Elements Of Structural And Systematic Botany For High Schools A

In the more exact investigations of the tissues, it is often necessary to have recourse to other reagents than those we have used hitherto, in order to bring out plainly the mor...

Nearly all of the dicotyledons may be placed in one of two great divisions distinguished by the character of the petals. In the first group, called _Choripetalæ_, the petals are...

If we compare the structure of the sporogonium of a moss or liverwort with the plant bearing the sexual organs, we find that its tissues are better differentiated, and that it i...

The last and highest great division of the vegetable kingdom has been named _Spermaphyta_, "seed plants," from the fact that the structures known as seeds are peculiar to them....

The Bryophytes, or mosses, are for the most part land plants, though a few are aquatic, and with very few exceptions are richly supplied with chlorophyll. They are for the most...

The great majority of the plants ordinarily known as _fungi_ are embraced under this head. While some of the lower forms show affinities with the _Phycomycetes_, and through the...

For the sake of convenience it is desirable to collect into groups such plants as are evidently related; but as our knowledge of many forms is still very imperfect, any classifi...

The second sub-class of the angiosperms, the dicotyledons, receive their name from the two opposite seed leaves or cotyledons with which the young plant is furnished. These leav...

The _Conjugatæ_, while in some respects approaching the _Confervaceæ_ in structure, yet differ from them to such an extent in some respects that their close relationship is doub...

In the following chapter no attempt will be made to give an exhaustive account of the characteristics of each division of the monocotyledons, but only such of the most important...

The angiosperms include an enormous assemblage of plants, all those ordinarily called "flowering plants" belonging here. There is almost infinite variety shown in the form and s...

The ferns constitute by far the greater number of pteridophytes, and their general structure corresponds with that of the maiden-hair fern described. There are three orders, of...

The name "Fungi" has been given to a vast assemblage of plants, varying much among themselves, but on the whole of about the same structural rank as the algæ. Unlike the algæ, h...

The _Basidiomycetes_ include the largest and most highly developed of the fungi, among which are many familiar forms, such as the mushrooms, toadstools, puff-balls, etc. Besides...

In the second sub-kingdom of plants is embraced an enormous assemblage of plants, differing widely in size and complexity, and yet showing a sufficiently complete gradation from...

The _Sympetalæ_ or _Gamopetalæ_ are at once distinguished from the _Choripetalæ_ by having the petals more or less united, so that the corolla is to some extent tubular. In the...

These plants are all characterized by the presence of a brown pigment, in addition to the chlorophyll, which almost entirely conceals the latter, giving the plants a brownish co...

If we compare the flowers of different plants, we shall find almost infinite variety in structure, and this variation at first appears to follow no fixed laws; but as we study t...

Of the innumerable combinations of these elements, two general classes may be recognized, organic and inorganic bodies. While it is impossible, owing to the dependence of all or...

These are among the most beautiful and interesting members of the plant kingdom, both on account of their beautiful colors and the exquisitely graceful forms exhibited by many o...

If we make a thin slice across the stem of a rapidly growing plant,--_e.g._ geranium, begonia, celery,--mount it in water, and examine it microscopically, it will be found to be...