Part 10

The following is a list of the Roman emperors, and other members of the Imperial families, arranged in the order in which it is usual to classify their coins, which is, as far as possible, chronological:--

Augustus B.C. 27-A.D. 14 Livia or Julia, wife of Augustus Agrippa

A.D. Tiberius 14-37 Caius Caius and Lucius Drusus senior Antonia Drusus junior Germanicus Agrippina, wife of Germanicus Nero & Drusus, sons " Caligula 37-41 Claudius 41-54 Britannicus Agrippina, w. of Claudius Nero 54-68 Galba 68-69 Otho 69 Vitellius 69 Vespasian 69-79 Domitilla, w. of Vespasian Domitilla, daughter of Vespasian Titus 79-81 Julia, daughter of Titus Domitian 81-96 Domitia, wife of Domitian Nerva 96-98 Trajan 98-117 Plotina, wife of Trajan Marciana, sister of Trajan Matidia, daughter of Marciana Hadrian 117-138 Sabina, wife of Hadrian Ælius, adopted by Hadrian Antoninus Pius 138-161 Faustina I., w. of Ant. Pius. M. Aurelius 161-180 Faustina II., w. of M. Aurelius L. Verus 161-169 Lucilla, w. of L. Verus Commodus 180-192 Crispina, w. of Commodus Pertinax 193 Didius Julianus 193 Manlia Scantilla, w. of Did. Julian. Pescennius Niger 194 Clodius Albinus (in Britain) 193-197 Septimius Severus 193-211 Julia Domna, w. of S. Severus M. Aurel. Antoninus (Caracalla) 211-217 Plautilla, w. of Caracalla Geta, brother of Caracalla 211-212 Macrinus 217 Diadumenian, son of Macrinus M. Aurel. Antoninus (Elagabalus) 218-222 Julia Paula, w. of Elagabalus Aquillia Severa, w. of Elagabalus Annia Faustina, w. of Elagabalus Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus Julia Mæsa, grandmother of Elagabalus M. Aurel. Severus Alexander 222-235 Barbia Orbiana, w. of Sev. Alex. Julia Mamæa, mother of Sev. Alex. Uranius Sulpicius Antoninus (in the East) Maximinus I. 235-238 Paulina, w. of Maximinus Maximus, son of Maximinus Gordian I. 238 Gordian II. 238 Balbinus 238 Pupienus 238 Gordian III. Pius 238-244 Tranquillina, w. of Gordian III. Philip I. 244-249 Otacilia, w. of Philip I. Philip II., son of Philip I. 244-249 Trajan Decius 249-251 Herennia Etruscilla, w. of Traj. Decius Herennius Etruscus, son of Traj. Decius 251 Hostilianus, son of Traj. Decius 251 Trebonianus Gallus 251-254 Volusianus, son of Treb. Gallus Æmilianus 253-254 Cornelia Supera, w. of Æmilian. Valerianus I. 253-260 Mariniana, w. of Valerian I. Gallienus 253-268 Salonina, w. of Gallienus Saloninus, son of Gallienus Claudius II., Gothicus 268-270 Quintillus, brother of Claudius II. Aurelianus 270-275 Severina, w. of Aurelianus Postumus (in Gaul) 258-267 Postumus II., son of Postum. Lælianus (in Gaul) Victorinus I. (in Gaul) 265-267 Marius (in Gaul) 267 Tetricus I. (in Gaul) 267-273 Tetricus II., son of Tetric. I. Macrianus I. (in the East) 260-262 Macrianus II., son of Macrianus I. Quietus, son of Macrianus I. 260-262 Tacitus 275-276 Florianus 276 Probus 276-282 Carus 282-283 Carinus 283-285 Magnia Urbica, w. of Carinus Nigrinianus, son of Carinus Numerianus 283-284 Julianus Diocletianus 284-305 Maximianus I., Hercules 286-305 Carausius (in Britain) 287-293 Allectus 293-296 Domitius Domitianus (in Egypt) Constantius I., Chlorus 305-306 Maximianus II. 305-311 Valeria, w. of Maximian. II. Severus II. 306-307 Maximinus II. (Daza) 308-313 Maxentius 306-312 Romulus, son of Maxentius Licinius I. 307-323 Licinius II., son of Licinius I. Martinianus 323 Constantinus I., the Great 306-337 Fausta, w. of Constantine Crispus, son of Constantine Helena, mother of Constant. Theodora Delmatius, nephew of Constantine Hanniballianus, brother of Delmatius Constantinus II. 337-340 Constans 337-350 Magnentius (in Gaul) 350-353 Decentius, brother of Magnentius Nepotianus 350 Vetranio 350-356 Constantius II. 337-361 Constantius Gallus Julian II. (The Apostate) 361-363 Jovianus 363-364 Valentinian I. 364-375 Valens 364-378 Procopius (in the East) 365-366 Gratianus 375-383 Maximus II. (Britain and Gaul) 383-388 Victor, son of Maximus II. Valentinian II. 375-392 Theodosius I., the Great 379-395 Flaccilla, w. of Theodosius Eugenius (in Gaul) 392-394 Honorius 395-423

The above list is not quite complete, even as far as it goes, but it includes the names of all the emperors whose coins are at all likely to be met with by the young collector.

The series of the large brass coins, which is more interesting than the others, ceases after the reign of Postumus.

§ ROMAN MEDALLIONS.

(5) Imperial medallions. As illustrations of the life and religion of the Romans under the Empire, as well as of the history of the times, no numismatic monuments which have come down to us can compete with the large bronze medallions. They are to be distinguished from the current large brass coins by the absence of the letters s.c. (_senatus consulto_), as well as usually by their larger size, higher relief, and finer work. As, however, the prices fetched by good medallions are, as a rule, very high, they are practically out of the reach of the collector of moderate means.

§ HOW TO DISTINGUISH TRUE FROM FALSE

COINS.

The young collector will not be long before he learns that a large number of the coins exposed for sale in shop windows are false, and at first he may be a little discouraged by finding that he is himself quite unable to discriminate between a true coin and a false one. But let him not despair. He will in time, by careful observation of undoubtedly authentic specimens of the class which he has selected for study, gain a kind of instinct which will enable him to detect the modern imitation at a glance, even though he may not always be able to explain his reasons to the uninitiated.

False coins may be divided into the following classes:--

I. _Forgeries struck from false modern dies._ Such forgeries, when the dies have been well executed by men familiar with the characteristic peculiarities of ancient work, are often exceedingly difficult to detect, especially when they are of gold. The true ancient patina and oxide which time alone gives to bronze and silver, cannot be exactly imitated.

A few hints may be of use in the detection of false struck coins.

The weight, owing to the ignorance of the forger, is generally incorrect.

The style of the art is weak, and the forms of the letters especially are timid and wanting in firmness.

II. _Modern casts made from ancient struck originals._ A cast coin, when in gold or silver, may always be detected by its light weight, unless this has been compensated for by making the cast thicker than the original. The lettering and the types on cast coins are also less sharply defined than on struck coins, and the surface has either a soft and soapy appearance, or else it is covered with minute sand-holes, an infallible indication of rough casting. The genuine patina of bronze coins is imitated by paint, which can be removed by spirits of wine.

III. _Electrotypes._ These are of necessity of wrong weight. They may also be known by the edges, where the mark of joining of the two sides separately made and then stuck together, is never concealed, unless, which is seldom the case, the electrotype is intended to deceive. Many students who cannot afford to buy originals of rare coins, supply their places by electrotypes, which, as they are exact facsimiles, do not spoil the eye, as too much familiarity with false coins undoubtedly does. Electrotypes may generally be split in two with a strong knife.

IV. Original coins which have been altered with a graving tool may be classed as forgeries, and should be avoided, as there is no telling to what extent they may have been “restored.”

§ THE COIN CABINET.

Coins should be kept under lock and key in a mahogany cabinet. Trays made of cedar should never be used, as there is a deposit from this wood which covers the surface of copper and lead coins with a kind of varnish which is difficult to remove. In arranging coins in the trays, begin at the left hand top corner, placing the coins in rows, one in each hole. Under every coin there should be a descriptive card or a number referring to a catalogue, in which the price paid for every specimen should be carefully recorded, as well as the name of the persons from whom it was acquired. A coin from a well-known cabinet will always fetch more when sold than an equally fine specimen of which the antecedents are unknown.

BARCLAY V. HEAD.

Transcriber’s notes:

Pg. 7 ... COMIVS the earliest inscribed coin, 55 B.C should be ... COMMIVS the earliest inscribed coin, 55 B.C.. Period after C in B.C. missing--added in.

Pg. 14 ... and within each of the. outer curves three pellets. Between the and outer no punctuation needed. Period removed. ... and within each of the outer curves three pellets.

Pg. 15 ... is engraved on p. 6, Fig. J). Opening parenthesis missing, adjusted to ... is engraved on ( p. 6, Fig. J).

Pg. 16 CVNOBELINVS, comma is a period in all other names on list. Changed to period. CVNOBELINVS.

Pg. 17 The _obverse_ of one example is engraved on p. 6, Fig. i. Parenthesis missing, should be, The _obverse_ of one example is engraved on (p. 6, Fig. i.).

Pg. 18 Britions should be Britons.

Pg. 24 Two coins have been attributed to him, the name on the _obverse_ being on one EDI[L]HD[L]V, and on the other ATHBADIV. EDI[L]HD[L]V, look like upside down L’s facing right. Transcribed as [L].

Pg. 24 Coins supposed to belong to him bear the name ALCHRED or A[L]CHRED. Upside down L character facing right transcribed as[L].

Pg. 24 Some sceattæ bearing the word E[L]FVA[L]V or VALD[F][E]LA on Upside down and backward characters in brackets [L], [F], [E] L,upside down facing left, F,upside down facing left, E, since top and bottom of capital E are identical, just facing left.

Pg. 26 _Obverse._ ERIC REX A, or AL, EBOR, EF, EN, IO, N or NO, or TO, in two lines divided by a sword. _Reverse_, moneyer’s name, etc. Left as printed in original.

Pg. 27 AETHELBEARHT; 856-866. Left as printed in original.

Pg. 31 ful, End of line type setting error. EADWARDl It should be full and EADWARD, .... The comma comes down to EADWARD, and the l goes above to full.

Pg. 32 Wallingford Watchet, Wareham, Worcester, Wilton, Winchester, and York. Missing comma between Wallingford and Watchet. Comma inserted.

Pg. 32 About two thousand coins of this king were found near Steyning Period after Steyning missing. Inserted.

Pg. 38 D H. Missing period after D. Period inserted. D.H.

Pg. 39 DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Pennies, Halfpennies, and Farthings Period missing at end of sentence. Period inserted.

Pg. 44 FRAN. FRANC.--DNS. HIBN, IBAR. or IBARNC. Punctuation after HIBN should be period, so changed. FRAN. FRANC.--DNS. HIBN. IBAR. or IBARNC.

Pg. 47 Shilling and Sixpence. PHILIP. ET. or Z.; Period after Shilling and Sixpence should be comma, so changed to comma. Shilling and Sixpence, PHILIP. ET. or Z.;

Pg. 51 Reverse: Halfpenny, St. Patrick in full robes, mitred ... Mitred should be mitered.

Pg. 52 Reverse, OBS. NEWARK. 1646. Period after NEWARK should be comma. Changed to comma. Reverse, OBS. NEWARK, 1646.

Pg. 54 Legend on reverses. FLORENT CONCORDIA REGNA, or titles. Period after reverses should be comma. Period so changed. Legend on reverses, FLORENT CONCORDIA REGNA, or titles.

Pg. 56 Other varieties need not be particularised. Particularised should be particularized.

Pg. 62 Shilling, Sixpence, Groat or Fourpence, Threepence Twopence, Penny. Comma missing after Threepence--corrected.

Pg. 63 ... obverse, same bust as. the silver, VICTORIA DEI GRATIA, and date; reverse, Sovereign, royal arms, as the Half-crown; Phrase, “same bust as. The silver” should not have a period between as and the. Changed to, ... same bust as the silver ...

Pg. 70 ... their loca governments; Should be, ... their local governments;

Pg. 81 FOUNDERS.--A laver pot (or vase) between two prickets) or taper-candlesticks). Sentence should be, FOUNDERS.--A laver pot (or vase) between two prickets (or taper-candlesticks).

Pg. 85 On a chevron between three Bibles fessewise, claspsdownwards ... Should be, “clasps downwards,” .

Pg. 88 ... are too numerous to particularise. Particularise should be particularize.

Pg. 93 ... and so on in very grea variety. Grea should be spelled great.

Pg. 113 On Imperial coins of Cnidu. the famous naked Aphrodite by Praxiteles was represented. Punctuation after Cnidu should be comma.

Pg. 113 [Illustration: Fig 47. Nike (Victory).] Should be period after Fig. [Illustration: Fig. 47. Nike (Victory).]

Pg. 115 Denomination for 90 should be koppa (κοππα). The symbol may not be rendered correctly by all readers so it has been written by name.

Tens. I. Κ. Λ. Μ. Ν. Ξ. Ο. Π. κοππα 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90.

Pg. 115 Denomination for 900. should be sampi (σαμπι). The symbol may not be rendered correctly by all readers so it has been written by name.

Hundreds. P. Σ. Τ. Υ. Φ. Χ. Ψ. Ω. σαμπι 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. 600. 700. 800. 900.

Pg. 119 _Kings of Pergamus_ Philetaerus, the Attalids ... Should be, _Kings of Pergamus_ Philetaerus, the Attalids.

Pg. 119 Abydos, Alexandria Troas, Ilium, Scepsis. Alexandria needs following comma. Abydos, Alexandria, Troas, Ilium, Scepsis.

Pg. 119 Calymna, Cos, Rhodes Ialysus, Camirus, Lindus). Extraneous parenthesis--removed.

Pg. 120 (_Kings_--Mannus, Abgarus, etc. Missing parenthesis--corrected. (_Kings_--Mannus, Abgarus, etc.)

Alternate Spellings and hyphenation:

Pg. 8 ADDEDOMARVS, supposed to have been contemporary with Cunobelinus. Pg. 17 and ADDEDO-MARVS, or ADDEDO, or A[BO][BO]IIDO [M], or other abbreviations. Difference of ADDEDOMARVS and ADDEDO-MARVS retained.

Pg. 48 Sixpence, Groat, Threepence, Half-groat, Three-halfpence, Penny, Pg. 70 In 1574 a proposition was made to the Queen by two persons named Wickliffe and Humphrey, to coin half-pence and 3 instances of halfpence. Only one of half-pence. Changed to halfpence.

Pg. 46 ... and Threepence, fullfaced bust of king Pg. 49 The Penny bore on the obverse a full-face portrait of the queen ... Alternate hyphenation of full-face.

Pg. 39 one limb of the cross of the Durham coins terminating in a crozier. Pg. 51 St. Patrick in full robes, mitered, with crosier, etc.,

Pg. 52 reverse, shield of Irish harp; legend, FARTHING TOKENS OF ENGLAND. ENGLAND’S FARTHING. THE FARTHIN TOKENS FOR. The spelling in question is FARTHIN. This is how it is said to be on the token. I am leaving it as is.

Pg. 52 Other places where these were struck were Colchester, Carlisle ... Pg. 49 ... to use an expression of Carlyle’s) Preserved both Carlisle and Carlyle as one is a place name and one is a proper name.

Instances of various pages: 21 instances of twopence. One instance of two-pence changed to twopence.

37 instances of half-groat. 1 instance of halfgroat, changed to half-groat.

Pg. 39 DENOMINATIONS.--_Silver._ Groat, Halfgroat, Penny, Halfpenny Changed to Half-groat.