Part 3
A _Leopard_ shows two eyes and two ears; he has no mane and his tail is not tufted. He should show spots and be "nowhere shaggy." If he only shows one eye and one ear he is a leopard "Lionné."
Most of the other animals explain themselves, but there are a few curious charges, no doubt survivals of common forms, which also retain their ancient heraldic names, and these forms and names are useful to remember; among them the following occur perhaps most frequently:--
Heraldic Shields changed their forms at different periods, but it is not necessary to trouble much about that here, as coats-of-arms on books are always simple in shape. But it may be noted that unmarried ladies or widows show their arms in the form of a Lozenge. Guillim says, "This form is derived from the fusil, or spindle for yarn, single women being called spinsters." The lozenge is an inconvenient form, and it is broadened out whenever possible. When a wife's coat is shown on an escutcheon of Pretence in the centre of her husband's shield, it loses its lozenge form.
In view of a possible second volume in continuation of the present, I should feel most grateful if any librarians or owners of libraries will send me rubbings of any more coats-of-arms on books that they know of. To make a rubbing, from which I can make a drawing, is quite easy. A piece of soft paper should be used, and kept from slipping by a weight. Put the paper carefully over the stamped part of the book, and then with the finger gently press the paper down into the stamped leather. When the design can just be distinguished, rub over the paper, without letting it slip, with an H.B. pencil cut to a broad round point, and it will be found that in this way, with a little practice, every line and dot in a stamp will show quite clearly. The impressed lines on the leather will show as white on the rubbing. From such a rubbing a drawing can be made. Besides the rubbing, I should also like a copy of the title of the book, and the name of the owner or library to which it belongs.
I am aware that many of my attributions of coats in the following pages are open to criticism, and I shall be very grateful if any of my readers can correct any of them with authority. At the end of the book I have given a short list of the books of reference, heraldic and biographical, which I have found of most service in the compilation of this book, and I gratefully record my indebtedness to them all.
I have taken the Royal Titles from the respective Great Seals.
C. D.
BURLINGTON FINE ARTS CLUB, _September 1908_.
Coats-of-Arms
ABBOT, GEORGE, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Arg., an archiepiscopal staff, headed with a cross pattée or, surmounted by a pall arg., charged with four crosses pattée fitchée sable, fringed and edged or. _The See of Canterbury._
Sinister: Gules, a chevron between three pears pendent or. _Abbot._
[Several volumes in the Library at Lambeth Palace.]
George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 29th October 1562, died 4th August 1633), was a native of Guildford, and took orders in 1585, afterwards becoming a tutor at Oxford, where he was also a Fellow of Balliol. He was a strong Puritan and a popular preacher at St. Mary's.
In 1597, Abbot was elected Master of University College, and in 1599 he became Dean of Winchester and also Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He wrote several treatises on the religious questions of his time, and enjoyed the personal esteem of James I., who thought very highly of him as a theologian and as a politician.
The King's favour showed in the rapid promotion of Dr. Abbot. In 1609 he was consecrated Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and later in the same year he was translated to London. In the next year, on the death of Archbishop Bancroft, Abbot was made Archbishop of Canterbury. Dr. Abbot had no sinecure in his Archbishopric, and his many enemies and the troubled state of theological matters generally left him but little peace. In 1621, when shooting with a crossbow at a buck, he accidentally killed a gamekeeper, and this not only preyed much upon his mind, but it also offered a handle for his detractors, especially those among the clergy, many of whom held that homicide rendered him unfit for his high position.
On the death of James I. Royal favour deserted the Archbishop, as Charles I. never appears to have thought well of him. In 1627, on more or less unjust pretexts, he suffered sequestration of his office, and a commission was appointed to exercise the Archiepiscopal functions, and Abbot retired to his native town, Guildford, where he died in 1633. Many of his books remain in the Library at Lambeth Palace.
ABROL
_Arms._--Per pale or and gu., three roundels interchanged, a crescent for difference.
_Motto._--TERES ATQUE ROTUNDUS.
Probably belonged to the Library of a member of the Worcestershire family of Abrol.
[TUSSER. _Five hundred pointes of good Husbandrie._ 1593.]
ALBERT OF SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA, PRINCE CONSORT OF QUEEN VICTORIA
The initial "A" within the garter and ensigned with the Ducal Crown of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
[RAPHAEL. Works at Windsor Castle, 1876.]
Prince Albert (born 26th August 1819, died 14th December 1861) was the second son of Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He married Queen Victoria at St. James's, 16th February 1840, and was all his life a Patron of the Arts and of Literature, and the International Exhibition of 1851 is said to have been originally thought of by him.
Prince Albert's books were kept at one or other of the Royal Palaces, and few of them are anywhere else.
ANNE (BULLEN), QUEEN CONSORT OF HENRY VIII.
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Quarterly.
1 and 4. France } All as used by Henry VIII. 2 and 3. England } (q.v.).
Sinister: Quartered.
1. Gu., 3 lions passant guardant or, a label of three points az., each charged with three Fleur-de-lys or. _Earls of Lancaster._
2. Az., semée de Fleur-de-lys or, a label of five points gu. _Angoulême._
3. Gu., a lion passant guardant or. _Guyenne._
4. Quarterly, first and fourth, per fess indented az. and or. _Butler._ Second and third arg., a lion rampant sa., crowned or. _Rochford._
5. Gu., 3 lions passant guardant or, a label of three points arg. _Brotherton_, Earl of Norfolk.
6. Chequy, or and az. _Warren_, Earl of Warren and Surrey.
The first three of these coats were granted to Anne Bullen by Henry VIII., when he created her Marchioness of Pembroke. The paternal coat of Bullen, "Arg., a chevron gules, between three bulls' heads sa.," is omitted.
The shield is ensigned with the Royal Crown of England, and supported by two angels.
[WHITTINGTON. _De octo partibus orationis._ Londini [1521], and other Sixteenth-Century Tracts.]
Anne Bullen, or Boleyn (born 1507, died 19th May 1536), was the daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde, of Hever Castle in Kent. She was maid of honour to Catherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII., and while acting in this capacity she attracted the attention of the king, who decided that he would marry her if he could get rid of Queen Catherine.
Consequently, after many difficulties, a divorce was arranged, and Henry married Anne Bullen in 1532, and she was crowned Queen in 1533. Queen Elizabeth was her only child.
In 1536 the Queen was indicted of high treason, and on 19th May of the same year she was beheaded. Some of the books bearing Queen Anne Bullen's arms form part of the old Royal library in the British Museum; the stamp is impressed in blind, without gold, and with it is often associated one or other of the panel stamps having the coat-of-arms of Henry VIII.
ANNE OF DENMARK, QUEEN CONSORT OF JAMES I.
_Arms._--A cross gu., surmounted of another arg. _Frederick II._, King of Denmark and Norway.
Dexter canton: Or, semé of hearts ppr., 3 lions passant guardant az., crowned or. _Denmark._
Sinister canton: Gu., a lion rampant, crowned or, holding in his paws a battle-axe arg. _Norway._
Dexter base: Az., 3 crowns ppr. _Sweden._
Sinister base: Or, 9 hearts, 4, 3, and 2, gu., in chief a lion passant guardant az. _Gothes._
In base: Gu., a wyvern, wings expanded and tail nowed or. _The Vandals._
An escutcheon of Pretence, quarterly;
1. Or, 2 lions passant guardant az. _Sleswick._
2. Gu., an inescutcheon having a nail fixed in every point thereof in triangle, between as many holly leaves, all arg. _Holstein._
3. Gu., a swan, wings close arg. _Stormer._
4. Az., a chevalier armed at all points, brandishing his sword, his helmet plumed, upon a courser arg., trapped or. _Ditzmers._
Over the whole an inescutcheon per pale--
Dexter: Az., a cross formée fitchée or. _Dalmenhurst._
Sinister: Or, 2 bars gu. _Oldenburg._
_Motto._--LA MIA GRANDEZZA VIENE DAL ECCELSO.
[PLUTARCH. _Les Œuvres morales de Plutarque._ Paris, 1588.]
Anne of Denmark (born 12th December 1574, died 1619), Queen Consort of James I., King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, was the daughter of Frederick II., King of Denmark and Norway. The alliance between the Danish Princess and James VI. of Scotland was not agreeable to Queen Elizabeth, but in spite of her opposition the marriage took place in 1589 at Upslo. In 1590 the king and queen returned to Scotland, and in 1603, on the death of Queen Elizabeth, they came to England.
Queen Anne was a great patron of Progresses, Pageants, and Masques, and is said to have been a beautiful dancer. She was very extravagant, and incurred much censure for running into debt, although her allowances were very liberal. At one period Queen Anne was suspected of leanings towards the Roman Catholic religion. She objected to the marriage, ultimately of the greatest importance, of her daughter Elizabeth to Frederick V., Elector Palatine of the Rhine, on the ground that his position was not high enough, but she attended the marriage in 1612.
Several of her books are among the old Royal collection presented to the British Museum in 1757.
ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_First Coat-of-Arms_
1. _Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters; quarterly; France and England.
2nd grand quarter; Scotland.
3rd grand quarter; Ireland.
As used by James I. (q.v.).
Used from 8th March 1702 until 6th March 1706.
[BIANCHINI. _De Kalendario et Cyclo Cæsaris._ Romae, 1703.]
_Second Coat-of-Arms_
2. _Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters, impaled.
Dexter: England.
Sinister: Scotland.
2nd grand quarter; France.
3rd grand quarter; Ireland.
Colours as used by James I. (q.v.).
Used from 6th March 1706 until 1st August 1714.
_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
_Supporters._--Lion and unicorn.
_Motto._--SEMPER EADEM.
_Badges._--Tudor rose and Thistle.
[ENGLAND. _Laws._ 1702.]
The Royal name ensigned with a Royal Crown, and the motto "VIVAT REGINA" upheld by two cherubs.
[EUCLID. _Elements._ Oxford, 1703.]
The Royal Monogram ensigned with a Royal Crown.
[OVERBECK. _Reliq. Ant. Romae._ Amst., 1708.]
Queen Anne (born 10th May 1655, died 1st August 1714) was the second daughter of James II. and Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon. She succeeded her cousin, William III., on the throne of England in 1702. Queen Anne was the last of the Stuart line to occupy the throne of England.
The first coat-of-arms used by Queen Anne was the same as that generally used by her predecessor, but without the arms of Nassau, that is to say, first and fourth grand quarters, France and England quarterly; second grand quarter, Scotland; and third grand quarter, Ireland. In 1702 a notice was published in the _London Gazette_ to the effect that "wheresoever there shall be occasion to embroider, depict, grave, carve, or paint Her Majesty's Royal Arms with a motto, this Motto following, _viz_. SEMPER EADEM, is to be used" (23rd December). It will be remembered that this motto had been previously used by Queen Elizabeth.
The Legislative Union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland took place on Thursday, 6th March 1706, when the royal assent was given to the Act. A change in the Royal coat-of-arms took place in consequence of this Act, and for the remainder of the reign of Queen Anne (1706-1714) the first and fourth grand quarters contained the coats of England and Scotland impaled, in the manner used to denote husband and wife; the second grand quarter, France; and the third grand quarter, Ireland. Besides the coat-of-arms, the crowned initials and name of Queen Anne were frequently stamped upon her books, and some of her book-stamps appear to have been designed by foreigners.
Queen Anne's books came to the British Museum with the rest of the old Royal Library of England in 1757.
ASTLE, THOMAS
_Arms._--Az., a cinquefoil erm., a bordure engrailed of the second. _Astle._
_Crest._--On a chapeau, a plume of five feathers in a case arg. banded gu., and environed with a ducal coronet or.
[Collection of miscellaneous MSS. Stowe, 516.]
Thomas Astle (born 22nd December 1735, died 1st December 1803) was a book collector and antiquary, and a native of Yoxall in Staffordshire. In 1783 he was appointed Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London, where his literary tastes stood him in good stead, and he edited and indexed the treasures which were under his care with energy and success; he was also a Trustee of the British Museum.
Astle wrote several important works; perhaps the most useful of them are the Catalogue of the MSS. in the Cottonian Library, and a treatise on the Origin and Progress of Writing. His printed books now belong to the library of the Royal Institution, and his collection of Manuscripts is kept at the British Museum. This important collection belonged successively to the Marquis of Buckingham at Stowe, and then to the Earl of Ashburnham, who sold it in 1883 to the Trustees of the British Museum.
Mr. Astle was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries.
AYLMER, MATTHEW, 1ST BARON AYLMER
_Arms._--Arg., a cross sa., between four Cornish Choughs of the second. _Aylmer._
_Coronet._--That of a Baron.
_Motto._--STEADY.
[BURNET. _History of the Reformation._ London, 1681.]
Matthew Aylmer (born 1660 (?), died 18th August 1720) was a sailor who took part in the Battle of La Hogue. He subsequently became Rear-Admiral of Great Britain and Governor of Chelsea Hospital. In 1718 he was created Baron Aylmer of Balrath in Meath.
BACON, FRANCIS, BARON VERULAM AND VISCOUNT ST. ALBANS
_Crest._--A boar passant erm., armed and hoofed or, a crescent for difference. _Bacon._
[BACON. _Novum Organum._ Londini, 1620.]
[University Library, Cambridge.]
Francis Bacon (born 22nd January 1561, died 9th April 1626) was a son of Sir Nicolas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Seals to Queen Elizabeth. He went to Cambridge at the age of thirteen and studied law.
In 1595 he was elected Member of Parliament for Middlesex, but presently fell upon evil times and, among other troubles, managed to offend the Queen by some of his writings. James I., however, restored him to Royal favour. In 1619 he became Lord Chancellor, and shortly afterwards was created Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans. Bacon's enemies presently prevailed against him again, and his own malpractices with regard to various judicial matters gave them the opportunity of ruining him. In spite of the king's favour and efforts in his behalf, in 1621 Bacon was ordered to pay a fine of £40,000 for his misdeeds; he was adjudged to be incapable of sitting in Parliament or to accept any public office under the Crown, neither was he to be permitted to live in any place where the Royal Court might be. He was, moreover, condemned to be kept a prisoner in the Tower of London during the king's pleasure.
In 1625, when Charles I. came to the throne of England, all these judgments were reversed and Bacon was rehabilitated, but did not live much longer to enjoy his honours.
BAGOT, RT. HON. SIR CHARLES, KNIGHT
_Arms._--Erm., two chevrons az. _Bagot._
_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet, a goat's head ar., attired or.
_Helmet._--That of a Knight.
_Decoration._--The collar and badge of a Knight Grand Cross (civil) of the Order of the Bath, with the motto "TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO."
_Legend._--THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR CHARLES BAGOT.
[CARY. _Memoirs._ Edinburgh, 1808.]
Sir Charles Bagot (born 23rd September 1781, died 19th May 1843) was the second son of William, first Baron Bagot, who for many years represented Stafford in the House of Commons.
Sir Charles had an important political and diplomatic career; he was a Privy Councillor and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. In 1807 he was Under-Secretary of State for Foreign affairs, and acted as Minister Plenipotentiary both to France and to the United States of America.
In 1841 Sir Charles Bagot was governor of Canada, and at different times he held the posts of Ambassador to Russia, the Netherlands, and to Austria.
BATEMAN, WILLIAM, VISCOUNT BATEMAN
_Arms._--On a fess sa., between three muscovy ducks ppr., a rose of the field. _Bateman._ All within a fillet bearing the legend "TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO," being the motto of the Order of the Bath; dependent from the fillet is the badge of the same Order.
_Coronet._--That of a Viscount.
_Supporters._--Two lions rampant reguardant ppr., collared and chained or.
_Motto._--NEC PRECE NEC PRETIO.
[MONDONVILLE. _Sonates._]
William Bateman (born circ. 1680, died December 1744) was the son of Sir James Bateman, Lord Mayor of London in 1717.
Mr. Bateman was twice Member of Parliament for Leominster, and in 1725 was created Viscount Bateman in the Peerage of Ireland. In 1731 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath.
BAYNTUN, WILLIAM
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Sa., a bend lozengy arg. _Bayntun._
Sinister: Gu., a fess dancetty between three cross crosslets fitchée or. _Gore._
_Crest._--A griffin's head erased sa., beaked or.
_Legend._--SIGIL GUL BAYNTUN.
[ENGLAND. _Statuta in Parlameto, etc._ London, 1504.]
Probably the arms of William Bayntun, who was Consul-General at Algiers in the latter half of the eighteenth century. His son Henry became an Admiral and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1839.
BEATON, JAMES, ARCHBISHOP OF GLASGOW
_Arms._--On a Bishop's cross. Quarterly, first and fourth, arg., a fess between three mascles or; second and third arg., a chevron sa., charged with an otter's head erased of the first. _Beaton._ At the base of the shield, the fish of Glasgow holding a ring in its mouth.
_Motto._--FERENDVM VT VINCAS.
_Legend._--IACOBVS A BETOVN ARCHIEPISCOPVS GLASGVENSIS 1576.
[_Hours of the Diocese of Salisbury._ 1526.]
James Beaton (born 1517, died 1603) was a son of John Beaton of Balfour, Fife. He was a man of high character and much esteemed both in Scotland and in France, where circumstances caused him to spend a considerable portion of his life. Beaton acted as Ambassador from Scotland at the French Court, and lived in Paris at the Scots College, an Institution of which he was very proud, and to which he bequeathed the greater part of his fortune.
Beaton also took a leading part in the politics of his time, and was a staunch friend to Mary Queen of Scots. In 1552 he was, in Paris, consecrated Archbishop of Glasgow, and he also held several important ecclesiastical preferments in France.
BENNET, HENRY, EARL OF ARLINGTON
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Gu., a bezant between three demi lions rampant arg. _Bennet._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[_Hist. del Ministerio del Card. Guilio Mazarino._ Colonia, 1669.]
Henry Bennet (born 1618, died 20th July 1685) was the second son of Sir John Bennet of Dawley in Middlesex. He was an excellent scholar and linguist, and a skilled diplomatist, especially in foreign affairs, but his standard of political morality does not appear to have been a very high one.
Bennet was a favourite of Charles II. for a long time, and the king honoured him highly. He was made Keeper of the Privy Purse, and Secretary of State in 1662; next year he was created Baron Arlington. In 1672 he was made a Knight of the Garter and Earl of Arlington, in 1674 Lord Chamberlain of the Household, and in 1675 a Lord of the Admiralty.
Arlington was a member of the Cabal Ministry; in 1674 he was impeached for his promotion of popery, breach of trust, and other misdeeds, but the vote of censure was lost. In 1674 he sold his secretaryship to Sir Joseph Williamson, and retired, more or less in disgrace, to his estate at Euston in Suffolk, where he had built a splendid house. Here he died in 1685.
BERKELEY, ROBERT
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., a chevron between 10 cinquefoils ar. _Berkeley._
2nd and 3rd; gu., a lion rampant arg., ducally crowned or. _Hayward._
_Crest._--A bear's head couped arg., muzzled gu.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
[POLANO. _The Historie of the Council of Trent._ London, 1620.]
Robert Berkeley (born 1713, died 20th December 1804) was a son of Thomas Berkeley of Spetchley in Worcestershire. He wrote several anonymous treatises, both political and theological, on questions of his time. He married three times but left no issue. Thomas Phillips wrote his _Life of Cardinal Pole_ while he was chaplain at Spetchley.
BLUNDELL, HENRY
_Crest._--A squirrel sejant gu., collared and holding a nut or. _Blundell._
_Motto._--AGE QUOD AGIS.
_Initials._--H. B. (Henry Blundell).
[_Engravings and etchings of the Principal Statues, etc., in the collection of Henry Blundell, Esq., at Nice._ 1809.]
Henry Blundell (born 1723, died 1810), of Nice-Blundell in Lancashire, was the son of Robert Blundell of Nice. He was a noted collector of works of art and an antiquary of some repute. His contributions to literature are accounts of his own collections, and are illustrated with fine engravings.
Blundell was a friend of the antiquary and collector Charles Towneley of Towneley Hall, also in Lancashire, and it is probable that his archæological tastes were largely fostered by this friendship. Towneley certainly suggested the production of Blundell's catalogues.