VOLUME XII, SLICE I

Gichtel, Johann to Glory

ARTICLES IN THIS SLICE:

GICHTEL, JOHANN GEORG GIRART DE ROUSSILLON GIDDINGS, JOSHUA REED GIRAUD, GIOVANNI GIDEON GIRDLE GIEBEL, CHRISTOPH ANDREAS GIRGA GIEN GIRGENTI GIERS, NICHOLAS KARLOVICH DE GIRISHK GIESEBRECHT, WILHELM VON GIRNAR GIESELER, JOHANN KARL LUDWIG GIRODET DE ROUSSY, ANNE LOUIS GIESSEN GIRONDE GIFFARD, GODFREY GIRONDISTS GIFFARD, WALTER GIRTIN, THOMAS GIFFARD, WILLIAM GIRVAN GIFFEN, SIR ROBERT GIRY, ARTHUR GIFFORD, ROBERT SWAIN GISBORNE GIFFORD, SANDFORD ROBINSON GISLEBERT OF MONS GIFFORD, WILLIAM GISORS GIFT GISSING, GEORGE ROBERT GIFU GITSCHIN GIG GIUDICI, PAOLO EMILIANO GIGLIO GIULIO ROMANO GIJÓN GIUNTA PISANO GILAN GIURGEVO GILBART, JAMES WILLIAM GIUSTI, GIUSEPPE GILBERT, ALFRED GIUSTINIANI GILBERT, ANN GIUSTO DA GUANTO GILBERT, GROVE KARL GIVET GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY GIVORS GILBERT, JOHN GJALLAR GILBERT, SIR JOHN GLABRIO GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY GLACE BAY GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ROSANNA GLACIAL PERIOD GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT GLACIER GILBERT, WILLIAM GLACIS GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK GLADBACH GILBERT DE LA PORRÉE GLADDEN, WASHINGTON GILBERT OF SEMPRINGHAM, ST GLADIATORS GILBERT FOLIOT GLADIOLUS GILBERT ISLANDS GLADSHEIM GILBEY, SIR WALTER GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL GILDAS GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART GILDER, RICHARD WATSON GLADSTONE GILDERSLEEVE, BASIL LANNEAU GLAGOLITIC GILDING GLAIR GILDS GLAISHER, JAMES GILEAD GLAMIS GILES, ST GLAMORGANSHIRE GILFILLAN, GEORGE GLANDERS GILGAL GLANVILL, JOSEPH GILGAMESH, EPIC OF GLANVILL, RANULF DE GILGIT GLAPTHORNE, HENRY GILL, JOHN GLARUS (Swiss canton) GILL GLARUS (Swiss city) GILLES DE ROYE GLAS, GEORGE GILLES LI MUISIS GLAS, JOHN GILLESPIE, GEORGE GLASER, CHRISTOPHER GILLESPIE, THOMAS GLASGOW GILLIE GLASITES GILLIES, JOHN GLASS GILLINGHAM (town of Dorsetshire) GLASS, STAINED GILLINGHAM (borough of Kent) GLASSBRENNER, ADOLF GILLOT, CLAUDE GLASS CLOTH GILLOTT, JOSEPH GLASSIUS, SALOMO GILLOW, ROBERT GLASSWORT GILLRAY, JAMES GLASTONBURY GILLYFLOWER GLATIGNY, JOSEPH ALBERT ALEXANDRE GILMAN, DANIEL COIT GLATZ GILMORE, PATRICK SARSFIELD GLAUBER, JOHANN RUDOLF GILPIN, BERNARD GLAUBER'S SALT GILSONITE GLAUCHAU GILYAKS GLAUCONITE GIMBAL GLAUCOUS GIMLET GLAUCUS GIMLI GLAZING GIMP GLAZUNOV, ALEXANDER CONSTANTINOVICH GIN GLEBE GINDELY, ANTON GLEE GINGALL GLEICHEN GINGER GLEIG, GEORGE GINGHAM GLEIM, JOHANN WILHELM LUDWIG GINGI GLEIWITZ GINGUENÉ, PIERRE LOUIS GLENALMOND GINKEL, GODART VAN GLENCAIRN, EARLS OF GINSBURG, CHRISTIAN DAVID GLENCOE GINSENG GLENCORSE, JOHN INGLIS GIOBERTI, VINCENZO GLENDALOUGH, VALE OF GIOIOSA-IONICA GLENDOWER, OWEN GIOJA, MELCHIORRE GLENELG, CHARLES GRANT GIOLITTI, GIOVANNI GLENELG GIORDANO, LUCA GLENGARRIFF GIORGIONE GLEN GREY GIOTTINO GLENS FALLS GIOTTO GLENTILT GIPSIES GLEYRE, MARC CHARLES GABRIEL GIRAFFE GLIDDON, GEORGE ROBINS GIRALDI, GIGLIO GREGORIO GLINKA, FEDOR NIKOLAEVICH GIRALDI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA GLINKA, MICHAEL IVANOVICH GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS GLINKA, SERGY NIKOLAEVICH GIRANDOLE GLOBE-FISH GIRARD, JEAN BAPTISTE GLOBIGERINA GIRARD, PHILIPPE HENRI DE GLOCKENSPIEL GIRARD, STEPHEN GLOGAU GIRARDIN, DELPHINE DE GLORIOSA GIRARDIN, ÉMILE DE GLORY GIRARDON, FRANÇOIS

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XI. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS,[1] WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. A. R.* ARTHUR ALCOCK RAMBAUT, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., F.R.A.S.

Radcliffe Observer, Oxford. Professor of Astronomy in the University of Dublin and Royal Astronomer of Ireland, 1892-1897.

Grant, Robert.

A. C. Se. ALBERT CHARLES SEWARD, M.A., F.R.S.

Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge. Hon. Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. President of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, 1910.

Gymnosperms.

A. F. P. ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University of London. Assistant Editor of the _Dictionary of National Biography_, 1893-1901. Author of _England under the Protector Somerset_; _Life of Thomas Cranmer_; &c.

Grindal.

A. Go.* REV. ALEXANDER GORDON, M.A.

Lecturer on Church History in the University of Manchester.

Grynaeus, Simon; Haetzer,

A. G. B.* HON. ARCHIBALD GRAEME BELL, M.INST.CE.

Director of Public Works and Inspector of Mines, Trinidad. Member of Executive and Legislative Councils, Inst.C.E.

Guiana.

A. H.-S. SIR A. HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, C.I.E.

General in the Persian Army. Author of _Eastern Persian Irak_.

Giilan; Hamadan.

A. He. ARTHUR HERVEY.

Formerly Musical Critic to _Morning Post_ and _Vanity Fair_. Author of _Masters of French Music_; _French Music in the XIX. Century_.

Gounod.

A. H. S. REV. A. H. SAYCE, D.D.

See the biographical article, SAYCE, A. H.

Grammar; Gyges.

A. J. G. REV. ALEXANDER JAMES GRIEVE, M.A., B.D.

Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United Independent College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University and Member of Mysore Educational Service.

Haggai (_in part_).

A. J. H. ALFRED JAMES HIPKINS.

Formerly Member of Council and Hon. Curator of Royal College of Music. Member of Committee of the Inventions and Music Exhibition, 1885; of the Vienna Exhibition, 1892; and of the Paris Exhibition, 1900. Author of _Musical Instruments_; _A Description and History of the Pianoforte_; &c.

Harmonium (_in part_).

A. L. ANDREW LANG.

See the biographical article, LANG, ANDREW.

Gurney, Edmund.

A. M. C. AGNES MARY CLERKE.

See the biographical article, CLERKE, A. M.

Halley; Hansen.

A. N. ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S.

See the biographical article, NEWTON, ALFRED.

Goatsucker; Godwit; Golden-eye; Goldfinch; Goose; Gos-Hawk; Grackle; Grebe; Greenfinch; Greenshank; Grosbeak; Grouse; Guacharo; Guan; Guillemot; Guinea-Fowl; Gull; Hammer-Kop.

A. Ne. ALEXANDER NESBITT, F.S.A.

Author of the _Introduction_ to _A Descriptive Catalogue of the Glass Vessels in South Kensington Museum_.

Glass: _History of Manufacture (in part)_.

A. S. C. ALAN SUMMERLY COLE, C.B.

Assistant Secretary for Art, Board of Education, 1900-1908. Author of _Ancient Needle Point and Pillow Lace_; _Embroidery and Lace_; _Ornament in European Silks_; &c.

Gold and Silver Thread.

A. Sy. ARTHUR SYMONS.

See the biographical article, SYMONS, A.

Goncourt, De; Hardy, Thomas.

A. W. H.* ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900.

Godfrey of Viterbo; Golden Bull; Habsburg.

A. W. R. ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of _Encyclopaedia of the Laws of England_.

Ground Rent; Handwriting.

A. W. W. ADOLPHUS WILLIAM WARD, LL.D., LITT.D.

See the biographical article, WARD, A. W.

Greene, Robert.

C. F. A. CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON.

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Fusiliers). Author of _The Wilderness and Cold Harbour_.

Grand Alliance, War of the; Grant, Ulysses S. (_in part_); Great Rebellion.

C. Gr. CHARLES GROSS, A.M., PH.D., LL.D. (1857-1909).

Professor of History at Harvard University, 1888-1909. Author of _The Gild Merchant_; _Sources and Literature of English History_; &c.

Gilds.

C. H.* SIR C. HOLROYD.

See the biographical article; HOLROYD, SIR C.

Haden, Sir, F. C.

C. H. C. CHARLES H. COOTE.

Formerly of Map Department, British Museum.

Hakluyt (_in part_).

C. H. Ha. CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member of the American Historical Association.

Gregory: _Popes_, VIII. to XII.; Guibert.

C. J. L. SIR CHARLES JAMES LYALL, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., LL.D (Edin.)

Secretary, Judicial and Public Department, India Office. Fellow of King's College, London. Secretary to Government of India in Home Department, 1889-1894. Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, India, 1895-1898. Author of _Translations of Ancient Arabic Poetry_; &c.

Hamasa.

C. L.* CHARLES LAPWORTH, M.SC., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.

Professor of Geology and Physiography in the University of Birmingham. Editor of _Monograph on British Graptolites_, Palaeontographical Society, 1900-1908.

Graptolites.

C. L. K. CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S., F.S.A.

Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of _Life of Henry V._ Editor of _Chronicles of London_, and Stow's _Survey of London_.

Glendower, Owen; Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of; Hallam, Bishop; Hardyng, John.

C. M. CARL THEODOR MIRBT, D.TH.

Professor of Church History in the University of Marburg. Author of _Publizistik im Zeitalter Gregor VII._; _Quellen zur Geschichte des Papstthums_; &c.

Gregory VII.

C. Mi. CHEDOMILLE MIJATOVICH.

Senator of the Kingdom of Servia. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the King of Servia to the Court of St James', 1895-1900 and 1902-1903.

Gundulich.

C. M. W. SIR CHARLES MOORE WATSON, K.C.M.G., C.B.

Colonel, Royal Engineers. Deputy-Inspector-General of Fortifications, 1896-1902. Served under General Gordon in the Soudan, 1874-1875.

Gordon, General.

C. Pf. CHRISTIAN PFISTER, D.-ÈS-L.

Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Études sur le règne de Robert le Pieux_.

Gregory, St, of Tours; Gunther of Schwarzburg.

C. R. B. CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., F.R.HIST.S.

Professor of Modem History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of _Henry the Navigator_; _The Dawn of Modem Geography_; &c.

Gomez; Hakluyt (_in part_).

C. We. CECIL WEATHERLY.

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law.

Graffito.

C. W. E. CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT.

See the biographical article, ELIOT, C. W.

Gray, Asa.

D. C. To. REV. DUNCAN CROOKES TOVEY, M.A.

Editor of The Letters of Thomas Gray; &c.

Gray, Thomas.

D. F. T. DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

Author of _Essays in Musical Analysis_: comprising The Classical Concerto, The Goldberg Variations, and analysis of many other classical works.

Gluck; Handel.

D. G. H. DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.

Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907; Director, British School at Athens, 1897-1900; Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

Halicarnassus.

D. H. DAVID HANNAY.

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of _Short History of Royal Navy, 1217-1688_: _Life of Emilio Castelar_: &c.

Gondomar, Count; Grand Alliance, War of the: _Naval Operations_; Guichen; Hamilton, Emma.

D. Ll. T. DANIEL LLEUFER THOMAS.

Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Inn. Stipendiary Magistrate at Pontypridd and Rhondda.

Glamorganshire; Gower.

D. Mn. REV. DUGALD MACFADYEN, M.A.

Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Author of _Constructive Congregational Ideals_; &c.

Glas, John; Glasites.

D. M. W. SIR DONALD MACKENZIE WALLACE, K.C.I.E., K.C.V.O.

Extra Groom-in-Waiting to H.M. King George V. Director of the Foreign Department of _The Times_, 1891-1899. Member of Institut de Droit International and Officier de l'Instruction Publique of France. Joint-editor of new volumes (10th edition) of the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_. Author of _Russia_; _Egypt and the Egyptian Question_; _The Web of Empire_; &c.

Giers; Gorchakov.

E. A. F. EDWARD AUGUSTUS FREEMAN, LL.D.

See the biographical article, FREEMAN, E. A.

Goths (_in part_).

E. A. J. E. ALFRED JONES.

Author of _Old English Gold Plate_; _Old Church Plate of the Isle of Man_; _Old Silver Sacramental Vessels of Foreign Protestant Churches in England_; _Illustrated Catalogue of Leopold de Rothschild's Collection of Old Plate_; _A Private Catalogue of The Royal Plate at Windsor Castle_; &c.

Golden Rose (_in part_).

E. B.* ERNEST CHARLES FRANÇOIS BABELON.

Professor at the Collège de France. Keeper of the department of Medals and Antiquities at the Bibliothèque Nationale. Member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Descriptions historiques des monnaies de la république romaine_; _Traités des monnaies grecques et romaines_; _Catalogue des camées de la bibliothèque nationale_.

Hadrumetum.

E. Br. ERNEST BARKER, M.A.

Fellow and Lecturer in Modern History at St John's College, Oxford. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Merton College. Craven Scholar, 1895.

Godfrey of Bouillon.

E. C. B. RT. REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., M.A., D.LITT. (Dublin).

Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of "_The Lausaic History of Palladius_" in _Cambridge Texts and Studies_, vol. vi.

Gilbert of Sempringham, St; Grandmontines; Groot.

E. C. Sp. REV. EDWARD CLARKE SPICER, M.A.

New College, Oxford. Geographical Scholar, 1900.

Glacier.

E. F. G. EDWIN FRANCIS GAY, PH.D.

Professor of Economics and Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.

Hanseatic League.

E. F. S. D. LADY DILKE.

See the biographical article, DILKE, SIR C. W., Bart.

Greuze.

E. G. EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D.

See the biographical article, GOSSE, E.

Gnome.

E. H. P. EDWARD HENRY PALMER, M.A.

See the biographical article, PALMER, E. H.

Hafiz.

E. J. P. EDWARD JOHN PAYNE, M.A. (1844-1904).

Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Editor of the _Select Works of Burke_. Author of _History of European Colonies_; _History of the New World called America_; _The Colonies_, in the "British Citizen" Series; &c.

Grey, 2nd Earl.

Ed. M. EDUARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT. (Oxon), LL.D. (Chicago).

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of _Geschichte des Alterthums_; _Geschichte des alten Aegyptens_; _Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme_.

Gotarzes.

E. M. W. REV. EDWARD MEWBURN WALKER, M.A.

Fellow, Senior Tutor and Librarian of Queen's College, Oxford.

Greece: _History, Ancient, to 146 B.C._

E. O.* EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.SC.

Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of _A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students_.

Goitre; Haemorrhoids.

E. Pr. EDGAR PRESTAGE.

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society, &c. Editor of _Letters of a Portuguese Nun_; _Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea_; &c.

Goes, Damião De; Gonzaga.

E. R. LORD LOCHEE OF GOWRIE (Edmund Robertson), P.C., LL.D., K.C.

Civil Lord of the Admiralty, 1892-1895. Secretary to the Admiralty, 1905-1908. M.P. for Dundee, 1885-1908. Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.

Hallam, Henry.

E. S. G. EDWIN STEPHEN GOODRICH, M.A., F.R.S.

Fellow and Librarian of Merton College, Oxford. Aldrichian Demonstrator of Comparative Anatomy, University Museum, Oxford.

Haplodrili.

F. C. C. FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen).

Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of _The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle_; _Myth, Magic and Morals_; &c.

Gregory the Illuminator.

F. G. M. B. FREDERICK GEORGE MEESON BECK, M.A.

Fellow and Lecturer in Classics, Clare College, Cambridge.

Goths (_in part_).

F. G. S. F. G. STEPHENS.

Formerly Art Critic of the _Athenaeum_. Author of _Artists at Home_; _George Cruikshank_; _Memorials of W. Mulready_; _French and Flemish Pictures_; _Sir E. Landseer_; _T. C. Hook, R.A._; &c.

Gilbert, Sir John.

F. H. D. REV. FREDERICK HOMES DUDDEN, D.D.

Fellow, Tutor and Lecturer in Theology, Lincoln College, Oxford. Author of _Gregory the Great, his Place in History and Thought_; &c.

Gregory I.

F. H. H. FRANKLIN HENRY HOOPER.

Assistant Editor of the _Century Dictionary_.

Hancock, Winfield Scott.

F. J. H. FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, M.A., LL.D., F.S.A.

Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Fellow of Brasenose College. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Monographs on Roman History, especially Roman Britain; &c.

Graham's Dyke.

F. N. FRIDTJOF NANSEN.

See the biographical article, NANSEN, FRIDTJOF.

Greenland.

F. R. C. FRANK R. CANA.

Author of _South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union_.

Gold Coast.

F. S. P. FRANCIS SAMUEL PHILBRICK, A.M., PH.D.

Formerly Scholar and Resident Fellow of Harvard University. Member of American Historical Association.

Hamilton, Alexander.

F. W. R.* FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.

Gypsum; Haematite.

G. A. Gr. GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D., D.LITT. (DUBLIN).

Member of the Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey of India, 1898-1902. Gold Medallist, Royal Asiatic Society, 1909. Vice-President of the Royal Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of Calcutta University. Author of _The Languages of India_; &c.

Gujarati and Rajasthani.

G. C. M. GEORGE CAMPBELL MACAULAY, M.A.

Lecturer in English in the University of Cambridge. Formerly Professor of English Language and Literature in the University of Wales. Editor of the _Works_ of John Gower; &c.

Gower, John.

G. C. W. GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON, LITT.D.

Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Portrait Miniatures_; _Life of Richard Cosway, R.A._; _George Engleheart_; _Portrait Drawings_; &c. Editor of new edition of Bryan's _Dictionary of Painters and Engravers_.

Greco, El.

G. F. Z. GEORGE FREDERICK ZIMMER, A.M.INST.CE.

Author of _Mechanical Handling of Material_.

Granaries.

G. G. SIR ALFRED GEORGE GREENHILL, M.A., F.R.S.

Formerly Professor of Mathematics in the Ordnance College, Woolwich. Examiner in the University of Wales. Member of the Aeronautical Committee. Author of _Notes on Dynamics_; _Hydrostatics_; _Differential and Integral Calculus, with Applications_; &c.

Gyroscope and Gyrostat.

G. Sn. GRANT SHOWERMAN, A.M., PH.D.

Professor of Latin in the University of Wisconsin. Member of the Archaeological Institute of America. Member of American Philological Association. Author of _With the Professor_; _The Great Mother of the Gods_; &c.

Great Mother of the Gods.

G. S. C. SIR GEORGE SYDENHAM CLARKE, G.C.M.G., G.C.I.E., F.R.S.

Governor of Bombay. Author of _Imperial Defence_; _Russia's Great Sea Power_; _The Last Great Naval War_; &c.

Greco-Turkish War, 1897.

G. W. E. R. RT. HON. GEORGE WILLIAM ERSKINE RUSSELL, P.C., M.A., LL.D.

Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, 1894-1895; for India, 1892-1894. M.P. for Aylesbury, 1880-1885; for North Beds., 1892-1895. Author of _Life of W. E. Gladstone_; _Collections and Recollections_; &c.

Gladstone, W. E.

G. W. T. REV. GRIFFITHS WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

Hajji Khalifa; Hamadhani; Handani; Hammad ar-Rawiya; Hariri.

H. A. de C. HENRY ANSELM DE COLYAR, K.C.

Author of _The Law of Guarantees and of Principal and Surety_; &c.

Guarantee.

H. B. Wo. HORACE BOLINGBROKE WOODWARD, F.R.S., F.G.S.

Formerly Assistant Director of the Geological Survey of England and Wales. President, Geologists' Association, 1893-1894. Wollaston Medallist, 1908.

Haidinger, W. K.

H. Ch. HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A.

Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_; co-editor of the 10th edition.

Goschen, 1st Viscount; Granville, 2nd Earl; Hamilton, Alexander (_in part_); Harcourt, Sir William.

H. De. HIPPOLYTE DELEHAYE, S. J.

Assistant in the compilation of the Bollandist publications: _Analecta Bollandiana_ and _Acta sanctorum_.

Giles, St; Hagiology.

H. G. H. HORATIO GORDON HUTCHINSON.

Amateur Golf Champion, 1886-1887. Author of _Hints on Golf_; _Golf_ (Badminton Library); _Book of Golf and Golfers_; &c.

Golf.

H. J. P. HARRY JAMES POWELL, F.C.S.

Of Messrs James Powell & Sons, Whitefriars Glass Works, London. Member of Committee of six appointed by Board of Education to prepare the scheme for the rearrangement of the Art Collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Author of _Glass Making_; &c.

Glass.

H. Lb. HORACE LAMB, M.A., LL.D., D.SC, F.R.S.

Professor of Mathematics, University of Manchester. Formerly Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. Member of Council of Royal Society, 1894-1896. Royal Medallist, 1902. President of London Mathematical Society, 1902-1904. Author of _Hydrodynamics_; &c.

Harmonic Analysis.

H. L. H. HARRIET L. HENNESSY, L.R.C.S.I., L.R.C.P.I., M.D.(Brux.)

Gynaecology.

H. M. C. HECTOR MUNRO CHADWICK, M.A.

Librarian and Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. Author of _Studies on Anglo-Saxon Institutions_.

Goths: _Gothic Language_.

H. M. Wo. HAROLD MELLOR WOODCOCK, D.SC.

Assistant to the Professor of Proto-Zoology, London University. Fellow of University College, London. Author of _Haemoflagellates_ in Sir E. Ray Lankester's _Treatise of Zoology_, and of various scientific papers.

Gregarines; Haemosporidia.

H. R. HENRY REEVE, D.C.L.

See the biographical article, REEVE, HENRY.

Guizot (_in part_).

H. Sw. HENRY SWEET, M.A., PH.D., LL.D.

University Reader in Phonetics, Oxford. Member of the Academies of Munich, Berlin, Copenhagen and Helsingfors. Author of _A History of English Sounds since the Earliest Period_; _A Handbook of Phonetics_; &c.

Grimm, J. L. C.; Grimm, Wilhelm Carl.

H. S.-K. SIR HENRY SETON-KARR, C.M.G., M.A.

M.P. for St. Helen's, 1885-1906. Author of _My Sporting Holidays_; &c.

Gun.

H. W. C. D. HENRY WILLIAM CARLESS DAVIS, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1895-1902. Author of _England under the Normans and Angevins_; _Charlemagne_.

Gilbert, Foliot; Gloucester, Robert, Earl of; Grosseteste.

H. W. R.* REV. HENRY WHEELER ROBINSON, M.A.

Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior Kennicott Scholar, Oxford University, 1901. Author of _Hebrew Psychology in Relation to Pauline Anthropology_ (in _Mansfield College Essays_); &c.

Habakkuk.

I. A. ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A.

Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature, University of Cambridge. President, Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of _A Short History of Jewish Literature_; _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_.

Graetz; Habdala; Halakha; Halevi; Haptara; Harizi.

J. A. F. M. JOHN ALEXANDER FULLER MAITLAND, M.A., F.S.A.

Musical Critic of _The Times_. Author of _Life of Schumann_; _The Musician's Pilgrimage_; _Masters of German Music_; _English Music in the Nineteenth Century_; _The Age of Bach and Handel_. Editor of new edition of Grove's _Dictionary of Music_; &c.

Grove, Sir George.

J. A. H. JOHN ALLEN HOWE, B.SC.

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. Author of _The Geology of Building Stones_.

Glacial Period; Greensand.

J. A. S. JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS, LL.D.

See the biographical article, SYMONDS, J. A.

Guarini.

J. Bl. JAMES BLYTH, M.A., LL.D.

Formerly Professor of Natural Philosophy, Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. Editor of Ferguson's _Electricity_.

Graduation.

J. Bt. JAMES BARTLETT.

Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, &c., King's College, London. Member of Society of Architects, Institute of Junior Engineers, Quantity Surveyors' Association. Author of _Quantities_.

Glazing.

J. D. B. JAMES DAVID BOURCHIER, M.A., F.R.G.S.

King's College, Cambridge. Correspondent of _The Times_ in South-Eastern Europe. Commander of the Orders of Prince Danilo of Montenegro and of the Saviour of Greece, and Officer of the Order of St Alexander of Bulgaria.

Greece: _Geography and History: Modern_; Greek Literature: III. _Modern_.

J. E. S.* JOHN EDWIN SANDYS, M.A., LITT.D., LL.D.

Public Orator in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of _History of Classical Scholarship_; &c.

Greek Law.

J. Fi. JOHN FISKE.

See the biographical article, FISKE, J.

Grant, Ulysses S.

J. G. C. A. JOHN GEORGE CLARK ANDERSON, M.A.

Censor and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford. Formerly Fellow of Lincoln College. Craven Fellow (Oxford), 1896. Conington Prizeman, 1893.

Gordium.

J. G. R. JOHN GEORGE ROBERTSON, M.A., PH.D.

Professor of German Language and Literature, University of London. Author of _History of German Literature_; _Schiller after a Century_; &c. Editor of the _Modern Language Journal_.

Goethe; Grillparzer.

J. H. F. JOHN HENRY FREESE, M.A.

Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

Gracchus; Gratian; Hadrian (_in part_).

J. H. H. JOHN HENRY HESSELS, M.A.

Author of _Gutenberg: an Historical Investigation_.

Gloss; Gutenberg.

J. H. P. JOHN HENRY POYNTING, D.SC., F.R.S.

Professor of Physics and Dean of the Faculty of Science in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Joint-author of _Text-Book of Physics_.

Gravitation (_in part_).

J. Hl. R. JOHN HOLLAND ROSE, M.A., LITT.D.

Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. Author of _Life of Napoleon I._; _Napoleonic Studies_; _The Development of the European Nations_; _The Life of Pitt_; &c.

Gourgaud, Baron.

J. L. W. MISS JESSIE LAIDLAY WESTON.

Author of _Arthurian Romances unrepresented in Malory_.

Grail, The Holy; Guenevere.

J. M. M. JOHN MALCOLM MITCHELL.

Sometime Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote's _History of Greece_.

Grote; Hamilton, Sir William, Bart, (_in part_); Harem.

J. S. F. JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC., F.G.S.

Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society of London.

Glauconite; Gneiss; Granite; Granulite; Gravel; Greisen; Greywacke.

J. T. Be. JOHN T. BEALBY.

Joint author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly Editor of the _Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's _Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c.

Gobi.

J. T. S.* JAMES THOMSON SHOTWELL, PH.D.

Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City.

Golden Rose (_in part_); Goliad; Guizot (_in part_).

K. G. J. KINGSLEY GARLAND JAYNE.

Sometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford. Matthew Arnold Prizeman, 1903. Author of _Vasco da Gama and his Successors_.

Goa.

K. Kr. KARL KRUMBACHER.

See the biographical article, KRUMBACHER, CARL.

Greek Literature: II. _Byzantine_.

K. S. MISS KATHLEEN SCHLESINGER.

Editor of the _Portfolio of Musical Archaeology_. Author of _The Instruments of the Orchestra_; &c.

Glockenspiel; Gong; Guitar; Guitar Fiddle; Gusla; Harmonica; Harmonichord; Harmonium (_in part_).

L. D.* LOUIS DUCHESNE.

See the biographical article, DUCHESNE, L. M. O.

Gregory: _Popes_, II.-VI.

L. F. D. LEWIS FOREMAN DAY, F.S.A. (1845-1909).

Formerly Vice-President of the Society of Arts. Past Master of the Art Workers' Gild. Author of _Windows, a book about Stained Glass_; &c.

Glass, Stained.

L. F. V.-H. LEVESON FRANCIS VERNON-HARCOURT, M.A., M.INST.C.E. (1839-1907).

Formerly Professor of Civil Engineering at University College, London. Author of _Rivers and Canals_; _Harbours and Docks_; _Civil Engineering as applied in Construction_; &c.

Harbour.

L. J. S. LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A.

Assistant in the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the _Mineralogical Magazine_.

Goniometer; Göthite; Graphite (_in part_); Greenockite.

L. R. F. LEWIS RICHARD FARNELL, M.A., LITT.D.

Fellow and Senior Tutor of Exeter College, Oxford; University Lecturer in Classical Archaeology; Wilde Lecturer in Comparative Religion. Author of _Cults of the Greek States_; _Evolution of Religion_.

Greek Religion.

M. LORD MACAULAY.

See the biographical article, MACAULAY, T. B. M., BARON.

Goldsmith, Oliver.

M. G. MOSES GASTER, PH.D.

Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic Communities of England. Vice-President, Zionist Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and Byzantine Literature, 1886 and 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Vice-President, Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of _History of Rumanian Popular Literature_; &c.

Gipsies.

M. H. S. MARION H. SPIELMANN, F.S.A.

Formerly Editor of the Magazine of Art. Member of Fine Art Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of _History of "Punch"_; _British Portrait Painting to the opening of the Nineteenth Century_; _Works of G. F. Watts, R.A._; _British Sculpture and Sculptors of Today_; _Henriette Ronner_; &c.

Gilbert, Alfred; Greenaway, Kate.

M. Ja. MORRIS JASTROW, JUN., PH.D.

Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Author of _Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians_; &c.

Gilgamesh, Epic of; Gula.

M. M. MAX ARTHUR MACAULIFFE.

Formerly Divisional Judge in the Punjab. Author of _The Sikh Religion, its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors_; &c. Editor of _Life of Guru Nanak_, in the Punjabi language.

Granth.

M. N. T. MARCUS NIEBUHR TOD, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy. Joint-author of _Catalogue of the Sparta Museum_.

Gythium

M. O. B. C. MAXIMILIAN OTTO BISMARCK CASPARI, M.A.

Reader in Ancient History at London University. Lecturer in Greek at Birmingham University, 1905-1908.

Greece: _History: 146 B.C. 1800 A.D._; Hamilcar Barca; Hannibal.

M. P. MARK PATTISON.

See the biographical article, PATTISON, MARK.

Grotius.

M. P.* LEON JACQUES MAXIME PRINET.

Formerly Archivist to the French National Archives. Auxiliary of the Institute of France (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences).

Gouffier; Harcourt.

O. Ba. OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A.

Editor of _The Ancestor_, 1902-1905. Hon. Genealogist to Standing Council of the Honourable Society of the Baronetage.

Girdle.

P. A. PAUL DANIEL ALPHANDÉRY.

Professor of the History of Dogma, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne, Paris. Author of _Les Idées morales chez les hétérodoxes latines au début du XIII^e siècle_.

Gonzalo de Berceo.

P. A. A. PHILIP A. ASHWORTH, M.A., DOC. JURIS.

New College, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Translator of H. R. von Gneist's _History of the English Constitution_.

Gneist.

P. C. Y. PHILIP CHESNEY YORKE, M.A.

Magdalen College, Oxford.

Gunpowder Plot; Halifax, 1st Marquess of; Hamilton, 1st Duke of.

P. G. PERCY GARDNER, M.A.

See the biographical article, GARDNER, PERCY.

Greek Art.

P. Gi. PETER GILES, M.A., LL.D., LITT.D.

Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and University Reader in Comparative Philology. Formerly Secretary of the Cambridge Philological Society. Author of _Manual of Comparative Philology_.

Greek Language; H.

P. G. K. PAUL GEORGE KONODY.

Art Critic of the _Observer_ and the _Daily Mail_. Formerly Editor of _The Artist_. Author of _The Art of Walter Crane_; _Velasquez, Life and Work_; &c.

Hals, Frans.

P. G. T. PETER GUTHRIE TAIT, LL.D.

See the biographical article, TAIT, PETER GUTHRIE.

Hamilton, Sir William Rowan.

P. La. PHILIP LAKE, M.A., F.G.S.

Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of _Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites_. Translator and Editor of Kayser's _Comparative Geology_.

Greece: _Geology_.

P. McC. PRIMROSE MCCONNELL, F.G.S.

Member of the Royal Agricultural Society. Author of _Diary of a Working Farmer_; &c.

Grass and Grassland.

R. A. W. COLONEL ROBERT ALEXANDER WAHAB, C.B., C.M.G., C.I.E.

Formerly H. M. Commissioner, Aden Boundary Delimitation. Served with Tirah Expeditionary Force, 1897-1898, and on the Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission, Pamirs, 1895.

Hadramut.

R. A. S. M. ROBERT ALEXANDER STEWART MACALISTER, M.A., F.S.A.

St John's College, Cambridge. Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund.

Gilead; Gilgal; Goshen.

R. C. J. SIR RICHARD CLAVERHOUSE JEBB, L.L.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article, JEBB, SIR R. C.

Greek Literature: I. _Ancient_.

R. J. M. RONALD JOHN MCNEILL, M.A.

Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Formerly Editor of the _St James's Gazette_, London.

Gowrie, 3rd Earl of; Gratton, Henry; Green Ribbon Club; Gymnastics; Harcourt, 1st Viscount; Hardwicke, 1st Earl of.

R. L.* RICHARD LYDEKKER, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S.

Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author of _Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum_; _The Deer of all Lands_; _The Game Animals of Africa_; &c.

Giraffe; Glutton; Glyptodon; Goat; Gorilla; Hamster; Hare.

R. N. B. ROBERT NISBET BAIN (D. 1909).

Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of _Scandinavia, the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513-1900_; _The First Romanovs, 1613-1725_; _Slavonic Europe, the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1469_; &c.

Golitsuin, Boris, Dmitry, and Vasily; Golovin, Count; Golovkin, Count; Görtz, Baron von; Griffenfeldt, Count; Gustavus I., and IV.; Gyllenstjerna; Hall, C. C.

R. S. T. RALPH STOCKMAN TARR.

Professor of Physical Geography, Cornell University.

Grand Canyon.

R. We. RICHARD WEBSTER, A.M. (Princeton).

Formerly Fellow in Classics, Princeton University. Editor of _The Elegies of Maximianus_; &c.

Great Awakening.

S. A. C. STANLEY ARTHUR COOK, M.A.

Editor for Palestine Exploration Fund. Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Examiner in Hebrew and Aramaic, London University, 1904-1908. Author of _Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions_; _The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi_; _Critical Notes on Old Testament History_; _Religion of Ancient Palestine_; &c.

Gideon.

S. Bl. SIGFUS BLONDAL.

Librarian of the University of Copenhagen.

Hallgrimsson.

S. C. SIDNEY COLVIN, LL.D.

See the biographical article, COLVIN, SIDNEY.

Giorgione; Giotto.

St. C. VISCOUNT ST. CYRES.

See the biographical article, IDDESLEIGH, 1ST EARL OF.

Guyon, Madame.

S. N. SIMON NEWCOMB, LL.D., D.SC.

See the biographical article, NEWCOMB, SIMON.

Gravitation (_in part_).

T. As. THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT., F.S.A.

Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome. Corresponding Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, Oxford, 1897. Author of _The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna_; &c.

Girgenti; Gnatia; Grottaferrata; Grumentum; Gubbio; Hadria; Halaesa.

T. A. J. THOMAS ATHOL JOYCE, M.A.

Assistant in Department of Ethnography, British Museum. Hon. Sec., Royal Anthropological Institute.

Hamitic Races (I.).

T. Ba. SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, M.P.

Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Problems of International Practice and Diplomacy_; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.

Guerrilla.

T. E. H. THOMAS ERSKINE HOLLAND, K.C., D.C.L., LL.D.

Fellow of the British Academy. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Professor of International Law in the University of Oxford, 1874-1910. Bencher of Lincoln's Inn. Author of _Studies in International Law_; _The Elements of Jurisprudence_; _Alberici Gentilis de jure belli_; _The Laws of War on Land_; _Neutral Duties in a Maritime War_; &c.

Hall, William E.

T. F. C. THEODORE FREYLINGHUYSEN COLLIER, PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., U.S.A.

Gregory: _Popes_, XIII--XV.

T. H. H.* SIR THOMAS HUNGERFORD HOLDICH, K.C.M.G., K.C.I.E., D.SC., F.R.G.S.

Colonel in the Royal Engineers. Superintendent Frontier Surveys, India, 1892-1898. Gold Medallist, R.G.S. (London), 1887. H.M. Commissioner for the Persa-Beluch Boundary, 1896. Author of _The Indian Borderland_; _The Gates of India_; &c.

Gilgit; Hari-Rud.

T. K. THOMAS KIRKUP, M.A., LL.D.

Author of _An Inquiry into Socialism_; _Primer of Socialism_; &c.

Hadrian (_in part_).

T. Se. THOMAS SECCOMBE, M.A.

Lecturer in History, East London and Birkbeck Colleges, University of London. Stanhope Prizeman, Oxford, 1887. Formerly Assistant Editor of _Dictionary of National Biography_, 1891-1901. Author of _The Age of Johnson_; &c.; Joint-author of _The Bookman History of English Literature_.

Gilbert, Sir W. S.

V. H. S. REV. VINCENT HENRY STANTON, M.A., D.D.

Ely Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge. Canon of Ely and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Author of _The Gospels as Historical Documents_; _The Jewish and the Christian Messiahs_; &c.

Gospel.

W. A. B. C. REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S., PH.D. (Bern).

Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of _Guide du Haut Dauphiné_; _The Range of the Tödi_; _Guide to Grindelwald_; _Guide to Switzerland_; _The Alps in Nature and in History_; &c. Editor of _The Alpine Journal_, 1880-1889; &c.

Glarus; Goldast Ab Haiminsfeld; Grasse; Grenoble; Grindelwald; Grisons; Gruner. G. S.; Gruyère.

W. A. P. WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A.

Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Author of _Modern Europe_; &c.

Girondists; Goethe: _Descendants of_; Greek Independence, War of.

W. Bo. WILHELM BOUSSET, D.TH.

Professor of New Testament Exegesis in the University of Göttingen. Author of _Das Wesen der Religion_; _The Antichrist Legend_; &c.

Gnosticism.

W. Bu. WILLIAM BURNSIDE, M.A., D.SC., LL.D., F.R.S.

Professor of Mathematics, Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Hon. Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Author of _The Theory of Groups of Finite Order_.

Groups, Theory of.

W. F. C. WILLIAM FELLDEN CRAIES, M.A.

Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law, King's College, London. Author of _Craies on Statute Law_. Editor of Archbold's _Criminal Pleading_ (23rd edition).

Habeas Corpus; Hanging.

W. G. M. WALTER GEORGE MCMILLAN, F.C.S., M.I.M.E. (d. 1904).

Formerly Secretary of the Institute of Electrical Engineers and Lecturer on Metallurgy, Mason College, Birmingham. Author of _A Treatise on Electro-Metallurgy_.

Graphite (_in part_).

W. Hu. REV. WILLIAM HUNT, M.A., LITT.D.

President of Royal Historical Society, 1905-1909. Author of _History of English Church, 597-1906_; _The Church of England in the Middle Ages_; _Political History of England 1760-1801_.

Green, J. R.

W. H. Be. WILLIAM HENRY BENNETT, M.A., D.D., D.LITT. (Cantab.).

Professor of Old Testament Exegesis in New and Hackney Colleges, London. Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. Lecturer in Hebrew at Firth College, Sheffield. Author of _Religion of the Post-Exilic Prophets_; &c.

Gomer; Ham.

W. H. F.* WILLIAM HENRY FAIRBROTHER, M.A.

Formerly Fellow and Lecturer, Lincoln College, Oxford. Author of _Philosophy of Thomas Hill Green_.

Green, Thomas Hill.

W. J. F. WILLIAM JUSTICE FORD (d. 1904).

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Cambridge. Headmaster of Leamington College.

Grace, W. G.

W. McD. WILLIAM MCDOUGALL, M.A.

Reader in Mental Philosophy in the University of Oxford. Author of _A Primer of Physiological Psychology_; _An Introduction to Social Psychology_; &c.

Hallucination.

W. M. M. W. MAX MÜLLER, PH.D.

Professor of Exegesis in the R.E. Seminary, Philadelphia. Author of _Asien und Europa nach den Aegyptischen Denkmälern_; &c.

Hamitic Races: II. _Languages_.

W. M. R. WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI.

See the biographical article, ROSSETTI, DANTE G.

Giulio Romano; Gozzoli; Guido Reni.

W. P. A LIEUT.-COLONEL WILLIAM PATRICK ANDERSON, M.INST.C.E., F.R.G.S.

Chief Engineer, Department of Marine and Fisheries of Canada. Member of the Geographic Board of Canada. Past President of Canadian Society of Civil Engineers.

Great Lakes.

W. P. R. HON. WILLIAM PEMBER REEVES.

Director of London School of Economics. Agent-General and High Commissioner for New Zealand, 1896-1909. Minister of Education, Labour and Justice, New Zealand, 1891-1896. Author of _The Long White Cloud: a History of New Zealand_; &c.

Grey, Sir George.

W. R. WHITELAW REID, LL.D.

See the biographical article, REID, WHITELAW.

Greeley, Horace.

W. Ri. WILLIAM RIDGEWAY, M.A., D.SC.

Professor of Archaeology, Cambridge University, and Brereton Reader in Classics. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. President of Royal Anthropological Institute, 1908. President of Anthropological Section, British Association, 1908. Author of _The Early Age of Greece_; &c.

Hallstatt.

W. Rn. W. ROSENHAIN, D.SC.

Superintendent of the Metallurgical Department, National Physical Laboratory.

Glass (_in part_).

W. R. D. WYNDHAM ROWLAND DUNSTAN, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.C.S.

Director of the Imperial Institute. President of the International Association of Tropical Agriculture. Member of the Advisory Committee for Tropical Agriculture, Colonial Office.

Gutta-Percha.

W. R. E. H. WILLIAM RICHARD EATON HODGKINSON, PH.D., F.R.S. (EDIN.), F.C.S.

Professor of Chemistry and Physics, Ordnance College, Woolwich. Formerly Professor of Chemistry and Physics, R.M.A., Woolwich. Part-author of Valentin-Hodgkinson's _Practical Chemistry_; &c.

Gun Cotton; Gunpowder.

W. R. S. WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH, LL.D.

See the biographical article, SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON.

Haggai (_in part_).

W. R. S. R. WILLIAM RALSTON SHEDDEN-RALSTON, M.A.

Assistant in the Department of Printed Books, British Museum. Author of _Russian Folk Tales_; &c.

Gogol.

W. W. R.* WILLIAM WALKER ROCKWELL, LIC.THEOL.

Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York.

Gregory XVI.

PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES

Gilding. Gotland. Guillotine. Ginger. Gourd. Guise, House of. Gironde. Government. Gum. Gladiators. Grain Trade. Gwalior. Glasgow. Granada. Haddingtonshire. Glastonbury. Grasses. Hair. Gloucestershire. Great Salt Lake. Haiti. Glove. Griqualand East and West. Halo. Glucose. Guanches. Hamburg. Glue. Guards. Hamlet. Glycerin. Guatemala. Hampshire. Goat. Guelphs and Ghibellines. Hampton Roads. Gold. Guiacum. Hanover. Goldbeating.

FOOTNOTE:

[1] A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

ELEVENTH EDITION