Part 4

RICHARD III. (1483 to 1485.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Groat, Half-groat, Penny, and Halfpenny. _Gold._ Angel, and Angelet or Half-angel.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ As his predecessors’; the only difference being the alteration of name in the legend; on some he has a cross on the breast; mint marks, a boar’s head, and rose-en-soleil.

_Legend._ RICARD.--D. G. or GRA.--REX.--AN. ANG. or ANGL.--Z. FRANC.

REVERSE.--_Type._ As before, but with the different mint marks and badges.

_Legend._ As before, Groat and Half-groat, POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM, in outer, and name of town in inner circle. Penny and Halfpenny, name of town only, as CIVITAS LONDON. Angel, PER CRVSEM (or CRVCE) TVA SALVA NOS XPE REDEMPT. Half-angel, O CRVX AVE SPES VNICA.

_Rarity_. All rare, those with M. M., a boar’s head, especially so.

HENRY VII. (1485 to 1509.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Testoon or Shilling, Groat, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing. _Gold._ Rose-noble or Rial, Angel, Angelet or Half-angel, Sovereign or Double-rial, and Double-sovereign.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ To this monarch we owe the great change which has been, since his reign, gradually improving in coins. In the first issue, his coins very closely resemble those of Henry VI. Bust crowned with an open double-arched crown, now first used; some have a key on either side the Bust. In the 18th year of his reign his coins assumed a very different character. The circle of arches was discarded; the head (which, for the first time, may be considered as a portrait) is represented in dexter profile, crowned with a double or single arched crown, with the ball and cross on top. The Penny of his later issue has the king sitting in a chair of state, crowned, sceptre in his right, and globe in his left hand.

_Legend._ H. HENRIC or HENRICVS.--VII. or SEPTIM.--D. G. DI. or DEI.--G. or GRA REX.--A. AN. ANG. ANGL. AGL. or ANGLIE.--Z.--F. FR. FRAN. FRANC.--DNS. HIBN. IBAR. or IBARNC.

REVERSE.--_Type._ In his first coinage are the cross and pellets, but in his subsequent one the cross (fleury) is retained, but in the place of the pellets is a shield, France and England quarterly. The cross dividing the shield.

_Legend._ POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEVM and its usual abbreviations. On the Groats and Half-groats the inner circle of legend bearing name of town is dismissed, its place being filled with the shield. In this reign the Testoon or Shilling makes its first appearance.

_Rarity._ Penny of first coinage extremely rare; Halfpenny rare; others common. Second coinage, Shilling with VII., Groat with SEPTIM., and Penny, rare; others far from uncommon.

_Gold._ The Sovereign and Double-sovereign now make their appearance; they have on the obverse the king, fully robed, sitting on a richly canopied throne, crowned, sceptre in his right, and orb and cross in his left, hand; reverse within a tressure of ten arches a large double rose, in the centre of which is a shield bearing the arms of France and England quarterly. In the space between the arches of the tressure and the outer petals of the rose are, alternately throughout, a lion and a fleur-de-lis. There are several varieties of this coin. The Rial has the king in a ship, on the obverse as before; on the reverse a rose with royal shield in the centre as first described. Angel and angelet much the same as those of his predecessors. Rial, Double-sovereign, and Sovereign, rare; others, common.

HENRY VIII. (1509 to 1547.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Testoon or Shilling, Groat, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny, Farthing. _Gold._ Double-sovereign, Sovereign, Pound-sovereign, Half-sovereign, Rose-noble or Rial, George-noble, Angel, Angelet or Half-angel, Quarter-angel, Crown, Half-crown.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ His first coinage very closely resembles Henry VII. In his 15th year the Farthing has a portcullis. In his 34th year the head is almost full-faced, in a robe crowned with an open-arched crown. In his 36th and 37th years, full-faced portrait, on some with the cap.

_Legend._ H. HE. HERIC. HENRIC. or HENRICVS. VIII. or 8.--D. DI. or DEI.--G. GR. or GRA.--A. ANG. ANGL. or ANGLIE.--FR. FRA. FRAN. or FRANC.--Z. HIB. or HYB.--R. RE. or REX. Testoon, HERIC. VIII. DI. GRA. AGL. FRA. Z. HIB. REX. Penny, H. D. G. ROSA SINE SPINA; Halfpenny the same, or abbreviated.

REVERSE.--_Type._ First coinage, like Henry VII., with only the numeral changed from VII. to VIII.; Farthing has a rose and cross or portcullis. The Testoon or Shilling has the royal rose, crowned with an open-arched crown, between the royal initials H and R also each crowned. The others with the cross and shield. There are many varieties with different marks of towns and prelates, where and by whom they were struck.

_Legend._ POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEVM, and its abbreviations on the Shilling and Groat. Half-groat, occasionally the same, or with name of town. Penny and Halfpenny, name of town. Farthing, CIVITAS LONDON or RVTILANS ROSA.

_Rarity_. Groat struck at Tournay, CIVITAS TORNACI. etc., very rare. Henry VIII. debased his silver so much that his later coins have more the appearance of brass than silver. The shillings and halfpenny rare, the rest are not.

_Gold_. Double-sovereign, Sovereign, Half-sovereign, Rial, Half and Quarter-rials, similar in general type to those of Henry VII.: George-noble, with an equestrian figure of St. George riding over and transfixing with a spear a dragon, on the obverse; and on the reverse a ship, a cross, between H R, for a mast, and upon it a double rose. Angel and Angelet as before. Crown and Half-crown obverse a double rose, etc., crowned, between the crowned or uncrowned letters H. K. (Henry and Katherine), H. A. (Henry and Ann Boleyn), H. I. (Henry and Jane Seymour), or H. R.; reverse, royal arms crowned between same initials. RVTILANS ROSA SINE SPINA. Half-george, Noble, Crown, and Half-crown, George-noble, rare; Rial extremely so.

EDWARD VI. (1547 to 1553.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Crown, Half-crown, Testoon or Shilling, Sixpence, Groat, Threepence, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny, Farthing. _Gold._ Treble-sovereign, Double-sovereign, Sovereign or Double-rial, Half-sovereign, Quarter-sovereign or Crown, Half-crown, Six-angel, Angel, Angelet.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ First coinage, which is base in the same degree as Henry VIII.’s last coinage. Testoon, etc., profile, crowned with an open arched crown; Penny and Halfpenny, some with crowned profile, others with the royal rose. Farthing, portcullis.

Later coinages. Crown, the king in armour, crowned, sword drawn, on horseback; to the right, under the horse, the date. Half-crown, the same, sometimes with the addition of a plume on the horse’s head. Shilling, Sixpence, and Threepence, fullfaced bust of king in robes, with the chain of the Order of the Garter round his neck, crowned, a rose on the left, and the value on the right side of the head. Penny, king enthroned, crowned ball and sceptre in his hands, or royal rose.

_Legend._ E. ED. EDWAR. EDWARD. EDOARD. EDOVARD. or EDWARDVS. VI. or 6.--D. DEI.--G. GRA.--AGL. ANGL.--FRA. FRANCIE. Z.--HIB. HIBE. HIBER.--REX. etc. Testoon, TIMOR DOMINI FONS VITE. MDXLIX. or MDXL.[2]--likewise on reverse, INIMICOS EIVS INDVAM CONFVSIONE. Penny, E. D. G. ROSA SINE SPINA. Crown, SCVTUM FIDEI PROTEGET EVM; or RVTILANS ROSA SINE SPINA. Half-sovereign, SCVTVM FIDEI PROTEGET EVM MDXLVIII[3]; or LVCERNA PEDIBVS MEIS VERBVM TVVM.

REVERSE.--_Type._ One Testoon has the arms of France and England in an oval shield mantled; all others have the cross fleury, and plain shield of France and England quarterly. Farthing, cross and pellets.

_Legend._ POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEVM and its abbreviations, and town names. Other legends are E. R. INIMICOS EIVS INDVAM CONFVSIONE; TIMOR DOMINE FONS VITE; IHS. AVTE TRANSIE PER MED ILLOR IBAT; SCVTVM FIDEI PROTEGET EVM; PER CRVCEM TVAM SALVA NOS XPE. RED.; IHESV. AVTEM TRANSIENS PER MEDIVM ILLORVM IBAT; and on some the titles appear.

_Rarity._ Gold coins rare, some extremely so. Silver, first coinage, the Testoon, Groat, Half-groat, and Penny, rare; all his last are tolerably common, with the exception of the Crown, Half-crown, and Penny. Halfpenny and Farthing rare.

_Gold._Treble-sovereigns, with the king in robes, and crowned, seated on the throne, drawn sword in right, and orb in left, hand; reverse, royal arms, with supporters, a lion and a dragon. Double-sovereigns, similar figure, but with sceptre instead of sword; a portcullis at his feet. Sovereign, same as Double-sovereign, or a half-length figure of the king in profile, in armour, crowned, sword in right hand, orb in left; reverse, arms of France and England, crowned, with or without lion and dragon supporters; beneath, on the mantling, E. R.; others have the same type as the foregoing. Half-sovereigns, king in chair of state; half-length figure, and bust crowned, etc.

[2] The first date that appears on any English silver coins.

[3] The first instance of a date upon an English gold coin.

MARY I. AND PHILIP AND MARY. (1553 to 1558.) Married Philip of Spain, 1554.

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Half-crown, Shilling, Sixpence, Groat, Half-groat, Penny. _Gold._ Sovereign or Double-rial, Rial, Angel, Angelet.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Before her marriage, Mary’s coins have a sinister bust profile, crowned, arched crown, hair long and flowing, draped. One Penny, a rose instead of head. After her marriage with Philip of Spain, the Shilling and Half-shilling have their busts face to face, with a crown above between them: here she appears with her dress up to her chin, and a head dress; he has the stiff ruffle about his neck. This arrangement of the profile heads facing each other gave rise to the couplet,

“... cooing and billing Like Philip and Mary on a shilling.”

The Half-crown, which appears to be merely a pattern-piece, but never issued, has on one side her bust, over which is the crown between the date 1554, with the legend MARIA D. G. R. ANG. FR. NEAP. PR. HISP.; and on the other a similar bust of Philip, beneath a crown, and the legend PHILIPVS D. G. R. ANG. FR. NEAP. PR. HISP. Some of the coins have no date, others the date above, others below the heads.

_Legend._ M. or MARIA.--D. G. ANG.--FR. FRA. Z. HIB. REG. or REGI. Shilling and Sixpence, PHILIP. ET. or Z.; or MARIA. D. G. R. ANG. FR. NEAP. PR. HISP.; or PHILIP ET MARIA D. G. REX ET REGINA ANG. or ANGL. Some have the date as 1553 either beneath the heads or by the crown. Penny, M. D. G. ROSA SINE SPINA; or P. Z. [ET] M. D. G. ROSA SINE SPINA.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Before the marriage, cross fleury and shield, as on her predecessor’s coins. After the marriage, Shilling and Sixpence bear the Spanish and Neapolitan royal arms, impaling those of England, in an oval shield, mantled; surmounted by a crown, between numerals for value.

_Legend._ Groat and Half-groat of Mary, VERITAS TEMPORIS FILIA, and also abbreviated; of Philip and Mary, POSVIMVS DEVM ADIVTO NOS. Shilling and Sixpence, POSVIMVS DEVM ADIVTOREM NOSTRVM, and abbreviated. Penny, CIVITAS LONDON; or VERITAS TEMP FILIA.

_Rarity._ Rose-penny rare; Half-crown, Half-groat, and Penny, extremely so.

_Gold._ Sovereign or Double-rial, the queen full-robed and crowned seated on the throne, in her right hand a sceptre, in the left the orb and cross; at her feet a portcullis; reverse, within a tressure of ten arches a double rose, with shield of royal arms in centre. _Legend_, A. DNO. FACTV. EST ISTV. Z. EST MIRA IN. OCVL. NRIS. (“It is the work of the Lord, and is wonderful in our eyes.”) Rial, the queen crowned standing in a ship, in her right hand a drawn sword, in her left a shield of arms; in front, a rose. Same legend. Angel and Angelet, with St. Michael and the Dragon as on those of preceding monarchs.

ELIZABETH. (1558 to 1603.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Crown, Half-crown, Shilling, Sixpence, Groat, Threepence, Half-groat, Three-halfpence, Penny, Three-farthing, Halfpenny. _Gold._ Sovereign or Double-rial, Rial, Pound-sovereign, Half-sovereign, Crown, Half-crown, Angel, Angelet, Quarter-angel.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Silver. Crown and Half-crown, sinister bust profile, crowned, open double-arched crown, hair turned back, draped, robe with wide puffed sleeves, stiff frill round the neck; in the right hand the sceptre, the orb as if held in the left. The Shilling, Sixpence, Groat, Threepence, Half-groat, Three-halfpence, Penny, Three-farthing, Halfpenny, and Farthing have also the bust profile, crowned with a single-arched crown, hair long and flowing down the back, draped robe, much plainer than before, and having no sceptre or orb.[4] The Sixpence, Threepence, Three-halfpence, and Three-farthing pieces are distinguished from the others by having the Tudor rose behind the head. It was in reference to this distinguishing mark of a rose behind the head that the satirist on costumes wrote:--

“... Behind her head a rose That people cry, ‘Lo! there Three-farthings goes!’”

[4] One variety, the “Pudsey” Shilling and Sixpence, said to have been used in the wars in Ireland, has an escallop shell filling the inner circle.

The commonest Halfpenny has a portcullis instead of the bust; the one with the bust is extremely rare. The “milled” money is neater in execution than the earlier “hammered” pieces. The “portcullis” money, struck in 1601 for foreign use, has on the obverse the royal arms, surmounted by a crown, between the initials E. and R., each crowned, and the usual name and titles of the queen; reverse, a portcullis crowned, and the POSVI, etc., legend.

_Legend._ E. ELIZ. ELIZAB. or ELIZABETH.--D. G. ANG. FR. (or FRA.) ET. HIB. (or HIBER.) REG. (REGI or REGINA). Three-halfpence, Penny, etc., E. R.,--E. D. G. ROSA SINE SPINA.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Cross fleury, or plain cross, and shield of France and England; the shield on the crown mantled. Halfpenny, cross and pellets. Farthing, crowned monogram of name.

_Legend._ POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEVM, or its abbreviations; or name of town.

_Gold._ Sovereign, or Double-rial, same general type as the Sovereign of Mary. Pound-sovereign, Half-sovereign, Crown and Half-crown, sinister bust fully robed, crowned with an open crown of two, four, or five arches. Rial, with the queen in a large ruff, standing in a ship, crowned, etc. Angels, Angelets, and Quarter-angels, St. Michael and the Dragon; reverse, a ship, royal shield in front, surmounted by a cross, with E. and a rose. Some of the legends on the reverses of gold coins are, A DNO. FACTV. EST ISTVD ET EST MIRAB. IN OCVL. NRS; IHS. AVT TRANSIENS PER MEDIV. ILLORVM IBAT; SCVTVM FIDEI PROTEGET EAM; and one Rial, referring to the taking of Virginia by Sir Walter Raleigh, has on its obverse ELIZAB [ETHA] D [EI] G [RATIA] ANG [LIÆ] FR[ANCIÆ]ETM[AGNÆ]PR[OVINCIÆ]C[APTÆ]A[VSPICIIS]I[LLIVS] REGINA (“Elizabeth, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, France, and the Great Province captured under her auspices”).

In this reign pattern copper coins were struck, but never issued. The Penny bore on the obverse a full-face portrait of the queen, and the words THE PLEDGE OF; and on the reverse the crowned monogram, and the continuation of the legend, A PENNY, and date 1601. Other pattern pieces were also struck of copper, lead, pewter, and leather, but are all extremely rare.

JAMES I. (1603 to 1625.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Crown, Half-crown, Shilling, Sixpence, Half-groat, Penny, and Halfpenny. _Gold._ First issue. Sovereign or Thirty-shilling-piece, Half-sovereign or Double-crown (15_s._), Quarter-sovereign or Crown (7_s._ 6_d._), Eighth-of-Sovereign or Half-crown (3_s._ 9_d._). Second issue. Unit (20_s._), Double-crown (10_s._), British-crown (5_s._), Half-British-crown (2_s._ 6_d._), Thistle-crown (4_s._). Third issue. Rose-rial or Sovereign (30_s._), Spur-rial (15_s._), Angel (10_s._), Angelet or Half-angel (5_s._). Last issue. Rose-rial or Sovereign (Thirty-shilling-piece), Spur Rial (Fifteen-shilling-piece), Angel, Laurel or Unit, Double-crown or Half-laurel, British-crown or Quarter-laurel. The current values were from time to time raised.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Crown and Half-crown, king on horseback, in armour, crowned, drawn sword in his right hand; on the caparison the royal rose or the thistle crowned.

On some IACOBVS D G MA (or MAG) BRI (or BRIT) FRA (or FRAN) ET HI (or HIB or HIBER) REX.

Shilling, Half-shilling, etc., dexter bust profile, robed, crowned; long pointed beard and mustachios, hair short, numerals at back of head for value. Twopence, the bust as before on some, on others the royal rose crowned. Penny, bust as before, or I. R. crowned; a rose on one side the letters, and a thistle on the other: others, a rose. Halfpenny, a portcullis, or rose.

_Legend._ I. IA. IACOBV. or IACOBVS. D. G. ANG. SCO. FRAN. ET. HIB. REX., and other abbreviations. Half-groat, etc., I. D. G. ROSA SINE SPINA. Penny with I. R.; and Halfpenny, no legend.

REVERSE..--_Type._ Crown, etc., royal arms, quarterly, 1 and 4, France and England quarterly; 2, Scotland; 3, Ireland. The shield of the Crown and Half-crown mantled, the others plain; Twopence, on some the same arms, on others a thistle, crowned. The Penny, with I. R. has a portcullis crowned; the others, a thistle; others have the arms. Halfpenny, cross moline with three pellets in each quarter; or a thistle.

_Legend._ Crown, Shilling, etc., EXVRGAT DEVS. DISSIPENTVR INIMICI; or QUÆ DEVS CONIVNXIT NEMO SEPARET. Half-groat, Penny, TVETVR VNITA DEVS. Penny same as Half-groat; other pennies and halfpennies without legend. _Rarity._ All common, except Half-crown.

_Gold._ Thirty-shilling, Unit, and other pieces, king enthroned, in full regalia, his feet upon a portcullis, the field diapered; or half-length or shorter portrait of king in armour, crowned, sceptre in right and orb in left hand: reverse, shield of arms. Rose-rial, king enthroned as before; reverse, a large double rose with shield of arms. Spur-rial, king in armour, standing in a ship with sword and shield; or, the Scottish lion, sejant, crowned, holding a sceptre in his right paw and supporting with his left a shield of the royal arms; reverse, within a tressure a Spur-rowel, or star of 16 points centred with a rose, four points terminated with lions, and four with fleurs-de-lis. Angel, etc., usual type. Thistle crown, a double rose on its stem, crowned, between the initials I. R.; reverse, a thistle crowned in like manner. Some of the legends or reverses are EXVRGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI; TVEATVR VNITA DEVS; FACIAM EOS IN GENTEM VNAM; HENRICVS ROSAS, REGNA IACOBVS; A DNO. FACTVM EST ISTVD ET EST MIRAB. IN OCVLIS NRIS; A DNO. FACTVM EST ISTVD, etc.

_Copper._ Farthing, crown and two sceptres in saltire, IACO. D. G. BRIT. Reverse, Irish harp, crowned, FRA. ET. HIB. REX. For Scotland a brass Twopence, called “Hardhead” was struck: obverse three thistles on one stem, IACOBVS D. G. MAG BRIT; reverse, lion rampant, FRAN and HIB REX.

CHARLES I. (1625 to 1649).

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Twenty-shilling-piece or Pound, Ten-shilling-piece or Half-pound, Crown, Half-crown, Shilling, Sixpence, Groat, Threepence, Half-groat, Penny, and Halfpenny.

_Gold._ Tower Mint. Unit, Broad, or Twenty-shilling-piece; Double-crown or Half-broad or Ten-shilling-piece; crown, Britain-crown, or Five-shilling-piece, Angel. Oxford Mint, Treble-Unit, or Three-Pound-piece; Unit or Twenty-shilling-piece; Half-unit, Double-crown, or Ten-shilling-piece. Briot’s Mint. Unit, Double-crown, or Half Unit, Angel.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Twenty-shilling and Ten-shilling-piece, king on horseback with or without artillery, armour, arms, etc., under horse’s feet. Crowns and Half-crowns, king in armour on horseback, but with very many variations in detail. One description is as much as our limits will allow. The Oxford Crown, the rarest in the series, has the king on horseback, in armour, to the left, crowned, double-arched crown, drawn sword in his right hand, a sash round his neck, coming under his left arm, the ends flying behind; the horse not caparisoned, having only a saddle cloth. On the field of the coin, beneath the horse, is a view of the city of Oxford, with the word OXON above it. This coin is beautifully executed. Shilling, Half-shilling, Quarter-shilling, Groat, Half-groat, and Penny, sinister bust profile, in robes, crowned, hair long and flowing, beard long. Some Groats and Half-groats have a rose crowned as also have Pennies. Halfpenny, a rose, no legend, or a rose crowned between C. R. The variations in the coins, consequent on the number of mints set up--London, Exeter, Aberystwith, Oxford, Bristol, Chester, Worcester, Weymouth, York, and other places--is very great; the differences being more or less important both as to mint marks and other features.

_Legend._ C. CAR. or CAROLVS. D. G. MAGNA BRITAN. FRAN. ET HIBER. REX, variously abbreviated. Oxford Crown, CAROLVS. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. ET. HIBER. REX.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Generally the royal shield. The Oxford Crown and some other coins have no device, except an ornament to divide the legends; and the Prince of Wales’ feathers three times repeated, or single, above. On some, the shield (which is as James I.’s) is oval, and mantled, sometimes crowned; others have shields, the quarterings terminating in a cross moline, etc. The smaller coins have sometimes a rose crowned, sceptres, or sceptre and trident in saltire, etc., or the declaration EXVRGAT, etc., in lines across. One Half-groat has two Cs interlinked, crowned.

_Legend._ Oxford Crown, EXVRGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI. In the field of the coin, in two parallel lines, is RELIG. PROT. LEG. ANG. LIBER. PARL., beneath which is 1644, OXON, and above v. for value. A branch of leaves and flowers between the words of the first. Others have CHRISTO AVSPICE REGNO. Others IVSTITIA THRONVM FIRMAT, or TVEATVR VNITA DEVS. The groat has RELIG., etc., within a scroll on the field, EXURGAT, etc.

_Rarity._ For the most part common. The Oxford crown is of the most extreme rarity, and most of the Oxford mintages are rare, as are those of Aberystwith and other places.

_Gold._ Three-pound-piece, crowned profile bust to the waist, with or without sword and olive branch; feathers behind the head; reverse, declaration in three lines. Unit or Broad-piece, bust profile, crowned, much varied on some with drawn sword and olive branch; behind the head XX for value. Reverse: On field, RELIG., etc., on a ribband. Double-crown and Crown, bust profile crowned. Reverse. Shield crowned, CVLTORES. SVI. DEVS. PROTEGIT. Angel same type as its predecessors.

_Copper._--Halfpence and Farthings, David playing the harp, looking upward; above, a crown, FLOREAT REX. Reverse: Halfpenny, St. Patrick in full robes, mitered, with crosier, etc., holding to figures around him the shamrock leaf; behind him the arms of Dublin. Farthing, St. Patrick as before, stretching his hand over reptiles; behind him a cathedral; legend, QVIESCAT PLEBS. Other Halfpence, Farthings and Half-farthings have on obverse two sceptres in saltire, behind, a crown, or C. R. crowned. Reverse: Some, the royal rose crowned; others, the Irish harp crowned; and others, again, the Scotch thistle; others, a small pellet of brass inserted in the centre of the rose. _Legend._ Obverse: CAR. CARO. or CAROLVS.--D. G. MAG. BRIT. Reverse: On some, the Scotch motto, NEMO., etc.; others, continuation of titles.