CHAPTER V

MEHEMET ALI

The Sultan Mahmud II.--The Greek insurrection--Sultan invokes the aid of Mehemet Ali--Intervention of the Christian Powers--Navarino--Russo-Turkish War--Mehemet Ali--Ibrahim Pasha lays siege to Acre--Mahmud resolves to crush his rebellious vassal--Defeat of Hussein Pasha--Stratford Canning at Constantinople--Mahmud appeals to England for help--Battle of Konieh--Muravieff at Constantinople--Russia offers help--The policy of Russia towards Turkey--Ibrahim advancing--Sultan accepts the aid of Russia--Mehemet Ali rejects the Sultan's terms--Russian fleet in the Bosphorus--Roussin at Constantinople--_Ultimatum_ of the Pasha--The Convention of Kiutayeh--Anger of Nicholas--Why Mahmud surrendered Adana--Ponsonby and Orloff at Constantinople--Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi--Great Britain and France protest--Meeting of the two Emperors at Münchengrätz--Treaty of October 15, 1833--Secret treaty of September 18, 1833--Palmerston and Broglie vainly endeavour to arouse the fears of Metternich 145-170