PART I. OF MINERALS.

SECTION I. Operations performed on Saline Mineral Substances.

CHAP. I. _Of the Vitriolic Acid._

1. PROCESS. To extract Vitriol from the Pyrites 159

2. To extract Sulphur from the Pyrites, and other Sulphureous Minerals 162

3. To extract Alum from aluminous Minerals 165

4. To extract the Vitriolic Acid from Copperas or Green Vitriol 170

5. To decompose Sulphur, and extract its Acid, by burning it 174

6. To concentrate the Vitriolic Acid 176

7. To decompound Vitriolated Tartar by means of the Phlogiston; or to compose Sulphur by combining the Vitriolic Acid with the Phlogiston 179

CHAP. II. _Of the Nitrous Acid._

1. PROCESS. To Extract Nitre out of Nitrous Earths and Stones. The Purification of Salt-Petre. Mother of Nitre. Magnesia 181

2. To decompose Nitre by means of the Phlogiston. Nitre fixed by Charcoal. _Clyssus_ of Nitre. _Sal Polychrestum_ 186

3. To decompose Nitre by means of the Vitriolic Acid. The Smoking Spirit of Nitre. _Sal de duobus._ The Purification of Spirit of Nitre 191

CHAP. III. _Of the Marine Acid._

1. PROCESS. To extract Sea-salt from Sea-water, and from Brine-springs. Epsom Salt 195

2. Experiments concerning the Decomposition of Sea-salt by means of the Phlogiston. Kunckel's Phosphorus 197

3. To decompose Sea-salt by means of the Vitriolic Acid. Glauber's Salt. The Purification and Concentration of Spirit of Salt 211

4. To decompose Sea-salt by means of the Nitrous Acid. _Aqua regis._ Quadrangular Nitre 217

CHAP. IV. _Of Borax._ 218

SECTION II.

Of Operations on Minerals.

CHAP. I. _Of Gold._

1. PROCESS. To separate Gold, by Amalgamation with Mercury, from the Earths and Stones with which it is found mixed 223

2. To dissolve Gold in _Aqua Regis_, and by that means separate it from Silver. _Aurum Fulminans._ _Aurum Fulminans_ reduced 227

3. To dissolve Gold by Liver of Sulphur 232

4. To separate Gold from all other Metalline substances by means of Antimony 233

CHAP. II. _Of Silver._

1. PROCESS. To separate Silver from its Ore, by means of Scorification with Lead 238

2. The refining of Silver by the Cupel 243

3. To purify Silver by Nitre 248

4. To dissolve Silver in _Aqua Fortis_, and thereby separate it from every other Metalline substance. The Purification of _Aqua Fortis_. Silver precipitated by Copper 250

5. To separate Silver from the Nitrous Acid by Distillation. Crystals of Silver. The Infernal Stone 254

6. To separate Silver from the Nitrous Acid by Precipitation. _Luna Cornea._ _Luna Cornea_ reduced 256

7. To dissolve Silver, and separate it from Gold, by Cementation 258

CHAP. III. _Of Copper._

1. PROCESS. To separate Copper from its Ore 262

2. To purify Black Copper, and render it malleable 264

3. To deprive Copper of its Phlogiston by Calcination 266

4. To resuscitate the Calx of Copper, and reduce it to Metal, by restoring its Phlogiston 267

5. To dissolve Copper in the Mineral Acids 268

CHAP. IV. _Of Iron._

1. PROCESS. To separate Iron from its Ore 270

2. To render Pig-iron and brittle Iron malleable 273

3. To convert Iron into Steel 274

4. The Calcination of Iron. Sundry Saffrons of Mars 276

5. Iron dissolved by the mineral Acids 277

CHAP V. _Of Tin._

1. PROCESS. To extract Tin from its Ore 279

2. The Calcination of Tin 280

3. The Dissolution of Tin by Acids 284

CHAP. VI. _Of Lead._

1. PROCESS. To extract Lead from its Ore 286

2. To separate Lead from Copper 289

3. The Calcination of Lead 292

4. To prepare Glass of Lead 293

5. Lead dissolved by the Nitrous Acid 295

CHAP. VII. _Of Mercury._

1. PROCESS. To extract Mercury from its Ore, or to revivify it from Cinabar 298

2. To give Mercury, by the action of Fire, the appearance of a Metalline Calx 301

3. To dissolve Mercury in the Vitriolic Acid. Turbith Mineral 302

4. To combine Mercury with Sulphur. Æthiop's Mineral 304

5. To sublime the Combination of Mercury and Sulphur into Cinabar 306

6. To dissolve Mercury in the Nitrous Acid. Sundry Mercurial Precipitates 307

7. To combine Mercury with the Acid of Sea-salt. Corrosive Sublimate 308

8. Sweet Sublimate 312

9. The Panacea of Mercury 314

SECTION III.

Of Operations on the Semi-Metals.

CHAP. I. _Of Antimony._

1. PROCESS. To separate Antimony from its Ore 315

2. The common Regulus of Antimony 316

3. Regulus of Antimony precipitated by Metals 318

4. The Calcination of Antimony 321

5. Calx of Antimony reduced to a Regulus 323

6. Antimony calcined with Nitre. Liver of Antimony. _Crocus Metallorum_ 325

7. Another Calcination of Antimony with Nitre. Diaphoretic Antimony. _Materia Perlata_. _Clyssus_ of Antimony 326

8. Calx of Antimony vitrified 330

9. Kermes Mineral 331

10. Regulus of Antimony dissolved in the Mineral Acids 335

11. Regulus of Antimony combined with the Acid of Sea-salt Butter of Antimony. Cinabar of Antimony 338

12. Butter of Antimony decompounded by means of Water only. _Pulvis Algaroth_, or _Mercurius Vitæ_. The Philosophic Spirit of Vitriol 342

13. Bezoar Mineral. The Bezoartic Spirit of Nitre 343

14. Flowers of Antimony 347

15. Regulus of Antimony converted into Flowers 348

CHAP. II. _Of Bismuth._

1. PROCESS. To extract Bismuth from its Ore 350

2. Bismuth dissolved by Acids. Magistery of Bismuth. Sympathetic Ink 352

CHAP. III. _Of Zinc._

1. PROCESS. To extract Zinc from its Ore, or Calamine 357

2. To sublime Zinc into Flowers 359

3. To combine Zinc with Copper. Brass. Prince's Metal, &c. 361

4. Zinc dissolved in the Mineral Acids 365

CHAP. IV. _Of Arsenic._

1. PROCESS. To extract Arsenic from its matrix. Zafre or Smalt 367

2. To separate Arsenic from Sulphur 371

3. To give Arsenic the Metalline Form. Regulus of Arsenic 374

4. To distil the Nitrous Acid by the interposition of Arsenic. Blue _Aqua Fortis_. A new Neutral Salt of Arsenic 377

5. To alkalizate Nitre by Arsenic 379