i. 273;

character, 275, 276; alliance with Henry I., 231; wars with Louis VI., _ib._, 235; invited to Normandy, 282, 337; treaties with Geoffrey, _ib._; with Stephen, 286; opposes Louis VII.’s attempt on Toulouse, 457; quarrel with Louis, 384; death, 392, 399

Theobald V., count of Blois etc., seeks to marry Eleanor, i. 392; betrothed to Adela, 445; ally of Henry II., 466

Theobald Walter, ii. 293, 343

Theodoric, count of Flanders, i. 342

Thierceville, i. 354

Thomas of London, son of Gilbert Becket, his boyhood, i. 50, 51; studies in Paris, 352; clerk to Osbern Huitdeniers, 353; enters Theobald’s household, 353, 354; goes with him to Rome, 356; to Reims, 368; studies at Bologna and Auxerre, 379; opposes crowning of Eustace, 391; chancellor, 418; archdeacon of Canterbury, 420, 479, 480; his person, 421; life as chancellor, 421–425; relations with Henry, 423, 425–427; embassy to France, 446–448; exploits in war of Toulouse, 465, 466; combat with Engelram of Trie, 467; opposes marriage of Mary of Boulogne, 469; takes charge of young Henry and procures his recognition as heir, 471–473; relations with Roger of Pont-l’Evêque, 478; with John of Salisbury, 485; character as chancellor and as primate, 504, 505; archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 1–3; consecrated, 4–5; institutes Trinity-Sunday, 5; receives his pall and resigns the chancellorship, 6; life as archbishop, 7–10; his _eruditi_, 8; plans of Church reform, 11; reclaims alienated lands, 11, 12; dispute with Roger of Clare, 12, 16; with William of Eynesford, 17; resigns archdeaconry, 13; relations with Gilbert Foliot, _ib._, 31; at council of Tours, 14; resists Henry at Woodstock, 15, 16; refuses the “customs,” 22, 23; young Henry taken from him, 23; meets Henry at Northampton, _ib._; consecrates Robert of Melun, 24; accepts the customs, _ib._; swears to them at Clarendon, 25; rejects the constitutions of Clarendon, 28; forbids marriage of William of Anjou, 29; dispute with Roger of York, 30; attempts flight, 31; meets Henry at Woodstock, 31, 32; dispute with John the marshal, 32, 33, 34; at council of Northampton, 33–40; flight, 41; goes to Soissons and Sens, 42; effects of the quarrel in England, 46–49; resigns his ring to the Pope, 52; goes to Pontigny, 42, 54; life there, 63; writes to Henry, 63, 64; pilgrimage to Soissons, 65; excommunications at Vézelay, 66; legate, 67; goes to Sens, 68; meets Henry at Montmirail, 69; excommunications at Clairvaux, 70; meets Henry at Montmartre, 71; proclaims interdict, 71; forbids crowning of young Henry, 72; meets Henry at Fréteval, 73; Tours and Chaumont, 74; his estates restored, 74; returns to England, 77; excommunicates the De Brocs, 78; slain, 79; canonized, 431; results of his life and death, 431–433; lives of, 439

Thomas Pactius, prior of Loches, i. 126, 127, 153, note 3{318}

Thorgils, ii. 82

Thouars, _see_ Almeric, Guy

Thurstan, archbishop of York, his charter to Beverley, i. 30, 38; protects Fountains, 71; makes truce with the Scots, 286; organizes defence of Yorkshire, 288, 289; dies, 354

Tiberias, battle of, ii. 247

Tickhill, ii. 282, 291, 299, 323, 328

Tighernan O’Ruark, chief of Breffny, ii. 97, 109, 111, 114

Tinchebray, battle of, i. 12, 13, 227

Tintern abbey, i. 71

Tithe, the Saladin, ii. 249

Torigni, 386, 405. _See_ Robert

Tortulf the Forester (Torquatius), i. 105, 127, 128

Totnes, gild at, ii. 469

Toucques, i. 307

Toulouse, relations with France, i. 457, 458; war of Henry II. against, 464–466; its results, 468; attacked by Sancho of Navarre and the seneschal of Gascony, ii. 316; counts, i. 454–456. _See_ Alfonso, Bertrand, Raymond, William

Touraine, i. 107; ceded to Geoffrey Martel, 187, 188

Tournaments authorized by Richard I., ii. 342

Tours (_Cæsarodunum_) sacked by northmen, i. 102; early history, 178–183; granted to Geoffrey Martel, 178; siege, 184; ceded by Theobald, 187; council at, ii. 14; taken by Philip, 264; Richard at, 365, 366; meeting of Arthur and the Lusignans at, 405; burnt by Philip, 407; destroyed by John, _ib._; S. Martin’s abbey, i. 102, 113, 114, 181–183; its banner, 186; Châteauneuf, 183, ii. 264, 366. _See_ Adaland, Gatian, Gregory, Lidorius, Martin, Odo, Theobald

Towns, English, their origin and character, i. 27–29; taxation, 25, 29; _firma burgi_, 29; condition under Henry I., 30–54; fusion of races in, 48, 49; progress under the Angevins, ii. 468–472

Tracy, _see_ William

Trade, English, with Flanders, i. 30, 52; with Ireland, 32, 34, 35; ii. 87; of Winchester, i. 32; Bristol, 34, 35; ii. 87; Chester, i. 36; ii. 87; Lincoln, i. 39, 40; Norwich, 40; London, 49; under the Angevins, ii. 481–485

Treasurers, _see_ Nigel, Richard

Trencavel, _see_ Raymond

Trent, river, i. 40, 344, 345

Trèves (near Saumur), i. 162

Trie, _see_ Engelram

Trinity Sunday instituted, ii. 5

Trussebut, _see_ William

Tuam, metropolis of Connaught, ii. 94

Tunbridge, ii. 12, 16

Turlogh, _see_ Terence

Turnham, _see_ Robert, Stephen

Turold, abbot of Malmesbury, i. 84

_Turones_ or _Turoni_, i. 179

Twinham or Christchurch, i. 32

Ulger, bishop of Angers, i. 370

Ulster invaded by John de Courcy, ii. 184

Umfraville, _see_ Odelin

Universities, ii. 460–468. _See_ Bologna, Cambridge, Oxford, Paris

Urban II., Pope, i. 225

Urban III., Pope, ii. 242, 247

Ursus or Ours, S., i. 110

Vacarius, i. 379

Varaville, i. 213

Varneville, _see_ Ralf

Vegetius Renatus, his book _De Re Militari_, i. 386

Vendôme, abbey of Holy Trinity at, i. 172. _See_ Adela, Burchard, Elizabeth, Fulk, Geoffrey, John

Verdun, treaty of, i. 98

Vere, _see_ Aubrey

Vermandois, ii. 360. _See_ Ralf

Verneuil, ii. 364, 365, 425

Vexin, the French, granted to William Clito, i. 243

Vexin, the Norman, ceded to Louis VII., i. 388; settled on Margaret, 467, 471; seized by Henry II., 470

Vézelay, S. Thomas at, ii. 66

Victor IV., antipope, i. 498, 499; ii. 55

Vienna, Richard I. captured at, ii. 322

Villeins in twelfth century, i. 57–62

Vulgrin, count of Angoulême, invades Poitou, ii. 209; submits to Richard, 210, 215; dies, 220

Wace, ii. 446

Walbrook, i. 46

Waldric or Gualdric, chancellor of England and bishop of Laon, i. 22, 30

Waleran, count of Meulan, rebels, i. 241; raises siege of Carham, 287; escorts the Empress to Bristol, 310; submits to Geoffrey, 337, 338

Wales, Flemish settlers in, i. 52; Henry I.’s dealings with, 96; condition in twelfth century, ii. 99; Henry II.’s wars in, i. 435–437; ii. 179–181, 237; crusade preached in, ii. 249; Gerald’s books on, 458. _See_ Cadwallader, David, Madoc, Nest, Owen, Rees

Walkelyn Maminot, i. 295, 299

Wallingford, the Empress at, i. 334; blockaded by Stephen, 396; relieved by Henry, 397; treaty of, 400; council at, 429; granted to John, ii. 282; taken from him, 323, 328

Walter of Coutances, archbishop of Rouen, ii. 297; sent to England, 298, 300; supports John against W. Longchamp, 308, 309; justiciar, 311, 312; hostage for Richard’s ransom, 326; quarrel with Richard, 380, 381; invests John as duke, 389

Walter, archdeacon of Canterbury, i. 478; bishop of Rochester, _ib._, 506; ii. 4

Walter, count of Mantes, i. 217, 218

Walter de Clare, i. 71

Walter Lespec founds Kirkham priory, i. 67; Rievaux, 71; at battle of the Standard, 289; death, 399

Walter Map, ii. 449–452

Walter, _see_ Hubert

Wareham, i. 295, 299, 330, 332, 333

Warin, abbot of Malmesbury, i. 84

Wark, ii. 153. _See_ Carham

Warren, _see_ Isabel, Hameline, William

Waterford, its origin, ii. 83; taken by Richard of Striguil, 104; Henry II. at, 113; bull “Laudabiliter” published at, 182. _See_ Malchus

Waverley abbey, i. 71

Weavers, gilds of, i. 30, 52; ii. 481

“Week-work,” i. 57

Weobly, i. 296

Westminster, i. 46; coronations at, i. 279, 405; ii. 72, 276, 391, 399; councils at, i. 300, 329, 330; ii. 3, 22, 23, 190

Wexford, ii. 102, 109, 111, 117

Wherwell, i. 327

_White Ship_ wrecked, i. 239

Wigford, i. 439

Wigmore, i. 429

William, S., archbishop of York, i. 354, 355, 364–367, 478

William the Conqueror, king of England and duke of Normandy, his ecclesiastical customs, i. 16; charter to London, 45; shelters Bp. Gervase of Le Mans, 206; helps King Henry against Geoffrey Martel, 207; besieges Domfront, 208, 209; regains Alençon and fortifies Ambrières, 209; challenges Geoffrey, 211; treaty with Herbert of Maine, 216; conquers Maine, 218; Maine revolts against, 221, 222; treaty with Anjou, 223; death, _ib._

William II. Rufus, king of England, regains Maine, i. 3; restores Carlisle, 36; his palace at Westminster, 46; war with Elias, 225, 226; death, 3, 226

William the Lion, king of Scots, does homage to young Henry, ii. 72; joins his rebellion, 140; invades England, 149, 153, 154; his border castles, 152; prisoner, 161, 162; does homage for his crown, 166, 178; marriage, 237; negotiations with Richard, 281, 330, 341; with John, 391, 393; homage to John, 399

William II. the Good, king of Sicily, betrothed to Jane, daughter of Henry II., ii. 60; marriage, 189; death, 318

William the Ætheling, son of Henry I., betrothed to Matilda of Anjou,