Egyptian Art: Studies

Part 16

Chapter 163,934 wordsPublic domain

[13] See good examples in Mariette, “Karnak,” Pl. VIII.

[14] This is no longer true since the discovery of the _favissa_ at Karnak. The Cairo Museum possesses some hundreds of statues of private individuals from the Theban temple of Amon (1912).

[15] Mariette, “Sur les tombes de l’Ancien Empire qu’on trouve à Saqqarah,” 1912, pp. 8–9.

[16] On this theory see Lepage-Renouf, “On the True Sense of an important Egyptian Word,” in the _Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archæology_, vol. iv., pp. 494–508, and Maspero, “Mémoires du Congrès des Orientalistes de Lyon,” vol. i., and _Bulletin de l’Association scientifique de France_ (1878), No. 594, pp. 373–84.

[17] One of the Egyptian festivals of the dead.

[18] For complete translation of the contract see the _Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archæology_, vol. vii., pp. 1–9.

[19] The Skhemka group was catalogued for the first time by E. de Rougé, “Notice sommaire des Monuments égyptiens,” 1855, pp. 50–51, under the number S. 102. The other two statues of the same person possessed by the Museum are both entered under the number S.103. One is in granite, the other in painted limestone.

[20] There are exceptions only in the middle of the XVIIIth Dynasty, when men and women, and especially women, are painted light pink or flesh colour.

[21] The pretty painted bas-relief of the tomb of Seti I in the Louvre (E. de Rougé, “Notice des principaux monuments,” p. 35, B. 7) shows in large the arrangement of the glass beads on the stuff.

[22] Cf., _e.g._, Lepsius, “Denkmäler,” ii., 47_b_, 74_e_, where the woman crouching in front of her husband puts her arm round his leg.

[23] Here are some references to plates in Lepsius where the husband and wife are represented side by side in different positions. The woman of low stature crouches behind her seated husband (“Denkmäler,” ii., 71_b_); the wife and husband, both of heroic stature, are seated on the same armchair, and the wife puts her right arm round her husband’s neck (“Denkmäler,” ii., 10_b_, 24, 25_b_, 41_b_, 42_a_-_b_, 75_a_, etc.); the wife of low stature stands in front of her husband, who is of heroic stature (“Denkmäler,” ii., 38_b_); she stands behind him and puts her arm round his left arm (“Denkmäler,” ii., 27, 33_a_), or she puts her arm round his waist (“Denkmäler,” ii., 38_a_); and lastly, the husband and wife, of the same stature, are standing, the wife behind her husband and putting her arm round his neck (“Denkmäler,” ii., 13, 20–1, 29_b_, 32, 34_b_, 40_b_, 43_b_, 46, 58_a_, 59_b_), or separated from him (“Denkmäler,” ii., 73, etc.).

[24] Thus in Lepsius (“Denkmäler,” ii., 74_e_), where the noble Senotmhît, surnamed Mihi, is seated, of heroic stature, while his wife, Khontkaous, is represented crouching and of low stature, although she is a legitimate daughter of the king. In another part of the tomb (Lepsius, “Denkmäler,” ii., 73) the same persons are represented standing side by side and of heroic stature, while their children are of ordinary stature.

[25] See the preceding chapter, pp. 55–59.

[26] See Chapter III, p. 51.

[27] We know now (1912) that the figures described by Mariette as mourners are cooks, who held the spit in one hand and with the other protected their faces from the heat of the brazier where the chickens were roasting.

[28] In examining the eye of the Cheîkh-el-Beled closely, I found that there was no silver nail in it, but that the luminous spangle was produced by a scrap of polished ebony placed under the crystal; it should be the same with the eyes of the Crouching Scribe.

[29] Cf. pp. 55–59.

[30] This article was published in two slightly different forms in the _Gazette des Beaux-Arts_, 3rd period, 1893, vol. ix., pp. 265–70, and in the _Monuments Piot_, 1894, vol. i., pp. 1–6: I have combined them for this volume.

[31] The statue is described in the “Visitor’s Guide to the Cairo Museum,” 2nd edition, 1912, p. 58, No. 142.

[32] Maspero, “Visitor’s Guide,” 2nd edition, 1912, pp. 57–8, No. 141.

[33] Cf. p. 61.

[34] Cf. what has already been said regarding statues of private individuals erected by the favour of the Pharaoh, p. 40.

[35] Maspero, “Visitor’s Guide to the Boulaq Museum,” p. 28, and now “Visitor’s Guide to the Cairo Museum,” 2nd edition, 1912, p. 73, No. 227.

[36] The expression is borrowed from a letter of the _Papyrus Anastasis_, No. 3. Its position in the Egyptian context leads me to believe that it was an often-quoted proverb. The idea is repeated in different forms in the scribes’ correspondence: “Work, or you will be beaten.” “When the scribe reaches the age of manhood, his back is broken by the blows he has received.”

[37] Mariette, “Notice des principaux monuments du Musée de Boulaq,” 6th edition, 1876, p. 235, No. 769: “Memphis. Saqqarah--limestone II, 1 foot 2 inches--kneeling figure. His hands crossed on his legs. His eyes are of mosaic work and formed of several stones curiously combined.” The statue of the kneeling scribe figures in a group in Plate XX of Mariette’s work, “Album du Musée de Boulaq,” containing 40 plates, photographed by MM. Délié and Béchard, with explanatory text edited by Auguste Mariette-Bey. Cairo, Mourès et Cie, 1871, fol.

[38] Mariette, “Notice des principaux monuments du Musée de Boulaq,” 6th edition, 1876, p. 216, No. 582. The Boulaq Museum possesses a second statue of the same person (_ibid._, p. 93, No. 28), but of a less fine execution than the statue No. 582. Cf. what is said of the two statues on pp. 70–73 of this volume.

[39] Mariette, “Notice,” p. 217: “The sum of the qualities, and study of the inscriptions on the base of the monument, leave no doubt as to the epoch to which it belongs. Rânofir evidently lived under the Ancient Empire. His titles bring him near the Vth Dynasty.” The study of the inscriptions leads me to be more certain than Mariette was. Rânofir undoubtedly lived at the end of the Vth Dynasty.

[40] See pp. 60–65.

[41] He is a cook, as I mentioned on p. 61, note 27.

[42] See p. 51.

[43] See p. 61.

[44] See the curious study of Dr. Parrot, “Sur l’origine d’une des formes du dieu Phtah,” in the “Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l’archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes,” vol. ii., pp. 129–33.

[45] Published in the _Revue de l’Art ancien et moderne_, 1906, vol. xx., pp. 247–52, 337–48.

[46] See pp. 50–51.

[47] See, _e.g._, the stelæ described or referred to in Maspero, “Guide to the Cairo Museum,” 1903, pp. 73–5, 94–5, 96, etc.

[48] Already published in the _Musée Egyptien_, vol. ii., Pl. IX-X, pp. 25–30.

[49] The head was reproduced by Rougé-Banville, “Album photographique,” Nos. 111–12; cf. Mariette, “Monuments divers,” Pl. XXI, _a_, _b_, _c_, and p. 299; the whole is reproduced in the _Musée Egyptien_, vol. ii., Pl. XIII, and pp. 34–5.

[50] See article on this group by Legrain in the _Musée Egyptien_, vol. ii., pp. 1–14 and Pl. I-IV.

[51] The head of the Pharaoh, which was stolen at the moment of discovery, has been found since this article appeared, and purchased by the Cairo Museum, 1912.

[52] Published in the _Revue de l’Art ancien et moderne_, 1907, vol. xxii., pp. 5–18.

[53] She is noted in the “Livre d’entrée” under No. 38575 and the chapel under No. 38576.

[54] Naville, “Das Thebanische Todtenbuch,” vol. i., Pl. CCXXII.

[55] It comes from Tell Tmai, and is entered in the “Livre d’entrée” under No. 38930, and in the “Guide to the Museum,” 3rd English edition, under No. 461, p. 164.

[56] No. 38932 in the “Livre d’entrée”; cf. “Notice des principaux monuments du Musée de Gizeh,” 1893, p. 86, and No. 683 of Borchardt’s unpublished catalogue. The monument comes from Saqqarah.

[57] “Guide to the Cairo Museum,” 3rd edition, pp. 331–33, No. 1020; “Livre d’entrée,” No. 38927.

[58] “Guide to the Cairo Museum,” 3rd edition, p. 330, Nos. 1018, 1019; “Livre d’entrée,” Nos. 38928, 38929.

[59] See the _Revue_, 1906, vol. xx., pp. 241–52, and pp. 337–46; and pp. 90–105 of the present volume.

[60] It was catalogued by Champollion in his “Notice descriptive des monuments égyptiens du Musée Charles X,” Paris, 1827, p. 55, No. 11.

[61] Published in the _Revue de l’Art ancien et moderne_, 1910, vol. xxviii., pp. 241–52.

[62] See pp. 120–125.

[63] Mariette, “Notice des principaux monuments du Musée de Boulaq,” 6th edition, 1876, p. 300, No. 100 C.

[64] E. de Rougé, “Notice sommaire des monuments égyptiens,” 3rd edition, 1864, p. 34, A. 21. The British Museum possesses a replica of this statue.

[65] Mariette, “Notice,” 1st edition, 1864, p. 184, No. 17; and 6th edition, 1876, p. 92, No. 22.

[66] Mariette, “Notice,” 6th edition, p. 221, Nos. 638–48; Maspero, “Guide du Visiteur au Musée de Boulaq,” 1883, pp. 100–3.

[67] Mariette, “Notice,” 6th edition, p. 221, Nos. 649–51; Maspero, “Guide,” p. 101.

[68] Mariette, “Notice,” 6th edition, p. 221, Nos. 623–37.

[69] Mariette, “Notice,” 6th edition, pp. 212–13, No. 578; Maspero, “Guide,” p. 75, No. 396.

[70] Mariette, “Notice,” 6th edition, p. 239, No. 792.

[71] Maspero, “Letter to M. Gustave d’Eichtal on the circumstances of the history of Egypt which favoured the exodus of the Hebrew nation,” in the _Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres_, 1873, pp. 37–8.

[72] Published in _La Nature_, 1892, vol. lix., pp. 161–3.

[73] Major Arthur Bagnold published an account of them, with three drawings by Wallis and a few sketches, “An account of the manner in which two Colossal Statues of Rameses II at Memphis were raised,” in the _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology_, vol. x., p. 452 _et seq._

[74] I have related many examples of this belief in spirits inhabiting the ancient monuments in “Egypt: Ancient Sites and Modern Scenes,” 1910, chap. xv., p. 155. I have collected many more, and hope one day to have an opportunity of publishing them.

[75] Published in _La Nature_, 1894, vol. lxiii., pp. 230–4.

[76] Extract from the _Revue de l’Art ancien et moderne_, 1908, vol. xxiii., pp. 401–12, and vol. xxiv., pp. 29–38.

[77] Champollion, “Notice descriptive des monuments égyptiens du Musée Charles X,” 1827, 8vo, describes the object as follows: “85. _Hard wood_. A woman named Naï, standing, dressed in a long fringed tunic, hair plaited. The statuette was dedicated by her brother, Phtah-Maï, auditor of justice,” pp. 68–9. Now the little figure is numbered 37; it is in case A of the “Salle civile” (first shelf).

[78] Cf. E. de Rougé, “Notice des principaux monuments,” p. 82.

[79] SOKARI (Σώχαρις of the fragment of Cratinus the Younger, “Fragm. Comicor. græcorum,” edition Didot) was the god of the dead at Memphis, as Osiris was at Abydos; so they were soon identified one with the other, Sokar-Osiri, and with Phtah, _Phtah-Sokari_, _Phtah-Sokar_-Osiri. Here the scribe, who first took the three sacred names as belonging to one same god whom he qualified as Prince of Eternity in the singular, later regarded them as belonging to three different gods, and used the plural pronoun, SE, variant of SEN: “to whom THEY give” instead of “to whom HE gives.”

[80] The figure to which it was fastened is reproduced in Leemans, “Egyptian Monuments in the Museum of Antiquities of Holland at Leyden,” Part I, Pl. XXIV; cf. Chabas, “Notice sommaire des papyrus égyptiens,” p. 19.

[81] The facsimile of the text is in Leemans, “Monuments,” Part II, Pl. CLXXXIII-CLXXXIV, and is translated and annotated in Maspero, “Etudes égyptiennes,” vol. i., pp. 145–59.

[82] Extract from the _Revue de l’art ancien et moderne_, 1905, vol. xvii, p. 403.

[83] See the Chapter on the little lady Touî, pp. 183–189.

[84] Published in _La Nature_, 1895, vol. lii., pp. 211–14.

[85] “The Adventure of Satni-Khamois with the Mummies,” in G. Maspero, “Les contes populaires de l’Egypte ancienne,” 4th edition, p. 146.

[86] See pp. 172–174.

[87] See Chapter XVIII, pp. 172–177.

[88] _Revue archéologique_, April, 1861, vol. iii., 2nd series.

[89] Printed in the _Revue de l’Art ancien et moderne_, 1900, vol. viii., p. 353.

[90] See p. 150.

[91] See Chapter XVI., p. 145.

[92] Published in the _Revue de l’Art ancien et moderne_, 1902, vol. xi., p. 377.

[93] See Chapter X.

[94] Published in _La Nature_, 1890, vol. xxxv., pp. 273–4.

[95] See pp. 212–213.

INDEX

A

Abousîr-el-Malak, excavations of, 29

Abydos, 30, 31, 37; Memnonium of, 95, 134; ruins of, 94

Adoni (Adonaï), 122

Ahhotpou I, 145, 146, 158

Ahhotpou, Queen, 152, 158, 206

Ahmôsis I, 138

Aî, 138; portrait of, 98

Aî, son of Hapi, 197, 198

Alexandria, bas-reliefs of, 33

Amenemhaît III, 26, 32; sphinx of, 22, 23; statue of, 22, 28, 37

Amenertaîous, 103

Amenhotpou, 138

Amenmeses, 138

Amenôphis II, 122

Amenôphis III, 122, 124, 174

Amenôphis IV, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 131

Amenôphis, statue of, 64

Amenôthes I, 91

Amenôthes II, 109, 112, 113, 117, 118, 134

Amenôthes IV, 31

Amenôthes, statue of, 22, 28

Amon, 81, 101, 102, 104, 121, 122, 124, 125, 135, 183, 184, 185; priests of, 92; temple of, 90, 97, 137

Amon of Harmhabi, 98

Amonrâ, 107, 123

Amonrâ, ark of, 136

Anderson, 142

_Ankhari_, _the lady_, 175

Ankhasnofiriabrê en Hathor, 103

Ankhnas, 103

Antouf kings, the, 153

Anubis, temple of, 53

Apis, 146, 149; tomb of, 79, 145

Apouî, tomb of, 21

Apries, 143

Armaïs, 139

Asia Minor, 169, 191

Assiout, 31

Assyria, 169

Ati, 56, 58, 59

Aton (Amon), 121, 122, 123, 124, 125

Atonian Dynasty, fall of the, 31

B

Bagnold, Major Arthur, 142, 143

Baraize, M., 108

Barrère, M., 208, 212

Barsanti, M. Alexandre, 201, 206

Bastît, the goddess, 184, 209, 212, 213, 215; her festival at Bubastis, 210, 211

Baÿ, Dr., 133

Bedrecheîn, 141

Bénédite, M., 206

Beni-Hassan, 30, 31, 87, 214

Berbers, the, 129

Bercheh, 31

Berlin Museum, 152; _Scribe_ of the, 20, 21

Bibân-el-Molouk, 111

Bissing, F.W. von, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35

Bocchoris, 33

“Book of the Dead,” 113, 114, 203

Borchardt, 24, 25

Boulaq Museum, 63, 70, 71, 81, 85, 86, 135, 137, 138, 145, 146

British Museum, 153

Bruckmann, 17, 23

Bubastis, 124, 154, 157, 161, 190, 210, 211, 215

C

Cairo, 39, 108, 154, 179, 208, 215

Cairo Museum, the, 21, 22, 29, 32, 33, 39, 44, 46, 47, 93, 96, 98, 108, 114, 115, 116, 128, 129, 131, 134, 157; _Scribe_ of the, 20

Carter, 92

Caviglia, 141

Chaldæa, 169, 171

Champollion, 121, 172, 186

Chassinat, M., 206

Cheîkh-Abd-el-Gournah, 115, 178, 179

Cheîkh el-Beled, statue of the, 21, 46, 48, 88

Cheîkh-Saîd, 31

Cheops, 30, 209; statuette of, 37, 38

Chephrên, 30, 44, 46, 47, 48, 137, 209; statuette of, 37, 38

Chephrên, statues of the, 21, 24, 37

Coptos, 22

Cow, the, of Deîr-el-Baharî, 18, 106, 117

Crete, 169

Crouching Scribe, the, 18, 48, 49, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 84, 88

D

Dahchour, 145, 150, 152, 158

Darius, 140, 206

Davis, Theodore, 126

Decauville, 90

Denderah, 31, 123

Deîr-el-Baharî, 92, 108, 110, 115; _favissa_ of, 98; porticoes of, 95

Dévéria, 196

Dog, nome of the, 41

_Double_, the, 51, 52, 53, 54, 111, 115, 143, 193, 198

E

Ebers, 17

Edfou, temple of, 210

Edgar, Mr., 154, 155

Egypt, financial system of ancient, 197, 198

Egyptian cats, 208, 209, 214, 215, 216

Egyptian jewellery, 145–153, 201–207

Egyptian Scribes, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 74, 75, 76, 77, 199, 200

Egyptian statuary, 17–35

El-Amarna, bas-reliefs of, 131; necropolis of, 31, 125, 133; sculptors of, 130; statues of, 100

El-Tell, tombs of, 31

Es-Sayed Eîd, 155

Ethiopia, 95, 102, 124, 139

Ethiopian pyramids, the, 153

Euphrates, 170

Europe, 215, 216

F

Fayoum, the, 26, 29, 94, 137

Ferlini, 153

G

Garwood, 142

Gebeleîn, 22, 179, 214

Germany, 214

Gizeh, 39, 95

Gizeh Museum, 21, 24, 66, 68, 70, 152, 206

Gizeh, necropolis of, 21, 29

Gold and silver vases and cups, 160–8

Golenischeff, 32

Gournah, 138

Gournah, temple of, 95, 134

Grébaut, 37

Greece, 119

H

Hachopsouîtou, Queen, 97, 111, 112, 119

Hakori, 196

Hapi-T’aufi, Prince, 53

Harmais, statues of the, 22

Harmhâbi, 100, 130, 133, 135, 138, 139

Hathor, the goddess, 41, 42, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 187

Heliopolis, 123

Hellenes, the, 33

Heracleopolis, 30, 94

Hermopolis, 28, 31, 105

Herodotus, 32, 124, 140, 210, 211

Hor, the scribe, 84

Horus, 188

Horus Qa-âou, stele of the, 19

Hrihor, 124

Hyksôs king, portrait of a, 22

I

Icelanders and ghosts, 176

Iouaa, 122

Isis, 97, 116, 147, 148, 202, 204

Isis, statue of, 96

K

Karnak, 31, 37, 105, 138, 139; _favissa_ of, 22, 26, 90, 94, 95, 96; modern village of, 90; temple of, 135

Khâbokhni, 188

Khâmoîsît, high priest of Phtah, 145, 146

Khâsakhmouî, the Pharaoh, 19, 20

Khitas, the, 151

Khnoum, 135

Khnoumhotpou, the dwarf, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89

Khonsou, 98, 99

Khounaton, 125, 138

Khouniatonou, 31, 100, 126, 130, 133

Kings, Valley of the, 126

_King-Serpent_, stele of the, 19

Knom, 56, 58

L

Leghorn, 172

Legrain, M., 22, 26, 91, 94, 95, 96, 98, 100, 105

Lepsius, 57

Leyden, 20

Leyden Museum, 153, 175

Leyden papyrus, the, 177

Libyan Desert, the, 112

Libyan Mountains, the, 113

Longpérier, M. de, 49

Louis XIV, peruke of time of, 180

Louvre, the, 18, 21, 22, 49, 54, 55, 58, 60, 64, 67, 68, 70, 79, 80, 84, 125, 130, 134, 136, 145, 146, 152, 153, 172, 178, 183, 185, 186, 195, 200, 205, 206, 215

Louxor, 31, 107

M

Macedonians, the, 102

Madagascar, queens of, 104

Maît, 213

Mankahorou, statuette of, 37

Mantimehê, 103, 104

Mariette, 22, 24, 32, 38, 55, 60, 62, 66, 79, 94, 98, 100, 103, 116, 121, 136, 139, 145, 150, 151, 196, 206

Matonou (Amten), statue of, at Berlin, 29

Medinet Habou, 128

Mediterranean, the, 171, 194

Meîdoum, 46, 48, 62, 63; excavations of, 29, 30

Memphian Empire, the, 20

Memphis, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 55, 72, 78, 79, 88, 123, 137, 140

Menephtah, 136, 138

Menna, 182

Menzaleh, Lake, 32

Minieh, prince of, 85, 87

Mînou, the god, 22

Mît-Fares, 22

Mît-Rahineh, 24, 37, 39

Mohammed-Ali, 142

Mohammed Effendi Chabân, 154

Mond, Mr., 178

Montouhotpou, 111

Montouhotpou, statue of, 26

Montouhotpou I, temple of, 22, 106

Montouhotpou III, statue of, 22

Montouhotpou V, tomb of, 92

_Monuments de l’Art Antique_, 34

Morgan, M. de, 66, 73, 145

Moursi Hassaneîn, 155

Munich, 20, 21

_Musée Egyptien_, the, 26, 34

Mycerinus, statues of, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48

N

Nafêrourîya, 97

Naî, the lady, 173, 174, 177, 186

Naousirrîya, statuette of, 37

Napata, 31

Naples Museum, the, 20

_Nâr_-mer, _palette_ of, 19

Nasi, statue of, 21

Naville, 92, 106, 107, 111, 118

Nectanebo I, 116

Nectanebo II, 33

Neîth, 204; temple of, 167, 169

Nephthys, 147, 148, 202

Nile, the, 27, 112, 170; valley of the, 28

Nofirtoumou, the god, 215

Nofrihotpou, funeral of, 88

Nofrît, statue of, 22

Nonît, the goddess, 202

Nsiphtah, 103

Nubia, 31

O

Omm-el-Gaâb, tombs of, 29

Osiris, 116, 123, 147, 148, 205

Osorkon II, statuette of, 103

_Ostraca_, 98

Ounas, 201

Ousimares (Osymandyas), 158

_Ousirmârî_, 149

Oxyrrhinchus, 41

P

Pakhît, 213, 214

Pehournowri, statuette of, 79, 84

Perfume ladles described, 190–3

Persian Conquest, the, 91

Persians, the, 104

Petesomtous, 116

Petrie, Flinders, 26, 47, 129, 131

Phœnicia, 193

Phœnicians, the, 171

Phtah, 87, 95, 141, 145, 173; temple of, 37, 140

Phtah-Maî, 173, 174

Pioupi, bronze statue of, 21

Poubastît (Bubastis), 209

Psammetichus, 116, 117, 206

Psammetichus I, 33, 103

Psarou, 146, 147

Pyramids, plain of the, 29

Q

Qodshou, battle of, 151

R

Râ, the solar god, 123, 124

Rahotpou, the scribe, 84; tomb of, 62

Ramessides, the, 91, 103, 124

Ramke, the scribe, 84

Ramses, 130; statues of the, 22

Ramses I, 138

Ramses II, 30, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145, 148, 151, 158, 159, 160, 170, 206; statues of, 26, 101, 135

Ramses III, 102

Ramses VI, 101, 102

Ramses-Nakhouîti, 101

Rânofir, 44, 46, 88; statue of, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78

_Readers_, statue of the, at Cairo, 21

Reisner, 39, 44

Rome, 119

Rougé, M. de, 196

Roxelane, 127

S

Sabou, tomb of, 66

Saîd, the, 31, 113

St. Sebastian, paintings of, 83, 84

Saïs, 105

Saïte jewels, 201

Saladin, 39

Salt Collection, the, 120, 194

Sân, 196

Sânakht, 138

Sanmaout, statue of, 96, 97

Sanouosrît I, statue of, 22, 46; bas-relief of, 22, 37; (Ousirtasen), 94, 95

Sanouosrît III, 94; statue of, 46

Sapouî (Sepa), statue of, in the Louvre, 21, 29, 64

Saqqarah, necropolises of, 21, 29, 49, 55, 63, 66, 76, 85, 88, 95; village of, 72

Sculpture in wood, 172–4, 183–9

Scythians, the, 140

Serapeum, the, 55, 60, 64, 79, 145, 146, 148, 150, 153, 206

_Serdâb_, the, 51, 60, 62

“Service des Antiquités,” the, 143, 155, 178

Sesostris, 140

Setinakht, 138

Setouî I, 30, 37, 95, 121, 130, 138; hypogeum of, 134; statue of, 135

Setouî II, 138, 160

Shepherd Kings, the, 22, 32; portraits of, 196

Sheshonq, 194

Sidi Ahmed el-Bedaouî, 210

Simon, Herr, of Berlin, 129

Sinai, 129

Siout, 54

Siphtah, 160

Siphtah Menephtah, 138

Sistrum, nome of the, 41

Skhemka, the scribe, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 84

Sokaris, boat of the god, 203

Sovkemsaouf, 22

Sovkhotpou, the king, 22, 84

Speos-Artemidos, cemetery of cats at, 213, 214

Sphinxes, the so-called Hyksôs, 28, 32

Stephenson, General, 142

Sycomore, Canton of the, 41

Syria, 95, 124, 139, 164, 171

T

Taharkou, 103

Taharqa, 196

Taîa, 98, 99, 121, 122, 134

Tamaî, singing-girl of Neîth, 167, 169

Tanis, 32, 102, 105, 137; sphinxes of, 28

Tantah, fair of, 210

Taouasrît, 170

Tboubouî, 184

Tell Bastah, ruins of, 208

Tell-el-Khanzir, 142

Thebaïd, the, 102

Theban Empire, the, 21, 22, 28, 32

Thebes, 28, 30, 31, 88, 92, 93, 95, 105, 120, 123, 124, 125, 128, 131, 137, 145, 181, 183, 187

Thebes, government of, 103, 104

Thinis, 30

Thinis-Abydos, 29

Thinites, the, 20, 29

Thot, city of, 31

Thoutmôsis, 138

Thoutmôsis, statue of, 22

Thoutmôsis III, 91, 94, 96, 97, 98, 107, 109, 112, 121, 134

Thoutmôsis IV, 124

Ti, 88; statue of, 70

Tîyi, 126, 127, 128, 129

Tîyi, wife of Amenôthes III, 100

Touaa, 122

Touî, the lady, 178, 183, 184, 185, 186, 189

Toumoumtaouneb, the royal cupbearer, 164

Tourah, limestone of, 49, 179

Toutânkhamânou, 133, 134, 138

Toutânoukhamanou, 98, 99, 100

Turin Museum, 64, 183, 186, 189

Turin papyrus, the, 197

U

Upper Egypt, 41

V

Vassalli, 47

Vienna Museum, 22

Virchow, 215

W

Wiedemann, 26

Wilkinson, 216

Z

Zagazig, 154, 155, 156, 165, 171

Zannehibou, 201, 202, 206

The Gresham Press, UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED WOKING AND LONDON.

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Spelling discrepancies between the main text and the Index were resolved in favor of the main text.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unpaired quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unpaired.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.

Most full-page illustrations included printer’s instructions specifying “To face p. xxx.” Those instructions have been removed from this eBook.

Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of pages, have been collected, sequentially numbered, and placed at the end of this eBook, just before the Index. References to those footnotes have been renumbered in the same way.

The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.