PART III
TRADE UNION THEORY
CHAP.
I. THE VERDICT OF THE ECONOMISTS.
II. THE HIGGLING OF THE MARKET.
III. THE ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADE UNIONISM.
(_a_) THE DEVICE OF RESTRICTION OF NUMBERS.
(_b_) THE DEVICE OF THE COMMON RULE.
(_c_) THE EFFECT OF THE SECTIONAL APPLICATION OF THE COMMON RULE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRY.
(_d_) PARASITIC TRADES.
(_e_) THE NATIONAL MINIMUM.
(_f_) THE UNEMPLOYABLE.
(_g_) SUMMARY OF THE ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVICE OF THE COMMON RULE.
(_h_) TRADE UNION METHODS.
IV. TRADE UNIONISM AND DEMOCRACY.
APPENDICES
THE LEGAL POSITION OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN ENGLAND--THE BEARING OF INDUSTRIAL PARASITISM AND THE POLICY OF A NATIONAL MINIMUM ON THE FREE TRADE CONTROVERSY--SOME STATISTICS BEARING ON THE RELATIVE MOVEMENTS OF THE MARRIAGE AND BIRTH-RATES, PAUPERISM, WAGES, AND THE PRICE OF WHEAT--A SUPPLEMENT TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRADE UNIONISM.
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"A permanent and invaluable contribution to the sum of human knowledge.... We commend to the public a book which is a monument of research and full of candour.... Indispensable to every publicist and politician."--_Times_ (on day of publication).
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. LONDON, NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA
WORKS BY SIDNEY AND BEATRICE WEBB
=PROBLEMS OF MODERN INDUSTRY=
Post 8vo; Fourth Thousand; New Edition, with New Introductory Chapter; xx and 286 pp. (1907).
=Price 5s. net.=
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW EDITION.
PREFACE.
CHAP.
I. THE DIARY OF AN INVESTIGATOR.
II. THE JEWS OF EAST LONDON.
III. WOMEN'S WAGES.
IV. WOMEN AND THE FACTORY ACTS.
V. THE REGULATION OF THE HOURS OF LABOUR.
VI. HOW TO DO AWAY WITH THE SWEATING SYSTEM.
VII. THE REFORM OF THE POOR LAW.
VIII. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CO-OPERATION AND TRADE UNIONISM.
IX. THE NATIONAL DIVIDEND AND ITS DISTRIBUTION.
X. THE DIFFICULTIES OF INDIVIDUALISM.
XI. SOCIALISM TRUE AND FALSE.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. LONDON, NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA
WORKS BY SIDNEY AND BEATRICE WEBB
THE HISTORY OF LIQUOR LICENSING IN ENGLAND
Small 8vo; Seventh Thousand; viii and 162 pp.
=Price 2s. 6d. net.=
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I. THE FIRST CENTURY OF LICENSING.
II. A PERIOD OF LAXNESS.
III. REGULATION AND SUPPRESSION.
IV. FREE TRADE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE.
V. LEGISLATIVE REPENTANCE.
APPENDIX--THE MOVEMENT FOR THE REFORMATION OF MANNERS.
"No book could be more opportune. The sale of alcoholic liquor has been under statutory regulation by means of licences for 300 years; but the period which Mr. and Mrs. Webb have taken as their special study deserves the very careful examination they give to it, for within those 130 years we find periods of regulation and suppression, of laxness and neglect in regard to the control of the liquor traffic, equally instructive. There is during this period one brief six years wherein the magistrates, awaking to their responsibilities and compelled to a consciousness of the evil results of excessive gin-drinking, made a general effort to improve the condition of things through the one means in their power. To this remarkable episode the authors devote a valuable chapter. Strangely enough, it has hitherto not been noticed by historians, nor has it been mentioned in the voluminous literature of the temperance movement. Yet the effort of the magistrates during those six years was very far-sighted. It included--
"The deliberate and systematic adoption of such modern devices as early closing, Sunday closing, the refusal of new licences, the withdrawal of licences from badly conducted houses, the peremptory closing of a proportion of houses in a district over-supplied with licences, and, in some remarkable instances, even the establishment of a system of local option and local veto, both as regards the opening of new public-houses and the closing of those already in existence, all without the slightest idea of compensation.
"All this in the closing years of the eighteenth century! But what a contrast to this spasm of local statesmanship the earlier years of that drink-sodden century display! Then, and not really till then, were sown the seeds of drunkenness in England. Contrasted with that reign of orgy the action of the magistrates in 1787 seems all the brighter, and the disappearance of the fact from public memory the more remarkable. Mr. and Mrs. Webb bring their detailed story to an end with the Drink Bill of 1830, which led to another outbreak of the drinking habit."--_Guardian._
"A valuable contribution to the history of the liquor traffic."--_Political Science Quarterly._
"This little book, with its abundance of newly discovered facts, is highly opportune."--_Economic Review._
"The book is of great interest, contains evidence of laborious investigation, and provides an admirably clear history of a matter of immediate practical importance."--_Speaker._
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. LONDON, NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA
WORKS BY SIDNEY AND BEATRICE WEBB
LONDON EDUCATION
BY SIDNEY WEBB
Small 8vo; viii and 219 pp. (1903).
=Price 2s. 6d. net.=
A Description of the Educational Organisation of London, with a Survey of some of its Administrative Problems--avoiding both politics and religion.
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I. THE EVOLUTION OF AN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.
II. THE ORGANISATION OF THE UNIVERSITY.
III. THE ORGANISATION OF COMMERCIAL EDUCATION.
IV. THE ORGANISATION OF THE POLYTECHNICS.
V. THE ORGANISATION OF THE LIBRARY SERVICE.
VI. THE LION IN THE PATH.
"This small but important volume.... It is a noble ideal."--_Spectator._
"Patiently and laboriously he has surveyed our educational equipment ... and he presents a creditably clear and comprehensible picture of the whole field. It enables the administrator to see the various parts in their due proportion. It lays a much-needed emphasis on higher education; it suggests some administrative improvements, and forms an indispensable starting-point for the far-reaching schemes of co-ordination which it shows to be so sorely needed."--_Speaker._
"In dealing with elementary education, Mr. Webb is most practical; in dealing with the nascent London University he is most stimulating."--_Pilot._
"A debt of gratitude is due to Mr. Sidney Webb.... The book contains at once ideal and practical proposals for the attainment of this ideal."--_Daily News._
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. LONDON, NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA
WORKS BY SIDNEY AND BEATRICE WEBB
THE CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN
BY BEATRICE POTTER (Mrs. SIDNEY WEBB)
Crown 8vo; Second Edition (1893); Fifth Thousand; xii and 260 pp., with Coloured Map, Appendices, and Index.
=Price 2s. 6d.=
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I. THE CO-OPERATIVE IDEA.
II. THE SPIRIT OF ASSOCIATION.
III. THE STORE.
IV. FEDERATION.
V. ASSOCIATION OF PRODUCERS.
VI. A STATE WITHIN A STATE.
VII. THE IDEAL AND THE FACT.
VIII. CONCLUSION.
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION--LIST OF PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS RELATING TO LABOUR QUESTION IN THIS CENTURY--CLASSIFIED TABLES OF ASSOCIATIONS OF PRODUCERS--EXTRACT FROM LETTER FROM MR. D. F. SCHLOSS--TABLE OF PERCENTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVE SALES PER HUNDRED OF POPULATION--TABLE OF THE RELATIVE PROGRESS OF THE CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT.
"Miss Beatrice Potter's luminous and suggestive volume is not a mere bald, historical outline, but a thoughtful and pregnant study of tendencies, causes, and effects."--_Times._
"The whole volume is full of suggestion, both to co-operators and politicians.... It is without doubt the ablest and most philosophical analysis of the co-operative movement which has yet been produced."--_Speaker._
GEORGE ALLEN AND CO., LIMITED RATHBONE PLACE, LONDON
WORKS BY SIDNEY AND BEATRICE WEBB
PUBLISHED BY GEORGE ALLEN AND CO., LIMITED
SOCIALISM IN ENGLAND
BY SIDNEY WEBB
Crown 8vo; Second Edition (1894), with New Introductory Chapter; xxii and 136 pp.
=Price 2s. 6d.=
"The best general view of the subject from the moderate Socialist side."--_Athenæum._
* * * * *
PUBLISHED BY GEORGE ALLEN AND CO., LIMITED
THE LONDON PROGRAMME
BY SIDNEY WEBB
Crown 8vo; Second Edition (1894), with New Introductory Chapter; viii and 214 pp.
=Price 2s. 6d.=
"Brimful of excellent ideas."--_Anti-Jacobin._
* * * * *
PUBLISHED BY WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED
THE EIGHT HOURS' DAY
BY SIDNEY WEBB, LL.B., AND HAROLD COX, B.A.
Crown 8vo; 280 pp. with Bibliography
=Price 1s.=
"The unique value of this little book lies in its collection of facts. It is likely to hold the field as the handbook to one of the chief items in the social politics of the immediate future."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
* * * * *
PUBLISHED BY VANDENHOEK UND RUPRECHT (GĂ–TTINGEN)
DER SOCIALISMUS IN ENGLAND. Geschildert von englischen Socialisten.
HERAUSGEGEBEN VON SIDNEY WEBB
Transcriber's Notes: The underscore markup indicates italics. The = markup indicates bold font. The oe ligature has been expanded.
In order to make the index more clear, it has been displayed in a single column, rather than the double column of the original. Some formatting markup (such as italics markup) has been removed from the large table in order to improve readability. Other than obvious printing errors which have been corrected, the spelling and punctuation are as in the original publication.
Some of the formatting markup in the large table have been removed in order to improve readability.
Corrections in punctuation were made on pages 2, 12, and 192.