend, 114, 138. John Attounsend, _B_. Henry ate Tunesende, _A_. Adam ate Tuneshende, _A_. Alice ate Tunishende, _A_.

Townson, 54. Jane Tounson, _E_. Robert Townson, _V_ 7.

Towzer, Tozer, 320. John Toser, _F_.

Tragetour, 314. Symon le Tregetor, _A_. William le Tregetur, _A_.

Tranter, 285. Annes Tranter (_v._ Ludlow Church: Cam. Soc.)

Trapper, 239.

Traunter, 285. Agnes Traunter (_v._ Ludlow Church: Cam. Soc.)

Tribulation, 102.

Trop, 137. Walter de Torp, _J_. Osbert de Trop, _T_.

Trotman, Trotter, 440. Samuel Trotman, _H H_. Thomas Trotter, _W_ 13. Richard Trotter, _C_.

Trout, 497.

Trower, 330.

True, 464.

Truebody, 439. Stephen Trewbody, _H_.

Truelove, 474. Richard Trewlove, _G_. Stephen Truelove, _H_.

Truman, 464. Agnes Treueman, _A_. Thomas Treweman, _A_.

Trumper, 183. William le Trompour, _M_. John le Trompour, _M_.

Truth, 103. Troth Bellingham, _W_ 14.

Tubbs, 144.

Tubman. Henry Tubman, _W_ 16. John Tubman, _F_.

Tucker, 324. Roger le Tukere, _A_. William le Touker, _G_. Peter Tuker, _T_. Percival le Toukere, _M_.

Tuckerman, 324.

Tuesday, 63. Richard Twyssoday, _W_ 11. Thomas Twysday, _H_. John Tewsidaye, _W_ 17.

Tumber, 308. William le Tumbere, _M_.

Tunder, 381. Hugh le Tundur, _A_. Ric. le Tundur, _T_.

Tune (_v._ Town), 137. Ralph de la Tune, _B_. Geoffrey de la Tune, _A_.

Tunner, 381. William le Tonier, _H_.

Tunnicliffe, 124.

Turbot, 497. Daniel Turbot, _W_ 20. Thomas Turbot (Ct. of High Com. Sur. Soc.)

Turk, 162. Jacob le Turk, _DD_. William le Turc, _A_.

Turner, 391, 400. Aylbricht le Turnur, _A_. William le Tournour, _G_. Robert le Tornour, _N_.

Turnpeny, 482. John Turnpeny, _D_. Robert Turnepeny, _G_.

Turtle, 495. Roger Turtle, _D_. Reginald Turtel, _A_.

Twelvepence, 513. Fulco Twelpenes, _A_.

Twelvetrees, 129.

Twentimark, 513. John Twentimark, _F F_. William Twentymark, _R R_ 1.

Twentyman, 271. Henry Twentyman, _T T_.

Twist, 432.

Twopenny, 168.

Two-year-old, 501. Thomas Twoyearolde, _A A_ 1.

Tyerman, 336. Henry Tyerman, _Q_. John Tyerman, _Z_.

Tyler, 248, 279. Ralph le Tilere, _A_.

Hugh le Tygheler, _H_. Adam le Tyghelere, _M_.

Tyner, 258. John le Tynere, _M_.

Tynker (_v._ Tinker), 296. Thomas le Tyneker, _A_.

Tyrer, 336. Richard Tyrer, _R_.

Tyson (_v._ Dyson), 70.

Ul-Kettle, 25 _n_. Ulchetel (Domesday B.) Ulchell, _W_ 12. Ulchil, _W_ 12.

Uncle, 429. John le Uncle, _A_. Robert Unkle, _H_.

Unity, 103. Unity Thornton, _Q Q_.

Unsworth, 134.

Upholder, 359. Richard Upholder, 359 _n_.

Upright. Richard Upright _X_.

Uriah, 100. Uriah Babington, _T T_.

Usher, 204. Alan le Usser, _A_. Nicholas le Usher, _B_. Julian le Usher, _C_.

Vache (1), 142. Richard de la Vache, _A_. (2), 485. Peter le Vache, _A_. Philip la Vache, _C_.

Vacher (_v._ Vatcher), 272.

Vadlet, Vallet, 507. John le Vadlet, _T_. Robert le Vallet, _E_.

Vanne, 276. Richard Atte Vanne, _R_. Robert de la Vanne, _R_.

Vanner, 276. Henry Vannere, _X_. Walter le Vanner, _A_.

Vatcher, 272. John le Vacher, _R_. Walter le Vacher, _A_.

Vavasor, 198. Jordan le Vavasur, _R_. William le Vavasor, _H_.

Vavasour, 198. Robert le Vavasour, _B_. Richard le Vavasour, _H_.

Veale, 432. Robert le Vele, _H_. William le Veel, _R_.

Veck, 186. Robert le Vecke, _A_.

Veile, 490. Thomas le Veyle, _A_. Hubert le Veyll, _B_.

Vender, 293. William le Vendour, _D_.

Veness, 162. John de Venuz, _A_. Leonard de Venetia, _E_.

Venner, 237. Robert le Venur, _A_. John le Venour, _B_. Thomas le Veneur, _T_.

Verjuice. John Vergoose, _W_ 13.

Vesk (_v._ Veck), 186. Jacob le Veske, _T_. Nicholas Levesk, _R_.

Vestmentmaker, 339. Robert Vesmentmaker, _W_ 2.

Vicar, 187. Reyner Vicarius, _A_. Gilbert Vicare, _A_.

Vicary, 187. Richard Vicary, _B_.

Vick (_v._ Veck), 186.

Vickerman, 187.

Vidler (_v._ Fiddler), 308.

Vielur (_v._ Vyler), 311. Jacob le Vielur, _T_. Uter le Vileur, _E_.

Vigorous, 466. Nicholas Vigerous, _R_. John Vygerous, _X_.

Vigors (_v._ Vigorous), 466.

Viler (_v._ Vyler), 311.

Villain, 255. Lambert le Vilein, _C_. Terri le Vileyn, _H_. Philip le Vylayn, _T_.

Villiers, 151. Gilbert de Vilers. _E_. Robert de Vilers, _E_.

Viner, 378, 261. Symon le Vynur, _A_. William le Viner, _C_. Roger le Vynour, _G_.

Vinter, 378. John le Vinetur, _B_. Ralph le Vineter, _H_. Alexander le Vineter, _J_.

Virtue, 103. Virtue Hunt, _Z_.

Viscount, 174. Eustace de Vechounte, _A_. John le Viscounte, _B_.

Vyler, 311. Benedict le Viler, _B_. Nicholas le Vylour, _H_. Wyot le Vilur, _L_.

Waddilove, Waddilow, 474. John Wade-in-love, _N_. William Wade-in-love, _A_.

Wadman, 323.

Wafer, 365. Simon le Wafre, _K_. Robert le Wafre, _A_.

Waferer, 365. William le Wayfre, _J_. Theobald Wayferer, _W_ 2.

Wag. Robert le Wag, _A_. Robert Wagge, _A_.

Waghorn, 461.

Wagner, Wagoner, 288. Godemar le Waghener, _DD_. John Wiggoner, _W_ 16.

Wagspear, 461. Mabill Wagsper, _W_ 1.

Wagstaffe, 461. Robert Waggestaff, _A_. Edward Wagstaffe, _P P_.

Wagtail. Richard Wagetail, _Y_.

Wailer, 469. Robert le Walur, _A_. Peter le Walur, _A_.

Wainman, 288. Henry Wayneman, _F_. Hugh Wayneman, _W_ 3.

Wainwright, 277. Thomas Wainwright, _H_. Henry Wainwright, _W_ 2.

Wait, Waite, 183. Ralph le Weyte, _A_. Henry le Weyte, _D_. Robert le Wayte, _H_.

Wake, 301. Thomas le Wake, _B_. John le Wake, _E_.

Wakeman, 301. Jacob Waykman, _F_. Joan Wakeman, _H_.

Waldebeof, 500. Nicholas Waldebeof, _B_.

Waldeslade, 121. William Waldeslade, _R R_.

Walker, 324. Geoffrey le Walkere, _A_. Ralph le Walkere, _T_. Peter le Walkar, _R_.

Wallace, 149. John le Waleis, _B_. Ingleram le Waleys, _B_. Mabil le Walleys, _J_.

Waller, 249. Henry le Wallere, _A_. John le Wallere, _X_. Johann le Wallere, _V_ 9.

Walrand, Walrond, 30. Walrand Clerk, _A_. Walran Oldman, _A_. Wallerand le Tyes, _A_. Robert Wallerond, _G_.

Walsh, 149. Howel le Walsshe, _J_. William le Wales, _A_.

Walshman, 149. Alan Walseman, _R_. William Walssheman, _X_.

Walter, 18, 53. Geoffrey fil. Walter, _A_. Walter le Graunt, _T_.

Walterot, Waltrot, 53. Thomas Waltrot, _H_.

Wand, 461.

Wanhope. Thomas Wanhope, _W_ 11.

Want, 489. Walter le Wante, _J_. John Want, _A_.

Wanter, 238. Richard Wanter, _J_. Henry le Wantur, _A_.

Ward. Thomas le Ward, _A_. John le Ward, _B_.

Wardman. Christopher Wardeman, _W_ 11. Alice Wardeman, _W_ 16.

Warde-dieu, 511. Henry Wardedieu, _F F_.

Wardrop, 205. Adam de la Garderoba, _B_. Thomas de la Wardrobe, _R_.

Wardroper, 205. Elizabeth Wardraper, _Z_. Robert Wardropper, _W_ 17.

Ware. John le Ware, _A_. Peter le Ware, _E_.

Wareing (_v._ Waring), 32.

Warin, Waring, 32. Warin Cruel, _A_. Warin de la Stane, _A_. Robert fil. Warin, _A_.

Warinot, 32. William Warinot, _R_. Robert Warinot, _A_.

Warison, 32. Warinus fil. Warin, _B_. John Warison, _B_. Mabil Warison, _G_.

Warner, 231. Jacke le Warner, _A_. Eustace le Warner, _T_.

Warnett (_v._ Warinot), 32.

Warren (1), 231. Richard de Waren, _A_. (2), 32. Robert fil. Warin, _A_. Warren le Latimer, _H_.

Warrener, 231. William le Warrener, _A_. Thomas le Warrener, _H_.

Warson (_v._ Warison), 32.

Washer, 362. John Wasshere, _X_. Gregory Wassher, _V_ 3.

Wason (_v._ Warison), 32.

Wasp, 498. Roger le Waps, 498 _n_.

Wastehose, 457. Emma Wastehose, _B_. Richard Wastehose, _J_.

Wastel, 366. Richard Wastel, _H_.

Wasteler, 366. John Wasteler, _M_.

Watchorn, 461. Isaac Watchorn, 461 _n_. Henry Watchorn, _P P_.

Water (1), 115. Walter atte Watre, _X_. John de la Watre, _A_. (2), 53. Wauter Goldbeter, _G_. Wattare Taylor, _v._ p. 53 _n_. Water le Chesman, _N N_.

Waterbearer, 410. Richard Waterbearer, _H_.

Waterleader, 410. William Waterleader, _D_.

Waterman, 410. Adam le Waterman, _A_. Robert le Waterman, _A_.

Waters (_v._ Water), 54.

Watersmith, 283. William Watersmith, _M_.

Waterson, 54. William Watterson, _W_ 11. John Waterson, _W_ 16.

Watkins, Watkin, 54. Thomas ap Watkyn, _B_. Richard Watkins, _H_. Nicholas Watkin, _W_ 16.

Watkinson, 54. Thomas Watkynson, _H_. John Watkynson, _Z Z_.

Watson, 54. Humfrey fil. Walter, _T_. Joan Wattson, _W_ 2.

Watte, 54. Wat le Chevaller, _A_. Wat le Creyer, _G_. Watte fil. William _DD_.

Watts (_v._ Watson), 54. John Wattys, _W_ 20.

Waxmaker, 387. John Wexmaker, _F_.

Wayte, 184. Ralph le Wayte, _B_. Stephen le Wayte, _T_.

Weaselhead, 447. Antony Wiselheade, _Z Z_.

Weathercock. John Wedercoc, _E_.

Weatherhead, Weatherherd, (_v._ Wetherherd), 267. William Wederherd, _W_ 1. Richard Wetherherd, _A_.

Weaver, 322. Bennet Wever, _H_. Richard le Wovere, _M_.

Webbe, 322. Elyas le Webbe, _A_. Roger le Webbe, _B_. Simon le Webbe, _N_.

Webber, 321. Robert le Webber, _B_. Clarice le Webbere, _B_.

Webster, 321. John le Webestre, _A_. John le Webstere, _G_.

Weeks, 44. William Weeks, _Z Z_. John Weks, _Z Z_.

Weeper, 469. John le Weper, _A_. Henry le Weper, _A_.

Weigher, 411. Henry le Waiur, _A_.

Weightman, 411. John Weightman, _Z Z_.

Welcome, 512. John Welcome, _Z Z_.

Welfare, 512. Simon Welfare, _A_.

Weliking, 443. Alice Weliking, _A_.

Well (_v._ Atwell), 113. Jordan atte Welle, _M_. Henry de la Welle, _A_.

Wellbelove, Wellbeloved, 474. William Welbilove, _O_. Charles Wellbeloved, 420 _n_.

Weller, 113.

Wells (_v._ Well), 113.

Welman, 113.

Welsh (_v._ Walsh), 149. Henry Welsh, 149 _n_.

Welshman (_v._ Walshman). Lewis Welsheman, _X X_ 1.

Wenman, 288. Thomas Weynman, _F_. Thomas Wenman, _Z_.

West, 150. Simon West, _R_. Emma West, _A_.

West-end, 115. Mabil ate Westende, _A_. William atte Westende, _M_.

Westrop, 137.

Westrys, 150. Richard le Westreys, _T_. Roger le Westereys, _A_. Geoffrey le Westreys, _V_ 8.

Wetherhead, Wetherherd, (_v._ Weatherherd), 267. John Wetherhird, _O_.

Whaite, 184. Robert le Whayte, _B_.

Whale, 497. Thomas le Whal, _B_. Ralph le Wal, _A_.

Wheeler, 277. Robert le Whelere, _G_. Hugh le Welere, _A_.

Wheelwright, 277. Walter Welwryghte, _A_. Alan Quelewrighte, _W_ 2. John Quwelewright, _W_ 9.

Whelk, 497 _n_. Matilda le Welke, _A_.

Welkshorn, 497 _n_. William Welkeshorn, _A_.

Whirlpeny, 483. Ralph Whirlepeni, _A_.

Whitbread, 367, 508. Henry Whitbread, _H_. William Whitebread, _Z_.

Whitbred, 367, 508. William Wytebred, _A_. John Whitebread, _C_.

Whitbeard, 449. Philip Wytberd, _J_. William Witberd, _R_.

White, 445. Stephen le Whyte, _B_. Roger le White, _G_. Hugh le Wyt, _A_.

Whiteflesh, 442. William Whiteflesh, _A_.

Whitehair, 448. William Whiteheare, _v._ p. 448. George Whitehair, _Q Q_.

Whitehand, 442. Gilbert Whithand, _T_. William Whitehand, 442. Humbert Whitehand, _P P_.

Whitehead, 447. Reginald Whiteved, _T_. Rauf Whytehed, _W_ 2. Henry Quytheved, _R_. John Qhwiteheved, _W_ 9.

Whitehorn, 461. John Wytthorne, _H H_. George Wythorne, _H H_.

Whitehorse, 145, 485. Walter de Whitehorse, _C_. Walter Whithors, _R R_ 1.

Whiteking, 176 _n_., 505. Roger Wyteking, _K_.

Whiteknave, 505. Acelin Wyteknave, _A_.

Whitelamb, 491 _n_. Isabel Whitlamb, _W_ 14.

Whitelock, 447. Henry Wytloc, _A_. William Witloc, _A_.

Whiteman, 445. William Whytman, _B_. Audrey Whiteman, _Z_.

Whiter, 328.

White-richard, 504. Richard Whyt-rychard, _J_.

Whiting, 497.

Whiteslade, 121. Richard de Wytslade, _H_. Ralph Wyttslayd, _DD_.

Whitesmith, 281. Robert le Withsmyth, _A_. William le Wytesmyth, _M_.

Whitlock, 447. Philip Whytelock, _G_. John Whitelock, _P_.

Whitster, 328.

Whitsunday, 62. William Wytesoneday, _A_.

Whittaker, 134. Richard de Whytacre, _J_. Jordan de Whitacre, _R_.

Whittear, Whittier, 331. Thomas le Wytewere, _A_. Geoffrey le Whitetawier, _N_. Eustace le Wittowere, _A_.

Whittle, 455.

Whitworth, 134.

Whityer (_v._ Whittier), 331.

Whyman, 272.

Wick, 114. Henry de la Wyk, _A_. Richard at Wyke, _M_.

Wickend, 114. John de la Wykend, _A_.

Wickerson, 44.

Wickins, 44.

Wickman. Richard Wycman, _A_.

Widehose, 457. Richard Wydhose, _A_.

Widowson (1), 429. William le Wedwesone, _R_. Simon fil. Vidue, _A_. William Widowson, _Z_. (2), 429 _n_. William fil. Wydo, _A_. William fil. Wydonis, _E_ (_v._ Guy).

Wight, 433.

Wightman, 433. Gilbert Wyghtman, _B_. William Wightman, _P_.

Wilcocks, 15, 44. Willecoccus Russell, _A_. Wylekoc Hervy, _A_. William Wilkokys, _H_.

Wilcockson, 15, 44. Richard Wylcokson, _F_. John ap Wilcok, _B_.

Wilcox (_v._ Wilcocks), 15, 44.

Wilcoxon (v. Wilcockson), 15, 44.

Wild, 484. Nicholas le Wild, _A_. William le Wild, _M_.

Wildblood, 484. Richard Wyldeblode, _W_ 9.

Wildbœf, 500. Amice le Wildebœf, _A_. David Wyldebuff, _A_.

Wildbore, 491. Robert Wildboar, _M_. Richard Wildbore, _Z Z_.

Wild, Wilde, Walter le Wilde, _A_. Emma la Willde, _A_.

Wildgoose, 494. John Wildgoose, _Z_. Edric Wildegos, _G G_. Ursula Wildgoose, _T T_.

Wildsmith, 283. Thomas Wildsmith, _W_ 16.

Wilfull, 464. William le Wilfulle, _A_.

Wilkins, Wilkin, 44. Wilkin le Furmager, _O_. Wilekin fil. Austen, _C_. Ralph Wylkyns, _F_. Dorothy Wilkin, _W_ 16.

Wilkinson, 44. John Wylkynson, _F_. Christopher Wilkynson, _H_.

Wilks, 44. Henry Wylkys, _F_. Elizabeth Wilkes, _Z_.

Willert (_v._ Willett), 44.

Willett (_v._ Willott), 44. Thomas Wylott, _F_.

William, 41. William fil. Karoli, _T_. William fil. Letitiæ, _T_.

Williamet (_v._ Wilmot), 44. Willametta Cantatrix, _E_. Gwillimett, _E_.

Williams (_v._ Williamson), 44. John Willyams, _X X_ 1. Richard Williamys, _X X_ 1.

Williamot (_v._ Wilmot), 16, 44. Gilemota Carrecke, _W_ 2. John Willimote, 48 _n_.

Williamson, 44. John fil. William, _C_. Avice fil. William, _T_. Thomas Williamssone, _X X_ 1.

Willis, 44. Robert Willys, _F_.

Willison, 44. Richard Willyson, _F_. Richard Wyllyson, _V_ 2.

Willmot (_v._ Wilmot), 16, 44.

Willott, 44. Richard Wylyot, _A_. Thomas Wiliot, _J_. John Wylot, _M_.

Wills, 44. Richard Willes, _A_. Hamon Wills, _Z_.

Willsher, 147. Richard Wilteshire, _B_. Almaric de Wilteshire, _Z_. William de Wiltesire, _M M_.

Wilmot, 44. John Wylemot, _M_. Wilmot Furze, _Z_. John Wylmott, _F_.

Wilson, 44. Robert Wylson, _F_. Americ Wylson, _W_ 3.

Wimpeny, 482.

Wimpler (_v._ Wympler), 341. Henry le Wimpler, _A_. William le Wympler, _N_.

Winder, 399. John le Winder, _A_. Richard le Windere, _A_.

Winlove, 474. Hugh Winne-love, _M_.

Windmillward, 275 _n_. William Wyndmilward, _D_.

Winner, 275. Roger le Wyner, _R_.

Winpeny, 482.

Winsome, 443. Matilda Wensom, _A_.

Winspear, 462.

Winter, 378. Adam le Wyneter, _R_. John Winter, _H_.

Winthrop, 137. Bartholomew Wintrup, _W_ 16. John Wynthropp, _Z_.

Wiredrawer. William le Wirdrawere, _X_. Rauf le Wyrdrawere, _X_.

Wisdom. Stephen Wysdom, _A_. William Wisdom, _E_.

Wise, 463. Thomas le Wise, _A_. Ernald le Wyse, _T_.

Wisebeard, 449. John Wisebeard, _H H_. Ellen Wisebeard, _H H_.

Wiseman, 305. John Wyseman, _H_. William Wysman, _X_.

Withecomb, 125. Robert Wythecomb, _M_.

Withibeard (_v._ Beard), 449. John Wytheberd, _R R_ 1. Peter Wi-the-berd, _D_.

Withipoll, 182. Poule Withipoule, _C C_ 4. Edmund Withipole, _T T_. Sir William Withipole, _V_ 6.

Without-the-town, 138. Robert Withoutentoun, _A_.

Witty, 465. Thomas Witte, _A_. Thedric le Witte, _A_.

Wolf, 488. Adam le Wolf, _H_. Philip le Wolf, _M_.

Wolfenden, 118. Robert Wolveden, _W_ 9. Robert Wolfenden, _Z Z_.

Wolfhunt, 237. Richard le Wulfhunt, _A_. Walter le Wolfhunt, _B_. John Wolfhunte, _G_.

Wolsey, 169. Johanna Wolsy, _X_.

Wonte, 145. Reginald de la Wonte, _A_.

Wood, 110. John atte Wode, _B_. Richard de la Wode, _A_.

Woodale, Woodall, (_v._ Woodwale), 495.

Woodard (_v._ Woodward), 231. Alan Wodard, _A_.

Woodcock, 494. Wydo Wodecok, _A_. Walter Wodekok, _B_.

Wooder, 264, 323. Roger le Woder, _H_. Thomas le Wodere, _M_. Robert le Woder, _E_.

Woodgate, 129. Richard atte Wodegate, _M_.

Woodhaye, 133. Thomas de la Woodhaye, _A_. Richard de la Wodehaye, _R_.

Woodhewer, 264. Robert le Wodehyewere, _H_.

Woodhird, 269. Richard le Wodehird, _A_. William le Wodehirde, _M_.

Woodhouse, 131. Petronil de la Wodehouse, _B_. John atte Wodehouse, _X_.

Woodkeeper, 231. Thomasine Woodkeeper, _T T_.

Woodlark, 494. Robert Wodelark, _H_.

Woodman, 113, 264, 323. Eudo Wudeman, _A_. Alan Wodeman, _B_.

Woodmonger, 264, 403. Robert Wudemongere, _A_.

Woodreefe, Woodroff, 231. John Woodrofe, _W_ 18. Walter Woderove, _A_.

Woodrow, 231. Hugh Woderoue, _A_. Ralph Woderoue, _A_.

Woodruff, 231. George Woodruffe, _Z_. Edmund Woodruff, _Z_.

Woodshend, 114. Adam de Wodeshend, _A_. John Wodeshend, _W_ 8.

Woodus (_v._ Woodhouse), 131. Richard del Wodehus, _A_.

Woodward, 231. Aylward le Wodeward, _A_. Walter le Wodeward, _B_. William le Wodeward, _G_.

Woodwale, Woodwall, 495.

Woodyat, Woodyate, (_v._ Woodgate), 129. William de Wudyate, _E_.

Woodyear (_v._ Wooder), 113.

Woodyer (_v._ Wooder), 113.

Wooer, 474. Hugh le Wewer, _R_. John le Wower, _A_.

Wooeress, 474. Emma Woweres, _A_.

Woolard (_v._ Woolward), 459.

Woolbeater, 326. John Wollebeter, 326 _n_.

Woolbuyer, 319. Geoffrey le Wollebyer, _M_.

Woolcombe, 125.

Wooler, 318. David le Woller, _C_. John Wooler (Maitland’s London).

Woolman, 318. Agnes Woleman, _G_. Walter Woleman, _J_.

Woolmonger, 319. Walter le Wollemonger, _A_. Morekin le Wolemongere, _A_. Roger le Wolmonger, _M_.

Woolpacker, 319.

Woolward, 459. Geoffrey Woleward, _A_. Reginald Wolleward, _N_. Michael Wollward, _J_.

Workman. Gilbert le Worcman, _A_. John Workman, _T T_.

Worship, 511. Thomas Worthship, _G_. Hugh Worshipp, _Z_.

Worth, 134. Richard de la Worthe, _A_. Reginald de la Wurth, _E_.

Wortley, 134.

Would-have, 483. Robert Would-have, _W_ 16.

Wrangservice, 424. Thomas Wrangeservis, _M_.

Wray (_v._ Ray), 489.

Wren, 494. Geoffrey Wren, _O_. Alice Wrenn, _A_.

Wright, 277. Richard le Wryght, _M_. Roger le Wricte, _A_. Margery le Wrytte, _A_.

Wrightson, 65. Ann Wrighteson, _W_ 9. John Wrightson, _Z_. Michael Wrightson, _W_ 16.

Writer, 406.

Wulfketel, 24. William Ulfketel, _E_. Wulfkeytl, p. 24.

Wyatt, 36. Wyot fil. Helias, _DD_. Wyott Carpentarius, _A_. Wyot Balistarius, _E_.

Wyld (_v._ Wild).

Wyman, 272.

Wympler (_v._ Wimpler), 341. John le Wympler, _X_. Alan le Wympler, _A_.

Yates, 129. John atte Yate, _B_. John At-yates, _F F_. Henry atte Yate, _M_. Roger atte Yate, _H_.

Yeame (_v._ Eame), 429.

Yeatherd, 266.

Yeatman, 266.

Yellowhair, 448. Thomas Yalowehair, _E_.

Yeoman, 253. William Yeaman, _Z_.

Yeomanson. Robert Yomanson, _F_.

Yoman (_v._ Yeoman), 253.

Yonge (_v._ Young), 433. William le Yonge, _B_. John le Yonge, _A_.

Yongeman, 433. William Yongeman, _M_.

Young, 431. Richard le Yunge, _L_. Ralph le Younge, _A_.

Youngebond, 505. Nicholas le Yongebond, _M_.

Younger, 432. Robert Yonger, _W_ 3. William Yongere, _M_.

Younghusband, 505. Roger le Yonghusband, _G_. Thomas le Younghusbond, _M_.

Young-John, 503.

Youngman, 382. William le Yungeman, _B_. William Yungman, _R_.

Youngservant. Ricardus Yongesuaynt, _X X_ 3.

Youngsmith, 283, 505. John Yongsmith, _F_. Bartholomew Youngesmithe, _W_ 13.

Yule, 62. John Yule, _Q_.

Zabulon, 100. Zabulon Clerke, _Z_.

Zachæus, 100. Zachæus Ivott, _T T_.

LONDON: PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE AND PARLIAMENT STREET

_Now publishing in Twenty-four Monthly Parts, quarto, at Five Shillings, profusely Illustrated by Plates and Wood Engravings; with each part will also be issued a Splendid Coloured Plate, from an Original Painting or Illumination, of Royal and Noble Personages and National Costume, both Foreign and Domestic._

THE

CYCLOPÆDIA OF COSTUME;

OR, A

_DICTIONARY OF DRESS_,

Regal, Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Military.

_From the Earliest Period in England to the Reign of George the Third._

INCLUDING NOTICES OF CONTEMPORANEOUS

FASHIONS ON THE CONTINENT;

AND PRECEDED BY

_A General History of the Costumes_

OF THE

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF EUROPE.

BY

J. R. PLANCHÉ SOMERSET HERALD.

------------------

CHATTO & WINDUS, Publishers, PICCADILLY, W.

ADVERTISEMENT.

In collecting materials for a History of Costume of more importance than the little Handbook which has met with so much favour as an elementary work, I was not only made aware of my own deficiencies, but surprised to find how much more vague are the explanations and contradictory the statements of our best authorities than they appeared to me when, in the plenitude of my ignorance, I rushed upon almost untrodden ground, and felt bewildered by the mass of unsifted evidence and unhesitating assertion which met my eyes at every turn.

During the forty years which have elapsed since the publication of the first edition of my ‘History of British Costume’ in ‘The Library of Entertaining Knowledge,’ archæological investigation has received such an impetus by the establishment of metropolitan and provincial peripatetic antiquarian societies, that a flood of light has been poured upon us, by which we are enabled to re-examine our opinions, and discover reasons to doubt, if we cannot find facts to authenticate.

That the former greatly preponderate is a grievous acknowledgment to make after assiduously devoting the leisure of half my life to the pursuit of information on this, to me, most fascinating subject. It is some consolation, however, to feel that, where I cannot instruct, I shall certainly not mislead, and that the reader will find, under each head, all that is known to or suggested by the most competent writers I am acquainted with, either here or on the Continent.

That this work appears in a glossarial form arises from the desire of many artists who have expressed to me the difficulty they constantly meet in their endeavours to ascertain the complete form of a garment, or the exact mode of fastening a piece of armour, or the buckling of a belt, from their study of a sepulchral effigy or a figure in an illumination; the attitude of the personages represented or the disposition of other portions of their attire effectively preventing the requisite examination.

The books supplying any such information are very few, and the best confined to armour or ecclesiastical costume. The only English publication of the kind required, that I am aware of, is the late Mr. Fairholt’s ‘Costume in England’ (8vo. London, 1846), the last two hundred pages of which contain a glossary; the most valuable portion whereof are the quotations from old plays, mediæval romances, and satirical ballads containing allusions to various articles of attire in fashion at the time of their composition. Twenty-eight years have expired since that book appeared, and it has been thought that a more comprehensive work on the subject than has yet issued from the English press, combining the pith of the information of many costly foreign publications, and in its illustrations keeping in view the special requirements of the artist to which I have alluded, would be, in these days of educational progress and critical inquiry, a welcome addition to the library of an English gentleman.

J. R. PLANCHÉ.

COLLEGE OF ARMS.

FOOTNOTES

Footnote 1:

Proofs of the ignorance of authors and authoresses in regard to surnames might be cited to any extent. The novel of _Aurora Floyd_ is a case in point. When we read the account there given of the ancestry of the heroine, her Scotch descent, &c., and then remember that Floyd is but a corruption (through the difficulty of pronunciation) of the Welsh Lloyd, we may well be pardoned a smile. Walter Scott would never have so committed himself.

Footnote 2:

The following extract will show how patronymic surnames changed at first with each successive generation:—‘Dispensation for Richard _Johnson_, _son_ of _John_ Richardson, of Fishlake, and Evott daug: of Robert Palmer, who have married, although related in the fourth degree. Issued from Rome by Francis, Cardinal of St. Susanna, 30th March, 13th Boniface IX. (1402).’ Test. Ebor. vol. iii. p. 318.

Footnote 3:

Thus we find in the _Manchester Directory_ for 1861, ‘Napoleon Bonaparte Sutton, tripe-seller,’ and ‘Napoleon Stott, skewer-maker.’ Born, doubtless, during the earlier years of the present century, their parents have thus stamped upon their lives the impress of that fearful interest which the name of Napoleon then excited.

Footnote 4:

‘Ithell,’ though now unknown, was once a familiar Christian name. ‘Evan ap Ithell,’ Z.; Jevan ap Ithell, Z.; Ann Ithell, H.H.; Ithell Wynn, A.A.I. ‘Bethell’ as a surname is still sufficiently common in the Principality to keep up a remembrance of the fact.

Footnote 5:

‘Howel’ or ‘Hoel’ was at one time a favourite Welsh baptismal name. We have a ‘Howel le Waleys,’ that is, ‘Howel the Welshman,’ or, as we should now say, ‘Howell Wallace,’ mentioned in the Parliamentary writs of 1313. As I shall show by-and-by, our ‘Powells’ may in some cases, at least, be of more English origin.

Footnote 6:

‘Ot’ and ‘et’ sometimes became ‘elot’ and ‘elet’—‘Robert Richelot’ (w. 15) (from Richard); Crestolot de Eratis (d. d.) (from Christian); ‘Walter Hughelot’ (A.); ‘John Huelot’ (A.) (from Hugh); Constance Hobelot (A.) (from Hobbe); ‘Hamelet de la Burste’ (Cal. and Inv. of Treasury); ‘Richard son of Hamelot’ (A.A. 2) (from Hamon). ‘Hamlet’ and ‘Hewlett’ are the commonest representatives of this class in our existing nomenclature. As a diminutive suffix ‘let’ is found in such words as ‘leaflet,’ ‘bracelet,’ ‘hamlet,’ or ‘ringlet.’

Footnote 7:

The French have, among others of this class, ‘Guyon,’ ‘Philipon,’ ‘Caton’ (Catharine), and ‘Louison.’ Sir Walter Scott, ever most accurate in his nomenclature, makes ‘Marthon’ to be domestic to Hameline de Croye (Quentin Durward). None of these reached England.

Footnote 8:

As a Christian name, however, fashion has again brought it into favour. While the memories that cluster round the name of the Iron Duke live, ‘Arthur’ can never die. Indeed, there are as many ‘Arthur-Wellesleys’ now as there were simple ‘Arthurs’ before the battle of Waterloo.

Footnote 9:

One John Godescalde was in 1298 forbidden to dwell in Oxford, owing to some riot between Town and Gown (Mun. Acad. Oxon. p. 67).

Footnote 10:

Herbert fil. Godman occurs in the ‘Cal. Rot. Pat. in _Turri Londonensi_.’ As a personal name it will belong to the same class as ‘Bateman,’ ‘Coleman,’ ‘Sweteman.’ Such entries as ‘Bateman Gille,’ ‘Thomas Batemanson,’ ‘Richard Batmonson,’ ‘Coleman le Hen,’ ‘Swetman fil. Edith,’ or ‘Sweteman Textor,’ are not unfrequent. ‘Tiddeman’ is of the same class. ‘Tydeman le Swarte’ and ‘Tiddeman Bokere’ both occur in the fourteenth century. All the above are firmly established as surnames. Having referred to ‘Sweetman,’ I may add that ‘Sweet’ itself was a baptismal name. ‘Swet le Bone’ (A), ‘John Swetson’ (‘State Papers, Domestic, 1619–1623’), ‘Adam Swetcoc’ (A).

Footnote 11:

While all these fuller forms are obsolete as surnames, we must not forget that most of them still exist curtailed. From early days ‘kettle’ in compounds became ‘kill’ or ‘kell.’ Thus ‘Thurkettle’ has left us ‘Thurkell’ and ‘Thurkill,’ already mentioned. ‘Osketyl’ has become ‘Oskell’ (‘Oskell Somenour,’ A. A. 3, vol. ii. p. 184). ‘Ulchetel’ was registered as ‘Ulkell’ and ‘Ulchel’ (W. 12, pp. 19, 20). Our ‘Arkells’ (Sim. fil. Arkill, E.), I doubt not, are corruptions of ‘Ansketyl’ or ‘Oscetyl’ or ‘Arketel.’

Footnote 12:

Matthew Paris, under date 1047, says of the bishopric of Selsey, ‘Defuncto Grinketel, Selesiensi pontifice, Hecca regis capellanus successit.’

Footnote 13:

In these same Writs occurs also the name of ‘Hugh Serelson.’ It is possible they are patronymics formed from ‘Cyril,’ but ‘Serle’ is the more probable parent.

Footnote 14:

The ‘Parliamentary Writs’ give us ‘Matthew Arnyet,’ the ‘Hundred Rolls,’ ‘Milisent Arnet.’

Footnote 15:

The ‘Hundred Rolls’ give us a pet addendum in the entry ‘Walter Auberkin.’

Footnote 16:

‘Richard Amberson’ and ‘Robert Amberson’ may be seen in Barret’s _History of Bristol_ (index). If not sprung from ‘Ambrose,’ they will be but a variation of ‘Emberson,’ and one more instance of the change of vowels referred to a few pages further on.

Footnote 17:

As with ‘Brice’ so it is to the Danes we owe many entries in our older records of which ‘Christian’ is the root. As a baptismal name it has always been most common in those parts of the eastern coast of England which have been brought into contact with Denmark by trade. Such names as ‘Joan Cristina,’ ‘Brice Cristian,’ or ‘John fil. Christian,’ frequently occur in mediæval registers. Their descendants are now found as ‘Christian,’ ‘Christy,’ and ‘Christison.’

Footnote 18:

As a proof that ‘Andrew’ and ‘Drew’ were distinct names, we may cite a fact recorded in Mr. Riley’s _Memorials of London_. In the year 1400, Drew Barentyn, twice Lord Mayor, came before the Council, asking to have his name ‘Drew’ set down in the list of those who possessed the freedom of the city, the scribe having entered it as ‘Andrew.’—pp. 554, 555.

Footnote 19:

‘Warren le Latimer’ occurs in the ‘Rolls of Parliament,’ and ‘Fulco Fitz-Warren’ in the ‘Cal. Rot. Pat.’ in _Turri Londonensi_.

Footnote 20:

Ivo de Usegate was Bailiff of York in 1271. A few years after we find the Church of Askam Richard, close to the city, given by William de Archis and Ivetta his wife to the Nunnery of Monkton. In 1729 Alicia Iveson was buried in St. Martin’s, Micklegate. Thus in the one city we have memorials of the male, female, and hereditary use of this name.

Footnote 21:

‘Guido,’ as ‘Wydo,’ is found in such entries as ‘Will. fil. Wydo’ (A), or ‘Will. fil. Wydonis’ (E), hence ‘Widowson’ and ‘Widdowson.’

Footnote 22:

Matthew Rowlett was Master of the Mint to Henry VIII. (_See Pro. Ord. Privy Council_.)

Footnote 23:

‘Robinet of the Hill’ (Y). ‘Richard Robynet’ (H). ‘William Robertot’ (A).

Footnote 24:

We find the diminutive of this form in the name of ‘John Dobynette,’ who is mentioned in an inventory of goods, 1463. (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._)

Footnote 25:

The diminutive ‘Richelot’ was by no means unknown in England. ‘Rikelot, tenant at Wickham’ (Domesday of St. Paul: Cam. Soc.), ‘Robert Richelot’ (Great Roll of the Pipe), ‘Robert Richelot’ (Feodarum Prioratus Dunelm. Sur. Soc.). ‘Rickett’ is probably a corruption of this.

Footnote 26:

The Norman ‘Diccon’ was corrupted into ‘Diggon.’ Spencer begins one of his pastorals thus, Welsh-like:—

‘Diggon Davie, I bid her “Good-day,” Or Diggon her is, or I missay.’

‘Diccon’ was popular among the English peasantry from the twelfth to the eighteenth century.

Footnote 27:

A Richard Mileson entered C. C. Coll., Cam., in 1659 (Masters’ Hist. C.C. Coll.). Edward Myleson occurs in the Calendar to Pleadings (Elizabeth).

Footnote 28:

This rivalry seems to have made its mark upon the popular superstitions of our forefathers, for to this day the _ignis fatuus_ of our marshy districts is called either ‘Will-a-Wisp’ or ‘Jack-a-Lanthorn.’ It at least reminds us that there was a day when every country clown was either ‘Jack’ or ‘Will.’

Footnote 29:

A certain John Willimote, a taverner, was sworn before the Chancellor of Oxford University to sell good beer, 1434. (Mun. Acad. Oxon., p. 595). ‘Williametta Cantatrix.’ (Rot. Lit. Clausarum).

Footnote 30:

A curious spelling of this is found in the entry, ‘Haunce, the Luter, ii.s—vi.d.’ (_Privy Purse Exp. Princess Mary_, p. 104.) ‘Hankin Booby’ was the common name for a clown. (_Chappell’s English Songs_, i. 73.)

‘Thus for her love and loss poor Hankin dies, His amorous soul down flies.’

_Musarum Deliciæ_, 1655.

Footnote 31:

‘Jack’ was really the nickname of Jacobus or James. Jacques was the common name among the peasantry of France, and as a national sobriquet was to that country what John was to England. On its introduction to ourselves, it seems to have been tacitly accepted as but a synonym for John, and has been used as such ever since.

Footnote 32:

‘Sir John’ (‘sir’ being the simple old-fashioned title of respect, as in ‘sir knight,’ ‘sir king,’ &c.) was the familiar expression for a priest. Bishop Bale speaks of them as ‘babbling Sir Johns.’ Bradford, too, writing on the Mass, asks, ‘Who then, I say, will excuse these mass-gospellers’ consciences? Will the Queen’s highness? She shall then have more to do for herself than, without hearty and speedy repentance, she can ever be able to answer, though Peter, Paul, Mary, James, John, the Pope and all his prelates, take her part, with all the singing “Sir Johns” that ever were, are, and shall be.’—_Bishop Bradford’s Works._ Park. Soc., p. 391.

Footnote 33:

Thus Thomas Hale, a Puritan, writing in 1660 against May Games, has some verses in which the Maypole is represented as saying—

I have a mighty retinue, The scum of all the raskall crew Of fidlers, pedlers, jayle scaped slaves, Of tinkers, turncoats, tospot knaves, Of theeves and scape-thrifts many a one, With bouncing Besse and jolly Jone.

Footnote 34:

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a popular sobriquet for Jane or Joan was ‘Jugg.’ In Espinasses’ ‘Lancashire Worthies,’ Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is familiarly styled ‘Jugg.’ A song of James I.’s reign says—

‘_Joan_, Siss, and Nell, shall all be ladified, Instead of hay carts, in coaches shall ride.’

This is Mr. Chappell’s version. (_English Songs_, i. 327.) In Hunter’s ‘Hallamshire,’ it runs—

‘_Jugg_, Cis, and Nell, shall all be ladified.’

A ballad of Queen Anne’s reign represents John, the swain, as singing—

‘My heart and all’s at thy command, And tho’ I’ve never a foot of land, Yet six fat ewes and one milch cow, I think, my Jug, is wealth enow.’ (_Pills to Purge Melancholy_, i. 293.)

Footnote 35:

In the _Athenæ Oxoniensis_ the account of Martin Marprelate begins ‘John Penry, or Ap-Henry, that is, the son of Henry, better known by the name of Martin Marprelate, or Marpriest, &c.’ (Edit. 1813, vol. i. p. 591.)

Footnote 36:

An uncouth spelling of this is met with in the De Lacy Inquisition, where the entry occurs: ‘Henry, son of Holekyn, for 17½ acres of land, 4_s._ 6_d._ (Cheth. Soc., p. 12.) ‘King Hal’ is still familiar to us.

Footnote 37:

‘To Garrett Jonson, for shoes, x_s._ x_d._’ ‘To Garratt Jonson, for shoes, iii_s._’ (Hous. Exp. Princess Eliz., Cam. Soc., pp. 16–18.)

Footnote 38:

‘The account of Wattare Taylor and Wyllyam Partrynge, beynge churchewardens, in the xxxii. yere of the rayne of Kyng Henry the eighth, A.D. 1541.’ (Ludlow: Churchwardens’ Accounts, p. 6, Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 39:

Agnes Antonison is found in the ‘Proc. in Chancery.’ (Elizabeth.)

Footnote 40:

Fuller, in his _Book of Worthies_, writes:—‘St. Anthony is universally known for the patron of hogs, having a pig for his page in all pictures, though for what reason is unknown, except, because being a hermit, and having a well or hole digged in the earth, and having his general repast on roots, he and hogs did in some sort enter common both in their diet and lodging.’

Footnote 41:

Thus in the comedy of the ‘Western Lass’ (circa 1720) the heroine sings:—

‘Is Love finer than money, Or can it be sweeter than honey? I’m, poor girl, such a Toney, Evads, that I cannot guess.’

Footnote 42:

‘To our well-beloved servaunt, Antony Lambeson.’ (Grants of Ed. V. Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 43:

‘Walter fil. Kitte.’ (Household Exp. Bishop Swinfield, p. 170, Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 44:

In the ‘Romaunt of the Rose,’ it is said—

‘For right no more than Gibbe, our cat, That awaiteth mice and rattes to killen, Ne entend I but to beguilen.’

In Peele’s ‘Edward I.,’ too, the Novice says to the Friar—

‘Now, Master, as I am true wag, I will be neither late, nor lag, But go and come with gossips cheer, Ere Gib, our cat, can lick her ear.’

Footnote 45:

Hence the old term, ‘flibber-gib,’ or ‘flitter-gibbett,’ employed by Latimer, Burton, &c.; and later, by Walter Scott, for one of vile propensities.

Footnote 46:

A notorious rascal named ‘Gybby Selby’ is mentioned in ‘Calendar of State Papers’ for 1562. This accords with ‘Robert Gybbyson,’ found in the Corpus Christi Guild, York, a few years earlier.

Footnote 47:

‘Item, payde to Hew Watson, for a bawdrike to the first belle, x_d._’ (1546.) (Churchwardens’ Accounts at Ludlow, Camden Soc.) ‘Item, for markynge of Hew Davis’ pew, xii_d._’ (1552.) (do.)

Footnote 48:

‘Hugyn held of the same Earl an oxgang of land.’ (De Lacy Inquisit., Cheth. Soc., p. 6.) ‘Huckin’ seems to be a corruption of ‘Hughkin.’ ‘Hughkin Byston’ occurs in ‘Wills and Inventories.’ (Cheth. Soc., i. 142.)

Footnote 49:

A servant of King Henry III. was called by the simple and only name of ‘Pentecostes.’ (Inquisit. 13 Ed. I. No. 13.)

Footnote 50:

In the old published orders for the sheriff’s annual riding in the city of York, occurs this rule among others:—

‘Also, we command that no manner of men walk in the city, nor in the suburbs by night, without Torch before him, _i.e._ from _Pasche_ to Michaelmas after ten of the clock, and from Michaelmas to _Pasche_ after nine of the clock.’ These rules are thus prefaced. ‘The sheriffs, by the custom of the city, do ride to several parts thereof every year, betwixt Michaelmas and _Midwinter_, that is _Yoole_.’ (‘Hist. and Ant. York,’ vol. ii. p. 54.) Lancashire Easter-eggs are still called Pace-eggs.—The harder ‘Paske’ is found in Wicklyffe’s Version of Matt. xxvi. 1:—‘Whaune Jhesus hadde endid all these words he seide to his disciplis, ye weten that after tweyn days, Paske schal be made.’

Footnote 51:

Richard Domesdaye was Rector of Caldecote, Norfolk, in 1435. (Blomefield). This would be synonymous with ‘Termday.’

Footnote 52:

I see, however, from the Clerical Directory, that ‘Hindson’ is still in existence. A ‘Nicholas Hopperson’ is found in an old college register for 1582. (Hist. C. C. Coll. Cam.)

Footnote 53:

This name seems to have been very popular in Yorkshire. The instances given in the index are taken from papers relating to that county. Thus, again, we find it occurring in the marriage dispensations and licences of the period. ‘Dispensation from Selow for Richard de Akerode and Emmotte de Greenwood to marry, they being related in the fourth degree. Issued from Rome by Jordan Bishop of Alba, Apr. 27th, 3rd Eugenius IV.’ (1433.)—(Test. Ebor. vol. iii. p. 317); ‘Licence to the Vicar of Bradford to marry Roger Prestwick and Emmote Crossley. Banns thrice in one day.’ (1466.)—Do. p. 338.

Footnote 54:

We must not forget that at first a certain strangeness must have been felt in terming a woman by such a contradictory sobriquet as ‘Alice John_son_’ or ‘Parnel Sim_son_.’ The feminine desinence was occasionally attempted. ‘Alicia Thom_doghter_’ is found in the ‘Test. Ebor.’ (Sur. Soc.), ‘Isabella Peers_doghter_’ and ‘Isolda Peers_doghter_’ in Feod. Prior. Dunelm. (Sur. Soc.), and ‘Avice Matte_wife_’ in the ‘Issue Roll.’

Footnote 55:

‘Item, I gyffe to Sicille Metcalfe, my sister’s doughter, 20_s._’—‘Richmondshire Wills,’ p. 128.

Footnote 56:

A curious proof of the popularity of this pet form is met with in the Manor of ‘Ashton-under-Lyne’ (Ch. Soc.). In a community of some 20 or 25 families were the following:—‘Syssot, wife of Patrick,’ ‘Syssot, wife of Diccon Wilson,’ ‘Syssot, wife of Thomas the Cook,’ and ‘Syssot, wife of Jak of Barsley.’ Robert Syssottysone, Rector of Lecceworthe, 1478 (xx. 2, p. 187).

Footnote 57:

In the Corpus Christi Guild, York, 1433 (Sur. Soc.), Dyot is feminine. There is set down, ‘Robert Hayne et Dyot uxor.’ The patronymic ‘Diotson’ is found in the same register.

Footnote 58:

I say ‘perhaps’ because it may be but a corruption of the local Mapleston.

Footnote 59:

Sabyn or Sabina is frequently met with in the Hundred Rolls, as also Sybyl, referred to in the line before. A church at Rome was dedicated to a St. Sabina. Sybyl has bequeathed us ‘Sibson.’ In Cocke Lorelles Bote, one of the personages introduced is ‘Sybby Sole, mylke wyfe of Islynton.’

Footnote 60:

Jack and Jill seem ever to have been associated.

Will squabbled in a tavern very sore, Because one brought a _gill_ of wine no more; Fill me a quart, quoth he, I’m called Will, The proverbe is, each _Jack_ shall have his _Gill_.

_Satyricall Epigrams_, 1619.

Footnote 61:

One can scarce forbear a smile to find in the ‘Townley Mysteries’ Noah’s wife, being pressed by her husband to enter the ark, replying—

Sir, for Jak nor for Gille Wille I turne my face Tille I have on this hille Spun a space upon my rok (distaft).

Footnote 62:

We must not forget a once familiar corruption of the diminutive ‘Juliet’ into ‘Juet.’ Such entries as ‘Juetta fil. William’ (T.), ‘Richard fil. Juetta’ (T.), ‘William Juet’ (A.), or ‘Christopher Jewitson’ (Z.) are very common in the rolls of the xiiith and xivth centuries. This, in the North, was pronounced ‘Jowet,’ hence such entries as ‘Roger fil. Jowettæ’ (T.), ‘Jowet Barton’ (W. 11), and our surname ‘Jowett.’ ‘Jewitt’ also exists. One of this name was a jockey in the Derby of 1874.

Footnote 63:

So, also, in another place the same translator says: ‘The kyngdom of hevenes is lyk to a marchaunt that seekith gode margarites, but whanne he hath founde one precious margarite, he wente and solde alle thingis that he hadde and boughte it.’—Matt. xiii. 45, 46. Foxe too, in his ‘Book of Martyrs,’ quotes Isidorus to the effect that John the Apostle ‘turned certain pieces of wood into gold, and stones by the seaside into margarites.’—Vol. i. p. 28, edit. 1844.

Footnote 64:

‘Barbara,’ as another Greek virgin-martyr, may be set beside Margaret. ‘Barbe’ was the French form. As we shall see by-and-by, our ‘Simbarbes’ and ‘Simbarbs’ hail from St. Barbe in Normandy. (Jordan de St. Barbe, M., Thomas Seyntbarbe, B.) The Hundred Rolls register three pet forms as surnames. ‘Bertol Babbe,’ ‘John Barbot,’ and ‘Nicholas Barbelot.’ The latter belongs to the class in _elot_ of which ‘Robelot,’ ‘Hewelot’ and ‘Hamelot’ are instances.

Footnote 65:

The various forms of the diminutive are found as Christian names in the ‘Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne’ (Ch. Soc.), where occur such entries as ‘Magot, that was wife of Richard,’ ‘Merget of Staley,’ ‘Marget of Stanly,’ ‘Mergret, that was wife of Hobbe.’—pp. 96–7.

Footnote 66:

Since writing the above, I find several notices in Brand’s ‘Popular Antiquities’ which, while corroborating the view I have taken, shed a clearer light as to Maid Marian’s other sobriquet of ‘Malkin.’ In his allusion to the Morris dances, he quotes Beaumont and Fletcher as saying—

‘Put on the shape of order and humanity, Or you must marry Malkin, the May-lady.’

Thus far, then, adding this to Mr. Halliwell’s quotation, we find that Maid Marian for several centuries was also ‘Malkin.’ But we must remember that it was during this very period that Robin Hood and his mistress were popularly believed to be Robert, Earl of Huntingdon, and Matilda, daughter of Lord Fitzwalter. That the May Queen, therefore, should be occasionally styled ‘Malkin’ will appear natural enough if we accept the view of the origin of that name as recorded in the text. But it may be asked how did she get the sobriquet of ‘Marian’? Perhaps Mr. Steevens’s quotation from an old play, ‘The Downfall of Rob. Earl of Huntingdon,’ dated 1401, may help us—

‘Next ’tis agreed (if thereto she agree) That fair Matilda henceforth change her name; And, while it is the chance of Robin Hoode To live in Sherwodde a poor outlaw’s life, She by Maid Marian’s name be called.’

Footnote 67:

It has been thought by some that our ‘Makins’ and ‘Makinsons’ are from Matthew, and not in any way connected with feminine nomenclature. This may be so, for although there is the entry ‘Maykina Parmunter’ in the Parliamentary Rolls, there is also ‘Maykinus Lappyng’ in Materials for Hist. Reign of Henry VII.

Footnote 68:

Thomas Mawdeson (F. F.) would lead one to suppose that Mawson was a direct corruption. It may be so, but ‘Maw’ itself seems to have existed as a pet form of Maud. In the ‘De Lacy Inquisition’ (1311) there occurs ‘Richard, son of Mawe, for 25 acres, etc.’—p. 10 (Chelt. Soc.)

Footnote 69:

The preceding paragraphs will sufficiently answer, I doubt not, the questions of correspondents in ‘Notes and Queries,’ as to whether we have _any_ surnames derived from female baptismal names.

Footnote 70:

Elizabeth came into use too late to leave any mark upon our surnames. I have not come across, to the best of my remembrance, a single instance in any record earlier than the fifteenth century. ‘Bess,’ or ‘Bessie,’ was the first pet name formed from it, and this very probably began to grow into favour about the time of Elizabeth Woodville’s marriage. With the proud imperious Queen Bess, however, came in every conceivable variety that could be played upon the name, ‘Betsey,’ or ‘Betsy,’ ‘Betty,’ ‘Eliza,’ ‘Lizzie,’ and ‘Libbie’ being the favourites. The first ‘Bessie’ I find is that of ‘Bessye Tripps,’ 1558; the first ‘Betty’ being that of ‘Bettye Sheile,’ 1580, both being in a Newcastle will. Betty for two centuries was, perhaps, the form most in favour in aristocratic circles. How fickle is fashion! It is entirely tabooed there in the nineteenth.

Footnote 71:

Thomas and John Ibson are recorded in the ‘Corpus Christi Guild,’ York. (Surt. Soc.)

Footnote 72:

‘George Hall et Ezota uxor ejus.’ York Guild (W. 11).

Footnote 73:

‘Hamne, son of Adecok, held 29 acres.’ (De Lacy Inquis. p. 19, Ch. Soc.)

Footnote 74:

A proof that this origination is correct is found in a York will dated 1391. William de Kyrkby bequeaths articles to ‘Evæ uxori Johannes Parvying,’ and to ‘Willielmo de Rowlay,’ and then at the close he speaks of them as the aforementioned ‘Evotam et dictum Willielmum Rowlay.’ (Test. Elor., vol. i. p. 145–6. Surt. Soc.) An old London record, dated 1379, contains amongst other names those of ‘Custance Busshe’ and ‘Evota de Durham.’ The owner would be familiarly known among her acquaintances as ‘Evote’ or ‘Evette.’ (_Memorials of London_, p. 435.)

Footnote 75:

‘Sacred to the memory of George Higgott,’ etc. Bonsall Church, Derbyshire. The more common form is ‘Higgett.’

Footnote 76:

‘Dawe Robson, et Alicia uxor ejus.’ (W. 11.)

Footnote 77:

‘Damsel’ is, of course, the diminutive of this. As a surname, it is found in the cases of ‘Simon Damesell’ (H.R.) and ‘Lawrence Damysell’ (W. 2). Other diminutives are met with in ‘Damietta Porcell’ (Hist. and Ant. Survey, index), ‘Damietta Avenell’ (F. F.), ‘Dametta fil. Morell’ (D. D.); hence as surnames our ‘Damets,’ ‘Dametts,’ ‘Damiots,’ and ‘Domitts.’ Entries like ‘Alice Damyett’ (Z), ‘Hugh Damiot’ (A), ‘Henry Damett’ (R), and ‘Henry Domet’ (A) are common.

Footnote 78:

Thomas Jordanson and Margery Jordanson occur in ‘Three Lancashire Documents’ (Cheth. Soc.).

Footnote 79:

‘Jud,’ now the pet form of George, was formerly that of Jordan. In Gower’s lines, already quoted, it is said—

‘Hudde’ ferit, quem ‘Judde’ terit,

This reminds us of Aron Judde in the Hundred Rolls.

Footnote 80:

Dean Stanley seems to have the impression that this custom was confined to the pilgrims of Italy and Spain. In his _Sinai and Palestine_, page 333, he says: ‘The name of the river has in Italy and Spain, by a natural association, been turned into a common Christian name for children at the hour of baptism, which served to connect them with it.’ Judging by existing traces merely, I doubt whether the practice was quite so familiar in those countries as our own.

Footnote 81:

Ellicot seems to be a sort of feminine from Elisota. ‘Item do et lego Elisotæ domicellæ meæ 40_s._’ (Will of William de Aldeburgh, 1391. Test. Ebor. vol. i. p. 151.) ‘Item, lego Elisotæ, uxori Ricardi Bustard unam vaccam et 10_s._’ (Will of Patrick de Barton, 1391. Test. Ebor. vol. i. p. 155.)

Footnote 82:

We cannot but believe, however, that in many instances these two are but the offspring of ‘Alice,’ at this period one of the most popular of female names. Nor must we forget that Alison was itself a personal name, this being the Norman-French pet form of Alice, after the fashion of Marion, Louison, Beaton, etc. We are all acquainted with the ‘Alison’ of the ‘Canterbury Tales’—

‘This Alison answered: Who is there That knocketh so? I warrant him a thefe.’

We meet with it again in an old Yorkshire will: ‘Item, to Symkyn, and Watkyn and Alison Meek, servandes of John of Bolton, to ilk on of yaim (them) 26_s._ 8_d._’ (Test. Ebor., vol. iii p. 21. Surtees. Soc.) This name is found in our more formal registers in such an entry as ‘Alison Gelyot.’ (Parl. Rolls.) With regard to ‘Alis’ and ‘Elis,’ and ‘Alison’ and ‘Elison,’ recorded in the text, I may remind the reader that A and E were all but convertible letters with the Normans. One of their favourite female names, that of ‘Aveline,’ is found equally often as ‘Eveline,’ and in the form of ‘Evelyn’ it came down to the distinguished writer of the seventeenth century. ‘Arnold’ and ‘Ernold,’ ‘Americ’ and ‘Emeric,’ ‘Amelia’ and ‘Emilia,’ ‘Anota,’ and ‘Enota,’ and ‘Amelot’ and ‘Emelot’ are but other instances in point.

Footnote 83:

I am confirmed in my view by finding ‘Eliot’ registered as ‘Alyott.’ ‘Alyott de Symondston held half an oxgang of land, xix_d._’ (De Lacy Inquisition (1311) Cheth. Soc.)

Footnote 84:

Perrin was formed from ‘Pierre,’ as ‘Huggin’ from Hugh or ‘Colin’ from Nicol. ‘The wife of Peryn’ is mentioned in ‘Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne’ (Ch. Soc.), p. 97. Perrot, or Parrot, represents also the French diminutive. ‘Alan Fitz-Pirot was a benefactor to St. Alban’s Monastery.’ (See Clutterbuck’s _Hertford_, Appendix, vol. i.) Prince Edward used to call the favourite, Piers Gaveston, by the familiar title of ‘Perot.’ (See _Notes and Queries_, vii. 280, and Lower on ‘Perrot.’)

Footnote 85:

There can be little doubt that ‘Potts’ comes from ‘Philpotts.’ We light upon a ‘Thomas Potkin’ (H.H.), proving that the abbreviation was in use.

Footnote 86:

A well-known Durham family of the name of ‘Burletson’ existed till the close of the eighteenth century in that county, and I am not sure that it does not still survive there. This, I doubt not, is but a corruption of ‘Bartelotson’ or ‘Bartleson.’ (_Vide_ Surtees’ _History of Durham_, vol. i. p. 106.)

Footnote 87:

John Toloson was Sheriff of London in 1237.

Footnote 88:

The romance form, ‘Thomasine,’ existed till recent days, and was at the zenith of its popularity in Elizabeth’s reign. It is found in every register of that period. It is found as ‘Thomasing’ in Worksworth Ch. (Derbyshire): ‘Thomasing, filia William Sympson; buried Jan. 31, 1640.’

Footnote 89:

Thus Skelton, in _Why come ye nat to Courte?_ says:—

‘Twit, Andrewe, twit, Scot, Ge hame, ge scour thy pot.’

Footnote 90:

An instance of the diminutive is found in ‘Thomas Jemmitt,’ recorded in Clutterbuck’s _Hertford_, Index, vol. i.

Footnote 91:

Thus, in _Why come ye nat to Courte?_ Skelton introduces such fictitious characters as—

‘Havell, and Harvy Hafter, Jack Travell, and Cole Crafter.’

Footnote 92:

I have stated in p. 80 that Polson is nothing more than Paulson. A proof of this is found in the case of ‘Pol Withipol,’ who was summoned to attend the council to show why the statute passed 27th Henry VIII., for the making of broadcloths and kerseys, should not be repealed.—Proc. and Ord. Privy Council, vii. 156.

Footnote 93:

Capgrave, in his ‘Chronicles,’ under date 1394, says: ‘In this time the Lolardis set up scrowis at Westminster and at Poules.’

Footnote 94:

Lord Macaulay has noticed this. Speaking of the Old Testament, and in respect of the old Puritans, he says: ‘In such a history it was not difficult for fierce and gloomy spirits to find much that might be distorted to suit their wishes. The extreme Puritans, therefore, began to feel for the Old Testament a preference which, perhaps, they did not distinctly avow even to themselves, but which showed itself in all their sentiments and habits. They paid to the Hebrew language a respect which they refused to that tongue in which the discourses of Jesus and the epistles of Paul have come down to us. They baptized their children by the names, not of Christian saints, but of Hebrew patriarchs and warriors.’—(_Hist. Eng._ ch. 1.)

Footnote 95:

The most curious illustration of this class is that of ‘Melcom Groat’ (T.T.). ‘Milcom, the abomination of the children of Ammon.’—2 Kings, xxiii. 13. This is a conversion by baptism which would astonish equally Mr. Spurgeon and Dr. Pusey, I should imagine. A sister of Archbishop Leighton (son of a much persecuted Presbyterian minister) was ‘Sapphira.’

Footnote 96:

The same writer quotes from the register of Waldron the following curious entry:—‘Flie-fornication, the bace sonne of Catren Andrewes, bapt. ye 17th Desemb., 1609.’

Footnote 97:

‘The Rev. Experience Mayhew, A.M., born Feb. 5th, 1673, died of an apoplexy, Nov. 9th, 1758.’ He was a missionary to Vineyard Island. (_Vide_ ‘Pulpit,’ Dec. 6, 1827.)

Footnote 98:

‘Here lieth the body of Abstinence Pougher, Esq., who died Sept. 5th, 1741, aged 62 years.’ (All Saints, Leicester. _Vide_ Nicholls’ ‘Leicester.’)

Footnote 99:

Dr. Increase Mather was sent from New England to represent to James II. the gratitude of the Dissenters for a Toleration Act in 1685. (_Vide_ Neales’ ‘Puritans,’ vol. v. p. 31.)

Footnote 100:

Rev. Accepted Frewen (died 1664) was Archbishop of York, and son of a Puritan minister in Sussex. (_Vide_ Walker’s ‘Sufferings of Clergy,’ p. 38.) ‘Thankfull’ was his brother.

Footnote 101:

Mr. Livewell Sherwood, an alderman of Norwich, was put on a commission for sequestering Papists, in 1643. (Scobell’s ‘Orders of Parl.,’ p. 38.)

Footnote 102:

Faythful Fortescue. (‘Visitation of Yorkshire.’)

Footnote 103:

‘Robert Thyer and Silence Leigh, married Dec. 9, 1741.’ (St. Ann’s, Manchester.) She was evidently the daughter of some old stickler for St. Paul’s doctrine—‘Let the women learn in silence, with all subjection’—or had he been himself a sufferer in his married life?

Footnote 104:

Charles Chauncy died in New England, 1671. He went from Hertfordshire, where the family had been settled for centuries. His children were ‘Isaac,’ ‘Ichabod,’ ‘Sarah,’ ‘Barnabas,’ ‘Elnathan,’ ‘Nathaniel,’ and ‘Israel.’ (Clutterbuck’s _Hertford_, vol. ii. 401.) Elnathan and Nathaniel are the same, with syllables reversed, like ‘Theodora’ and ‘Dorothea.’

Footnote 105:

‘What is your name?’ then said Robin Hood, ‘Come, tell me, without any fail;’ ‘By the faith of my body,’ then said the young man, ‘My name it is Allan a Dale.’

(_Robin Hood_, vol. ii, 261.)

Footnote 106:

One of the best puns extant is put to the credit of the Duke of Buckingham by Walter Scott, in his _Peveril of the Peak_. A Mrs. Cresswell, who had borne anything but a creditable character, bequeathed 10_l._ for a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill-natured was to be said of her. The duke wrote the following brief but pointed discourse: ‘All I shall say of her is this: she was born _well_, she married _well_, she lived _well_, and she died _well_; for she was born at “Shad-well,” married to “Cress-well,” lived at “Clerken-well,” and died in “Bride-well.”’

Footnote 107:

A will, dated 1553, among other bequests mentions: ‘Also to _my nawnt_ Bygott an old angell of golde.’ The old angel, I need not say, refers to the coin, not the aunt. (Richmondshire Wills, p. 76.)

Footnote 108:

This name thus formed existed till the sixteenth century, at least, for ‘Christopher Nend’ is set down in the Corpus Christi Guild, York, 1530.

Footnote 109:

William de Okholt is found in the ‘Inquis. post mortem.’ This would be the original form.

Footnote 110:

‘Emelina de Hogshawe’ (Inquis. post mortem). The name is now extinct, I believe.

Footnote 111:

Our ‘Deardens,’ however, may be in some cases but a corruption of the old ‘Derneden’—that is, the secret or secluded den. The Hundred Rolls give us, for instance, a ‘Ralph de Derneden.’ This word ‘dern’ was then in the most familiar use. Thus, in ‘Cursor Mundi,’ mention is made of ‘a mountain dern.’ Chaucer speaks of ‘derne love,’ and Piers Plowman of ‘derne usurie.’ Our ‘Durnfords’ but represent such an early entry as ‘Robert de Derneford;’ and of names now obsolete, we might instance ‘Dernehus,’ found also in the same roll as the above. Our ‘Dernes’ simple probably originated in the reticent and cautious disposition of their first ancestor. We may take this opportunity of noticing that ‘Dibdin’ is but ‘Deepden.’ One of our older rolls has a ‘Randolph de Depeden.’

Footnote 112:

By ‘ley’ I include both ‘lee,’ a shelter, and ‘lea,’ a pasture, for it is impossible to distinguish the two.

Footnote 113:

‘John de Foxlee’ is mentioned. (Fines, Ric. I.)

Footnote 114:

More personal forms are found in ‘Henry Legeman’ (H.R.) and ‘Elias Layman’ (H.R.).

Footnote 115:

‘William de Waldeslade’ occurs in the ‘Great Roll of the Pipe.’

Footnote 116:

Quite as good a story, and one less objectionable, is told of a Scottish Member of Parliament called Dunlop, who, at a large dinner party, having asserted that no one could make a pun upon his name, met with the instant reply from one of his guests, ‘Oh, yes, I can. _Lop_ off the last syllable, and it is _done_.’

Footnote 117:

Thus in the ‘Proverbs of Hending,’ it is said: ‘When the coppe is fullest, then the hair is fairest.’

Footnote 118:

Talking of ‘Manners,’ however, we may add one on the celebrated Marquis of Granby:—

‘What conquest now will Britain boast, Or where display her banners? Alas! in Granby she has lost True courage and good _Manners_.’

Puns of this nature may be met with frequently in books of the last century. Some complimentary verses to Dr. Gill, on account of a supposed victory in a public controversy, in 1727, in support of immersion at baptism, have a play of this kind at one part:—

‘Stennet,’ at first, his furious foe did meet, Cleanly compelled him to a swift retreat; Next powerful ‘Gale,’ by mighty blast made fall The Church’s Dagon, the gigantic ‘Wall.’ (_Gill’s Works_, edit. 1839.)

Footnote 119:

Our now vulgar term ‘nob’ is a relic of this: ‘To hit a man on the nob’ is, in the north, to strike on the head. In the same districts a ‘nob’ is a rich man, one of family and influence.

Footnote 120:

Our Authorised Version has it, in Exodus xxv. 33: ‘Three bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and flower in one branch.’ Here a bud is evidently intended. I need scarcely say that ‘knob’ is but the modern form of this word.

Footnote 121:

Besides ‘David atte Lawe’ (M.), we have the more personal ‘John Laweman’ (A.), or ‘Ranulf Laweman’ (A.). I doubt not these are also local, but one cannot help thinking of Chaucer’s ‘Sergeant of the Lawe, ware and wise.’

Footnote 122:

‘William de Thornover’ and ‘Walter de Ashovere’ will represent compound forms.

Footnote 123:

Several local names of this class are found with ‘tree’ appended. Thus, ‘Thomas Appletree’ occurs in the Chancery suits of Elizabeth; and ‘Crabtree,’ ‘Plumtree,’ or ‘Plumptree,’ and ‘Rowntree’ (rowantree) may still be seen in our busiest streets.

Footnote 124:

In the ‘Townley Mysteries,’ Jacob, in his vision, is represented as saying:—

‘And now is here none othere gate But Godes howse and hevens yate.’

Footnote 125:

I believe this word is not yet extinct in our North-country vocabulary. A Yorkshire inventory of goods, of 1540 or thereabouts, concludes by stating what moneys had been discovered in corners and out of the way places in the house: ‘In hernes, xiii_s._ iiii_d._; item, x sylver spones, xxiii_s._iiii_d._’ (Richmondshire Wills, p. 41.)

Footnote 126:

Thus, also, is it with ‘Duffus.’ We find it in the Hundred Rolls set down in the same form as ‘de Duffus’ or ‘del Duffus,’ the more literal dress being met with in the London city archives in the name of ‘Thomas Dufhous.’ (_Vide_ Riley’s _Memorials of London_, p. 555.) ‘Dove-house’ is the root.

Footnote 127:

‘Agnes atte Punfald’ (A.) reminds us of our ‘Penfold,’ or ‘Pinfold,’ _i.e._ the pound.

Footnote 128:

‘Ralph ate Med’ (A.). ‘Philip atte Medde’ (M). In the Hundred Rolls we find ‘William le Medward’ corresponding to ‘Hayward.’ (_Vide_ p. 198.)

Footnote 129:

‘His tenants, the graingers, are tyed to come themselves and winde the woll, they have a fatte weather and a fatte lambe killed, and a dinner provided for their paines.’ (Henry Best’s _Farming Book_ (1641), p. 97.)

Footnote 130:

‘John Grangeman’ occurs in the Proc. in Chancery. (Elizabeth.)

Footnote 131:

The coney, or rabbit, has made a mark upon our local nomenclature. An old form of the word was ‘coning’ or ‘conig.’ Thus Piers Plowman says:—

‘The while he caccheth conynges, He coveiteth naught youre caroyne, But feedeth hym all with venyson.’

Relics of this are found in such an entry as ‘Nicolas Conyng’ or ‘Peter Conyng,’ though now met with as ‘Coney.’ More local registrations, such as ‘Thomas de Conyton,’ ‘John de Conington,’ ‘John de Conyngsby,’ or ‘Walter de Cunnyngby,’ are still familiarised to us in ‘Conington’ and ‘Coningsby.’ The North English form was ‘Cuning,’ whence the ‘de Cunnyngby’ above instanced and our modern ‘Cunninghams.’

Footnote 132:

_Vide_ Lower’s _Surnames_.

Footnote 133:

One of Edward III.’s regulations concerning the sale and purchase of wool speaks of ‘merchandises en Engleterre, Gales, ou Irlande;’ and further on more personally of ‘merchantz Engleis, Galeis, ou Irreis.’ (‘Stat. of Realm,’ vol. i. p. 334.) ‘Henry le Galeys,’ that is, as we should say now, ‘Henry Welsh,’ was Mayor of London in 1298.

Footnote 134:

In two different rolls we come across such cognomens as ‘Osbert Diabolus’ and ‘Roger le Diable.’ These are very likely but relics of early jesting upon the local forms mentioned in the text. A ‘Thomas de Devyle’ occurs in the Parliamentary Rolls, while in the Writs of the same we find a ‘John de Evylle.’ The former instance, again, may be but a sarcastic reduplication of the prefix. Dean Milman, quoting the author of _Anglia Judaica_, tells the following story, which shows how early this name had been so played upon:—‘A certain Jew travelling towards Shrewsbury in company with Richard Peche, Archdeacon of Malpas, in Cheshire, and a reverend dean whose name was “Deville,” was told amongst other things, by the former, that his “jurisdiction was so large as to reach from a place called Ill Street all along till they came to Malpas, and took in a wide circumference of country.” To which the infidel, being more witty than wise, immediately replied: “Say you so, sir? God grant me then a good deliverance! For it seems I am riding in a country where Sin (Péché) is the archdeacon, and the Devil himself the dean; where the entrance into the archdeaconry is in Ill Street, and the going from it Bad Steps (Malpas).”’ (_History of Jews_, vol. iii. p. 232.)

Footnote 135:

Hall, in his ‘Chronicles,’ speaks of the ‘Duke of Burgoyne.’ (F. xxiiii.)

Footnote 136:

‘Champaigne,’ of course, means simply _plain-land_, and is found locally in various parts of Western Europe. I have included ‘Champion’ with the others because, though sometimes a combative sobriquet, it is as often found to be the mediæval form of the local term, ‘Champian’ and ‘Champain’ being other modes of spelling the same to be met with at this period. Thus we find such double entries as ‘Katerina le Champion’ and ‘Roger de Champion.’ Our present Authorised Version uses the word twice, as in Deut. xi. 30:—‘Are they not on the other side Jordan, by the way where the sun goeth down, in the land of the Canaanites, which dwell in the champaign over against Gilgal, beside the _plains_ of Moreh?’ In the various translations of this passage almost all the above modes of spelling have been used.

Footnote 137:

_Vide_ _Words and Places_, p. 436.

Footnote 138:

Camden says: ‘When Rollo had Normandy made over to him by Carolus Stultus, with his daughter Gisla, he would not submit to kiss Charles’s foot. And when his friends urged him by all means to kiss the king’s foot, in gratitude for so great a favour, he made answer in the English tongue, “Ne se, by God”—“Not so, by God”—upon which the king and his courtiers, deriding him, and corruptly repeating his answer, called him “Bigod,” from whence the Normans are to this day termed “Bigodi.”’

Footnote 139:

‘John Spaynard’ is found in the _Cal. Rot. Patentium_; but the name is now obsolete, I imagine. ‘Peter Ispanier’ occurs in Clutterbuck’s _Hertford_ (vol. i. Index).

Footnote 140:

Hence we find Skelton speaking in one of his poems of ‘That gentyll Jorge the Januay.’

Footnote 141:

Wicklyffe, in his preface to St. Paul’s Epistle to the ‘Romayns,’ quotes St. Jerome, and adds, ‘This saith Jerom in his prologe on this pistle to Romaynes.’

Footnote 142:

‘Turk,’ we must not forget, was a general term for anyone of the Mahommedan faith. It still lingers in that sense in the _Jews, Turks, Infidels, and Heretics_ of our Book of Common Prayer.

Footnote 143:

Thus we find Bishop Coverdale, in his _Prologue to the New Testament_, written 1535, saying, ‘And to help me herein I have had sundry translations, not only in Latin, but also of the Dutch interpreters, whom, because of their singular gifts and special diligence in the Bible, I have been the more glad to follow.’ (_Park: Soc._ p. 12.) Here he is manifestly speaking of the German reformers.

Footnote 144:

Andrew Borde speaks of ‘Flaunders, Hanway, and Braban, which be commodious and plentiful contreys.’—_Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge._

Footnote 145:

An act passed in 1464 speaks of tonnage upon wines brought into England ‘by eny Marchaunt Alien, as well by the Marchauntes of Hance and of Almayn, as of eny other Marchauntes Alien.’ (Rot. Parl. Ed. IV.) Bishop Coverdale’s exposition of the 22nd Psalm is entitled, ‘A very excellent and swete exposition upon the two and twenty Psalme of David, called in Latyn, “Dominus regit me, et nihil.” Translated out of hye Almayne in to Englyshe by Myles Coverdale, 1537.’

Footnote 146:

The old form of ‘Dutch’ was ‘Douch’ or ‘Dowch.’ Skelton in his ‘Parrot’ says that, besides French, Lattyn, Ebrew,

‘With Douch, with Spanysh, my tong can agree.’

Our ‘Dowch’s’ and ‘Douch’s’ still preserve this spelling.

Footnote 147:

Our ‘Sarsons’ may be metronymically descended from ‘Sare’ or ‘Sarra.’ Skelton, in ‘Elynore Rummyng,’ speaks of

‘Dame Dorothe and lady Besse, Dame Sare, our pryoresse.’

Nevertheless the same writer, in his ‘Poem against Garnesche,’ addresses a Saracen thus—

‘I say, ye solem Sarson, alle blake is your ble.’

Such entries as ‘William fil. Sare,’ ‘John Saresson,’ ‘Henry Sarrasin’ or ‘Peter Sarracen,’ show both origins to be possible.

Footnote 148:

This surname is found uncorrupted so late as 1626. A ‘John Jewry’ is set down in C. C. Coll. register for that date. (_Vide Hist. C. C. Coll._) ‘Jewsbury’ has the same origin.

Footnote 149:

We must not forget, however, that the term ‘convert’ was applied to such as were lay members of a monastery. They were also working brethren, and thus were distinguished from the ‘monachi,’ or monks, who were wholly confined to religious offices and meditation. Thus, in the _Life of Hugh of Lincoln_, it is said, ‘Omnes interea Hugonem loquebantur sive prior, sive monachus, sive _conversus_, gratiam attolebat collatam Hugoni.’ (P. 46. See, also, Glossary to same.)

Footnote 150:

‘Edward I. went so far as to give the Dominican Friars, at their particular request, power to constrain the Jews to listen to their preaching, and even proceeded to waive his claim for seven years to more than a moiety of the goods of the converts, the other half being given to maintain the poor in the Hospital for Converts.’ (_Anglia Judaica_, p. 231.)

Footnote 151:

Hall, in his _Chronicles_, spells it ‘Bullein.’ (F, xxiii.)

Footnote 152:

So late as the year 1562 we find, in an old inventory, mention made of ‘One bede coveringe of ariesworke, 8_s._ (_Richmondshire Wills_, p. 161.) ‘Grant to John Bakes, arras-maker, of the office of maker and mender of the King’s cloths and pieces of arras and tapestry, with 12_d._ a day for wages.’—_Materials for History of Reign of Henry VII._ (p. 259).

Footnote 153:

The _Gildhallæ Munimenta_ mention, among other goods, ‘mercerie, canevas, conins-panes, fustiane, chalons, _draps du Reynes_, et draps de soye.’ (P. 231.) ‘Then take a towell of reynes of two yerdes and an halfe, and take the towell by ye endes double and laye it on the table.’—_The Boke of Kervynge._

Footnote 154:

Foxe, in his _Martyrology_, speaks of the ‘Bishop of Mentz, of Cullen, and of Wormes.’ (Vol. i. p. 269, ed. 1844.)

Footnote 155:

The same remark will apply to our ‘Cardinals’ and ‘Pontifexs.’ ‘Cardinal’ is early found in ‘Walter Cardinall’ (P.), and ‘William Cardynall’ (Z.).

Footnote 156:

In one of our old mediæval ‘mysteries,’ representing the Nativity, one of the Magi says:—

Certain Balaam speakys of this thyng, That of Jacob a star shall spryng, That shall overcom kasar and kyng. —_Townley Mysteries._

Footnote 157:

Some of these forms may be but corruptions of ‘Casier,’ the old cheese-maker, found in the Writs of Parliament in such entries as ‘Michael le Casiere,’ or ‘Benedict le Casiere.’ ‘Cayser’ would require little variation to make it such.

Footnote 158:

‘Ellice Prynce’ (Z.), ‘John le Cunte’ (E.), ‘Peter le Counte’ (G.), ‘John le Viscounte’ (B.).

Footnote 159:

‘William le Duck’ (T.). Our ‘Ducks’ may thus be official rather than ornithological.

Footnote 160:

This word is found as a compound in ‘William Burtheyn,’ a Saxon title equivalent to the Norman ‘Chamberlain.’ The Prompt. Par. has ‘burmayden,’ _i.e._ ‘chamber-maid.’

Footnote 161:

In the Hundred Rolls we find a ‘Will Litleking.’ This sobriquet would readily attach to one such feast-appointed monarch whose diminutive stature would but impart additional merriment to the occasion. ‘Roger Wyteking’ (_Testa de Neville_) would owe his _nom-de-plume_ to the dress he wore. It is to such an institution as this, again, we must ascribe the origin of such names as ‘Reginald Kyngessone,’ and perchance ‘Richard Kyngesman,’ both found in the Hundred Rolls also. That our ‘Kings’ are but a memorial of the festivities of our forefathers, is an undoubted fact. Every great nobleman had not merely a professed ‘fool,’ but at particular seasons a ‘King of Misrule.’ This ‘king’ initiated and conducted the merry doings of Christmastide, and was a proper officer. Besides the ‘King of Misrule,’ there were also the ‘King’ and ‘Queen’ of each village enthroned on May morning, who would be sure to keep their regal title through the year at least. Thus, among the twenty or thirty families that comprised the manor of Ashton-under-Lyne in 1422, we find ‘Hobbe the King,’ while a festival to be held there in that year is to be under the supervision of ‘Margaret, widow of Hobbe the King, Hobbe Adamson, Jenkin of the Wood, Robert Somayster (Sum-master), etc.’ (_Three Lancashire Documents._ Cheth. Soc.) ‘We, Adam Backhous and Harry Nycol, hath made account for the Kenggam (King-game), that same tym don William Kempe, _Kenge_, and Joan Whytebrede, _Quen_, and all costs deducted, 4_l._ 5_s._ 0_d._ (_Ch.wardens’ Accounts_: Kingston-upon-Thames. Lyson.)

Footnote 162:

The Ordinary was any ecclesiastic judge, the bishop himself, or his deputy. Thus, in a statute of Edward III., dated 1341, it is said:—‘Item, it is accorded and assented that the king and his heirs shal have the conisance of the usurers dead, and that the Ordinaries of Holy Church—_les Ordinares de Seinte Esglise_—have the conisance of usurers in life, as to them appertaineth, to make compulsion by the censures of Holy Church for the sin,’ &c. (_Stat. Realm_, vol. i. p. 296.) We still call the gaol chaplain the _ordinary_ who conducts the condemned prisoner to the scaffold and reads the appointed service. The Parliamentary Writs give us a ‘John Ordeiner’ and a ‘Stephen Ordinar.’

Footnote 163:

The term ‘poll’ for the head, was far more familiar to our forefathers than to ourselves, as such terms as ‘poll-tax,’ or ‘going to the poll,’ testify. It was in great favour for nickname purposes, and beside the one in the text gave rise to such sobriquets as ‘ranti-poll,’ _i.e._, boisterous fellow; ‘doddy-poll,’ or ‘doddy-poul,’ as Latimer spells it, _i.e._, blockhead; or ‘withy-poll,’ _i.e._, spoiled one. The latter was a term of endearment, and as such would not be resented. Hence it is found twice as a surname:—‘Poule Withipoule, taillour’ (_Rutland Papers_, Cam. Soc.); ‘Edmund Withipole’ (_State Papers, Domestic_).

Footnote 164:

An old sermon, written in the fourteenth century, upon Matt. xxiv. 43, speaks of those whom we should now term as the ‘Devil and his angels’ as the ‘Devil and his kachereles.’

Footnote 165:

We have the surname of ‘Outlawe,’ or ‘Outlaghe,’ figuring in several rolls, and that of ‘Felon,’ or ‘le Felun,’ in at least one. These would be both unpleasant names to bear, perhaps more so then than now. A ‘felon’ was one who had, by court adjudicature, and for some specific crime, forfeited all his property, lands, or goods. An ‘outlaw’ was one who had been cited to judgment for some misdemeanour, and by refusing to make an appearance had put himself out of the protection of the law. Thus, Robin Hood was an outlaw. ‘Adam Outelaw’ signs ordinances of Guild of St. John Baptist, West Lynn, 1374. (_English Gilds_, p. 102.) This name, strange to say, lingered on to within the last two hundred years, a ‘Thomas Outlaw’ being found in a college register for 1674. (Vide _Hist. C. C. Coll. Cam._) In 1661, too, ‘Ralph Outlaw’ was rector of Necton in Norfolk. (_Hist. Norf._, vi. 55.)

Footnote 166:

‘On the 30th ult., at Greenheys, Manchester, formerly of Oxton, Cheshire, Sarah, widow of R. Bellringer, of Pendleton, aged 82.’ (_Manchester Courier_, May 2, 1874.) This is the only instance of this name I have hitherto met with.

Footnote 167:

‘Thomas le Await’ occurs in the _Rot. Curiæ Regis_. This reminds us that our ‘waiter’ was once prefixed with ‘a’ likewise—‘xii. esquiers awaiters.’ (_Ord. Household of Duke of Clarence_, 1493.)

Footnote 168:

‘And to meyris or presidentis and to kyngis ye shall be led for me in witnessyng to them.’—Matt x. 18 (Wicklyffe). In a Petition to Parliament, dated 1461, the following varieties of spelling occur within the space of thirty lines:—‘Maier,’ ‘Mayer,’ ‘Mayre,’and ‘Maire.’ (_Rot. Parl._ Ed. IV.)

Footnote 169:

I suspect the difference between the ‘claviger’ and the ‘clavier’ lay in that the former bore the key, and perhaps even the mace, in all the many public processions and pageants of the day.

Footnote 170:

The old and general custom of electing a boy-bishop on St. Nicholas’ Day gave their title, doubtless, to most of our ‘bishops.’ The familiarity of the ceremony is fully attested by Brand. To him I refer the reader. The boy thus elevated by his fellows could not but retain the sobriquet. Lyson quotes from the _Lambeth Ch.wardens’ Accounts_, 1523: ‘For the Bishop’s dynner and hys company on St. Nycolas’ Day, ii_s._ viii_d._’

Footnote 171:

Daniel Archdeacon was recommended to the King for his services, 1610. (_State Papers_, 1623–5, p. 545.)

Footnote 172:

‘Roger le Archeprest’ (J.). The term was in use in the seventeenth century. Smith, the ‘silver-tongued’ preacher, speaks of ‘priest, or priests, or archpriests, or any such like.’ (_God’s Arrow against Atheists._)

Footnote 173:

As in occupative names, such as ‘Fisherman’ and ‘Poulterer,’ there was a tendency to repeat the suffix, or to add ‘man’ to a term that itself expressed a personal agent, so it was in official names. We have just spoken of ‘Vickerman’ and ‘Priestman.’ ‘Symon Priorman’ (W. 15) and ‘William Munkeman’ (W. 15) are other cases in point.

Footnote 174:

A curious, not to say cumbrous, surname is met with in the Parliamentary Writs—that of ‘Holywaterclerk’—a certain ‘Hugh Haliwaterclerk’ being set down as dwelling at Lincoln. Doubtless he was connected with the cathedral body of that city. The name, I need not say, is obsolete; and the Reformation has removed the office denoted. A ‘Walter le Churcheclerk’ is found in the same record.

Footnote 175:

The charge of the vestry seems to have been given also to the ‘revetour,’ from ‘revestir.’ A ‘William Revetour, clericus, filius Rogeri Morbet, revetour,’ was admitted to freedom of York City in 1420. He died in 1446, and in his will makes mention of his father as ‘Roger Revetour.’ (_Corpus Christi Guild_, p. 24. Surt. Soc.)

Footnote 176:

A curious, not to say cumbrous, surname is met with in the Parliamentary Writs—that of ‘Holywaterclerk’—a certain ‘Hugh Haliwaterclerk’ being set down as dwelling at Lincoln. Doubtless he was connected with the cathedral body of that city. The name, I need not say, is obsolete; and the Reformation has removed the office denoted. A ‘Walter le Churcheclerk’ is found in the same record.

Footnote 177:

The charge of the vestry seems to have been given also to the ‘revetour,’ from ‘revestir.’ A ‘William Revetour, clericus, filius Rogeri Morbet, revetour,’ was admitted to freedom of York City in 1420. He died in 1446, and in his will makes mention of his father as ‘Roger Revetour.’ (_Corpus Christi Guild_, p. 24. Surt. Soc.)

Footnote 178:

‘John Closterer.’ (_Three Histories of Durham._ Surt. Soc.) This would be a general term for one who dwelt in a monastic institution. Shakespeare uses the feminine ‘cloistress.’ Of a similar character would be ‘Nicholas Brotherhood’ (Nicholls’ _Leicester_, 1633), ‘John Brotherhood’ (W. 20), or ‘William Felliship’ (W. 11).

Footnote 179:

In the _Monastical Church of Durham_, written in 1593, we are told of the ‘Cellarer’ that ‘the chambre where he dyd lye was in the dorter.’ (P. 83.)

Footnote 180:

Hence the local surname ‘Spital’ or ‘Spittle:’ ‘Richard ate Spitale,’ M. ‘Gilbert de Hospitall,’ A.

Footnote 181:

Our ‘Amners’ are but a corruption of this same name. The word had become early so corrupted—‘For in tymes paste kynges have geven theyr bysshoprycks to theyr councellers, chaplaynes ... or to suche which have taken paynes in theyr householde, as amners, and deans of the chappell,’ &c. (_A Supplycacion to our moste Soveraigne Lorde Kynge Henry the Eyght_, p. 34.)

Footnote 182:

It was thus in the case of Simon the Leper of Bethany. The fact of there being a feast in his house shows that he had been cured of his disorder. None the less, however, did the surname cling to him.

Footnote 183:

‘Go ye and tell agen to Jon those things that ye have herd and seen. Blind men seen, crokide goen, mesels ben maad clene, defe men heren,’ &c. (Matt. xi., Wicklyffe.)

Footnote 184:

Pilgrims to Rome were ‘Romers;’ whence such an entry as ‘Cristiana la Romere’ (H.R.) Piers Plowman in ‘Passus IV.’ speaks, within eight lines, of ‘religious romares’ and ‘Rome-runners.’

Footnote 185:

Capgrave, under date 1293, says: ‘In the xxii. yere was Celestius the Fifte, Pope, take fro’ his hous, for he was a ankir.’ This Celestius at once passed a law that a Pope might resign, and instantly gave it up, returning to his old life again.

Footnote 186:

The Hundred Rolls contain ‘Geoffrey Halve Knit’ and ‘Nicholas Halve Knycht.’ They would seem to have arrived at some half stage toward chivalric rank.

Footnote 187:

Swyan, in _Morte Arthure_, slays Child-Chatelain, and

‘The swyers swyre-bane (neck-bone) he swappes in sondre.’

Footnote 188:

An ordinance of Edward III. declares that ‘men of arms, hoblers’ and archers (gentz darmes, hobelers et archers) chosen to go in the king’s service out of England, shall be at the king’s wages from the day that they depart out of the counties where they were chosen, till their return.’ (_Stat. Realm_, vol. i. p. 301.) Of the hobby itself, too, we have mention. Thus a list of the royal stud at Eltham, in the seventeenth year of Henry VIII., includes ‘coursers, 30; young horses, 8; barbary horses, 4; stallions, 8; hobbyes and geldings, 12.’ (_Collection of Ordinances_, p. 200.)

Footnote 189:

In the _Life of Hugh of Lincoln_ mention is made of ‘Marchadeus princeps Rutariorum’ (p. 264). See the glossary, however, from which I have derived much of the above.

Footnote 190:

In the _Morte Arthure_ mention is made of a youth named ‘Chastelayne, a chylde of the Kynges chambyre.’

Footnote 191:

Such names as ‘Alice Suckling’ (ff.), or ‘William Firstling,’ (ditto)—both terms familiarised to us by the Authorised Version—belong, seemingly, to the same class.

Footnote 192:

Among other duties the usher lay at the door of his lord’s sleeping apartment. The _Boke of Curtasye_ says the

‘Usher before the dore In outer chambur lies on the flore.’

Footnote 193:

Our friends across the border have this surname in the form of ‘Chalmers.’

Footnote 194:

The more correct form is found in the name of ‘William Summaster,’ who is met with in an old Oxford record as having deposited, in 1462, a caution for ‘Sykyll-Halle,’ of which he was principal. (Vide _Mun. Acad. Oxon._)

Footnote 195:

A strange and yet most natural change gradually crept over this word. There can be no doubt that the original ‘potager,’ or ‘potinger,’ had his place in the baronial household as the superintendent of the mess-making department. From his knowledge of herbs thus acquired he evidently came to be looked upon in a medicinal capacity. Thus the term came to be used synonymously with ‘apothecary.’ In the _Archæologia_ (vol. xxii) we find it recorded that one of the horses connected with the household of James V. of Scotland was called ‘le Pottinger’—‘uno equo pharmacopile, vulgo le Pottinger.’ In an old university record, dated 1439, I find, too, a certain ‘Ralph Prestbury’ mentioned as sworn to keep the peace towards ‘Thomam Halle, potygare, alias chirurgicum.’ (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 523.) Probably, however, it was the lowly herbalist, rather than the professional druggist, who acquired the sobriquet.

Footnote 196:

Amongst other gifts from the City of London to the Black Prince on his return to London from Gascoigne, in 1371, were ‘48 _esqueles_ and 24 saltcellars, weighing by goldsmiths’ weight, 76_l._ 5_s._’ (Riley’s _London_, p. 350.) ‘The 11 messes to the children of the Kechyn, _Squillery_, and Pastrey, with Porters, Scowerers, and Turnbroches, every mess at 23_l._ 16_s._ 9½_d._, in all 261_l._ 13_s._ 7_d._’ (Ord. Henry VIII. at Eltham.) Apart from such entries as ‘John le Squylier,’ or ‘Geoffrey le Squeller,’ the Parl. Rolls gave us a ‘John de la Squillerye.’

Footnote 197:

I may here mention that our brushes were almost entirely made of furze or ling; bristles were rarely used. Hence such a name as ‘Robert le Lingyure’ (H.R.), doubtless a maker and seller of brushes and brooms.

Footnote 198:

The ‘Promp. Par.’ has ‘Swyllare: Dysche-weschour.’

Footnote 199:

In an inventory of household chattels, dated so late as 1574, we find the furniture of the hall first described, and this begins, ‘A cupboard and a _spence_, 20_s._; xxiii pewter dublers, 20_s._; seventene sawsers and potingers, 6_s._’ (_Richmondshire Wills_, p. 248.)

Footnote 200:

‘The Sewer muste speke with the panter and offycers of ye spycery for fruytes that shall be eten fastynge.’—_The Boke of Kervynge._

Footnote 201:

A manciple was an achatour for a more public institution, such as an Inn of Court or College. It is quite possible that our ‘Mansels’ and ‘Maunsels’ are thus derived, relics as they undoubtedly are of the ‘le Maunsels’ or ‘le Mansells’ of this period. The corruption colloquially of ‘manciple’ into ‘maunsell’ would be a perfectly natural one. An instance of the purer form is found in the name of ‘Thomas Mancipill,’ met with in _Munimenta Academica_ (Oxon.) p. 525, under the date 1441. That this was a common term at that university we may prove from an indenture found in the same book, dated 1459, in which are mentioned ‘catours, manciples, spencers, cokes, lavenders, &c.’ (P. 346.) It may be interesting to some to state that to this day this is the term for the chief cook in several of the colleges.

Footnote 202:

A ‘William Celarer’ is mentioned in the Churchwardens’ Accounts of Horley, Surrey, 1526. (_Brand._ vol. i. 226.) A Saxon form of this existed in the term, ‘Hoarder,’ _i.e._ one who stored up. ‘Richard le Hordere’ (H.R.), ‘Adam le Horder’ (Parl. Writs). The form ‘hordestre,’ or cellaress, is met with in contemporaneous writings.

Footnote 203:

The duties of Butler and Panter being so all-important, they are often found encroaching on one another’s vocation. Thus the _Boke of Curtasye_ says:—

‘Botler schalle sett for each a messe, A pot, a lofe, withouten distress.’

Footnote 204:

This was evidently in existence as a surname formerly, although I have only been able to discover one instance of it. The Principal of Bedel Hall, one of the numerous smaller establishments at Oxford in mediæval times, was in the year 1462 a certain Dr. Schalke. (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._) It is very likely that our present ‘Chalk’ represents this name.

Footnote 205:

‘The sewer must serve, and from the borde convey all manner of potages, metes, and sauces.’—_The Boke of Kervynge._

Footnote 206:

We still use the compounds of this, as in ‘pursue,’ ‘ensue,’ or ‘issue;’ but we scarcely now employ the simple root-word so freely as it evidently was employed in Wicklyffe’s time. He translates Mark ii. 14 as follows: ‘And whaune he passide he saygh Levy of Alfey sittynge at the tolbothe and he seide to hym, sue me, and he roos and suede him.’

Footnote 207:

‘Item: A Duke’s eldest sonn is borne a Marquisse, and shall goe as a Marquisse, and have his Assayes, the Marquisse being present.’ (_A Book of Precedence._) Hall, speaking of King Richard’s murder, says of Sir Piers that he ‘came to Pomfret, commanding that the esquier whiche was accustomed to sewe and take the assaye before Kyng Rychard should no more use that maner of service.’ F. xiv.

Footnote 208:

Forks, used first in Italy, were not introduced into the French Court till late in the sixteenth century. In England they did not make their appearance till 1608, and it is said they were there the immediate result of the published travels of Thomas Coryat, who visited Italy in that year. I am sorry to say that I cannot find any instance of ‘Spooner’ in our earlier archives. Foxe mentions, in his _Martyrology_, a ‘Robert Catlin, spoonmaker,’ persecuted in 1552 at Byebrook, Suffolk.

Footnote 209:

‘To Percivall Smallpage, for his expences, xx_s._’ (_Household Account, Princess Elizabeth._ Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 210:

We find the modern spelling of this sobriquet little varied from that of the fifteenth century. An act, passed in 1463, to restrain excess in apparel, makes a proviso in favour of ‘Hensmen, Heroldes, Purceyvantes, Swerdeberers, as Maires, Messagers, and Minstrelles.’ (_Stat. Realm_, vol. ii. p. 402.) Sir Harris Nicolas says: ‘No word has been more commented upon than “Henchmen,” or “Henxmen.” Without entering into the controversy, it may be sufficient to state that in the reign of Henry VIII. it meant pages of honour. They were the sons of gentlemen, and in public processions always walked near the monarch’s horse.’ (_Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VIII._, p. 327.)

Footnote 211:

Words terminating in this ‘ager’ seem invariably to have been changed in the manner seen above. Thus, besides ‘Massinger’ and ‘Pottinger,’ we have ‘Arminger’ from the old ‘Armiger,’ ‘Firminger’ from the once not unfamiliar ‘Furmager,’ or ‘Clavinger’ from ‘Claviger.’

Footnote 212:

This is confirmed by the _Promp. Par._ ‘Brevetowre: brevigerulus.’

Footnote 213:

Perhaps I ought to have placed ‘le Breviter’ in the dining-hall, as but another name for the steward or steward’s lieutenant. It was one among other duties of this officer to set down not merely the courses as they came in, but what and how much was placed before each, so that all might tally with the sum allowed for culinary expenses. This is alluded to in the _Boke of Curtasye_. Speaking of the steward’s offices in the hall, it says:—

‘At counting stuard schalle ben, Tyll alle be _brevet_ of wax so grene, Wrytten into bokes, without let, That before in tabuls hase been set.’

Further on, too, it adds—

‘The clerke of the kitchen shalle alle thyngs _breve_.’

The name itself lingered on uncorrupted for some time; for as simple ‘Breviter’ it is found in 1580 in a Cambridge University list. (_Hist. C. C. Coll. Cam._) The corrupted ‘Bretter’ still exists, and is met with in ‘William Bretter,’ a name entered in the _Calendar to Pleadings_ of Elizabeth’s reign.

Footnote 214:

‘To John Redyng, avener, for the expenses of le palfrais, 50_l._’ _Materials for Hist. of Reign of Henry VII._, p. 407.

Footnote 215:

‘Item: It is ordeyned that the King’s Avenor, with the two clerkes of the said office, doe give their dayly attendance, as well as for the check roll, as all other concerning provisions to be made for the king’s stable, according to the statutes made and ordeyned for the same.’ (Extract from _Ordinances of Henry VIII. at Eltham_.)

Footnote 216:

The _Liber Albus_, among other entries, has the following: ‘Qe nul teigne Escole de Eskermerye, ne de Bokeler deins la citee.’

Footnote 217:

The old Norman word was either ‘healme’ or ‘heaume.’ The more ordinary term for the former now is ‘helmet.’ Hall, writing of the Battle of Bosworth Field, after mentioning the fact of the armies coming in sight the one of the other, says: ‘Lord, how hasteley the souldyoures buckled their healmes, how quickly the archers bent their bowes and frushed their feathers, how redely the bilmen shoke their billes and proved their staves.’ (Hall, _Richard III._, fol. 32 b.)

Footnote 218:

It is thought by several writers that the ‘Sworder’ was one who performed feats of jugglery, the sword, after the fashion of the times, forming the most important feature in his art, his hairbreadth tricks being especially popular with the country people. It is quite possible this may be its real origin. The only early instances I find of the name are in the Parliamentary Writs and the Parliamentary Rolls, where are recorded respectively a ‘John le Serdere’ and a ‘Henry Swerder.’

Footnote 219:

In Mr. Riley’s interesting _Memorials of London_ there is recorded not merely a ‘Richard le Kissere,’ but the occupation itself is clearly marked in the entry, ‘Walter de Bedefont, kissere.’ (P. xxii.) There need be no hesitation in accepting the statement that the ‘kisser’ was thus occupied. It is merely spelt according to the then pronunciation. In the _Statutes of Arms_ it is said: ‘And no son of a great lord, that is to say, of an earl or baron, shall have other armour than mufflers and cuishes (“ne seit arme fors de mustilers e de quisers”).’ (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. i. p. 231.)

Footnote 220:

The obsolete ‘Bucklermaker’ must be set here. Our Authorized Version has made us familiar with ‘sword and buckler.’ ‘Item: Payd to Phillip Tynker and Mathou Bucler-maker, for drawyenge of the yron and makynge of the stapuls, ii_s._’ (_Ludlow Churchwardens’ Accounts_, Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 221:

We find the Pattenmakers of London petitioning the Commons, in 1464, that they may have restored to them the use of the ‘tymber called Aspe,’ which had been of late entirely in the hands of the manufacturers of arrows, ‘so that the Flecchers thorough the Reame may sell their arrowes at more esy price than they were wonte to doo.’ The aspe was a species of poplar.—Rol. Parl. Ed. IV.

Footnote 222:

The ‘arrowsmith’ has a much longer and less euphonious title in a statute of Elizabeth regarding the hiring of servants by the year. In it are included ‘Weavers, Tuckers, Fullers, Pewterers, Cutlers, Smithes, Farrours, Sadlers, Spurryers, Turners, Bowyers, Fletchers, _Arrowhead-makers_, Butchers, Cookes, or Myllers.’—5 Eliz. c. iv. 2.

Footnote 223:

Thus, among the London occupations, Cocke Lovell includes those of the

‘Spooners, turners, and hatters, Lyne-webbers, _setters_, and lyne-drapers.’

Footnote 224:

Since writing this, I have discovered the names of ‘John Fusilier’ and ‘—— Fuzelier.’ (See _Proc. and Ord. Privy Council_, under dates 1437 and 1439.)

Footnote 225:

We have a similar interchange of these two initial letters in the cases of ‘Gervais’ and ‘Jervis,’ ‘Geoffrey’ and ‘Jeffrey,’ and ‘Gill’ and ‘Jill.’

Footnote 226:

‘Thomasine Woodkeeper’ is set down in the Index to _State Papers (Domestic)_ for 1635. This is a name, I doubt not, of later origin.

Footnote 227:

The stringent care taken of the beasts of chase may be gathered from the various laws passed regarding the dogs of such swineherds, &c., as had right of entry in the woods. The chief one related to what was called the lawing of dogs. By this rule the three claws of the forefoot of every mastiff were to be cut off by the skin, and the forest assize was to make special inquisition to see that it was in all cases done. (See _Stat. de Finibus_, 27 Edward I.)

Footnote 228:

‘He seide also to hise discipilis, ther was a riche man that hadde a baylyf, and this was defamed to him as he hadde wastid hise goodis. And he clepide him and seyde to him, what here I this thing of thee? Yelde rekenyng of thi Baylye, for thou myght not now be baylyf.’ (Luke xvi. 1, 2—Wicklyffe.)

Footnote 229:

The first instance I have met with of this name is in a formal declaration against Popish doctrine, dated 1534, and signed among others by ‘Gulielmus Buckmaster.’ (Foxe’s _Martyrology_.)

Footnote 230:

The Hundred Rolls have the abbreviated form in ‘Godfrey le Futur.’

Footnote 231:

Not very long previously to this we find Trevisa writing: ‘There are many harts, and wild beasts, and few wolves, therefore sheep are the more sykerlyche’ (secure). Thus we have ample evidence, apart from the existence of the name, that this depredator of the farming stock was anything but unknown during mediæval times.

Footnote 232:

Of course the breeding of falcons was a favourite as well as important care. By a special statute of Edward I.’s reign, every freeman could have in his own wood ‘ayries of hawks, sparrowhawks, faulcons, eagles, and herons.’ (25 Edward I. c. 13.) By a statute passed in the reign of Edward III., anyone who found a strayed hawk or tercelet was to bring it to the sheriff of the county, through whom proclamation to that effect was to be made in the towns. If the finder concealed the bird, he was rendered liable to two years’ imprisonment. (34 Ed. III. c. 22.) This will give some idea of the value attached to a good falcon in those days.

Footnote 233:

This form of spelling is used by Burton in his _Anatomy_. He asks, how would Democritus have been affected ‘to see a scholar crouch and creep to an illiterate peasant for a meal’s meat, a scrivener better paid for an obligation, a faulkner receive greater wages than a student?’ (P. 37.)

Footnote 234:

Juliana Berners says: ‘Ye shall understonde that they ben called Ostregeres that kepe goshawkes or tercelles.’ (Ed. 1496, b. iii.)

Footnote 235:

‘Thacker’ represented the northern pronunciation, ‘Thatcher’ the south. Compare ‘kirk’ and ‘church,’ ‘poke’ and ‘pouch,’ ‘dike’ and ‘ditch,’ or the surnames ‘Fisk’ and ‘Fish.’ A ‘Nathaniel Thackman’ is set down in the index to _State Papers (Domestic)_ for 1635.

Footnote 236:

A ‘John Thaxter’ is met with in a college register for 1567 (_Hist. C. C. Coll. Cam._), and far earlier than this, in the Parliamentary Writs, we light upon a ‘Thomas Thackstere.’ This is one more instance of the feminine termination. That the word itself was in familiar use is proved by the fact that in the ordinance arranging the Norwich Trades Procession we find among others the ‘Thaxteres’ marching in company with the ‘Rederes.’ (_Hist. Norfolk_, vol. iii.) As a surname the term still survives.

Footnote 237:

‘Robertus Brown, redere,’ Guild of St. George, Norwich.

Footnote 238:

‘Also, that no tylers called hillyers of the cite compelle, ne charge ne make no tyler straunger to serve at his rule and assignment, etc.’—_The Ordinances of Worcester, English Guilds_, 398.

Footnote 239:

According to Walsingham, Wat the rebel was ‘Walterus helier, vel tyler.’ The word is prettily used in an old Saxon Psalter, where, in the stead of our present ‘He is a buckler to all those that trust in Him,’ we read that a

‘Forhiler is He Of all that in Him hoping be.’

The following quotations from Wicklyffe’s New Testament will prove how familiar was the term in his day: ‘And lo a greet stiryng was made in the see so that the schip was hilid with wavis’ (Matt. viii. 24); ‘For I hungride and ye gaven me to ete, I thirstide and ye gaven me to drynke, I was herbarweles and ye herboriden me, naked and ye hiliden me’ (Matt. xxv. 35); ‘No man lightnith a lanterne, and hilith it with a vessel, or putteth it under a bed’ (Luke viii. 16).

Footnote 240:

Among other items of an entry in the Issues of the Exchequer we find for ‘putting the shingles on the king’s kitchen, for the aforesaid week, 17_s._ 4_d._’ (43 Hen. III.)

Footnote 241:

We find all these various forms of the same occupation mentioned in a statute of Elizabeth relating to the apprenticeship of children. In it are included ‘Lymeburner, Brickmaker, Bricklayer, Tyler, Slater, Healyer, Tilemaker ... Thatcher or Shingler.’ (5 Eliz. c. 4, 23.)

Footnote 242:

Hugh Marbeler was sheriff of London in 1424.

Footnote 243:

Another Saxon name, that of ‘John le Sclabbere,’ is met with in the Parliamentary Writs. It is, however, but an isolated instance, and I do not suppose there was any particular craft in masonry that went by that title.

Footnote 244:

‘Item: Payd to a laborer for to pargytt, vii_d._ (P. 4, _Churchwardens’ Accounts, Ludlow_, Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 245:

Thus, our ‘Freebodys’ are found alike in this guise, and in that of ‘Frybody.’ ‘Robert Frybody’ is set down in _Proc. and Ord. Privy Council_.

Footnote 246:

A curiously contradictory name is met with in ‘Robert Frebond,’ found in the Hundred Rolls. The same roll contains the names of ‘Roger le Neubonde’ and ‘Emma Newbonde.’

Footnote 247:

Among the peasantry of Yorkshire the simple farm labourer is still a ‘hine’ or ‘hind.’

Footnote 248:

A ‘Cropper’ was a farm labourer who superintended the growth and cutting of the _crops_. In the Custom Roll of the Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne (Ch. Soc.) occurs the following:—‘Roger the Cropper, for his tenement, and whole service, the present 8_d._; the farm, 15_s._’ &c. Lower down mention is made also of ‘Robin the Cropper.’

Footnote 249:

‘Digger’ also exists, and is found in an epitaph in St. Sepulchre’s, Middlesex.

‘Here lyes Robert Diggs and William Digger, There’s no living soule knew which was the bigger, They fared well and lived easy, And now they’re both dead, an ’t shall please ye.’

_Dingley’s History from Marble (Cam. Soc.)._

Footnote 250:

Chappell’s Ballad Music, vol. i. 327.

Footnote 251:

Thus we find in the forest charter of Edward III.: ‘Unus quisque liber homo faciat in bosco suo vel in terra sua, quam habet in foresta marleram (marl-pit), fossatum, vel terram arabile,’ &c. (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. i. p. 121.)

Footnote 252:

As there was the ‘Miller’ and the ‘Milward,’ so there was the ‘Marler’ and the ‘Marlward:’ ‘Alice le Marlere’ (H.R.), ‘John Marleward’ (H.R.).

Footnote 253:

‘He shall be called ... a lamb of Christ’s fold, a sheep of his pasture, a branch of his vine, a member of his Church, an imp of his kingdom.’—Bishop Bale.

Footnote 254:

‘Peachman’ must be set here. ‘Daniel Peachman’ occurs in Blomefield’s _Norfolk_ (Index).

Footnote 255:

Thus it is expressly stated in the _Forest Charter_, as of importance to the holder, that every freeman should have a right to the honey found within his woodland: ‘Habeat similiter mel quod inventum fuerit in boscis suis.’ (_Stat. Realm_, vol. i. p. 121.)

Footnote 256:

‘Hewer’ often occurs in composition, as in ‘Robert le Wodehyewere,’ ‘Richard Stonhewer,’ ‘Richard le Blockhewere,’ or ‘William Flesschewer.’ This last may be but a corruption of ‘Flesher.’ After the prevailing fashion of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the termination ‘ster’ was sometimes added instead of ‘er.’ Thus, in the Chester Play we find the procession joined by the ‘Hewsters.’ Richard le Hewster was sheriff in 1382. (Ormerod’s _Cheshire_, vol. i. 302.)

Footnote 257:

The ashburner is incidentally alluded to in a statute of Elizabeth’s reign, in which, among other occupations, is mentioned the ‘Burner of Oore and woad ashes.’—5 Eliz. c. 4, 23.)

Footnote 258:

This spelling lasted till the seventeenth century. Henry Best, in his _Farming Book_, 1641, says: ‘The noutheard wages were, for every beast, 2_d._’ (P. 119, Sur. Soc.)

Footnote 259:

‘Adam le Roc’ (H.R.), represented by our modern ‘Rooks,’ reminds us of the older form.

Footnote 260:

It will give the reader some idea of the importance of this root-word when I say that these five names appear in a list of thirty-one persons dwelling in the village of Aynwyk. (Surtees Soc. _Hexham Priory_, vol. ii. p. 4.)

Footnote 261:

In an old book of tenures kept in York Castle occurs, or did occur, the following: ‘David le Lardiner holds one Serjeantry, and he is Keeper of the Gaol of the Forest, and Seizer of the Cattle which are taken for the king’s debts.’

Footnote 262:

Nicolas Goteman (W. ii.) occurs in an old Yorkshire register, but the name is now obsolete, I think.

Footnote 263:

In a statute of Edward III.’s reign, dated 1363, in defining the attire suitable for those whose chattels came under 40_s._ value, we find enumerated with others, ‘tenders of oxen, cow-herds, shepherds, swineherds, deyes, and all other keepers of live-stock’ (‘bovus, vachers, berchers, porchers, deyes, et tous autres gardeinz des bestes’). (Vide _Prom. Par._, p. 116.)

Footnote 264:

‘William Wyndmilward’ occurs in the _Cal. Rot. Chartarum_.

Footnote 265:

‘Manumissio Thomæ Haale, alias dicti Mylleward de Hextone,’ 1480 (xx. 2, p. 210). ‘Milmaster’ is also found. ‘Mr. Andrew Milmaster, of the Old Jewry, died Aug. 23, 1630.’ (Smith’s _Obituary_.)

Footnote 266:

We may here mention several surnames whose original possessors were evidently confrères of the miller. ‘John le Melmongere’ (M.), _i.e._, mealmonger; ‘Denis le Otemonger’ (X.), ‘Walter le Heymongere’ (G.), ‘Ralph le Cornmonger’ (T.), and ‘Henry le Cornmongere’ (M.). These are all obsolete, I fear.

Footnote 267:

‘Adam Taskermale’ (H.R.). This would be a sobriquet taken from the ‘male,’ or bag in which the tasker carried his day’s provision.

Footnote 268:

In the _Ordinances of the Household of Henry VI._, dated 1455, we find the ‘Bakhous’ (bakehouse) to be under thirteen officers, and of them are ‘6 Gromes Bulters.’ (_Pro. Ord. Privy Council_, vol. vi. 226.)

Footnote 269:

‘Robert le Whelere,’ G., ‘Walter Welwryghte,’ A., ‘Robert le Wainwright,’ H., ‘Robert le Cartwright,’ B., ‘Hugh le Schipwryte,’ A., ‘John Botewright,’ F.F.

Footnote 270:

So late as 1541 we have such an entry as this: ‘Item, to John Glassier for mendynge the wyndowe over the gallery, v_s._ viii_d._’ (_Churchwardens’ Accounts, Ludlow_, p. 8, Cam. Soc.) A little later we find: ‘Item, to John Pavier for his labour, iii_d._ Item, for pavinge before the gate, i_d._’ (P. 10, do.) These are both interesting instances of the late formation of surnames. Both evidently took their second sobriquets from their occupation. ‘Pavier,’ I need hardly say, still exists.

Footnote 271:

Since writing the above I find my latter conjecture to be confirmed. Miss Meteyard, in her interesting life of Josiah Wedgwood, says: ‘The surname of ‘Tellwright,’ or ‘Tilewright,’ which, variously spelt, fills a considerable portion of the parish register of Burslem down to a late period of the eighteenth century, and is still common, is curious evidence of the antiquity of the tilewright’s craft in this locality.... Every worker in its clays became a tilewright, whether he moulded tiles or formed the homely pipkin or porringer, the slab-like dish or ale-vat for the hall.’ (Vol. i. p. 93.)

Footnote 272:

In an inventory of household furniture, dated 1559, we have amongst other articles, ‘One trussin bed with a teaster of yealow and chamlet, one old arke, old hangyers of wull grene and red, 6_s._ 8_d._’ (_Richmondshire Wills_, p. 135.) Another writer, twenty years earlier, relating the contents of the ‘mylke howse,’ includes ‘an arke, a tube (tub), a stande, a chyrne.’ (P. 42, do.) The earliest instance of the surname I have yet met with is found in the same book, where, in a will dated 1556, the testator bequeaths a sheep to ‘Henry Arkwright.’ (Do. p. 155, note.) Both the ark itself and the trade are of North English origin.

Footnote 273:

‘Shuxsmith’ seems but a corruption of this. The intermediate form is found in _Wills and Inventories_ (Ch. Soc.), in the names of ‘Margerie Shughsmythe’ and ‘Henry Shughsmythe.’

Footnote 274:

‘Buckler’ may be mentioned here. ‘John le Bockeler’ (A.), ‘Richard Bokeler’ (Z).

Footnote 275:

With our ‘Locksmiths’ we must, of course, ally our ‘Lockmans,’ ‘Lockyers,’ and ‘Lockers,’ and perchance ‘Lookers.’ We find a ‘Henry le Lokier’ set down in the Hundred Rolls, and in an old Oxford record, dated 1443, there occurs the name of ‘Robert Harward, loker,’ who doubtless found plenty of employment in providing for the security of the various rooms attached to the different colleges and halls. (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 535.)

Footnote 276:

There are several single representatives of occupations connected with the smith which I have not mentioned in the text, not having met with any trace of their continued existence amongst us. Thus, in the _London Memorials_ we find a ‘John Chietesmyth,’ which, so far, I have found to be wholly unintelligible. I must say the same in regard to ‘Cokesmyth,’ occurring in the _Boldon Book_. ‘John Rodesmith,’ if not a scribe’s error for ‘Redesmith,’ would be the manufacturer of the then familiar ‘rood’ or ‘rode,’ the cross which we occasionally may see still standing beside our old turnpikes. ‘William Watersmith,’ it is quite reasonable, may have spent his energies on water-wheels and such other machinery as helped to turn the mill. All these are now, and probably were then, almost immediately obsolete. On the other hand, we have ‘Wildsmith’ existing in our midst, only one representative of which am I able to discover in our olden records. It is just possible that, like the obsolete ‘Youngsmith,’ it originally referred to the characteristics of the man as well as of his trade.

Footnote 277:

The roads between Cumberland and Northumberland were of the roughest and most dangerous character till the seventeenth century, when General Wade, in the course of his progress against the rebels, laid down some of a better kind. The following couplet has been handed down as the effort of some local poet:—

‘If you’d ever been here When these roads were not made, You would lift up your hands And bless General Wade.’

Footnote 278:

In the Rolls of Parliament special mention is made of the King’s Corser, he who acted as the king’s agent in regard to the purchase of horses. A certain ‘Johannes Martyr, corsere,’ occurs in an old Oxford record, dated 1451. (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 616.)

Footnote 279:

Thus, in the _Itinerarium of Richard I._, it is said that, after a conflict with the Greeks, ‘Rex igitur cum persecutus esset imperatorem fugientem lucratus est runcinum vel jumentum sacculo retro sellam collocato,’ &c.—P. 191. We may quote, also, the _Wardrobe of Edward I._: ‘Magistro Willelmo de Apperle, pro restauro unius runcini favi appreciati pro Roberto de Burton, valletto suo, &c., 8_l._’—P. 172.

Footnote 280:

The _Test. Ebor._ (W. 2) gives us a ‘John Charioteer,’ and the _Cal. Proc. Chancery_ (Z.Z.) a ‘Thomas Charietter.’

Footnote 281:

This is confirmed by the existence of ‘Chartman,’ more modernly ‘Cartman.’ A ‘John Chartman’ was rector of Sedistern, Norfolk, in 1361. (Blomefield.)

Footnote 282:

The following entry is found in the _Issue Rolls_: ‘To Master William la Zousche, clerk of the king’s great wardrobe in money, paid to him by the hands of John le Charer, for making a certain chariot for the use and behoof of Lady Eleanor, the king’s sister, by writ of liberate containing 1000_l._’ (_Issues of the Exchequer_, 6 Ed. III.) Capgrave, too, may be cited. Writing of Helianore, daughter to the King of France, when given to Richard of England, he says, under date 1394: ‘She was ful scarsly viii yere of age, but she brought oute of Frauns xii chares ful of ladies and domicelles.’ Mr. Way says that in 1294 the use of this vehicle by the wives of wealthy citizens in Paris had become so prevalent that it was forbidden them by an ordinance of Philippe le Bel.

Footnote 283:

‘Couchman’ and ‘Coachman’ must be set here. ‘Aug. 4, 1640. Dorothy Coachman, daughter of Tilney Coachman, buried’ (Smith’s Obituary, p. 17). This Tilney is recorded elsewhere as ‘Tilney Couchman.’ Mr. Wedgewood says, ‘Coach. The Fr. _coucher_ became in Dutch _koetsen_—to lie; whence “koetse,” a couch—a litter, a carriage in which you may recline, a _coach_’ (p. 159). The twofold spelling of this Tilney’s name is thus explained. Hence, too, ‘Couchmen’ represents but the older form of ‘Coachman’—Richard Couchman, Z., ‘William Cowcheman,’ EE., John Coacheman, Z.

Footnote 284:

In the _York Pageant_ the ‘Sellers’ and the ‘Satellers’ went together. The latter, doubtless, made satchels, and would differ little from the ‘bourser’ or ‘pouchemaker’ of that period. In the _Prompt. Parv._ we find ‘Sele, horsys harneys.’ A ‘John de Essex, Selmakere,’ occurs in the _London Records_, 1310, and a ‘Robert Newcomen, Sealmaker,’ 1311. (Riley’s _London_, pp. xxii., xxx.) The latter, doubtless, was a maker of seals, like some of the ‘le Selers’ of this period. I have mentioned them elsewhere.

Footnote 285:

While, as I have just said, in the _York Pageant_ it is the ‘Satellers’ and ‘Sellers’ who go together, in the _Chester Play_ it is the ‘Saddlers’ and ‘Fusterers.’

Footnote 286:

In Holland’s version of Pliny it is said that the Empress Poppæa ‘was knowne to cause her ferrers ordinarily to shoe her coach horses and other palfries, &c., with cleane gold.’ (Way’s _Prompt. Par._)

Footnote 287:

A suggestion I received at a dinner-table the other day that ‘ostler’ was merely a corruption of ‘oat-stealer’ I may as well mention here. It is certainly suggestive, if not overburdened with accuracy.

Footnote 288:

‘William le Vendour’ is registered in the _Cal. Rot. Chartarum_.

Footnote 289:

Mr. Riley, in his interesting _Memorials of London_, quotes from the _Rolls of Gaol Delivery_, temp. Edward I., the name of ‘Richard Witbred, hodere,’ who had been slain in one of the city streets. (Introduction, p. xi.)

Footnote 290:

An act of Edward VI. speaks of ‘the buying of anye corne, fyshe, butter, or cheese by any suche Badger, Lader, Kyddier, or Carrier as shal be assigned and allowed to that office.’ (5 & 6 Ed. VI. c. 14.) A confirmation of this act by Elizabeth alters ‘Kyddier’ to ‘Kydder.’ The _lader_ was the old carrier or leader. I have deferred speaking of him till my next chapter.

Footnote 291:

The greed of these strolling ecclesiastics is frequently alluded to in the writings of this period. An old song on the Minorite friars says—

‘They preche alle of povert, but that love they naught, For gode mete to their mouthe the toun is through sought.’ (_Pol. Poems_, vol. i. p. 270.)

Footnote 292:

An act was passed in Edward VI.’s reign to suppress in some degree the number of this wandering fraternity:—‘Forasmuch as it is evident that Tynkers, Pedlers, and such like vagrant persones are more hurtfull than necessarie to the Commen Wealth of this realme, be it therefore ordeyned ... that ... no person or persones commonly called Pedler, Tynker, or Pety Chapman, shall wander or go from one towne to another, or from place to place, out of the towne, parishe, or village, where such person shall dwell, and sell pynnes, poyntes laces, gloves, knyves, glasses, tapes, or any suche kynde of wares whatsoever, or gather connye skynnes, &c.’ (5 & 6 Ed. VI. c. 21)

Footnote 293:

‘John le Coper’ is found in the Hundred Rolls.

Footnote 294:

‘Lambert Hardewareman’ (W. ii.) is met with in York in 1473. Whether he was a travelling dealer or no, I cannot say.

Footnote 295:

It is to the humorous and familiar associations inseparably connected with the early chapman we owe our ‘chap,’ a mere corruption of the above.

Footnote 296:

Mr. William Markettman was appointed by the Committee of Plundered Ministers in 1650 to the Rectory of Elstree. (Clutterbuck’s _Hertford_, vol. i. 161.) ‘Articles exhibited against Clement Marketman, executor of Clement Stuppeney, &c.’ (_State Papers_, July 25, 1623.)

Footnote 297:

‘Willmo Mone sometario ad unum somerum pro armis Regis.’ (_Wardrobe of Edward I._, p. 77.)

Footnote 298:

Thus the somewhat incongruous expression in Psalm cxxvii. 1, ‘the watchman waketh but in vain,’ is explained. That a sentinel should require rousing is opposed to all our ideas of the duties associated with this office. It should be ‘the watchman watcheth but in vain.’

Footnote 299:

It is in allusion to the disturbance thus created in the small hours of the night we find a writer of the Stuart period saying, not unwittily, to one thus rudely aroused:—

‘That you are vext their _wakes_ your neighbours keep They guess it is, because you want your _sleep_: I therefore wish that you your _sleep_ would take, That they (without offence) might keep their _wake_.’ (Brand’s _Pop. Ant._ iii. 9.)

Footnote 300:

Isaac Wake was university orator in 1607. He preached Rainold’s funeral sermon. Dr. Sleep was the leading preacher in Cambridge at the same time. James I., who dearly loved a pun, said ‘he always felt _inclined_ to Wake when he heard Sleep, and to Sleep when he heard Wake,’ _i.e._, he could not decide on the relative merits of the two. (Brooks’ _Puritans_, vol. ii. p. 180.)

Footnote 301:

Thus, in the _Winter’s Tale_, the servant says: ‘I have done. Come, you promised me a tawdry-lace and a pair of gloves.’

Footnote 302:

A law was passed at Winchester in 1285 that no fair or market should be held in the churchyard, as had previously been the case.

Footnote 303:

The same record, however, contains a ‘Fairman Alberd,’ so that, like ‘Coleman’ and ‘Bateman,’ it may have been but a personal name.

Footnote 304:

It is from this same root that our ‘Kemp’ is derived, meaning a soldier.

Footnote 305:

In the Complaint of the Plowman, too, we are told that the priests were always—

‘At the wrestling and the wake, And chief chantours at the nale.’

Footnote 306:

In the _Household Book of the Earl of Northumberland_, in 1511, under the head of ‘Rewards,’ is one of ‘6_s._ 8_d._ to the Kyngs and Queenes Barward, if they have one, when they come to the Earl’ (Way). In the Parliamentary Rolls mention is made concerning the ‘Beremaistre of the Forest of Peake.’ It was not till 1835 that bear or bull baiting was finally forbidden by Act of Parliament.

Footnote 307:

An old tavern-sign in Cheshire bore the following inscription:—

‘Good bear sold here, Our own Bruin.’

The book which records this quotes from the _Congleton Town Register_: ‘1599.—Paid the bearward, 4_s._ 4_d._’ ‘1601.—Gave the bearward at the great cock-fight, 6_s._ 8_d._’ (_Cheshire Ballads_, p. 259.)

Footnote 308:

A story is told of an officious clerk belonging to an old rural church who, overwhelmed with the honour of having a bishop presiding at a visitation there, ransacked his brains for something worthy the occasion, and then in stentorian voice gave out, instead of the usual Sternholdic lines, the following variation:—

‘Ye little hills and dales, Why do ye skip and hop? Is it because yer glad to see His Grace the Lord Bish-op?’

Footnote 309:

Curiously enough, we have the name of ‘Robert Harpmaker’ mentioned in an old Oxford record, 1452. (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._) This we may look upon, therefore, as an old-standing nuisance.

Footnote 310:

Burton, in his _Anatomy of Melancholy_, says: ‘Let them freely feast, sing, and dance, have their poppet-playes, hobby-horses, tabers, crouds, bag-pipes,’ &c. (P. 276.)

Footnote 311:

The names of ‘William Elyott, luter,’ and ‘William Spenser, harpour,’ occur in 1432 in an old York will. (_Test. Eboracensia_, vol. ii. p. 21, Surtees Soc.) ‘Haunce (Hans) the luter’ and ‘Philip the luter’ are frequently mentioned in _Privy Expenses_ (Princess Mary).

Footnote 312:

This name evidently lasted till the seventeenth century, for in 1641 an ‘Adam Orgener’ entered C. C. Coll. Cam. (_Vide_ Masters’ history of that college.)

Footnote 313:

The ‘Rhymer’ is often mentioned as belonging to the royal or feudal retinue. Like many of the above, he may be set among our list of early officerships.

Footnote 314:

We may set here our ‘Bidders,’ or ‘Ernald le Bidere,’ as he was once recorded. He was the general beggar of that day, and no doubt a rich harvest would be the result of his attendance at the fair. Piers Plowman says:—

‘Bidderes and beggares Faste about yede, With their belies and their bagges Of bread ful y-crammed.’

‘Simon le Shobeggere’ (H.R.), or ‘Shoe-beggar,’ as I presume means, seems to have followed a more particular line of business.

Footnote 315:

Here is Glyed Wolby of Gylforde squyere, Andrew of Habyngedon, apell byer.

(_Cocke Lorelle’s Bote._)

I am afraid the reader will scarcely recognise ‘Wool-buyer’ in ‘Wolby,’ but I doubt not such was the trader referred to. ‘Geoffrey le Wolle-byer’ occurs in the Parliamentary Writs.

Footnote 316:

One of Edward III.’s statutes says: ‘That a certain number of portours, pakkers, gwynders (winders), and other laborers of wools and all other merchandizes, be sufficiently ordained for the place where the staple is.’ (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. i. p. 341.)

Footnote 317:

It is not impossible that this species of cloth was in use by the lower classes for articles of apparel. Chaucer, in his _Romance_, refers to such a habit when he says:—

‘She ne had on but a straite old sacke, And many a cloute on it there stacke, This was her cote, and her mantele.’

Footnote 318:

A prayer to the Commons, in 1464, respecting the importation of foreign goods and merchandise, mentions ‘the makers of wollen cloth within this Reame, as Wevers, Fullers, Dyers, _Kempsters_, Carders, and Spynners.’ (_Rot. Parl._ Ed. IV.)

Footnote 319:

A recipe from an old Harleian MS. thus begins: ‘Recipe brawne of capons or of hennys, and dry them wele, and towse them small.’

Footnote 320:

In the south walk, Westminster Abbey, are gravestones recording the deaths of ‘George Slemaker,’ 1802, and ‘Susannah Slemaker,’ his widow, 1818. (_Vide_ Neale’s _Westminster Abbey_.)

Footnote 321:

Richard Slawright was prior of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine Warrington, in 1516. (_Warrington in 1465._ Ch. Soc., p. xliv.)

Footnote 322:

A chantry to the church of All Saints, York, was erected in the fifteenth century by Adam del Bank, Littester.’ (_Hist. and Ant. of York_, vol. ii. p. 269.) The _Promp. Par._ has ‘Lystare, or Lytaster of cloth dyynge—Tinctor.’

Footnote 323:

‘William Fulman,’ a learned antiquary, died in 1688. (_Vide_ Dyce’s _Shakespeare_, vol. i. p. 35.)

Footnote 324:

A statute of Elizabeth regarding the apprenticeship of poor children includes among others, ‘Wollen-weaver, weaving housewiefes or householde clothe onely and none other, Clothe-Fuller, otherwise called Tucker, or Walker.’ (5 Eliz. c. 4, 23.) ‘Of William Reynolles, walker, for half a pewe with Edward Doughtie, 3_s._ 4_d._’ (_Churchwardens’ Expenses, Ludlow_, p. 154 (1571), Cam. Soc.) In the _Chester Play_ the ‘weavers and walkers’ marched together. (_Vide_ Appendix.)

Footnote 325:

This practice of treading the cloth is referred to in a complaint concerning the fulling of caps and hats in fulling mills, made to Edward IV. It begins by saying that hats, caps, and bonnets hitherto had been made, wrought, fulled, and thicked in the wonted manner, that is to say, with hands and feet—‘mayns et pees’—and then proceeds to urge that the use of mills brought inferior articles into the market. (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. ii. p. 473.)

Footnote 326:

A ‘John Wollebeter’ is mentioned in an old Suffolk will of 1370.

Footnote 327:

We have the word ‘bat’ used in Wicklyffe’s Testament: ‘In that hour Jhesus seide to the people, as to a theef ye han gon out with swerdis and battis to take me.’ (Matt. xxvi. 55.)

Footnote 328:

God made ‘ffor to cover us and clethe us also lyne, and wolle and lethire.’ (_Mirror of St. Edmund_, Early Eng. Text Soc., p. 21.)

Footnote 329:

The bailiff of Norwich in 1250 was ‘Otto le Texter or Weaver.’ (_Hist. Norfolk_, iii. 58.) ‘John Tixter’ was Mayor of Gloucester in 1270. (Rudder’s _Gloucestershire_, p. 113.) On the 30th April 1873, the _Manchester Courier_ announced ‘the suspension of Messrs. Textor and Co., silk merchants, London.’

Footnote 330:

In the _Prompt. Parv._ we find the feminine termination to have been in general use in Norfolk. The author has ‘pleykstare—candidarius,’ and further on, ‘whytstare, or pleykstare—candidarius, candidaria.’ Earlier in the work, too, occurs ‘bleystare, or wytstare (bleykester or whytster)—candidarius.’ That the name lingered there for a considerable period is proved by the fact of a ‘Robert Blaxter’ appearing as defendant in the Court of Chancery in a Norfolk case at the close of the sixteenth century. (_Proceedings in Chancery_ (Elizabeth), vol. i. p. 250.) The earlier spelling is found in such entries as ‘Will le Bleckestere’ (H.R.) or ‘Richard le Blekstare’ (P. W.). Blackister, like Blaxter, still exists.

Footnote 331:

Sylkewomen, pursers, and garnysshers, Tablemakers, sylkedyers, and shepsters.

(_Cocke Lorelle’s Bote._)

Footnote 332:

In _A Complaint of Artificers to Parliament_, in 1463, there is included amongst other productions, ‘Laces, corses, ribans, frenges of silke and of threde, threden laces, _throwen_ silke, silke in eny wise embrauded.’ (_Rot. Parl._, Ed. IV.)

Footnote 333:

‘Edmund Barkmaker’ occurs in ‘Calendar to Pleadings.’ (Elizabeth.)

Footnote 334:

According to Strype, the ‘Company of Megusers’ dealt in the skins of dead horses, and flayed them. He mentions ‘Walter le Whitawyer’ in the same account. (_London_, vol. ii. p. 232.)

Footnote 335:

Since writing the above, I have discovered in the same rolls a ‘Gilbert _le_ Tower’ and a ‘Thomas _le_ Touere,’ proving my surmise to be correct. The feminine form is also to be met with in a ‘Juliana le Touestre,’ this entry, too, being found in the same register.

Footnote 336:

Many of these cries originated surnames, which, however, in most cases, died with their owners. ‘Fresh-fish’ is found as the sobriquet of a fishmonger; and ‘Coloppes,’ ‘Mackerell,’ and ‘Peascod,’ all figure in the rolls of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

Footnote 337:

A complaint of craftsmen presented to Parliament in the reign of Edward IV. speaks of ‘silke in eny wise embrauded, golden laces, tyres of silke or of gold, sadles,’ &c. (_Rot. Parl._)

Footnote 338:

The caul, or membrane occasionally found round the head of a newly-born child, was ever preserved by the midwife, in accordance with an old superstition, as a preservative against accidents, but especially against drowning. So late as Feb. 27, 1813, the _Times_ newspaper had the following advertisement in its pages: ‘To persons going to sea.—A child’s caul, in a perfect state, to be sold cheap. Apply at 5, Duke Street, Manchester Square, where it may be seen.’ An inventory of goods, dated 1575, we find thus beginning: ‘Imprimis, a cubborde, 20_s._; a calle, 5_s._; a table, 3_s._ 4_d._’ (_Richmondshire Wills_, p. 259.) With regard to the caul as an article of dress, we may quote the following: ‘Maydens wear sylken callis, with the whyche they kepe in ordre theyr heare, made yellow with lye.’ (_Hormani Vulgaria._)

Footnote 339:

Query—Did ‘Richard le Couhelere,’ recorded in the Parliamentary Writs, dress, prepare, and sell cow-heels? There is nothing improbable in it.

Footnote 340:

‘E qe chascun esquier porte _chapel_ des armes son Seigneur:’—‘And that every esquire do bear a cap of the armes of his lord.’ (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. i. p. 220.)

Footnote 341:

A complaint on the subject of hats, bonnets, and caps, in 1482, speaks of these three specific articles as ‘hœures, bonnettez, et cappez.’ (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. ii. p. 473.) ‘Bonnet,’ I need scarcely add, is here used, as it is still in Scotland to this day, as meaning a cap or covering generally for the head.

Footnote 342:

The ecclesiastic tailor was not wanting, judging by such an entry as ‘Robert Vestment-maker’ (W. 2).

Footnote 343:

Talking of Latin forms, however, we are reminded that not unfrequently an artisan of this class would be recorded as ‘William Scissor,’ or ‘Walter Cissor,’ a mode of writing the name very common in our more formal records.

Footnote 344:

As a common instance of the transition process then at work we may cite the name of ‘John le Wympler, Goldsmith,’ which occurs in the London records of this time.

Footnote 345:

A ‘Robert Ornel, paternostrer,’ is mentioned, under date 1276, by the same writer. (_Memorials of London_, p. xxi.)

Footnote 346:

‘Richard le Nedeler’ represented Chichester in Parliament in 1305. (_Hist. West. Div. of Sussex._)

Footnote 347:

The different materials used for the manufacture of buttons are incidentally declared in such entries as ‘Jacob le Horner et Botoner,’ or ‘John le Botoner et Latoner,’ found in the _Cal. and Inventories of the Treasury_.

Footnote 348:

Among other entries in the _Liber Albus_ occurs a list of customs for exposure of merchandise to sale:—

‘La charge de mercerie, La charge de leyne d’Espagne, La charge de canevas, La charge de hapertas, La charge de chalouns et draps du Reyns,’ etc.

An entry almost immediately ensuing, after mentioning most of the above, when come to ‘hapertas,’ speaks of ‘haberdashery.’ (_Gildhallæ Munimenta._)

Footnote 349:

Capgrave says that when Charles was at Constantinople the Emperor gave him ‘a part of Jesu crowne, that flowered there in their sight, and a nayle with which oure Lord was nayled to the tre, and a part of oure Lordis crosse: _the smok of oure Ladi_: the armé of Seynt Simeon. Alle these relikes broute he to Acon.’ (P. 106.)

Footnote 350:

‘A Marquise (to have) for his gowne, slope, and mantell, xvi yards, and livery for xvi servants.’ (_A Book of Precedence._)

Footnote 351:

‘To William Courteray, of London, Embroiderer, in money paid to him for orfries, and other things by him purchased for a velvet vest for the King, therewith embroidered with pelicans, images, and tabernacles of gold, etc., 20_l._’ (40 Edward III. _Issues of Exchequer_.)

‘Brouderers, strayners, and carpyte-makers.’ (_Cocke Lorelle’s Bote._)

Footnote 352:

As a proof of the costliness of this raised needlework, we may quote the following entry found in the _Issues of the Exchequer_: ‘To William Mugge, chaplain of the King’s Chapel at Windsor, in money paid to Thomas Cheiner, of London, in discharge of 140_l._ lately due to him for a vest of velvet embroidered with divers work, purchased by him for the chaplain aforesaid.’ (24 Edward III.)

The higher nobility seem to have had their special embroiderers. There was certainly a court craftsman of this kind. An act of the first year of Edw. IV. speaks of ‘oure Glasier, Messagiers of oure Exchequer, _Browderer_, Plumber, Joynour, Maker of Arrows within the Toure of London,’ &c. (_Rot. Parl._ Edward IV.)

Footnote 353:

An act, elsewhere referred to, passed in the first year of Edward IV., mentions among others the ‘Keper of oure Armour in the Toure of London, maker of Poyntes, Constable of oure Castell or Lordship of Hadleigh,’ etc.—_Rot. Parl._ Edward IV.

Footnote 354:

‘Hugh le Ceinter’ was Mayor of Gloucester in the reign of Henry the Third. (Rudder’s _Hist. Gloucestershire_, p. 113.) ‘Benet Seinturer’ was Sheriff of London in 1216. (Strype.)

Footnote 355:

Under date 1355, Mr. Riley, in his interesting _Memorials of London_, gives the ‘Articles and Ordinances of the Braelers.’ He also has an account of the burning of some gloves and _braels_ for being of false make and fashion in 1350. (_Vide_ pp. 277 and 249.)

Footnote 356:

And ‘also, every sowtere that maketh shoon of new rothes’ lether,’ etc. (_Usages of Winchester. English Guilds_, 359.)

Footnote 357:

‘Item, received of John Bent and John Davies, cordiner, for one pew, ii_s._’ 1571. (_Churchwardens’ Exp. Ludlow_, p. 148. Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 358:

In the Mysteries composed for the City Pageant by Randle, a monk of Chester Abbey, in the thirteenth century, a part in it is directed to be sustained by the ‘Corvesters and Shoemakers.’ (Ormerod’s _Cheshire_, p. 301). In this case we have the strictly speaking Saxon feminine termination appended to a Norman word. I have found three ‘Shoemakers.’ ‘Harry Shomaker’ was an attendant of the Princess Mary (1542). (_Privy Purse Expenses_, p. 2.) ‘Christopher Shoomaker’ was burnt at Newbury (1518), whose story is related by Foxe. The name seems to have lingered on till the close of the xviiith cent., for it is found in St. Anne’s register, Manchester, in 1781, as ‘Showmaker:’ ‘Mary, wife of John Showmaker, buried Aug. 26, 1781.’ This spelling reminds me of an entry in the Household of Princess Elizabeth, Cam. Soc.:—‘Robert Waterman for showing (shoeing) xvii_s._’ (p. 29.)

‘And that the corvesers bye ther lether in the seid Gild-halle.’ (_Ordinances of Worcester, English Guilds_, 371).

Footnote 359:

Another form of the name and occupation is met with in the _Corp. Christi Guild_, York, in the case of ‘Robert Patener, et Mariona uxor ejus’ (W. ii.).

Footnote 360:

‘John Rykedon, patynmaker,’ occurs in the Patent Rolls (R.R., 1).

Footnote 361:

It is evidently in a depreciatory sense that Bishop Latimer in one of his sermons makes use of this word, while his very employment of it shows how familiar was its meaning as a term of occupation, even in the sixteenth century. He says, speaking of a certain bishop, ‘There stood by him a dubber, one Doctor Dubber: he dubbed him by-and-by, and said,’ &c. Second Sermon before Edward VI.

Footnote 362:

The word was evidently in familiar use. Thus in the will of one William Askame, dated 1390, it is said, ‘Item, Margaretæ prenticiæ Willielmi Askham do et lego a fedir bedd and i matras, ii shetes and a coverlet, i bacyn and i laver, and a bras potte and volette of crysp. Item Johannæ Dagh crisp volet and a _chalon_.’—_Test. Ebor._, vol. i. p. 130. (_Surt. Soc._)

‘And that no chalon of ray, or other chalon, shall be made, if it be not of the ancient lawful assize, ordained by the good folks of the trade.’ (Ext. from _Ordinances of the Tapicers_, Riley’s _London_, p. 179.)

‘Also, non of the Citee ne shal don werche qwyltes ne chalouns withoute the walles of the Citee (_i.e._ Winchester).’ (_English Guilds_, p. 351.)

The Chaloner is styled the ‘Chaloun-makyere’ in this ordinance.

Footnote 363:

In the Guild of St. George, Norwich, 1385, is mentioned the name of ‘Geoffrey Bedwevere.’ He would be either a quilter, or one of those artisans alluded to by Cocke Lorelle.

‘Fyners, plummers, and peuters, Bedmakers, fedbedmakers, and wyredrawers.’

Footnote 364:

I find several writers speaking (Mr. Riley among them) as if the upholder was simply an undertaker. He may have been this, but it is evident it was but a subordinate branch of his occupation. We find in 1445 a certain ‘Richard Upholder’ appraising the _bedroom_ furniture of James Hedyan, the Principal of ‘Eagle Hall.’ (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 544.)

Footnote 365:

The ordinances for the Guild of St. Katharine, Lynn, are signed by ‘Peter Tapeser.’—_English Guilds_, p. 68. (E. E. Text Soc.)

The following entry from the _Exchequer Issues_ will give the reader a fair idea of the work that came under the tapiser’s hands:—‘To John Flessh, tapestry maker. In money paid to him for a side cushion, or carpet, a bench, and five cushions worked with the king’s arms ... to be placed about, and hung at the back of the king’s justice seats of his common bench within Westminster Hall.’—14 Henry VI.

Footnote 366:

It is only right to say that there seems to have been a term ‘coucher’ to imply one who resided in certain towns for purposes of trade of a somewhat doubtful character. In this sense it was but a French sobriquet, meaning in English ‘a lurker.’ A statute of Edward III. concerning the prices of wine and their import speaks of ‘Cochoures Engleys’ (English couchers, or lurkers), living in Rochelle, Bordeaux, etc., who traded in wines. The tenor of the allusion to them, however, is such that we could hardly expect them to be represented openly in an English pageant.

Footnote 367:

An old Yorkshire will, dated 1383, contains the following bequest: ‘To John Couper, a docer, and a new banaquer (a seat-cover) and ij cochyns (cushions).’ (Surtees Soc.)

Footnote 368:

Beatrice ap Rice, laundress to Princess Mary (daughter of Henry VIII.), is always set down as ‘Mistress Launder.’ ‘Item, paid for 2 lb. of starche for Mts Launder, viiid.’ (_Privy Purse Expenses_, p. 160.)

Footnote 369:

The ordinances of the Guild of the Purification, Bishop’s Lynn, 1367, are signed by ‘Johannes Austyn, Baxter.’ (_English Guilds_, p. 90.)

Capgrave, under date 205 B.C., says, ‘In this same tyme lyved the eloquent man which hite (was called) Plautus, and for al his eloquens he was compelled for to dwel with a Baxter, and grinde his corn at a querne.’

Footnote 370:

The curious name of ‘Sara le Bredemongestere’ occurs in the ‘London Memorials’ (Riley).

Footnote 371:

It is in this more general sense we find the word used in our present Authorized Version. Thus in Lev. ii. 4, it is said: ‘And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil.’—‘Pay to Ralph Crast the waferer, 40_s._ of our gift.’ (‘Issues of Exchequer,’ 26 Henry III.)

Footnote 372:

This corruption seems to have early become the accepted one. A John Flanner entered C.C. Col., Cambridge, in 1649. (_Hist. C.C. Coll._). In 1641 another John Flanner was Rector of Kilverstone. (_Hist. Norf._, I. 546.)

Footnote 373:

Since writing the above I have found a ‘William Buttyrman’ in the _Test. Ebor._, vol. iii., Surtees Soc., but I can discover no trace of its continuance beyond its immediate possessor.

Footnote 374:

The Hundred Rolls furnish us with the local ‘Adam del Cheshus,’ _i.e._, Cheese-house. He would be connected with some country dairy or city store-room. The name is formed like ‘Malthus,’ from ‘Malt-house,’ or ‘Loftus,’ from ‘Loft-house.’

Footnote 375:

In the country, and more north, we shall scarcely find the term to have made any way till even the fifteenth century. In the York Pageant which occurred in 1415, and was supposed to represent, as a survey of its programme shows it evidently did, every trade or occupation that could claim the slightest right to attention, we do not find it having a place. The ‘Spicers’ and ‘Sauce-makers’ are prominent, however, and they, no doubt, even then were upholding the interests of the trade which by-and-by was to go under this new sobriquet.

Footnote 376:

‘Joan Sausemaker’ occurs in the _Corpus Christi Guild_, York.

Footnote 377:

‘John Nutmaker’ gave to a loan upon Middlesex in 1463. (_Vide_ _Scobell’s Declarations of Parl._, 429.) This name has troubled me much. Halliwell has ‘nut,’ a term for sweet-bread in the eastern counties. Failing this, I can only suggest ‘nutmegger,’ and place it among those set down in the text.

Footnote 378:

We are all familiar with the old adage,

‘After dinner sit awhile, After supper walk a mile’:

it often used to puzzle me that this last line, while speaking from a medical point of view, should so calmly give up the general question as to whether suppers were or were not advisable as a part of the domestic _régime_. When we remember, however, that the couplet doubtless arose in a day when dinner was at twelve and supper at five or six, we can better understand its intent.

Footnote 379:

William Fleshmonger, D.C.L., was Dean of Chichester in 1528. (_Hist. Univ. Oxford._ Ackermann, p. 154.)

‘Also, the usage of fleshemongeres ys swych, that everych fleshemongere’ not a freman shall pay 25_d._ a year to the King if he have a stall. (_Usages of Winchester. English Gilds_, 354.)

Footnote 380:

The following list in one of our early statutes will help to familiarize the reader’s mind with some of these mediæval Latinisms:

‘Item, sallarii, pelletarii, allutarii, sutores, cissores, fabri, carpentarii, cementarii, tegularii, batellarii, carectarii, et quicunque alii artifices non capiant pro labore et artificio suo,’ etc.

‘Item, quod carnifices, piscenarii, hostellarii, braciatores, pistores, pulletarii et omnes alii venditores victualium teneantur hujus-modi victualia vendere,’ etc. [_Stat. of Realm_, vol. 1. p. 308.)

The first list refers to the ‘saddlers, skinners, whitetawyers, shoemakers, taylors, wrights, carpenters, masons, tylers, boatwrights, and carters;’ the second to the ‘butchers, fishmongers, taverners, brewers, bakers, and poulterers.’ With regard to the ‘Carnifex’ we may add that among other items of expenditure belonging to Edw. I.’s Queen at Cawood is mentioned ‘expensa duorum carnificum eosdem boves emencium.’

Footnote 381:

‘Egeas Fisher, or Pessoner,’ was Mayor of Gloucester in 1241. (Rudder’s _Gloucestershire_, p. 113.) ‘Ralf le Pecimer’ was bailiff of Norwich in 1239. (_Blomefield_, iii. 58.) This is a manifest corruption of Pessoner.

Footnote 382:

That this is the real origin of this name may be proved by 1 James I. c. xxiii., which is entitled an ‘Acte for the better preservation of Fishinge in the Counties of Somersett, Devon, and Cornwall, and for the relief of Balkers, Conders, and Fishermen against malicious suites.’ In it too is found the following: ‘And whereas also for the necessarie use of the takinge of the said Herring ... divers persons ... called Balcors, Huors, Condors, Directors, or Guidors, at the fishing tymes ... tyme out of mynde have used to watch and attend upon the high hilles and grounde near adjoining to the sea coast ... for the discoverie and givinge notice to the fisherman,’ etc. (_Stat. of Realm._)

Footnote 383:

‘Lawrence Beerbrewer’ occurs in a Norfolk register. (_Hist. Norf._ iv. 357.) ‘Lambert Beerbrewer’ was one of the Corp. Christi Guild, York. (Surt. Soc.)

Footnote 384:

‘Malter’ I have failed to discover in our archives, but ‘Aleyn le Maltestere’ and ‘Hugh le Maltmakere’ are both found. On the other hand, while I have no feminine ‘Tapster’ to adduce, I have hit upon ‘Robert le Tappere’ and ‘John le Tapper’ in two separate records.

Footnote 385:

A curious name is found in the St. Edmund’s Guild, Bishop’s Lynn, the ordinances of which are signed by ‘Johannes Mashemaker’ (_English Guilds_, p. 96), evidently a maker of mash-vats or of the mashel, _i.e._, the rudder used for mixing the malt. (v. _Maschel Pr. Par._)

Footnote 386:

Another proof of this is contained in the fact that in all allusions in our olden ordinances to false dealings in the brewing and sale of ale the punishment affixed is that of the _tumbrel_, the instrument for women, corresponding to the _pillory_ for men. I would not be mistaken. I cannot doubt but that malster, tapster, baxter, webster, and kempster were feminine occupations, and arose first in these forms as such. But in the xivth century the distinction between ‘er’ and ‘ster’ was dropped through the Norman-French ‘ess’ becoming the popular termination. As ‘ess’ became still more strongly imbedded in the language, ‘ster’ came into but more irregular use, and by the time of Elizabeth men spoke of ‘drugster,’ ‘teamster,’ ‘rhymster,’ ‘whipster,’ ‘trickster,’ ‘gamester.’ (_English Accidence_, p. 90.) That this confusion was marked even in the earlier part of the xivth century, not to say the close of the xiiith, is clearly proved by such registered names as ‘Thatcher’ and ‘Thaxter,’ ‘Palliser’ and ‘Pallister,’ ‘Hewer’ and ‘Hewster,’ ‘Begger’ and ‘Beggister,’ ‘Blacker’ (bleacher) and ‘Blaxter,’ ‘Dyer’ and ‘Dyster,’ ‘Whiter’ and ‘Whitster,’ ‘Corviser’ and ‘Corvester,’ and ‘Bullinger,’ or ‘Billinger,’ and ‘Billingster.’ An old statute of Ed. III. (_Statute Realm_, 1, 380) mentions ‘filesters,’ ‘throwsters,’ and ‘brawdesters;’ and Dr. Morris quotes ‘bellringster,’ ‘hoardster,’ and ‘washster.’ These latter are xiith and xiiith century words, and were strictly confined to women.

Footnote 387:

I find the term used occupatively once. Cocke Lorelle speaks of

‘Spynsters, carders, and cappe-knytters.’

Footnote 388:

‘Juliana Rokster’ occurs in an old record of 1388 (R.R. 2). The ‘rock’ was the old distaff. (_Vide_ p. 74, note 2.)

Footnote 389:

‘Edmund le Tonder’ was bailiff of Norwich, 1237.

Footnote 390:

The bailiff of Gloucester, in the year 1300, was ‘Robert L’espicer, or Apothecary.’ (Rudder’s _Gloucestershire_, p. 114.)

Footnote 391:

We have a similar curtailment in our ‘Prentices’ or ‘Prentis’s’ (relics of ‘William le Prentiz’ or ‘Nicholas Apprenticius’) a name of the most familiar import at the time of which we are speaking. Chaucer begins his ‘Cook’s Tale’ by saying—

‘A prentis whilom dwelt in our citee, And of a craft of vitaillers was he.’

In the early days of national commerce and industry, when the jealousy of foreign craftsmen was at its height, the prentice boys showed themselves on various occasions a formidable body, capable of arousing riots and tumults of the most serious character.

Footnote 392:

Early Eng. Text Soc., Extra Series, vol. viii. p. 6.

Footnote 393:

The surname of ‘Shaver’ was not unknown then as now. ‘Jeffery Schavere’ was rector of Fincham, Norfolk, in 1409 (Blomefield). ‘Henry Shavetail,’ an evident nickname, occurs in the Patent Rolls (R.R.1).

Footnote 394:

In a popular poem of Henry the Eighth’s time mention is made of—

‘Harpemakers, leches, and upholdsters, Porters, fesycyens, and corsers.’

Footnote 395:

Johannes Thurton, Candelere. (Guild of St. George, Norwich.)

Footnote 396:

Thus we find in an indenture of Henry the Seventh’s reign it is said at the close: ‘And over this oure said Souveraigne Lorde graunteth by these presents to the said Abbas and Convent that they shall have as well this present Indenture as all other grauntes necessary, ... wythout eny fyne, fee, or other thyng to hym orto his use in his Chauncerie, or Hanapore, or other place to be payde.’ (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. ii. p. 671.)

Footnote 397:

_Vide_ Way’s _Prompt Parv._, p. 124.

Footnote 398:

Thus the author of _Cocke Lorelle’s Bote_ refers to—

‘Yermongers, pybakers, and waferers, Fruyters, chesemongers, and mynstrelles.’

Footnote 399:

‘There dwelled also turners of beads, and they were paternoster-makers’ (Stow, iii. 174). The term was evidently very general.

Footnote 400:

‘Founders, laten-workers, and broche-makers.’ (_Cocke Lorelle’s Bote._)

Footnote 401:

A law passed in the first year of Richard II. forbids halfpennies and farthings to be melted for vessels or other things, on pain of forfeiting the money so melted and the imprisonment of the founder—‘surpeine de forfaitre del monoie founder et imprisonement del foundour.’ (_Stat. Realm._) The ‘founder,’ as his name implies, melted down the metal, and then poured it (fundere) into the mould. We still speak familiarly of a foundry; but the term ‘founder’ as a worker therein is now, I believe, obsolete. Such names, however, as ‘Robert le Fundour’ or ‘John le Funder,’ whose descendants are still with us, show that this was once in common use. As an additional proof that they were formerly more distinctively engaged in the manufacture of pots and vessels, we may state that in the York Pageant, elsewhere spoken of, the ‘Pewterers’ and ‘Founders’ marched together. Speaking of ‘Founder,’ we are reminded of ‘Alefounder.’ In 1374 William Alefounder was Rector of Bichamwell. (_Hist. Norf._, vii. 295.) The alefounder took his name from his duty as an inspector, appointed by the Court Leet, of assizing and supervising the brewing of malt liquor. He examined it as it was _poured_ out. Thus ‘fundere,’ and not ‘fundare,’ is its root. Another name he bore was that of ‘ale-conner.’ A poem of James the First’s reign says—

‘A nose he had that gan show, What liquor he loved I trow; For he had before long “seven yeare, Been of the towne the ale-conner.”’

Footnote 402:

The following entry appears in the _Issues of Exchequer_:—‘20_l._ paid to John le Discher, of London, for him and his companions to provide plates, dishes, and saltsellers for the coronation.’ (1 Ed. II.)

Footnote 403:

As an illustration of the use to which the art of working in pewter was put, we may instance one of the ‘Richmondshire Wills’ in which the following articles of this mixture are bequeathed: ‘iij basyns, ij uers, one doson plait trenchers, one brode charger, iiij potigers, xx^{tie} platters, x dishes, and vj sausers.’ (_Surtees Soc._)

Footnote 404:

We find this now well-known surname thus spelt in a statute passed in Elizabeth’s reign, in which are included the ‘lynnen-weaver, turner, cowper, millers, earthen-potters.’ (5 Eliz. c. iv. 23.)

Footnote 405:

In the _Issues of the Exchequer_ we find a ‘Ric. le Cuver’ at one time providing three _buckets_, and at another working with other eight _carpenters_ upon the outer chamber of the King’s Court. (43 Henry III.)

Footnote 406:

‘John Busheler’ occurs in Valor. Eccles. Henry VIII. He probably made the old bushel measure, once in common use. ‘Is a candle bought to be put under a bushel?’ (Mark iv. 26.)

Footnote 407:

Mr. Way, in his valuable series of notes to the _Promptorium Parvulorum_, quotes a later Wicklyffite version, in which the ‘basket of bulrushes’ in which Moses was placed is termed ‘a leep of segg’ (sedge). An old list of words which he also quotes has ‘a lepe maker, cophinarius.’ (_Cath. Ang._) I mention this latter especially, as I have not been able so far to light upon any instance of the sobriquet. I have no hesitation in saying, however, that if ‘Leaper’ and ‘Leapman’ be not manufacturers, they have, at any rate, as fish-sellers, originated from the same root. ‘And thei eeten and weren fulfilled, and thei taken up that that lefte of relifs sevene leepis.’ (Matt. viii. 8. Wicklyffe.)

Footnote 408:

Thus in the Trevelyan papers (Cam. Soc.) we frequently come across such a record as the following: ‘Item, to Edmund Peckham, coferer of the Kinge’s House for th’expenses and charges, etc.’

Footnote 409:

The list of tradesmen in _Cock Lorelle’s Bote_ includes—

‘Pype-makers, wode-mongers, and orgyn-makers, Coferers, carde-makers, and carvers.’

Footnote 410:

An Act of Edward VI. relative to the buying of tanned leather speaks of the ‘mysterie of Coriar (currier), Cordewainer, Sadler, Cobler, Girdler, Lether-seller, Bottelmaker.’ (3 and 4 Ed. VI. c. 6.)

Footnote 411:

‘William le Orbater’ (goldbeater) is also found in the Hundred Rolls.

Footnote 412:

A ‘Bartholomew le Tableter’ is also found in the ‘Memorials of London’ (Riley). The date being the same or nearly the same as that of ‘Bartholomew le Tabler’ inscribed in the Parliamentary Writs for the capital, we may feel assured both are one and the same person.

Footnote 413:

‘And thei bikenyden to his fadir, that he wolde that he were clepid. And he axinge a poyntel wrote seiynge Jon is his name.’ (Luke i. 63. Wicklyffe.)

Footnote 414:

I have since discovered another instance of this name—‘To Bartholomew le Orologius, after the arrival of William de Pikewell, 23 gallons.’ 1286 (Domesday Book, St. Paul’s, Cam. Soc.).

Footnote 415:

‘Imprimis Thomæ Clokmaker for makyng of the sail when it was broken, viii_s._’ 1428 (Pro. Ord. Privy Council).

Footnote 416:

Stowe and Strype, however, while aware of the corruption, were both ignorant of its meaning. Speaking of the woodmongers, the former says, ‘Whether some of these woodmongers were called ‘Billiters’ from dealing in billets I leave to conjecture. In the register of wills, London, mention is made of one William Burford, billeytere.’ (ii. p. 226.) The Woodmongers were sellers of fuel. ‘Robert Wudemonger’ is found in the H.R.

Footnote 417:

I may quote a statement recorded of Congham Manor. ‘In 1349 Thomas de Baldeswell presented to the church aforesaid, as chief lord of this fee; in 1367, Adam Humphrey, of Refham, and in 1385, but soon after, in 1388, Adam Pyk; and in 1400, Edmund Belytter, alias Belzeter, who with his parceners,’ &c. (_Hist. Norf._, viii. 383.) The said Edmund is also met with elsewhere as ‘Belleyeter’ and Belyetter.’

Footnote 418:

Another ‘Ralph Balancer’ was sheriff of London in 1316.

Footnote 419:

This weight was abolished in 1351, and the balance made universal. ‘Item, whereas great damage and deceit is done to the people by a weight which is called Auncel (par une pois qu’est appelle Aunsell), it is accorded and established that this weight called Auncel betwixt buyers and sellers shall be wholly put out, and that every person do sell and buy by the balance.’ (_Stat. Realm_, vol. i. p. 321.) Cowell, in his _Interpreter_, suggests as the origin of the term ‘auncel’ _handsale_, that is, that which is weighed by the poised hand!

Footnote 420:

Another form is found in 1389. William Parchmenter was seized for holding independent views of the Sacraments. (Nicholls’ _Leicester_.)

Footnote 421:

In the _Exchequer Issues_ we find the following:—‘To John Heth, one of the clerks in the office of privy seal of the Lord the King, in money, paid to his own hands, in discharge of 66_s._ which the said Lord the King, with the assent of his Council, commanded to be paid to the said John, for 66 great “quaternes” of calf skins, purchased and provided by the said John to write a Bible thereon for the use of the said King.’ In an old Oxford indenture between the University and the Town, dated 1459, we find the more usual ‘parchemener’ spelt ‘pergemener.’ The agreement includes ‘Alle Bedels with dailly servants, and their householdes, alle stacioners, alle bokebynders, lympners, wryters, pergemeners, barbours, the bellerynger of the universitie,’ &c. (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 346.)

Footnote 422:

Another ordinance has the following:—‘And that all Jews shall dwell in the Kings own cities and boroughs, where the chests of chirographs of Jewry are wont to be’ (‘ou les Whuches (hutches) cirograffes de Geuerie soleient estre’). [_Stat. of Realm_, vol. i. p. 221.)

Footnote 423:

‘Nicholas Cotes, lummer.’ (_Corpus Christi Guild_, York.)

Footnote 424:

In the _Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 550, we find a quarrel settled by the Chancellor between ‘John Conaley, lymner,’ and ‘John Godsend, stationarius.’ Through him it is arranged that the former shall occupy himself in ‘liminando bene et fideliter libros suos.’ In the York Pageant the ‘Escriveners’ and ‘Lumners’ went together.

Footnote 425:

Thus in Kaye’s description of the siege of Rhodes it is said: ‘Anone after that the Rhodians had knowledge of thees werkes a shipman wel experte in swymmyng, wente by nyghte and cutted the cordes fro’ the ancre.’

Footnote 426:

In the _Itinerarium_ of Richard I. we find it recorded that while the Christians were besieging Acre Saladin’s army began to hem them in. ‘In hoc itaque articulo positos visitavit eos Oriens exalto; nam ecce! quinquagintas naves, _quas vulgo coggas dicunt_, cum duodecim millibus armatorum, tanto gratias venerunt quanto nostris auxilium in angustia majore rependunt.’—p. 64. The Cog was evidently in common use as a transport. To judge from the following entries, it was, in some cases, at any rate, of considerable size:—‘Henrico Aubyn, magistro _coge_ Sancti Marie, et 39 sociis suis nautis, 23_l._ 12_s._ 6_d._’ ‘Thomo de Standanore, magistro _coge_ Sancti Thomæ, et 39 sociis suis, 23_l._ 12_s._ 6_d._’ (Ed. I. Wardrobe.)

Footnote 427:

‘Benjamin Cogman’ occurs in an old Norfolk register. Hence ‘Cockman,’ like ‘Cocker,’ may in some instance belong to this more seafaring occupation.

Footnote 428:

‘John Shipgroom’ occurs in the Rot. Orig. (G.); ‘John Shypward’ in Cal. Rot. Chartarum (D.); and ‘Alexander Schipward’ in Rolls of Parl. (H.).

Footnote 429:

‘Richard Drawater’ (A.) would be a nickname.

Footnote 430:

This word ‘lead’ is worthy of some extended notice. We still speak of a _path_ leading our steps to a place, but we scarcely now would say that _we_ lead our steps to it. Shakespeare, however, does so, where Richard III. addresses Elizabeth—

‘Dorset your son, that with a fearful soul Leads discontented steps in foreign soil.’

Several commentators on Shakespeare have proposed ‘treads’ in the place of ‘leads,’ not knowing, seemingly, how familiar was this sense of carrying or bearing in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. A century earlier the Malvern Dreamer says—

‘And maketh of Lyere a lang cart To leden all these othere:’

while just before he writes—

‘And cart-saddle the commissarie, Oure cart shall he lede And fecchen us vitailles.’

In North Yorkshire to this very day they do very little _carting_. They all but invariably ‘lead hay,’ ‘lead corn,’ etc. An old form of ‘lead’ was ‘lode.’ We still talk of a ‘lode-stone.’ This explains such an entry as ‘Emma le Lodere’ or ‘Agnes le Lodere.’ They were both doubtless ‘leaders’ or ‘carriers,’ that is, wandering hucksters.

Footnote 431:

‘Item, that all wines, red and white, which shall come unto the said realm shall be well and lawfully gauged by the King’s Gaugers, or their deputies’ (‘bien et loialment gaugez par le gaujeour le Roi, ou son deputé.’). (_Stat. of Realm_, vol. i. p. 331.)

Footnote 432:

An epitaph in St. Anthony’s, London, dated 1400, says of the deceased that he was—

‘The King’s weigher more than yeres twentie, Simon Street, callyd in my place.’ (_Maitland_, ii. 375.)

Footnote 433:

The local form is found in the case of ‘Jeffery Talbothe,’ a Norfolk Rector in 1371. (Blomefield). The ‘receipt of custom’ is with Wickliffe the ‘tolbothe.’

Footnote 434:

Skelton seems of the same mind as the author of _Cocke Lorelle_.

‘So many lollers, So few true tollers, So many pollers, Saw I never.’

Footnote 435:

I need not remind the majority of my readers of the origin of our term ‘lumber room,’ that it is but a corruption of lombard-room, or the chamber in which the mediæval pawnbroker stored up all his pledges. Hence we now speak of any useless cumbrous articles as ‘lumber.’

Footnote 436:

Mr. Halliwell gives ‘chevisance,’ an agreement, and ‘chevish,’ to bargain. Mr. Way commenting on ‘chevystyn,’ quotes Fabyan as saying—‘I will assaye to have hys Erldom in morgage, for welle I knowe he must chevyche for money to perfourme that journey.’ Mr. Wright’s Glossary to _Piers Plowman_ has ‘chevysaunce, an agreement for borrowing money.’ The word often occurs in mediæval writers, and no wonder at least one surname arose as a consequence.

Footnote 437:

An act of Richard II. speaks of officers and ministers made by brocage, and of their broggers, and of them that have taken the said brocage, ‘pour brogage, et de lor broggers, et de,’ etc.

Footnote 438:

I use this phrase as the most convenient. I shall have to record many descriptive compounds under every separate division, but it is the most suited for my purpose, and will embrace all the more eccentric nicknames that I have met with in my researches, especially those made up of verb and substantive, a practice which opened out a wide field for the inventive powers of our forefathers.

Footnote 439:

‘Lease to Thomas Unkle of a wood within the manor of Bolynbroke, Nov. 30, 1485.’ (Materials for Hist. Henry VII. 593 p.)

Footnote 440:

The English form of Guido was commonly Wydo—hence such entries as ‘Wydo Wodecok,’ or ‘William fil. Wydo.’ Thus, as I have already said, ‘Widowson’ may be a patronymic.

Footnote 441:

The curious name of ‘John Orphan-strange’ is found in a Cambridge register for 1544. (_Hist. C.C. Coll. Cam._) Doubtless he had been a foundling.

Footnote 442:

Some Norman-French terms of relationship have been translated, resulting in names of utterly different sense. Thus Beaupere, a stepfather, has become ‘Fairsire;’ ‘Beaufils,’ a step-son (still surviving in Boffill), ‘Fairchild’; and ‘Beaufrere,’ a step-brother, ‘Fairbrother,’ or ‘Farebrother.’

Footnote 443:

‘Adam de Halfnaked’ (H.), ‘Adam de Halnaked’ (M.).

Footnote 444:

The Hundred Rolls have a ‘Henry Mucklebone.’

Footnote 445:

‘Lusty,’ ‘Fat,’ and ‘Stout’ evidently were not expressive enough for some of our forefathers, to judge by such entries as ‘Henry Pudding,’ ‘William Broadgirdel,’ or ‘Joan Broad-belt.’ The last still lives.

Footnote 446:

Epitaph on William Younger, Rector of Great-Melton, deceased March 6th, 1661, ætat. 57—

‘Younger he was by name, but not in grace, Elder than he, in this, must give him place.’

(_Hist. of Norfolk_, vol. v. p. 13.) ‘Youngerman’ may be seen over a shop in Cheetham Hill Road, Manchester.

Footnote 447:

‘Littler’ and ‘littlest’ were once the common degrees of comparison. Shakespeare uses the superlative. Mr. Halliwell gives the Norfolk dialect a large range. Besides ‘less’ and ‘least’ he adds ‘lesser’ and ‘lessest,’ ‘lesserer’ and ‘lesserest,’ ‘lesserer still’ and ‘lessest of all,’ and ‘littler’ and ‘littlest.’

Footnote 448:

The former ‘Haut,’ that is, high or tall, is obsolete, I think. ‘Robert le Haut’ is met with in a Norfolk register. (_Hist. Norf._, Index.)

Footnote 449:

It is curious to compare local registers with local dictionaries. Thus the _Promptorium Parvulorum_ gives as a familiar Norfolk term in the fourteenth century, ‘craske, fryke of fatte,’ or ‘lusty,’ as we should now say. This crask was a vulgar form of the French ‘cras’ (Latin, ‘crassus’). Turning to our registers, we find that while our ‘Crass’s’ are found in our more general rolls as ‘Richard le Cras’ or ‘John le Cras’ or ‘Stephen Crassus,’ our ‘Crasks’ must go to a Norfolk entry for a ‘Walter le Crask.’ (_Vide Hist. Norfolk_, Index. Blomefield.)

Footnote 450:

‘Robert Manekin,’ A. Nevertheless this is a baptismal name also with the diminutive ‘kin’ appended. ‘Manekyn le Heaumer,’ H.

Footnote 451:

‘To make a mow’ was to put on a mocking expression. The word was once very familiar, though rarely used now. Bishop Bradford, speaking of the Romish priesthood, says—‘They never preach forth the Lord’s death but in mockery and mows.’ (_Parker Soc._, p. 395.) _Mow_ has no relation to _mouth_.

Footnote 452:

‘William Malregard’ (T.), or ‘Geoffrey Malreward’ (T.), _i.e._ Evil-eye, would not possess enviable sobriquets, but the name lingered on for several centuries.

Footnote 453:

‘John Monoculus’ occurs in _Memorials of Fountains Abbey_.

Footnote 454:

A ‘William Blackhead’ entered C. C. Coll. Cam. in 1669, and a ‘Thomas Hardhede’ in 1467. (_Hist. C. C. Coll._)

Footnote 455:

The Abbot of Leicester in 1474 was one ‘John Sheepshead.’ ‘William Sheepshead’ is also mentioned in the Index to Nicholls’ _Leicester_.

Footnote 456:

We must not forget, however, that ‘swier’ is early found as a provincialism for ‘squier,’ so that it may be referred in some cases to that once important officer. (v. p. 199.)

Footnote 457:

‘Guy le Armerecte’ (A.) would seem to be a Latinization of the name.

Footnote 458:

‘Henry Langbane’ occurs in the list of the Corpus Christi Guild, York. (Surt. Soc.)

Footnote 459:

I see ‘Catterman’ also exists. This is early faced by ‘Richard Catermayn’ (H.).

Footnote 460:

Robert Pettifer was Sheriff of Gloucester in 1603. (Rudder’s _Gloucestershire_, p. 116.)

Footnote 461:

The famous old surname of ‘Ironsides’ is found so late as 1754, the Lord Mayor of London for that year being ‘Edward Ironside.’ The Bishop of Bristol in 1689 was ‘Gilbert Ironside.’ His father, ‘Gilbert Ironside,’ preceded him in the same see.

Footnote 462:

‘Antony Knebone’ (Z.). This would seem to belong to a similar class.

Footnote 463:

‘Leg’ did not come into use till the beginning of the xiiith century, when it was imported from Norway. ‘Shank,’ as the various compound sobriquets found below will fully prove, did duty.

Footnote 464:

Mr. Halliwell quotes the following couplet from an old manuscript:

‘Hir one _schanke_ blak hir other _graye_, A nd all her body like the lede.’—(Dic. I. 1.)

Footnote 465:

‘Gerald Bushanke’ (A.). This might be ‘Beau-shank,’ and therefore equivalent to ‘Bellejambe,’ but such an admixture of languages is not likely. We still speak of ‘bow-leg,’ and this is the more probable origin.

Footnote 466:

_Swift_, however, is not the only courier’s sobriquet preserved to us. ‘In the Countess of Leicester’s service were several whose real names were sunk in titles ridiculously descriptive of their qualities. “_Slingaway_,” the learned editor of the Household Roll, has pointed out, he might have added “_Gobithestie_” (go a bit hasty) and “_Bolett_” (bullet), so denominated from their speed, and “_Truebodie_” (true body) from his fidelity. These were all couriers.’ (_Hous. Exp. Bish. Swinfield_, p. 143.)

Footnote 467:

‘C. P. Golightly,’ ‘Thomas Golightly.’ _Vide_ Clergy List, 1848, and other directories.

Footnote 468:

I have mentioned ‘Matilda Finger’ (H.). I do not find any ‘Toe’ in our Directories, but ‘Peter Pricktoe’ (M.) and ‘Thomas Pinchshu’ (A.) existed in the xivth century.

Footnote 469:

Accidents of this kind naturally became sobriquets, and then surnames. Hence such entries as ‘William Crypling’ (A.), ‘William Onhand’ (B.), ‘John Onehand’ (D.), or ‘John Handless’ (W. 11). ‘John Gouty’ (V. 1) represents a still troublesome complaint, and may be mentioned here.

Footnote 470:

‘Jordan le Madde’ occurs in the _Placita de Quo Warranto_.

Footnote 471:

‘William Whitehand’ is set down in the C. C. Coll. records for 1665. (_Hist. C. C. Coll. Cam._) ‘Humbert Blanchmains’ is found in Nicholls’ _Leicestershire_.

Footnote 472:

In the _Prompt. Parv._ we find not merely ‘slyke, or smothe,’ but ‘slykeston.’ The slick or sleek stone was used for smoothing linen or paper; _vide_ Mr. Way’s note thereon, p. 458. ‘The eban stone which goldsmiths used to sleeken their gold with,’ etc. (Burton’s _Anatomy_.)

Footnote 473:

Thus ‘Bell’ comes into three categories—the local, the baptismal, and the sobriquet, represented in our registers by three such entries as ‘John atte Bell’ (X.), ‘Richard fil. Bell’ (A.), and ‘Walter le Bel’ (G.).

Footnote 474:

‘Katharine Prettyman’ (Z.), ‘William Prettiman’ (F.F.). The name still flourishes, and as ‘Miss Prettiman’ figures in the _Caudle Lectures_.

Footnote 475:

‘Nutbrown’ is found in several early records, and existed till 1630 at least. ‘George Nutbrowne was sworne the same daye pistler, and Nathaniel Pownell, gospeller.’ (_Cheque Bk._, Chapel Royal (Cam. Soc.), p. 12.)

Footnote 476:

‘White’ and ‘Grissel’ are combined in ‘Anne Griselwhite,’ a name occurring in an old Norfolk register. (_Vide_ Index, _Hist. Norfolk_, Blomefield.)

Footnote 477:

‘Thomas Pock-red’ in the Hundred Rolls would not be acceptable.

Footnote 478:

‘Blanchfront’ seems to have been common, as I find it in three distinct registers. ‘Joan Blaunkfrount,’ a nun of Molseby. (_Letters from Northern Registers_, p. 319.) ‘Philip Blanchfront’ (F. F.), ‘Amabil Blanchfront.’ (Fines, Ric. i.)

Footnote 479:

It was in the house of a Josias Roughead, of Bedford, that John Bunyan was first licensed to preach in 1672.

Footnote 480:

‘Richard Flaxennehed’ occurs in the Hundred Rolls.

Footnote 481:

‘Antony Wiselheade’ is registered in Elizabeth’s reign in the _Calendar to Pleadings_.

Footnote 482:

‘William Whiteheare’ was Dean of Bristol, 1551. (Barrett, _Hist. Bristol_.)

Footnote 483:

‘1522, 31 Dec. To Mr. William Farehaire, Doctor of Laws.’ (_Letters of Fraternity_ (Durham Priory), p. 119. Surt. Soc.)

Names like ‘William Harebrown,’ ‘Ralph Lightred,’ and ‘John Litewhyte’ seem to belong to the same category with the above.

Footnote 484:

Burton, in his _Anatomy of Melancholy_, says, ‘Apollonius will have Jason’s golden hair to be the main cause of Medea’s dotage on him. Castor and Pollux were both yellow-haired. Homer so commends Helen, makes Patroclus and Achilles both yellow-haired; Pulchricoma Venus, and Cupid himself was yellow-haired.’

Footnote 485:

This sobriquet, as old as the Hundred Rolls, is found in the xviith cent., at Durham. ‘Peter Blackbeard’ was ‘brought up for not paying Easter reckonings, 1676.’ (_Dean Granville’s Letters_, p. 235.)

Footnote 486:

A contributor to _Notes and Queries_, Jan. 14, 1860, quotes an old Ipswich record in which is mentioned an ‘Alexander Redberd’ dwelling there in the early part of the sixteenth century.

Footnote 487:

‘John Brounberd, son of William, a hostage from Galloway.’

(_Letters from Northern Registers_, p. 163.)

‘Janet Brounebeard’ was an inmate of St. Thomas’s Hospital, York, February 6, 1553. (W. 11, p. 304.)

Footnote 488:

I find this name still exists as ‘Pickavant.’ It may be seen over a boot and shoe warehouse by the Railway Station at Southport, Lancashire. Probably ‘Pickance’ is an abbreviated form. ‘Charles, son of Daniel and Eliza Pickance, bapt. March 26, 1754.’ (St. Ann’s, Manchester.)

Footnote 489:

Many of my readers will be familiar with the sobriquet ‘nottpated,’ which Shakespeare puts in Prince Henry’s mouth several times.

Footnote 490:

‘_Calvus_ protests for foes he doth not care; For why? They cannot take from him _one hair_.’ (_Satyrical Epigrams_, 1619.)

Footnote 491:

The _Athenæum_ thinks the more manifest origin is the local ‘peel,’ a small fortress used by Chaucer in the House of Fame—

‘God save the lady of this _pele_.’

I was not ignorant of the word, but as I could not find any examples in the old rolls, I gave the preference to the nickname. I have since met with an entry which justifies the _Athenæum’s_ remark: ‘1605, Nov. 14, Rodger of ye Peele.’ Also, ‘1621, July 10, Robarte Rodley, of ye Peele in Chetham.’ (_Memorials of Manchester Streets_, p. 282.)

Footnote 492:

‘John Lytlehare’ occurs in a Norfolk register. Query, is it meant for ‘Littlehair’? Probably it is. (Blomefield’s _Norfolk_.) ‘Simon Lytehare’ (lyte = little) is found in the Parl. Writs. ‘Richard le Herprute’ occurs in the H.R. The modern form would be ‘Hairproud.’

Footnote 493:

‘Plunket’ was in early use as a perversion of ‘blanket.’ Thus a statute of Richard III. relating to this stuff calls it ‘plonket.’ The form in the _Prompt. Parv._ is ‘plunket;’ and Mr. Way, commenting upon it, quotes a line from the _Awntyrs of Arthure_—

‘Hir belte was of plonkete, with birdis fulle baulde.’

Footnote 494:

This was a nickname of Sir Thomas Woodcock, Lord Mayor of London, 1405—

‘Hic jacet, Tom Shorthose, Sine tomb, sine sheets, sine riches.’

In the neighbourhood of Belper this surname may be commonly met with. Some change of fashion at this date, encouraged by the mayoralty, would readily give rise to the sobriquet in the metropolis. Some country squire or bumpkin carried the new style into Derbyshire, and the Belper people still relate the fact of the grotesque appearance he then made in their eyes by the nom-de-plume that as a necessary consequence arose. ‘Sic est vita _nominum_.’

Footnote 495:

‘Agnes Blakmantyll’ (W. 11) occurs in an old York register, 1455, but must have become obsolete with the bearer, I should imagine.

Footnote 496:

‘John Caury-Maury’ (V. 8) belongs to this class. It was a nickname given to him on account of the exceedingly coarse cloth in which he was attired. In Skelton’s _Elynour Rummyng_, some slatterns are thus described—

‘Some loke strawry, Some cawry mawry.’

‘Item, presentatum est quod ‘Johannes Caurymaury,’ ‘Johannes le Fleming,’ ‘Hugo Bunting,’ ‘Isaac de Stanford,’ et Lucas de eadem consueti fuerunt currere cum canibus suis sine warento,’ etc. (_Chronicon Petroburgense. Cam. Soc._, p. 138.)

Footnote 497:

This may be local.

Footnote 498:

We all remember in ‘_Love’s Labour’s Lost_’ how Armado, being pressed to fight, refuses to undress, and says: ‘The naked truth of it is, I have no shirt; I go woolward for penance.’

Footnote 499:

One feels much tempted to add ‘Roylance’ to this list. It certainly has a most kingly aspect. Still there can be little doubt that it is but a corruption of ‘Rylands.’

Footnote 500:

I need not stay to point out the early familiar use of ‘yard’ as a stick or staff of any length. In Wicklyffe’s New Testament we find the following:—‘And he seide to hem nothing take ye in the weye—neither yerde, ne scrippe, neither breed, ne money.’ (Luke ix. 3.) Our Authorized Version still preserves the meteyard from obsoletism: ‘Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure.’ (Lev. xix. 35.)

Footnote 501:

The horn was carried by the watchman as well as the huntsman and the cryer. ‘Henry Watchorn’ was mayor of Leicester in 1780, and the name occurs in the Nottingham Directory for 1864. Other compounds besides ‘Waghorn’ are ‘Crookhorn,’ ‘Cramphorn’ (_i.e._, crooked horn), ‘Langhorn’ and ‘Whitehorn.’

Footnote 502:

It was a Captain Waghorn who was tried by court-martial for the wreck of the _Royal George_, which went down off Portsmouth in 1782. He was acquitted, however.

Footnote 503:

‘Anne, daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth Shakeshaft, baptized Dec. 6, 1744.’ (St. Ann’s, Register, Manchester.)

Footnote 504:

‘Robert Go-before’ in the Rolls of Parl. is an evident sobriquet affixed upon some official of this class.

Footnote 505:

‘John Swyrdebrake,’ alias ‘John Taillour.’

(_Materials for Hist. Henry VII._, p. 441.)

Footnote 506:

In a list of bankrupts, dated the thirteenth year of Elizabeth, and quoted in _Notes and Queries_, Jan. 1860, occurs an ‘Anthony Halstaffe,’ doubtless originally ‘Halestaffe,’ from ‘hale,’ to drag, and thus a likely sobriquet for a catchpoll or bailiff.

Footnote 507:

In the biographical notice appended to Archbishop Sandys’ Sermons, published by the Parker Society, we find that one of his friends was called ‘Hurlestone.’ This will be of similar origin with ‘Hurlebat.’ (pp. 13, 14.)

Footnote 508:

‘Thomas Crakyshield’ was Rector of North Creak in Norfolk in the year 1412. (_Hist. Norfolk_, vii. 77.)

Footnote 509:

‘William Ryghtwys’ was Vicar of Fouldon in 1497. (Blomefield’s _Norfolk_.) ‘Upright’ appeared in a trial at Exeter in October 1874.

Footnote 510:

‘Make’ was a familiar compound. ‘Joan Make-peace’ was sister to Henry III., and so named by the Scotch through her betrowal to their monarch, by which peace was brought about. Bishop Hall uses the opposite for a quarrelsome fellow—

‘If brabbling Makefray, at each faire and ’size, Picks quarrels for to show his valiantise.’

‘Julian Make-blisse’ and ‘John Make-blythe’ occur in two separate rolls, and Mr. Lower mentions a ‘Maud Make-joy’ in an old Wardrobe Account: ‘1297, Dec. 26. To Maud Make-joy for dancing before Edward Prince of Wales, at Ipswich, 2_s._’ Here the sobriquet is adopted in compliment to the profession.

Footnote 511:

Our ‘Hardmans’ are but a corruption of ‘Hardyman.’ John Hardyman, D.D., was installed prebend of Chester in June, 1563. (Ormerod’s _Cheshire_, vol. i. p. 223.)

Footnote 512:

‘Reginald Littleprowe’ was Mayor of Norwich in 1532, and ‘John Littleproud’ was buried at ‘Attleburgh’ in 1619. (_Hist. Norf._, iii. 219, and i. 535.) This sobriquet, I doubt not, was in sarcastic allusion to the haughty demeanour of its first possessor. As in so many cases, however, there seems to have been no objection to its acceptance on the part of his posterity.

Footnote 513:

‘Oswin Sharparrow’ (W. 3), ‘John Sharparrow’ (W. 2), ‘William Sharparrow’ (W. 11). The original nominee was probably of a sarcastic turn. The following inscription was once to be seen in York Minster: ‘Orate pro anima dom. Johannis Sharparrowe, quondam parsone in Eccles. Cath. Ebor., qui obiit xxv. die Oct. an. 1411.’ (Drake’s _Eboracum_, p. 498.)

Footnote 514:

‘Deliver’ as an adjective meant ‘nimble,’ ‘lithe.’ It was familiarly used. Chaucer has ‘deliverly,’ ‘deliverness,’ and ‘deliver.’ Of the young squier he says—

‘Of his stature he was of even lengthe, And wonderly deliver, and great of strengthe.’

‘Ralph le Delivre’ is found in the Rot. Curiæ Regis.

Footnote 515:

The names of ‘Thomas le Busteler’ (F.F.) and ‘Robert le Bustler’ (T.) are less complimentary than most of the above. ‘Nicholas le Medler’ (A.) would be quite as objectionable.

Footnote 516:

‘Craske, fryke of fatte,’ _i.e._, lusty, fresh. (_Pr. Par._)

Footnote 517:

‘Richard Curtevalur’ (A.) would seem to have had an instinctive acquaintance with the moral of that couplet which asserts that

‘He who fights and runs away Shall live to fight another day.’

There are a good many people, I fancy, who thus ‘take thought for the morrow.’

Footnote 518:

Fr. Preux = valiant.

Footnote 519:

‘Simon Stallworthe’ is mentioned in the _Grants of Edward the Fifth_. (Cam. Soc.) The modern form of the term colloquially used is ‘stalwart.’

Footnote 520:

‘Arthur Purefoy’ or ‘Purefaye’ was Rector of Redenhall in 1584. (_Hist. Norf._, v. 363.)

Footnote 521:

Thus Archbishop Sandys commences a sermon at Paul’s Cross:—‘The Apostle St. Peter, like a perfit workman and a skilful builder, first layeth a sure foundation.’ (_Parker Soc._, p. 386.)

Footnote 522:

‘Thomas Bontemps’ appears in a Norfolk register of the fourteenth century. (_Hist. Norfolk_, Index.) It seems somewhat analogous to the now familiar ‘Bonheur.’

Footnote 523:

The son and successor of Charlemagne, Louis First, went by the sobriquet of ‘le Debonnaire,’ on account of his courteous and affable character.

Footnote 524:

‘Thomas Gentilhomme’ in the Writs of Paul represents the Norman-French form. The surname still exists in France, as does ‘Gentleman’ in England.

Footnote 525:

Akin to ‘Malcolm le Musard’ (M.) was ‘Alan le Mute’ (A.). ‘Henry Duceparole’ (T.) or ‘Richard Parlebien’ (M.) is decidedly complimentary, but ‘William Spekelital’ (P.) would seem to have been morose.

Footnote 526:

‘John Strictman’ (A.) and ‘John le Severe’ (A.) may be set here.

Footnote 527:

_The Babees’ Book_ (Early Eng. Text. Soc.).

Footnote 528:

‘Every midwyfe shulde be presented with honest women of great gravity to the Bysshop,’ for she ‘shulde be a sadde woman, wyse and discrete, having experience.’ (Andrew Boorde.)

Footnote 529:

The Hundred Rolls give us a ‘Robert le Sotele.’ ‘Salomon le Sotel’ was Sheriff of London in 1290, according to Stow. There is no reason to suppose that either of these was distinguished for any of the unpleasant features that often belong to sharp characteristics.

Footnote 530:

The Issue Roll gives us an opposite characteristic in ‘Thomas Litilskill.’

Footnote 531:

‘Christopher Greynhorne’ (W. 15) would represent the modern sense of this word.

Footnote 532:

There used to be an old proverb—

‘Whylst grasse doth growe oft sterves the seely steede.’

_Vide_ Dyce’s notes to ‘All’s Well that Ends Well.’ (_Shakespeare’s Works_, vol. iii. p. 288.) One of the best illustrations of this word, however, is to be met with in Foxe’s _Martyrology_, where, describing the martyrdom of a young child not seven years old, he says: ‘The captain, perceiving the child invincible and himself vanquished, committed the silly soul, the blessed babe, the child uncherished, to the stinking prison.’ (Vol. i. p. 126, Edit. 1844.)

Footnote 533:

Thomas Selybarn (_i.e._ Silly-child) occurs in the York Guild. (W. 11.)

Footnote 534:

Joyce may belong either to the nickname or the baptismal class. ‘Richard le Joyce,’ J., ‘Joyce Faukes,’ H., ‘Joice Frankline,’ W. 9.

Footnote 535:

‘William Gladchere’ (‘Gladcheer’) (F.F.) would be a pleasant sobriquet.

Footnote 536:

‘Alicia Blissewenche’ occurs in the Hundred Rolls—a light-hearted ruddy-faced country girl of happy disposition and blithe expression. I doubt not he was a lucky swain who got her to go to the priest with him to sue wedlock. Cf. ‘Jeffery Joyemaiden’ in the same record.

Footnote 537:

The early ‘John Bellewether’ (H.) may be either a partial translation of this, or that which is more likely, a sobriquet taken from the custom of fastening a bell around the neck of the leading sheep, by which to conduct the rest. We still term such an one the ‘bell-wether.’

Footnote 538:

We never use ‘merry’ now in relation to sacred things, though our English Bible does. The fact is, the word has somewhat sunk in the social scale. Few preachers would say, as Bishop Bradford could say quite naturally in his day, ‘The Lord for Christ’s sake give us merry hearts to drink lustily of His sweet cup.’ A monument in Marshfield Church on A. Meredeth ends thus —

‘Judge then, what he did lose who lost but breath, Lived to die well, and dyed A MEREDETH. (Rudder’s _Gloucestershire_.)

Footnote 539:

‘Sweetlove’ is met by ‘Duzamour;’ ‘Felicia Duzamour’ occurs in the Domesday, St. Paul’s (Cam. Soc.). ‘Dulcia Fynamour’ is set down in the _Wardrobe Accounts_ Ed. 1.

Footnote 540:

‘Wooer,’ and even ‘Wooeress,’ seem to have existed. ‘John le Wower’ (A.), ‘Hugh le Wewer’ (R.), ‘Emma Woweres’ (A.).

Footnote 541:

‘Ralph Full-of-Love’ was Rector of West Lynn in the year 1462. (_Hist. of Norfolk_, vol. viii. p. 536.)

Footnote 542:

‘Well beloved’ was the usual term applied in any formal address in the Middle Ages, such as when a king in council made any public announcement, or when a priest addressed his people, or when a testator mentioned a legatee. It was then a perfectly familiar expression, and would easily affix itself as a sobriquet. A Rev. C. Wellbeloved published a translation of the Bible in 1838, printed by Smallfield and Co., London.

Footnote 543:

‘Sweet’ and its compounds, however, are most probably to be referred to our baptismal nomenclature. A ‘Swet le Bone’ is found in the Hundred Rolls, and in the same record occur such other forms as ‘Swetman fil. Edith’ and ‘Sweteman Textor.’

Footnote 544:

In All Saints Church, Hertford, exists or existed a tablet with an inscription dated 1428, beginning thus—

‘Here lyeth under this stone William Wake, And by him Joane his wife and make.’ (Clutterbuck’s _Hertfordshire_, vol. ii., p. 165.)

Footnote 545:

‘Prudens’ should more properly, perhaps, be placed among abstract virtues. ‘Richard Prudence’ F.F. Later on it became a baptismal name—‘Prudence Howell.’ (Proceedings in Chancery: Elizabeth.)

Footnote 546:

‘Richard Merricocke’ (F.F.) was evidently a jovial fellow.

Footnote 547:

‘Parramore’ is always found as ‘Paramour’ in early rolls, and in this form existed till the xviith century. ‘April 18, 1635, Whitehall. Captain Thomas Paramour appointed to the _Adventure_.’ State Papers, 1635 (Domestic).

Footnote 548:

It was a favourite joke some few years ago in the House of Commons to say that there were in it two Lemons and but one Peel. While Sir Robert Peel was Irish Secretary, from 1812 to 1818, and was somewhat remarkable in that capacity for his opposition to the Roman Catholics, it was customary to style him by the sobriquet of ‘Orange Peel.’

Footnote 549:

‘Lyare, or gabbare—mendax, mendosus.’ (_Prompt. Parv._) ‘Henry le Liere’ (H.R.) speaks for himself, unless he _belies_ himself.

Footnote 550:

Like ‘Gabelot,’ ‘Hamelot,’ ‘Hughelot,’ ‘Crestelot,’ etc., ‘Gibelot’ may be a diminutive, in which case ‘Gilbert’ will be the root, and the name will belong to the patronymic class. (_Vide_ p. 16, note 1.)

Footnote 551:

A ‘William Gidyheved’ (Giddyhead) is mentioned by Mr. Riley as living in London in the xivth century. (X. index.)

Footnote 552:

In the _Pr. Par._, ‘Gybelot’ (or Gyglot) is rendered ‘ridax.’

Footnote 553:

Teetotalism was not without its representatives—‘Thomas le Sober’ (M.), ‘Richard Drynkewatere’ (M.), ‘John Drinkewater’ (A.). There is no proof for Camden’s statement that this is a corruption of Derwentwater. From the earliest days it appears in its present dress.

Footnote 554:

‘Memorandum, quod die sancti Leonardi, fecit Galfridus Dringkedregges de Ubbethorp homagium.’ (V. 8, p. 151.)

Footnote 555:

‘Thomas Sourale’ (A.) is met by ‘John Sweteale,’ a member of St. George’s Guild, Norwich (V.). The former, I doubt not, was a crabbed peevish fellow.

Footnote 556:

‘Simon le Chuffere’ occurs in the H.R. This was a common term of opprobrium for a miser. As ‘Chuffer’ it is found in the _Townley Mysteries_.

Footnote 557:

‘The wife of Mr. Turnpenny, newsagent, Leeds, was yesterday delivered of two sons and one daughter, all of whom are doing well (_Manchester Evening News_, July 1, 1873.)

Footnote 558:

‘William Taylemayle’ is found in the _Chronicon Petroburgense_. (Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 559:

We may also mention ‘Gilbert le Covetiose’ (M.) and ‘Robert Would-have.’ We still say ‘much would have more.’ ‘Robert Would-have, sergeant-at-mace, witness in trial before the Mayor of Newcastle, March 23, 1662.’ (W. 16.)

Footnote 560:

‘William Rakestraw’ reminds us of ‘Piers Plowman’s ‘ratoner and rakyer of Cheape,’ _i.e._, ratcatcher and scavenger of Cheapside. A still more objectionable name was that of ‘Adam Ketmongere’ (H.R.), Ket = filth, carrion. ‘Honorius le Rumonjour’ (Rummager) (N.) would seem to have followed a similar calling. These sobriquets would readily be affixed upon men of a penurious and scraping character.

Footnote 561:

‘William Wildeblood’ is found in a Yorkshire Roll (W. 9), and ‘Jordan Kite-wilde’ in the H.R.

Footnote 562:

Also ‘Agnes Gyngyvere’ in Riley’s _Memorials of London_. Like ‘John Vergoose’ (W. 13) _i.e._, vinegarish, they would seem to hit off the sharp temperament of their owners.

Footnote 563:

_Vide_ Lower’s _English Surnames_, i. 242.

Footnote 564:

Thus it is with our ‘Roses.’ The Rot. Fin. in _Turri London_. give us a ‘John de la Rose,’ while the Hundred Rolls furnish us with a ‘Nicholas de la Rose.’

Footnote 565:

‘Paid John of the hall, of tow (two) urchines, 0_l._ 0_s._ 4_d._’ (_Hist. and Ant. Staffordshire_, i. 197.)

Footnote 566:

George Camel and Jane Camel were apprehended as Popish recusants, May 2, 1673. (_Dean Granville’s Letters_, p. 225.) ‘William Cammille’ (V. 4), ‘George Camil’ (W. 20).

Footnote 567:

‘1438.’ “Item, pro aula ‘Olefante,’ Magister Kyllynworth.” (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._ p. 522.) This hall or smaller college was so called from the sign over the door. Skelton has both ‘olyfant’ and ‘olyphante.’ He describes a woman in ‘Eleanor Rummyng’ as

‘Necked lyke an olyfant.’

Footnote 568:

‘Herveus de Lyons,’ C., ‘Richard de Lyouns,’ M.

Footnote 569:

It was ‘Hugues le Loup’ the Conqueror appointed Second Count of the Cheshire Palatinate.

Footnote 570:

‘Lovel’ is the diminutive. ‘Maulovel’ will thus be ‘Bad-wolfkin.’

Footnote 571:

A Rascal was a lean, ragged deer; Shakespeare so uses it. Very early, however, the term was applied to the vulgar _herd_ of human kind, but with far less opprobious meaning than now. Hall, quoting Henry of Northumberland, speaks of Henry IV. as having obtained his crown ‘by the counsaill of thy frendes, and by open noising of the rascale people’ (f. xxi.), _i.e._ the rabble. An extract from the Ordinances of Henry VIII. at Eltham says, ‘It is ordained that none of the sergeants at arms, heralds ... have, retain, or bring into the court any boyes or rascalles, nor also other of their servants.’ The surname was very common, and lasted a long time—‘John Raskele’ (H.), ‘Henry Rascall’ (Z.). Robert Rascal was persecuted for his religion in 1517 (Foxe). ‘Received for a pewe in the lower end of the churche set to Richard Rascalle, vi_s._’ (Ludlow Churchwardens’ Accounts, Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 572:

As we have Cock and Cockerell, Duck and Duckrell, so we have Buck and Buckerell—‘Peter Bokerel’ (A.), ‘Matthew Bokerel’ (A.). Cf. Mackarel and Pickerell.

Footnote 573:

Sometimes this is local, and a mere corruption of Beauvoir—‘Roger de Belvoir’ (M.).

Footnote 574:

‘Duncalf’ may be seen over a window in Oldham Road, Manchester. ‘William Duncalf’ (A.A. 1), ‘John Duncalf’ (A.A. 1).

Footnote 575:

Such names as Roger Runcy, Richard Palefray, John Portehors, or Ralph Portehos represent terms very familiar to our forefathers.

Footnote 576:

This word ‘beef’ as denotive of the living animal was in vogue in the seventeenth century at least. The plural ‘beeves’ is still to be found in our Authorized Version. For instance, Levit. xxii. 19, is translated, ‘Ye shall offer at your own will a male without blemish of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats.’ Shakespeare, also, has the word in this sense. He speaks in his ‘Merchant of Venice’ of the—

‘Flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats.’

We have here mutton used in the same manner. Edward the Second was accustomed ‘to breede upp beeves and motonnes in his parkes to serve his household.’ (_Liber Niger_, Ed. IV.)

Footnote 577:

Apart from such entries as ‘William le Lamb,’ we find a ‘John Lambgrome’ in the Hundred Rolls. Though obsolete, we must set him by our ‘Shepherds.’ A brother-in-law of John Wesley bore the name of ‘Whitelamb.’ I am not sure whether this surname has died out or not. In the _Visitation of Yorkshire_, 1665, it is found in the person of ‘Isabel Whitlamb.’

Footnote 578:

‘Robert Spichfat’ (X.), ‘William Spichfat’ (W. 11.), from the old ‘spic,’ bacon, seem to refer to the greasy habits of their owners.

Footnote 579:

Christopher Pigg was Mayor of Lynn Regis in 1742.

Footnote 580:

An old political poem says the Italians bring in

‘Apes and japes and mamusetts taylede, Nifles, trifles, that litelle have avayled.’

Footnote 581:

_Raton_ is still the term in the North. Langland uses it, and in Chaucer the Potecary is asked by a purchaser—

‘That he him would sell Some poison, that he might his ratouns quell.’

Footnote 582:

‘Some bileve that yf the kite or the puttock fle ovir the way afore them that they should fare wel that daye, for sumtyme they have farewele after that they see the puttock so fleyinge.’ (_Brand_, iii. 113.)

Footnote 583:

Our present Authorized Version retains the term in Deut. xiv. 13, where mention is made of ‘the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind.’ Locally it is found in ‘Gledhill’ and ‘Gladstone,’ or more correctly ‘Gledstane,’ that is, the hill or crag which the kites were wont to frequent. A ‘William de Gledstanys’ is met with in the Coldingham Priory Records of the date of 1357, proving its North English origin. ‘Hawkstone’ and ‘Gladstone’ are thus synonymous.

Footnote 584:

‘Richard Sparhawke’ was Rector of Fincham in 1534. (_Hist. Norf._, vii. 358.)

Footnote 585:

‘Philip Chikin’ (A.), ‘John Chikin’ (A.). The name existed in the xviith cent., for one ‘George Chicken’ was summoned at Ryton ‘for not payeing his assessments, July 28, 1673.’ (_Dean Granville’s Letters_, Sur. Soc.).

Footnote 586:

‘Peter le Goos,’ F.F., ‘Walter le Gows,’ A., ‘Amicia le Gos,’ J., ‘John le Gos,’ M. The latter, as ‘Goss,’ is the present most common form.

Footnote 587:

This is as often from Joscelyn. ‘Gosceline fil. Gawyn,’ A., ‘Roger fil. Gocelin,’ A.

Footnote 588:

A tablet with the inscription ‘Sacred to the Memory of Priscilla Blackbird’ has been put up in Stepney churchyard within the last few years.

Footnote 589:

‘The bailiffs and commons granted to Robert Popingeay, their fellow citizen, all their tenement and garden in the Parish of St. Mary in the Marsh.’ 1371. (_Hist. Norf._, iii. 97.) ‘Richard Popingay,’ T.T. ‘To a servaunt of William ap Howell for bringing of a popyngay to the Quene to Windesore, xiii_s._ iiii_d._’ (_Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York_, 1502.)

Footnote 590:

‘He turnede upso down the boordis of chaungeris, and the chayers of men that solden culvers.’ (Matt. xxi. 12. v. Wicklyffe.)

Footnote 591:

The _Prompt. Par._ has ‘reyn-fowle, a bryd,’ so called, the Editor says, because its cry was supposed to prognosticate rain.

Footnote 592:

‘Thomas le Whal’ (B.), ‘Ralph le Wal’ (A.). As with Oliphant, over-corpulence would give rise to the sobriquet.

Footnote 593:

‘Reymund Heryng’ (M.). The diminutive is found in the case of ‘Stephen Harengot’ (D.D.), _i.e._, ‘Little Herring.’

Footnote 594:

‘Elizabeth Salmon’ (G.). _It is said_, a Mr. Salmon having been presented by his wife with three boys at one birth, gave them the names of ‘Pickled,’ ‘Potted,’ and ‘Fresh.’ I would call the reader’s attention to the italicised words that preface the statement.

Footnote 595:

Daniel Turbot was summoned ‘for not paying Easter reckonyngs, Aug. 23rd, 1674.’ (_Granville’s Letters._ Sur. Soc.)

Footnote 596:

‘Matthew Chubb,’ a member of the ‘Gild of Tailors, Exeter.’—21 Ed. IV. (_English Gilds_, 323 p.)

Footnote 597:

‘John Tenche’ (A.). Tenche is the name of one of the yeomen of the Guard to Queen Mary when Princess Mary. (_Priv. Purse Exp._ 1543.)

Footnote 598:

Thomas Spratt was Bishop of Rochester in 1688.

Footnote 599:

This is doubtless but a feminine form of Odo.

Footnote 600:

‘Roger le Waps’ is found in a Sussex subsidy roll of 1296. (Lower, i. 242.)

Footnote 601:

In Ricart’s _Kalendar of Bristol_ (Cam. Soc.), William and Robert Snake are set down among the earlier ‘Prepositi.’

Footnote 602:

In 1433 it had got corrupted into ‘Querdling,’ a ‘Thomas Querdling’ occupying an official position in Norwich in that year. Of him the following rhyme speaks—

‘Whoso have any quarrel or pie, If he but withstand John Hankey, John Querdlyng, Nic Waleys, John Belagh, John Meg, Sore shall him rewe For they rule all the court with their lawes newe.’ (Blomefield, iii. 145.)

I doubt not ‘Curling’ is the modern representative of this name.

Footnote 603:

This name is not obsolete. Mr. Lower quotes a local rhyme thus—

‘Worthing is a pretty place, And if I’m not mistaken, If you can’t get any butcher’s meat, There’s “hogs’ flesh” and “bacon.”’

Footnote 604:

‘William Wolfheryng’ occurs in a Sussex subsidy roll, 1296. (Lower, i. 242.)

Footnote 605:

‘Joan Blackdam’ occurs in _Hist. Norfolk_. (Blomefield, v. Index.)

Footnote 606:

‘Anna Hellicate’ was called before the Archdeacon of Durham, for not coming to the Church, 27th July, 1673.’ (_Dean Granville’s Letters_, Surt. Soc.)

Footnote 607:

This most curious name appears in the _Manchester Directory_ for 1861.

Footnote 608:

This seems to have been a surname—‘John Drawlace’ (W. 18).

Footnote 609:

The President of the College of Physicians in 1665 was Sir Francis Prujean. Bramston, in his _Autobiography_ (Cam. Soc.), styles him ‘Prugean.’

Footnote 610:

The newspapers for June 6th, 1874, mention a ‘Mr. Youngjohn’ in connection with an election petition at Kidderminster.

Footnote 611:

We have already noticed that ‘Robin Hood’ had become in itself a surname. It is quite possible our ‘Little-johns’ have arisen in a similar manner. Little John, I need not say, was as carefully represented at the May-day dance as Robin himself or Maid Marian. Ritson has preserved us a rhyme on the subject—

‘This infant was called John Little,’ quoth he ‘Which name shall be changed anon; The words we’ll transpose, so wherever he goes, His name shall be called “Little John.”’

Footnote 612:

‘Item, to Guillam de Vait, Guillam de Trope, and Pety John mynstralles, iv_l._’ (_Trevelyan Papers_, ii. 20. Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 613:

We might be tempted to place our ‘Brownbills’ here, but I have recently shown them to be representative of the old and famous pikes known as ‘brownbills,’ used so commonly in war previous to the introduction of gunpowder.

Footnote 614:

Thus Desdemona says to Emilia (_Othello_, iv. 3)—

‘This Lodovico is a proper man;’

and the latter responds—

‘A very handsome man.’

Footnote 615:

‘Apple-john’ must be looked upon as a nickname taken from the fruit of that name. An apple-john was a species of apple which was never fully ripe till late in the season, when it was shrivelled. Hence Shakespeare’s allusion in 2 Henry IV. ii. 4. ‘Sweet-apple’ will belong to this category.

Footnote 616:

‘Full-James’ must be looked upon as a corruption of Foljambe. I prefer the original, though that is not complimentary.

Footnote 617:

This name lingered on till 1674 at least, for one of the private musicians attached to the household of Charles II. was ‘John Godegroome.’ (_Vide_ Chappell’s _Ballad Literature_, p. 469.) ‘Robert le Godegrom’ had appeared three centuries before in the Hundred Rolls.

Footnote 618:

‘King’ I have already suggested as a sobriquet given to one who represented such a rank in some mediæval pageant. Peculiarities of stature, manner, or dress would readily give rise to the compound forms.

Footnote 619:

Archbishop Chichele, when founding All Souls’ College, purchased for this purpose the sites of ‘Beresford’s Hall, St. Thomas’s Hall, Tyngewyck Hall, and Godknave Hall.’ (_Hist. Univ. Oxon_, vol. i. p. 195.)

Probably its founder bore that name.

Footnote 620:

‘Godfrey Mauclerk’ was mayor of Leicester in 1286. Also, ‘Walter Malclerk’ (P.P.). Corrupted into ‘Manclerk,’ this name still exists. (Cf. _Clerical Directory_, 1874.)

Footnote 621:

‘Johan le Redeclerk, hosier de Coventry.’ (V. 9, p. xxiv.)

Footnote 622:

The first ‘Littlepage’ I can light upon is in the case of ‘John Littlepage’ and ‘Joan Littlepage,’ persecuted for their religion in 1521. (Foxe’s _Martyrology_.)

Footnote 623:

‘Man’ in the sense of servant is found appended to several Christian names. Thus we come across such combinations as ‘Mathewman,’ ‘Harriman,’ and ‘Thomasman.’ The wonder is more are not to be met with. The customary way of registering servants in the old rolls is ‘William Matthew’s man,’ or ‘John’s man Thomas.’ Thus the surname arose. The _Proceedings in Kent_, 1640 (Cam. Soc.), contained the name of ‘Nicholas Hodgman,’ and ‘John Hobman’ was buried May 17th, 1649. (_Smith’s Obituary._ Cam. Soc.)

Footnote 624:

‘Grant to Henry Goodclerk for his services in the parts beyond the sea, 23rd Sep. 1485.’ (_Materials for Hist. Henry VII._, p. 557.)

Footnote 625:

‘Goodwife’ seems to have existed formerly. A ‘William Goodwyfe’ was Rector of Stapleford, Herts, in 1443. (Clutterbuck’s _Hertfordshire_, vol. ii. p. 218.)

Footnote 626:

‘Alan Bondame’ represents the feminine (P.P.).

Footnote 627:

John Beaufitz was Sheriff of Warwick in 1485.

Footnote 628:

A curious circumstance happened, I believe, but a few years ago, causing the increase of a forename, unintended, we may feel sure, by those most immediately concerned. A child was taken to church to be baptized. The clergyman at the usual place turned to the mother and asked what name the infant was to bear. ‘Robert,’ was the reply. ‘Any other name?’ he inquired. ‘Robert honly,’ she answered, her grammar not being of the best description. ‘Robert Honly, I baptize thee, in the name,’ etc., at once continued the clergyman, and the child was therefore duly so registered.

Footnote 629:

A ‘Savage Bear’ was at large in Kent a few years ago. (Lower i. 177.)

Footnote 630:

‘Ivory Malet’ (D.D.) This, though registered in the xiiith, would seem to have anticipated the croquet of the xixth cent. ‘Ivray’ was a baptismal name at the earlier date.

Footnote 631:

‘More Fortune, bayliff of St. Martin’s, died May 17th, 1367.’ (_Smith’s Obituary_, p. 13.)

Footnote 632:

‘May 27th, 1805. River, son of River and Rebecca Jordan.’ (_Christenings_, St. Ann’s, Manchester.)

Footnote 633:

Several ‘Pine Coffins’ may be seen in the Clerical Directories of 1840–1850.

Footnote 634:

‘Jean Gottam,’ the Frenchman’s title for ‘John Bull,’ is old. A witness in the trial of Joan of Arc used the term ‘Godon,’ and explained it to be a sobriquet of the English from their use of the oath ‘God damn.’

Footnote 635:

A clever article in the _Edinburgh Review_, April 1855, suggests ‘Blood’ and ‘Death’ from ‘S’Blood’ and ‘S’Death,’ the abbreviated ‘God’s blood’ and ‘God’s death.’

Footnote 636:

_Vide_ page 160. Camden says the Normans were so called because ‘at every other word they would swear _by God_.’

Footnote 637:

‘Henry Godsalve’ entered C.C. Coll. Cam. in 1614. (_Masters’ Hist._, C.C. Coll.)

Footnote 638:

‘Item, to Jannett God-send-us, I give a caldron, and a pare of tonges.’ (Extract of will of William Hardinge, Vicar of Heightington, 1584. W. 13.) The editor suggests she was a foundling.

Footnote 639:

The _Saturday Review_, in a criticism of my book, mentions a Rogerus Deus-salvet-dominas in the Essex Domesday.

Footnote 640:

‘Mr. Gracedieu, Incumbent of St. James’s, Duke’s Place.’ (Strype, London.)

Footnote 641:

A curious heraldic name is found in the 17th cent. John Poyndexter, fellow of Exeter Coll., Oxford, was dispossessed. (Walker, _Sufferings of the Clergy_.)

Footnote 642:

Our ‘Olyfadres’ will similarly be the expletive ‘Holy-father,’ unless, like ‘Thomas Worthship’ (Z.), the name be but a title of respect to some ecclesiastic functionary.

Footnote 643:

‘Good-speed’ may belong to the same class as Swift, Golightly, Lightfoot, Roefoot, etc.—V. p. 388.

Footnote 644:

The Constable of Nottingham Castle in 1369 was one Stephen Rummelowe, or Rumbilowe, for both forms are to be found.

Footnote 645:

‘Fulco Twelvepence’ was perhaps related to ‘Robert Shillyng,’ found in the ‘Patent Rolls’ (State Paper Office).

Footnote 646:

A most anachronistic name is met with in the ‘Calend. Inquis. Post Mortem,’ 30 Henry VI., in the entry ‘Robert Banknott.’ A ‘knot’ was a small local prominence. On the bank or side of this the nominee doubtless dwelt.

● Transcriber’s Notes: ○ There are many instances of words and names that are hyphenated in the body of the book, but not in the index. There are a few that are hyphenated in the index, but not in the body of the book. The hyphenation was left as printed. ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant form was found in this book. ○ The footnotes have been gathered into one section at the end of the book. ○ The use of a caret (^) before one or more letters shows they are intended to be a superscript, as in “S^t Bartholomew” or“ xx^{tie} platters”. ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).