Elements of arithmetic

SECTION PAGE I. Numeration 1 II. Addition and Subtraction 14 III. Multiplication 24 IV. Division 34 V. Fractions 51 VI. Decimal Fractions 65 VII. Square Root 89 VIII. Proportion...

APPENDIX. I. On the mode of computing 161 II. On verification by casting out nines and elevens 166 III. On scales of notation 168 IV. On the definition of fractions 171 V. On ch...

1. Imagine a multitude of objects of the same kind assembled together; for example, a company of horsemen. One of the first things that must strike a spectator, although unused...

212. In making the calculations which are necessary in commercial affairs, no more processes are required than those which have been explained in the preceding book. But there i...

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