Part 3

_Obverse_, bust, much varied, on some mitred, with or without sceptre, and name, as CNVT, REX, RECX, RECCX, or RXC; A, AN, ANGL, or ANGLORUM, etc. _Reverse_, various crosses, etc., and moneyers’ and town names. Of the latter the following are known:--Bardney, Bath, Bedford, Bristol, Buckingham, Cadbury, Chichester, Cambridge, Castle Rising, Chepstow, Chester, Chichester, Canterbury, Colchester, Cricklade, Crewkerne, Dorchester, Dublin, Exeter, Ely, Ilchester, Ipswich, Gloucester, Godmanchester, Hastings, Hertford, Hereford, Huntingdon, Hythe, Lewes, Leyton, Langport, Leicester, Lydford, London, Maldon, Malmesbury, Norwich, Nottingham, Oxford, Ribchester, Romney, Rochester, Salisbury, Sandwich, Southampton, Shaftesbury, Shrewsbury, Steyning, Stamford, Stafford, Southwark, Taunton, Thetford, Totnes, Warwick, Watchet, Wallingford, Worcester, Wilton, Winchester, and York.

HAROLD I., 1035-1040.

_Obverse_, bust, varied, and name, as HARALD, HAROLD, HLOD, or HARE ..., R, RE, REX, or RECX, A, or AN. _Reverse_, cross, varied, and names of moneyer and town. The mint towns are Bath, Bedford, Bristol, Canterbury, Cambridge, Chichester, Colchester, Dover, Exeter, Ipswich, Lewes, Leicester, Lincoln, London, Norwich, Oxford, Rochester, Salisbury, Southampton, Nottingham, Stafford, Thetford, Warwick, Wilton, Wallingford, Worcester, Winchester, and York.

HARTHACNUT, 1040-1042.

_Obverse_, bust, varied, and name, as HARTHACNVT, HARTHECNVT, ARTHECNVT, HARNATHECN, or abbreviations, R, RE, or REX, and in one instance, AN. _Reverse_, cross, varied, and moneyer and town names. The latter, as known, are Bath, Bristol, Chester, Dover, Exeter, Guildford, Gloucester, Hereford, Huntingdon, London, Lincoln, Norwich, Nottingham, Oxford, Salisbury, Stamford, Steyning, Southwark, Warwick, Worcester, and Winchester.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, 1042-1066.

_Obverse_, bust, varied, or king seated on throne with full regalia, and name, as EDWERD, EDWARD, EDWEARD, EADWARD, EADVVEARDVS, EADVEARD, etc., R, RE, or REX, ANGLORVM, more or less abbreviated. _Reverse_, cross, varied, and other devices, or PAX across the field, or the arms, a cross between four martlets, etc., and moneyers’ and mintage town names, among the known places of which are Aylesbury, Bath, Derby, Hastings, Southampton, Bedford, Bedwin, Berkeley, Bristol, Canterbury, Chichester, Cricklade, Colchester, Salisbury, Dover, Dorchester, St. Edmundsbury, Exeter, Lewes, York, Ilchester, Ipswich, Gloucester, Guildford, Hastings, Cambridge, Southampton, Hertford, Hereford, Horningdon, Huntingdon, Hythe, Longport, Leicester, Chester, Lincoln, London, Maldon, Malmesbury, Newport, Norwich, Oxford, Castle Rising, Rochester, Winchester, Sandwich, Shaftesbury, Shrewsbury, Nottingham, Stamford, Stafford, Steyning, Sudbury, Southwark, Tamworth, Taunton, Thetford, Teignmouth, Warwick, Wallingford, Watchet, Wareham, Worcester, Wilton, Winchester, and York. About two thousand coins of this king were found near Steyning.

HAROLD II., 1066.

Although Harold reigned only nine months before his death at the battle of Hastings, there are several varieties of his coins known. They have the bust on the _obverse_, with the name HAROLD REX ANG, or ANGL; and on the reverse the word PAX across the field within the inner circle, and the moneyers’ and mintage town names. The names of known towns are Hastings, Bedford, Bristol, Canterbury, Chichester, Colchester, Cricklade, Derby, Dover, York, Exeter, Ilchester, Guildford, Ipswich, Gloucester, Cambridge, Hereford, Southampton, Huntingdon, Lewes, Leicester, Chester, Lincoln, London, Maldon, Norwich, Oxford, Rochester, Romney, Shaftesbury, Nottingham, Shrewsbury, Stamford, Steyning, Southwark, Taunton, Thetford, Warwick, Wallingford, Wareham, Winchester, Worcester, and Wilton; and the variety in the names of moneyers numbers over a hundred.

SAINTS AND ECCLESIASTICS.

Coins bearing the names of St. Eadmund, St. Peter, and St. Martin. Of the first of these nearly 1800 were found at Cuerdale, and therefore they must have been struck before 905; they bear in one form or other the name of the saint. The next, vulgarly known as “Peter’s Pence,” are supposed to have been struck somewhere between 905 and 941; and those of St. Martin from 921 to 942.

Archbishops, bishops and abbots, were in early times permitted to coin money. Those known before the time of Æthelstan’s decree that all the money in the kingdom should be uniform, are the following: of Canterbury, Archbishops Jaenbrht, 736-790; Æthelheard, 790-803; Vulfred, 803-830; Ceolnoth, 830-870; Ethered, 871-891; and Plegmund, 891-923. Of York, Archbishops Eanbald, 796; and Vigmund, 831-854.

ENGLISH COINS,

FROM THE CONQUEST DOWN TO THE REIGN OF VICTORIA. ENGLISH COINS.

_FROM THE CONQUEST DOWN TO THE REIGN OF QUEEN VICTORIA._

WILLIAM I. and WILLIAM II. (1066 to 1087, and 1087 to 1100.)

The coins of William the Conqueror and his son William Rufus cannot, with any degree of certainty, be distinguished the one from the other; their appropriation is therefore purely conjectural.

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies only.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Crowned bust, sometimes full-faced, at others in dexter or sinister profile; on some the shoulders and arm extending to the edge of the coin, on others the whole confined within the inner circle; sometimes with tassel, or pendant, hanging from the crown on either side (“bonnet” type), or with a canopy over the head (“canopy” type). On one or both sides of the bust is generally a sceptre, or star; or sceptre on one side and star on the other; or sword. Those usually ascribed to the first William are those with the sceptres only; the others are attributed to William II. But this is entirely supposititious.

_Legend._ PILEM.[1] PILELM. PILLEM. PILLELM. PILEMV. PILLEMV. PILLEMVS, etc.--R. or REX.--A. AN. ANG. ANGL. ANGLO. ANGLOR., etc.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Crosses in considerable variety, including fleury, battonée, annulæ, voided, etc.; others terminating in pellets, knots, etc.; cross and saltire; cross and lozenge; cross and annulets, etc. One type of common occurrence has, in circles between the limbs of the cross, the letters P A X S. In all cases the device is confined within the inner circle.

[1] It should be observed that the P is the Saxon W.

_Legend._ Mint master’s and town names, as GODPINE ON LIN, which signifies that it was struck by Godwine of Lincoln; SIPORD ON PINC, by Siward of Winchester; ESBRN ON SERBR, by Osbern of Salisbury; SIBODE ON LVNDEN; and so on. About sixty or seventy different places of mintage are known.

_Rarity._ Some scarce; those with the canopy over the head exceedingly so. Those with P A X S are common.

HENRY I. (1100 to 1135.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies only.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Crowned bust, sometimes full-faced, at others three-quarter faced, or in dexter or sinister profile; generally with a sceptre in the right hand, sometimes one, two, or three stars, or a rose before the face. In some instances the figure is half length and full robed, showing right hand holding sceptre, and left extended. There are many varieties.

_Legend._ H. HNRI. HNRE. HENRI. HENRIE. HENRIC. HNRICVS. or HENRICVS.--R. RE. or REX.--A. AN. ANG. or ANGL.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Crosses of the same general character as those of previous monarchs; quatrefoils with crosses, pellets, bezants, roses, etc., in them; others the letters P A X, bars and annulets.

_Legend._ Mint master’s and town names. About eighty moneyers’ names are known. One example has the legend in two circles.

_Rarity._ All rare; some types extremely so.

STEPHEN. (1135 to 1154.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies only.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Crowned bust, sometimes almost full-faced, but generally in dexter profile; sceptre, mace, lance, or flag in the right hand. On one are two figures, variously surmised to be Stephen and Henry, and Stephen and Matilda, represented standing side by side, hand clasped in hand, and between them a sceptre.

_Legend_. S. STE. STEF. STEFN. STIFN. STIEN. STEFNE. STEIFNE. STIEFEN. STIEFNEI. STIFNE. STEFENERE. STEP. STEPHENI. STEFANVS, or STEPHANVS.--R. or REX.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Crosses, etc., in great variety, all within the inner circle; some have the space usually allotted to the legend filled with various little devices, as roses, escallops, etc.; the Stephen and Henry (or Matilda) is of this kind. One example, struck at Derby, has within the inner circle a double cross, between the limbs of which are four martlets.

_Legend._ Mint master’s and town names, of which there are many varieties.

_Rarity._ All very rare. The Stephen and Henry (or Matilda) at Tyssen’s sale, in 1802, brought ten guineas, and at Dimsdale’s, in 1824, thirteen pounds two shillings and sixpence, and later, much higher prices.

Other coins bear the name of Eustace, son of Stephen (EVSTACIVS. EISTCHIVS, etc.); Matilda (MA[T]ILD[A] IM[PERATRIX], etc.); William, second son of Stephen (WILLELMVS. LVI--LLEM DVD); Earl of Warwick; Robert Earl of Gloucester; and Henry Bishop of Winchester (HENRICVS EPC.); all rare.

HENRY II. (1154 to 1189.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies only.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Crowned bust, full-faced or profile; sceptre in his right hand, generally held upright, but on some leaned on the shoulder. In one instance, with three stars before the face.

_Legend._ HENRI.--R. RE. or REX.--A. AN. ANG. or ANGL.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Cross patée, with four small ones, one in each quarter; all within the inner circle.

_Legend._ Mint master’s and town names; as, WALTER ON LV. (Walter of London), IOHAN ON LUNDEN (John of London), and so on.

_Rarity._ All rare.

RICHARD I. (1189 to 1199.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies and Halfpennies.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ The only coins known of this monarch are those struck at Poictou and Aquitaine; they have no bust, merely a plain cross patée. No English examples have as yet been discovered; the Evesham ones, etc., were forged by White.

_Legend._ RICARDVS.--RE. or REX.

REVERSE.--In three lines across the coin--

PIC TAVIE NSIS.

or ACVITAINE. No device.

_Rarity._ Extremely rare.

JOHN. (1199 to 1216.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies, Halfpennies, and Farthings.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ No English coins of John are known, but there are abundant proofs that coins were during his reign struck to a considerable extent in England. The supposition, amounting almost to a certainty, is that the “short cross” pennies of Henry II. continued to be struck and issued during this reign as well as in the early part of the next. The Irish coins of John have--_Penny_, full-faced, crowned bust, within a triangle, sceptre in the right hand; on the left of the head a rose. _Halfpenny_ and _Farthing_, head in triangle, on either side a star; one variety of halfpenny, called the “full moon halfpenny,” has the face filling up the whole field of the coin, the inner circle forming the outline of the face.

_Legend._ IOHAN. or IOHANNES.--REX or DOM. or DO.--the latter has IOHANNES DOM.; Farthing, WILLEM ON.

REVERSE.--_Type._ _Penny_ and _Halfpenny_, within a triangle a crescent, above which is a star or cross. Penny, a star at each point and side of triangle; Halfpenny, star on either side the crescent; Farthing, within a triangle a star; “full moon” halfpenny, a voided cross between four annulets, within inner circle.

_Legend_. Mint master’s and town names; as ROBERD ON DIVE., for Robert of Dublin; WILLEM ON LI, or WILLEM ON LIME, for William of Limerick; or WILLEM ON WA, for William, of Waterford. The Farthing has IOHANNES and DW (Dublin) in continuation of obverse.

_Rarity._ All very rare, the Farthing more particularly so.

HENRY III. (1216 to 1272.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Gold_, Penny. _Silver_, Pennies only.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ _Silver Penny._ Full face, crowned in some, without neck or shoulders; on some, on the right of the head (in the legend), a hand holding a sceptre over the head; in some, a mullet or star, in others a crescent and mullet.

_Legend._ HERICVS. or HENRICVS.--REX. or REX ANG.--III. TER. or TERCI. The legends of these coins are remarkable for the letters in many instances being conjoined.

REVERSE.--_Type._ There are two mintages. The early one (called “short cross pennies”) has a voided cross within the inner circle, and four pellets conjoined in each compartment; but the practice of clipping and filing the moneys had been carried to such an extent, that about 1248 Henry issued a new coinage, called “long cross pennies,” with the same cross, but extending through to the outer edge, thereby rendering any mutilation visible. The cross is a voided or double one, each end terminating in a pellet, and one in the centre; three pellets were now inserted in each compartment instead of four, and not conjoined.

_Legend._ Mint master’s and town names; some have TER. or TERCI. added; as, TER. RI ON LVND. in continuation of obverse. One variety reads LIE TERCI LON, being a continuation of HENRICVS REX ANG. of the obverse; this, in full, would be “HENRICVS REX ANGLIE TERCI. LON.”

_Rarity._ Not uncommon; those with TERCI. and REX ANG. rare.

_Gold._ The _Gold Penny_ of Henry III. was the first gold coin struck by any English monarch; it is therefore important as marking a new era in numismatics. The weight is forty-five grains, and it is of pure, unalloyed gold. On the _obverse_ is a full length robed and crowned figure of the king seated on a throne or chair of state, with sceptre in right hand, and orb and cross in the left. Legend HENRIC REX III. _Reverse_, a long double or voided cross and pellets, a rose between the pellets in each compartment. This coin has fetched at sales as much as £140.

From this time till Edward III., no other gold coins were struck by English monarchs.

EDWARD I. (1272 to 1307.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Crowned full-faced bust of the king, with neck and part of the shoulders draped; crown, consisting of three fleurs-de-lis, and two lozenges, balls, or points; beneath the rim of the crown, on the forehead, is a row of from one to five pearls; the hair, which is very abundant, stands out a considerable distance on either side the face, and curled; the whole within the inner circle. The Irish mintages are distinguished by having the head in a triangle, the legend running on its three sides; there are one or two specimens of English coins with the triangle, but they are very rare.

_Legend._ E. EDW. [EDWA. EDWAR. EDWARD. EDWARDVS.]--R. REX. or D.G.R.--A. AN. ANG or ANGL.--D.H. or DNS HYB. There are many opinions respecting the Pennies of the first three Edwards. The one most generally received is, that those with the name contracted to EDW. belong to Edward I.; those with the name in full EDWARD, to Edward III.; and the intermediate varieties to Edward II. It remains still, however, a vexed question, and one not easy of solution.

REVERSE.--_Type._ A plain cross, with its terminations enlarged, extending through to the outer edge of the coin and dividing the legend into four parts; three pellets in each compartment within the inner circle.

_Legend._ In every instance except one, which has a moneyer’s name, ROBERTVS DE HADL., or ROBERT DE HADELIE, consists of the name of the city or town where struck; as, CIVITAS LONDON. VILL BEREWICI. VILLA BRISTOLLIE. CIVITAS EBORACI. CIVITAS CANTOR. CIVITAS DVREME. CIVITAS LINCOL. VILL SCI EDMVNDI. CIVITAS CESTRIE. CIVITAS EXONIE. VIL NOVI CASTRI. VILL KYNGESTON, etc.

_Rarity._ Pennies common, with the exception of a few mintages. The Halfpenny and Farthing very rare, the Farthing particularly so.

EDWARD II. (1307 to 1327.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies, Halfpennies, and Farthings.

As I have just remarked, the coins bearing intermediate abbreviations of the king’s name, between EDW. and EDWARD, are, more for convenience than by right, appropriated to this monarch. The description just given will therefore apply to the coins of this reign.

EDWARD III. (1327 to 1377.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Groat, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny and Farthing. _Gold._--Florin, Half-florin, Quarter-florin; Noble, Half-noble, and Quarter-noble.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Groat and Half-groat, head same as Edward I.’s, within a circle formed of nine arches, fleury; Pennies, Halfpennies, and Farthings, as Edward I.’s.

_Legend._ Groat, EDWARD. DEI G. REX. ANGL. DNS. HY. Z. AQT.; or EDWAR. or EDWARD D. G. REX. ANGL. Z. FRANC. D.H.Y., or HYB. or HIBE. Half-groat, EDWARDVS. REX. ANGL. (or ANGLI) DNS. HYB., or Z. FRANCI or FRANCIE.; or ANGL. FRA. Z. HI. Penny, EDWARD or EDWARDVS.--D. G. or DI. GRA.--R. or REX.--ANGL. ANGLI. or ANGLIE.--D. or DNS. HYB. Z. FRA. FRANC. or FRANCI.

REVERSE.--_Type._ Cross and pellets as his predecessor; one limb of the cross of the Durham coins terminating in a crozier.

_Legend._ Groat and Half-groat. In the outer circle, POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEVM, or MEV. Inner circle, town name where struck; as, CIVITAS LONDON or CIVITAS EBORACI. Pennies, etc., town, etc., names.

_Rarity._ Calais Groat very rare; Halfpence and Farthings rare; all others not uncommon.

_Gold._ Florins (six shillings), Half-florins (three shillings), and Quarter-florins (eighteenpence); Nobles (six and eightpence), Half-nobles, or Maille-nobles (three and fourpence), and Quarter or Ferling-nobles (twenty pence). Florin: obverse, the king crowned and robed, seated under a canopy, with sceptre in right hand and orb and cross in the left; on the robe a fleur-de-lis; two lions, one on each side the throne: reverse, within a quatrefoil a short beaded cross with foliated ends; in each of the angles between the four limbs a lion, or leopard, surmounted with a crown. Half-florin: a lion, crowned; a mantle, or banner, charged with the royal arms, hung from his neck: reverse, within a quatrefoil a foliated cross having a lion in each angle; legend, DOMINE NE IN FVRORE TVO ARGVAS ME, and variations. Quarter-florin: helmet, with lamberquins and crest of lion, field semé-de-lis; reverse, richly foliated cross; legend, EXALTABITVR IN GLORIA. Noble and Half-noble, king in armour, crowned, standing in a ship, with sword in his right hand, and in his left a shield of England and France quarterly; reverse, in a tressure of eight arches a rich foliated cross, in each angle a lion surmounted by a crown, a fleur-de-lis at the end of each limb of the cross; legend, IHC TRANSIENS PER MEDIVM ILLORVM IBAT, with variations. Quarter-noble: an escutcheon with the arms of France and England, quarterly, within a tressure of eight foils. All more or less rare. A Florin has sold for £113; a Quarter-florin for £170.

RICHARD II. (1377 to 1399.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Groat, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing. _Gold._ Noble, Half-noble, and Quarter-noble.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ Groat and Half-groat, crowned bust within a tressure of nine arches, as his predecessor; the Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing similar to the last reigns.

_Legend._ RICARD. RICARDVS.--D. G. DI. G. or DI. GRA.--R. REX.--ANG. ANGL. or ANGLIE.--Z. FRA. FRANC. or FRANCIE.

REVERSE.--_Type_ and _Legend_. Similar to the preceding reign; on some, a rose in the centre of the cross.

_Rarity._ All rare.

_Gold._ Nobles, Half-nobles, and Quarter nobles; same types as before, with only the necessary change in the legend. All rare; the Half-noble particularly so.

HENRY IV. (1399 to 1413.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Groat, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing. _Gold._ Noble, Half-noble, and Quarter-noble.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ All his coins like his predecessor’s; (the head within the circle of arches on the Groat and Half-groat;) and are only to be distinguished from those of his successors Henry V. and VI. by weight. The Groat weighs seventy-two grains, the others of course of proportionate weights.

_Legend._ HENRIC. or HENRICVS.--D. G. or DI. GRA.--REX. ANGL. or ANGLIE.--Z. FRAN. or FRANC.--D. or DNS. HI. HIB. or HYB.--Z. AQ. or AQE., etc.

REVERSE.--_Type._ As his predecessor’s; the pellets in two of the quarters are joined together by an annulet.

_Legend._ Groat and Half-groat; POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM MEV or MEVM in outer circle, and name of town, as CIVITAS LONDON, in inner one. Pennies, etc., names of towns, as CIVITAS EBORACI, etc.

_Rarity._ Not uncommon; Groat rarest.

_Gold._ Noble, Half-noble, and Quarter-noble, same as Richard II., with only alteration of name. All rare; first coinage particularly so.

HENRY V. (1413 to 1422.)

His coins are precisely like Henry IV.; no distinguishing mark has as yet been discovered, so that what is said of the one will equally apply to the other.

HENRY VI. (1422 to 1461.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Groat, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing. _Gold._ Noble, Half-noble, Quarter-noble, and, later, Angel, and Half-angel or Angelet.

_Silver._ Same in every respect with the preceding ones, the only distinction being by weight, and minor differences, which are not to be taken as certain indications for appropriation; the weight of the earlier Groat being 60 grains, and the later, or “light coinage,” 48, and the other coins in proportion; the 48 grains Groat very rare.

_Gold._ Noble, Half-noble, and Quarter-noble, as before. The Angel, and Angelet or Half-angel, bear on the obverse a winged and nimbed figure of the Archangel Michael standing upon a dragon, which he is transfixing through the mouth with a spear, the upper end of which terminates in a cross crosslet.

_Legend._ HENRIC DI GRA REX ANGL Z FRANC.; or HENRIC DEI GRA REX ANGL Z FR.

REVERSE.--A ship with a large plain cross in place of mast, on which is a shield of the royal arms. On the dexter side of the cross a letter H, on the sinister a fleur-de-lis.

_Legend._ PER CRVSE TVA SALVA NOS XPE REDETOR.; or IHC AVTE TRANSIENS PER MEDIV ILORV.; or O CRVX AVE SPES VNICA.

_Rarity._ All rare.

EDWARD IV. (1461 to 1483.)

DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Groat, Half-groat, Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing. _Gold._ Noble, Rose-noble Royal or Rial, Half-noble or Half-rial, Quarter-noble or Quarter-rial, Angel, an Angelet or Half-angel.

OBVERSE.--_Type._ The general types of his silver coins are same as those of his predecessors. The Groat and Half-groat have the bust within the circle of arches; Penny, Halfpenny, and Farthing, the same as before. Some have the royal badge of the House of York, the rose, on either side the neck of the bust, and others an annulet and rose, or four pellets, etc., on the breast; others with the initial letter of the town.

_Legend._ EDWARD. With titles as before. On the Farthing EDWARD REX ANGL. REVERSE.--_Type._ Similar to the others.

_Legend._ On Groat and Half-groat. POSVI DEVM ADIVTORE MEVM in the outer circle, and name of town in the inner. On the lesser coins the names of towns only, as CIVITAS LONDON, etc.

_Gold._ Noble. Same type as his predecessor. Rial or Rose-noble, and its Half, much the same general type, but with a rose on the side of the ship, beneath the king and letter E on the flag.

REVERSE.--Within a tressure as before a sun of sixteen rays in place of limbs of the cross, the lions and crowns and the terminations of the limbs remaining.

_Legend._ As before. Quarter-rial: arms as before within a quatrefoil; there are several minor varieties. Angel and angelet as before. The sun and the rose were badges of the House of York.

EDWARD V. (1483.)

There are some gold and silver coins exactly similar to those of Edward IV., but bearing as mint marks a boar’s head, a rose-en-soleil, or a rose-en-soleil on one side and boar’s head on the other, that are conjectured to have been issued by this youthful king by authority and order of his uncle the “Protector,” afterwards Richard III., whose badges they bear. They are extremely rare.