Part 2

J. S. F. JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC., F.G.S. Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society of London.

Charnockite.

J. T. Be. JOHN T. BEALBY. Joint author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly editor of the _Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's _Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c.

Caspian Sea (_in part_); Caucasia; Caucasus (_in part_).

J. T. C. JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S. Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association, and Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of numerous papers in scientific journals.

Cephalopoda.

J. Wa. MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES WATERHOUSE. Indian Staff Corps. Vice-President of the Royal Photographic Society. Assistant Surveyor-General in charge of Photographic Operations in the Surveyor-General's Office, Calcutta, 1866-1897. Took part in the observation of total eclipses, 1871 and 1875, and of transit of Venus, 1874. President of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1888-1890. Author of _The Preparation of Drawings for Photographic Reproduction_; &c.

Camera Obscura: _History_.

J. W. D. CAPTAIN J. WHITLY DIXON, R.N. Nautical Assessor to the Court of Appeal.

Capstan.

J. W. He. JAMES WYCLIFFE HEADLAM, M.A. Staff Inspector of Secondary Schools under the Board of Education. Formerly Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Professor of Greek and Ancient History at Queen's College, London. Author of _Bismarck and the Foundation of the German Empire_; &c.

Caprivi.

L. D.* MONSEIGNEUR LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER DUCHESNE. See the biographical article: DUCHESNE, L. M. O.

Calixtus I.; Celestine I.

L. J. B. LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. Author of _The Search for the Western Sea_. Joint author (with Henry J. Morgan) of _Canadian Life in Town and Country_.

Canada: _Literature, English-Canadian_.

L. J. S. LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A. Assistant in the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the _Mineralogical Magazine_.

Cerargyrite; Cerussite; Chabazite; Chalybite.

L. S. SIR LESLIE STEPHEN, K.C.B., LITT.D. See the biographical article: STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE.

Carlyle.

L. V.* LUIGI VILLARI. Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper Correspondent in east of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New Orleans, 1906, Philadelphia, 1907, and Boston, U.S.A., 1907-1910. Author of _Italian Life in Town and Country_; &c.

Cantu; Cappello; Capponi, G. and P.; Caracciolo; Carbonari; Carmagnola; Carrara; Cavour.

M. Br. MARGARET BRYANT.

Chapman, George (_part_); Charlemagne: _Legends_.

M. G. MOSES GASTER, PH.D. (Leipzig). Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic Communities of England. Vice-President, Zionist Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and Byzantine Literature, 1886 and 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Vice-President Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of _History of Rumanian Popular Literature_; &c.

Cantacuzmo; Cantemir.

M. H. S. MARION H. SPIELMANN, F.S.A. Formerly Editor of the _Magazine of Art_. Member of Fine Art Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of _History of "Punch"_; _British Portrait Painting to the Opening of the 19th Century_; _Works of G. F. Watts, R.A._; _British Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day_; _Henriette Ronner_; &c.

Caricature; Cartoon.

M. J. de G. MICHAEL JAN DE GOEJE. See the biographical article: GOEJE, MICHAEL JAN DE.

Caliphate.

M. P. REV. MARK PATTISON. See the biographical article: PATTISON, MARK.

Casaubon, Isaac.

N. E. D. NARCISSE EUTROPE DIONNE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Canada). Librarian of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. Chief Editor of _Le Courrier du Canada_, 1880-1884. Chief Inspector of Federal Licences, 1884-1886. Chief Editor of _Le Journal de Quebec_, 1886. Author of _Life of Samuel Champlain, Founder of Quebec_; _Life of Jacques Cartier, discoverer of Canada_; _La Nouvelle France, 1540-1603_; _Quebec et Nouvelle France_; &c.

Champlain, Samuel de.

N. W. T. NORTHCOTE WHITBRIDGE THOMAS, M.A. Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of _Thought Transference_; _Kinship and Marriage in Australia_; &c.

Cannibalism.

O. Ba. OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A. Editor of _The Ancestor_, 1902-1905.

Cecil.

O. Br. OSCAR BRILIANT.

Carpathian Mountains (_in part_).

O. M. D. ORMONDE MADDOCK DALTON, M.A., F.S.A. Assistant Keeper, Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, British Museum. Corresponding Member of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society. Author of _Guide to the Early Christian and Byzantine Antiquities_; &c.

Catacomb (_in part_).

P. A. PAUL DANIEL ALPHANDERY. Professor of the History of Dogma, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Sorbonne, Paris. Author of _Les Idees morales chez les heterodoxes latines au debut du XIII^e siecle_.

Capistrano.

P. A. K. PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN. See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, P. A.

Caspian Sea (_in part_); Caucasus (_in part_).

P. C. Y. PHILIP CHESNEY YORKE, M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford.

Catherine of Aragon; Charles I.; Charles II.

P. La. PHILIP LAKE, M.A., F.G.S. Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of _Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites_. Translator and Editor of Kayser's _Comparative Geology_.

Carpathian Mountains (_in part_); Caucasus: _Geology_.

P. Vn. PERCIVAL SYLVANUS VIVIAN. Author of _Poems of Marriage_. Editor of the _Poetical Works of Thomas Campion_.

Campion, Thomas.

P. A. M. PERCY ALEXANDER MACMAHON, F.R.S., D.SC. Late Major R.A. Deputy Warden of the Standards. Board of Trade. Joint-General Secretary of the British Association. Formerly Professor of Physics, Ordnance College, and President of London Mathematical Society.

Cayley.

R. THE RT. HON. LORD RAYLEIGH. See the biographical article: RAYLEIGH, 3rd Baron.

Capillary Action (_in part_).

R. A.* ROBERT ANCHEL. Archivist to the Department de l'Eure.

Cambon, Pierre Joseph; Cathelineau.

R. Ad. ROBERT ADAMSON. See the biographical article: ADAMSON, R.

Category (_in part_).

R. A. S. M. ROBERT ALEXANDER STEWART MACALISTER, M.A., F.S.A. Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund.

Capernaum; Carmel.

R. G. RICHARD GARNETT. See the biographical article: GARNETT, RICHARD.

Cardan.

R. I. P. R. I. POCOCK, F.Z.S. Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London.

Centipede.

R. K. D. SIR ROBERT KENNAWAY DOUGLAS. Formerly Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British Museum, and Professor of Chinese, King's College, London. Author of _The Language and Literature of China_; &c.

Canton.

R. L.* RICHARD LYDEKKER, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author of _Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum_; _The Deer of all Lands_; _The Game Animals of Africa_; &c.

Camel; Capuchin Monkey; Carnivora; Cat; Cavy; Cetacea; Chamois.

R. L. H. ROBERT LOCKHART HOBSON. Assistant in the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, British Museum. Author of _Porcelain: Oriental, Continental and British_; _Marks on Pottery and Porcelain_ (with W. Burton); and _Catalogue and Guide of English Pottery and Porcelain in British Museum_.

Ceramics: _Medieval and Later Italian_; Persian, Syrian, Egyptian and Turkish.

R. N. B. ROBERT NISBET BAIN (d. 1909). Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of _Scandinavia, the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1313-1900_; _The First Romanovs, 1613-1725_; _Slavonic Europe, the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796_; &c.

Canute; Canute VI; Casimir III.; Casimir IV.; Catherine I.; Charles I. (_Hungary_); Charles IX., X., XI., XII. (_Sweden_); Charles XIII., XIV., XV. (_Sweden and Norway_).

R. Po. RENE POUPARDIN, D. es L. Secretary of the Ecole des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Author of _Le Royaume de Provence sous les Carolingiens_; _Recueil des chartes de Saint-Germain_; &c.

Charles the Bold.

R. P. S. R. PHENE SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. Master of the Architectural School and Surveyor, Royal Academy, London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King's College, London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Edited Fergusson's _History of Architecture_. Author of _Architecture East and West_; &c.

Campanile; Capital: _Arch._; Cathedral: _Arch._; Ceiling.

R. S. C. ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. (Cantab.). Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of _The Italic Dialects_.

Campania (_in part_).

R. W. ROBERT WALLACE, F.R.S. (Edin.), F.L.S. Professor of Agriculture and Rural Economy at Edinburgh University, and Garton Lecturer on Colonial and Indian Agriculture. Professor of Agriculture, R.A.C., Cirencester, 1882-1885. Author of _Farm Live Stock of Great Britain_; _Indian Agriculture_; _The Agriculture and Rural Economy of Australia and New Zealand_; _Farming Industries of Cape Colony_; &c.

Cattle (_in part_).

R. We. RICHARD WEBSTER, A.M. Editor of _Elegies of Maximianus_.

Channing, William E.

ST C. VISCOUNT ST CYRES. See the biographical article: IDDESLEIGH, 1ST EARL OF.

Casuistry.

S. D. SAMUEL DAVIDSON, D.D. See the biographical article: DAVIDSON, SAMUEL.

Canon: _Scriptures_.

T. As. THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT., F.S.A. Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome. Corresponding Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, Oxford, 1897. Author of _The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna_; &c.

Camerino; Campania (_in part_); Canosa; Canusium; Capena; Capri; Capua; Carales; Carsioli; Casilinum; Casinum; Cassia, Via; Catania; Caudine Forks; Cefalu; Centuripe; Cesena.

T. A. H. CAPTAIN THOMAS A. HULL, R.N. Formerly Superintendent of Admiralty Charts.

Chart.

T. Ba. SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, M.P. Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Problems of International Practice and Diplomacy_; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.

Capture.

T. F. C. THEODORE FREYLINGHUYSEN COLLIER, PH.D. Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., U.S.A.

Carthage, Synods of; Chalcedon, Council of.

T. K. C. REV. THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE. D.LITT., D.D. See the biographical article: CHEYNE, T.K.

Canaan, Canaanites.

T. M. F. THOMAS MACALL FALLOW, M.A., F.S.A. Formerly editor of _The Antiquary_, 1895-1899. Author of _Memorials of Old Yorkshire_; _The Cathedral Churches of Ireland_.

Cathedral.

T. W. F. THOMAS WILLIAM FOX. Professor of Textiles in the University of Manchester. Author of _Mechanics of Weaving_.

Carding.

W. A. B. C. REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of _Guide to Switzerland_; _The Alps in Nature and in History_; &c. Editor of _The Alpine Journal_, 1880-1889.

Cannes; Chamonix; Chartreuse, La Grande.

W. A. P. WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A. Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Author of _Modern Europe_; &c.

Canon: _Church Dignitary_; Capo d'Istria; Carlsbad Decrees; Chasuble.

W. B.* WILLIAM BURTON, HON. M.A. (Vict.), F.C.S. Chairman, Joint-Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great Britain. Examiner for Board of Education in Pottery Design and for Technological Examinations in Pottery Manufacture. Author of _English Stoneware and Earthenware_; _Porcelain_; &c.

Ceramics (_in part_).

W. B. D. WILLIAM BOYD DAWKINS, F.R.S., D.SC. See the biographical article: DAWKINS, WILLIAM BOYD.

Cave.

W. B. Du. WILLIAM BARTLETT DUFFIELD, M.A. Barrister at Law, Inner Temple. Secretary to the Royal Commission on Canals, 1906-1910.

Chartered Companies.

W. F. C. WILLIAM FEILDEN CRAIES, M.A. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law at King's College, London. Editor of _Archbold's Criminal Pleading_ (23rd edition).

Capital punishment.

W. F. W. WALTER FRANCIS WILLCOX, LL.B., PH.D. Dean of, and Professor of Political Economy and Statistics at, Cornell University. Formerly Chief Statistician and now Special Agent of the U.S. Census Bureau. Author of _The Divorce Problem--a Study in Statistics_; _Social Statistics of the United States_; &c.

Census: _U.S.A._

W. Fr. WILLIAM FREAM (d. 1907), LL.D., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.S.S. Author of _Handbook of Agriculture_. Formerly Agricultural Correspondent of _The Times_.

Cattle (_in part_).

W. G.* WALCOT GIBSON, D.SC., F.G.S. Geologist on H.M. Geological Survey. Author of _The Gold-bearing Rocks of the S. Transvaal_; _Mineral Wealth of Africa_; _The Geology of Coal and Coal Mining_; &c.

Cape Colony: _Geology._

W. G. F. P. SIR WALTER GEORGE FRANK PHILLIMORE, BART., D.C.L., LL.D. Judge of the King's Bench Division. President of International Law Association, 1905. Author of _Book of Church Law_. Editor of 2nd ed. of _Phillimore's Ecclesiastical Law_; 3rd ed. of vol. iv. of _Phillimore's International Law_; &c.

Canon Law: _Anglican._

W. G. M. WALTER G. M'MILLAN, F.C.S., M.I.M.E. (d. 1904). Formerly Secretary of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. Lecturer on Metallurgy, Mason College, Birmingham. Author of _A Treatise on Electro-Metallurgy_.

Carborundum.

W. Ha. REV. WILLIAM HANNA, LL.D., D.D. (1802-1882). Minister of St John's Free Church, Edinburgh, 1850-1866. Author of _Life of Dr Chalmers_; _Wycliffe and the Huguenots_; _Martyrs of the Scottish Reformation_.

Chalmers, Thomas (_in part_).

W. J. G. WILLIAM JOHN GRUFFYDD, M.A. Lecturer in Celtic, University College, Cardiff. Examiner in Welsh to the Central Welsh Board for Intermediate Education. Author of _Caneuon a Cherddi: An Anthology of Medieval Welsh Poetry_.

Celt: _Literature, Welsh._

W. L.* WALTER LEHMANN, M.D. Directorial Assistant of the Royal Ethnographical Museum, Munich. Conducted Exploring Expedition in Mexico and Central America, 1907-1909. Author of many publications on Mexican and Central American Archaeology.

Central America: _Archaeology._

W. L. A. REV. WILLIAM LINDSAY ALEXANDER, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Edin.) (1808-1884). Classical Tutor, Lancashire Independent College. Pastor of Independent Chapel, N. College Street, Edinburgh. One of the Old Testament Revisers. Author of _A Moral Philosophy_.

Calvin (_in part_).

W. L. G. WILLIAM LAWSON GRANT, M.A. Professor at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. Formerly Beit Lecturer in Colonial History at Oxford University. Editor of _Acts of the Privy Council_, Colonial series; _Canadian Constitutional Development_ (in collaboration).

Canada: _Statistics_; Cartier, Sir Georges Etienne.

W. M. R. WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI. See the biographical article: ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL.

Canova; Caracci; Cartoon; Cellini, Benvenuto (_in part_); Charlet.

W. Ri. WILLIAM RIDGEWAY, M.A., D.SC., LL.D. (Aberdeen), D.LITT. Fellow of the British Academy. Disney Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge University. Professor of Greek, Queen's College, Cork, 1883. Ex-President of Cambridge Philological, Antiquarian and Classical Societies. Author of _The Oldest Irish Epic_; _Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards_; _The Early Age of Greece_; &c.

Celt.

W. R. B. RT. REV. WILLIAM ROBERT BROWNLOW, M.A., D.D. (d. 1901). Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton. Provost and Domestic Prelate to Pope Leo XIII. Co-editor of _English Roma Sotterranea_. Author of _Early Christian Symbolism_; _Lectures on Sacerdotalism, on Catacombs and other Archaeological Subjects_. Translator of _Cur Deus Homo_ and _Vitis mystica_.

Catacomb (_in part_).

W. R. S. WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH See the biographical article: SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON.

Canticles (_in part_).

W. Wo. WILLIAM WOOD, D.C.L., F.R.S. (Canada). Lieut.-Col., Canadian Militia. Formerly President of the English Section of the Royal Society of Canada and of the Historic Landmarks Association. Author of _The Fight for Canada_; _The Logs of the Conquest of Canada_, &c.

Canada: _Literature, French-Canadian_.

W. W. R.* WILLIAM WALKER ROCKWELL, LIC. THEOL. Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York.

Celestine III. and V.

W. Y. S. WILLIAM YOUNG SELLAR. See the biographical article: SELLAR, WILLIAM YOUNG.

Catullus (_in part_).

FOOTNOTE:

[1] A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES

California. Carrier. Cambodia. Cartagena. Cambridge, Earls and Dukes of. Cassel. Cambridge, England. Cassiodorus. Cambridgeshire. Caste. Campbell, Thomas. Catherine, Saint. Canary Islands. Catherine II. Canning, George. Catherine de' Medici Canterbury. Catiline. Cape Town. Cato. Cape Verde Islands. Causation. Capital (_Economics_). Cavaignac, Louis Eugene. Capitulations. Cavan. Carbolic Acid. Cavendish, Henry. Carbon. Caxton, William. Cardiganshire. Cedar. Cards, Playing. Celebes. Carducci, Giosue. Celsus. Carinthia. Cemetery. Carlisle, Earls of. Chambers, Robert. Carlisle. Chancellor. Carlos. Chancery. Carlsbad. Channel Islands. Carlstadt. Chantrey, Sir Francis. Carmarthenshire. Charles V., VI., VII. of France. Carnarvonshire. Charles, Archduke of Austria. Carnegie, Andrew. Charles Albert, king of Sardinia. Carnot. Charles Augustus. Carol. Chartism. Caroline Islands. Chateaubriand.