Part 22

On more than one occasion I have publicly testified to my own belief in the efficacy of the social work of the Salvation Army. There is one point on which it contrasts with every other effort either of philanthropy or of religion. The work is carried on by a vast multitude of eleven thousand officers, men and women, young men and maidens. They are bound by no vows; but they might, if they chose, wear the rope with the triple knots of the Franciscans. For they follow, without vows, the three Franciscan virtues of obedience, poverty, and chastity. Add to these, if it is a virtue, total abstinence from strong drink. They go where they are sent, they do what they are ordered to do, they carry out the military duties of obedience, they draw pay barely enough for the most modest standard of living, and their lives are blameless on the score of purity. So long as these virtues remain with them, so long will they prevail. If, as happened with the Franciscans, the praise of the world, which certainly is coming to the Army as well, turns their heads and corrupts their zeal, if they take money and make money by their work, then the social side of the Salvation Army will, like so many human systems, fall to the ground and be trampled in the dust. At present they are all poor together; poor and not dissatisfied; not a man or woman among the whole eleven thousand has a bank account of his own; they all live from hand to mouth, and when the word comes from headquarters that there is to be a week of self-denial they live for that week as they can, without any pay. And if we are fain to confess that their work is good for the unfortunates, whom they chiefly befriend, what are we to say or to think of the good which their work confers upon themselves? Surely, the Helping Hand raises its owner as well as those whom it lifts. The twopenny doss-house, the refuge, the home, the rescue, the colony—do they not also raise and rescue and strengthen the people who administer and direct them?

Matthew Arnold once visited East London in verse:

“I met a preacher whom I knew and said: ‘Ill and o’erworked, how fare you in this scene?’ ‘Bravely!’ said he; ‘for I of late have been Much cheered with thoughts of Christ, the living bread.’ O human soul! as long as thou canst so Set up a mark of everlasting light, Above the howling senses’ ebb and flow, To cheer thee and to right thee if thou roam— Not with lost toil thou laborest through the night! Thou mak’st the heaven thou hop’st indeed thy home.”

INDEX

INDEX

Abney, Lady, 274

Abney, Sir Thomas, 274

Aguilar, Grace, 276

Aikin, Dr., 275

Aliens in London, 187

Anarchists, 206

Appeals for day in country, 307

August holiday, 303

Bad building, bribery of inspectors, 220

Bancroft almshouses, 341

Barbauld, Mrs., 275

Barking, 104, 111

Barnardo’s homes, 339

Barrack Life, 223, 224; and Salvation Army, 224

Beating the bounds, 60

Beds hired out, 212

Bethnal Green crowded district, 221

Bicycle round London, 310

Billingsgate, 52, 54, 55

Bishop’s Manor, 4; Palace, 7

Blackwall Basin, 95

Booth, General, 225

Boundaries of East London, 4

Bow Creek, 99

Bradwell, 109

Breathing places, 302

Bridge, first London, 53

Casual ward, stupidity of, 249

Census, Religious, 37

Centenarian, The, 201

Chapels on the wall, 110

Chapels on bridges and walls, 110

Charity Organisation Society, 343

Charter House, 280

Chaucer, 47, 55

Children’s Day in country, 307

Chinese in London, 204

Church of England, 331

City, 257

Clapton, 267

Club of factory girls, 142; of the baser sort, 315

Colet, Dean, 7

Continuation Schools, 333

Coopers’ Company, 82

Cromwell, Major, 273

Cromwell, Oliver, 271

Crowded part of Bethnal Green, 221

Custom House, 55

Dagenham, 111; white-bait dinner, 111

Dancing, none in East London, 313

Day in country for children, 307

Defoe, 47, 274

Discharged prisoners, 241

Disraeli, Benjamin, 275; Isaac, 275

Docks, St. Katherine, 62; London, 68; West India, 95; Blackwall, 95; Millwall, 95; attractions for boys, 96

Dogs, Isle of, 91

Drury Lane, Barracks in, 222

Dutch in Spitalfields, 192; Church, 192

East End Parks, 304

East Ham, 7, 213

East London, history mostly a blank, 3; boundaries of, 4; nature of ground, 4; collection of villages, 8; no center, 8; not a city, 8; no newspapers, 8; no people of fashion, 8; filled with working class, 8; population of, 8; no hotels, 9; New Zealander in, 9; no restaurants, 9; rapid rise, 10; a manufacturing city, 10; not a trading city, 10; resembles Old London, 10; no book shops, 13; no literary power, 14; no garrison, 14; no recruiting, 14; monotony, 15; meanness, 15; streets all alike, 15; no old buildings, 16; an unlovely city, 16; fine roads, 17; life not monotonous, 16, 17; city of many crafts, 21; distribution of trades, 22; factories in, 23; proportion of professions to crafts, 24; the curse of labor, 27; division of labor, 28; demand for skilled labor, 29; wages in, 30; sweating, 30; co-operative labor, 33; an experiment, 33; not a slum, 38; a hive of workers, 116; Huxley on, 127; ministering ladies, 128; fringe of, 255; Matthew Arnold on, 358

Easter Monday, 290, 291, 295

Eighteenth century, 325

Emigrés, 189

Epping Forest, 256

Epping Hunt, 291, 301

Excursion trains, 303

Excursion Dock, 78; escape of a man, 78

Factory girl, Chapter V.

Fairy lights, 239

Fight near Tower, 326

Fleetwood, Cromwell’s son-in-law, 271

Flower Girls’ Society, 342

Foreshore, rescue of, 110

Fraternities, 337

French Revolution, 188

French in Spitalfields, 188

Fringe of East London, 255

Future—the man who looks forward, 56

Gambling, Chinese, 205

Gardens in London, 304

George’s, St., in the East, 72, 73

German clerks, 191; Jews, 190, 192

Ground, lie of, 4

Hackney churchyard, 263; Old Town, 263; 18th-century houses, 264; Barber’s barn, 272; Darnley, 272; Captain Woodcock, 273; Major Cromwell, 273; Hartopp, Sir John, 274; John Howard, 276; André, 277; Princess Elizabeth, 279; Sir Walter Raleigh, 279; Sir Thomas More, 279; Thomas Sutton, 280; John Ward, 281; Lucas, 281

Ham, West, 7

Hampstead Heath, 292; on Easter Monday, 295

Hangman’s Acre, 79

Heckford, Dr., 85, 86

Helping Hand, the, Chapter XII.; history of, 319; and the beggar, 320; and St. Martin, 321; new developments, 321

Henry, Matthew, 275

Hewling, Benjamin, 273

Holidays, 289

Homerton, High Street, 267

Hopping, 308

Hospitals, 337

Housing of the people, 212; and London County Council, 225

Huguenots in London, 188, 192

Hunting rights, 7

Huxley on East London, 127

Idlers on London Bridge, 42

Immigration, 190

Increase of population, 213

Industrial villages, 225

Irish colony, 36

Isle of Dogs, 91; origin of name, 92

Italians, 191, 203

Jack the Painter, 283

Jay, Osborne, the Rev., 329

Jewish quarter, 193

Jews, alleged superiority, 194; trained intellect, 194; unpopularity of, 195; Sunday morning with, 196; salesmen, 196; physical degeneration, 199; oriental note, 200; the, old man, 201; the Synagogue, 202

Journalism and the gaol bird, 242

Judenhetze, 195

Key of the street, 155

Key, price of the, 211

Laboratories at People’s Palace, 334

Labor aristocracy, 119

Ladies in East London, 128

Lads in the country, 307

Lawlessness in 18th century, 325

Lea River, 7

Libraries, free, 338

Liz, the baby, 119

London Street, 119, 120; home, 120; furniture of home, 120; hardening the baby, 122; parents of, 122; food of, 121, 122, 123; beer, 123; the school, 124; washing of, 124; leaves school, 127; forgets her teaching, 127; appearance of, 128; character of, 129; ignorance of, 129, 130; conversation and ideas, 130; interests of place, 130; sailor cousin, 133; Christmas feast, 133; goes to work, 134; in a jam factory, 135; goes a-hopping, 136; a day at factory, 137; breakfast, 137; dinner, 137, 138; on strike, 141; independence of, 143; ladies’ club, 143; bank holiday, 144; at seventeen, 147; on Sunday, 147; her sweetheart, 148; marriage of, 150; a wife and a mother, 151

London, the old families, 34; devours her children, 34; vanishing of old families of, 35; influx of new blood, 36; the port of, 41, 42; docks, 68; street, 119, 120; a city of refuge, 187; and the alien, 187, County Council, 225; School Board, 332

Long hours of idleness, 289

Lord Mayor’s fund, 343

Lowe, Bob, 141

Lucas, 281

Man, two varieties of, 56

Manor of Bishop of London, 4

Match tax, 141

May-day, 290

Medland Hall, 248

M.A.B.Y.S., 337

Memories of the past, Chapter X.

Millwall Dock, 95

More, Sir Thomas, 7, 279, 280

Morley, Samuel, 276

Music halls, 322

Nantes, Edict of, 188

New docker, the, 52

Okey, John, 271

Opium den, 205

Organized robbery, 48

Osborne, Jay, the Rev., 329; work of, 330; the boxing class, 330; the doss-house, 331

Overcrowding, 213, 214; a million affected, 218; case of A. B., 218; vitiation of air, 217

Palace of bishop, 7

Palatines, the, 188, 278

Parish work, 327; unpaid assistants, 328

Past, the man who loves the, 54

People, housing of, 221

People’s Palace, 297, 312, 313, 334

Pepys, 91

Persian scholar in East London, 204

Peter, St., ad Vincula, 60

Polish Jews, 192

Polytechnics, 333

Poor, generosity of, 121

Popular recreation ground, 304

Population of East London, 8; proportion of those born, 36; rapid increase, 213

Port of Billingsgate, ancient, 52

Port of London, A.D. 1400, 46; increase of trade, 48; Riverside people, 48; A.D. 1700, 48; lightermen formerly organized plunderers, 51

Prisoners, wreck of manhood, 351; welcomed in the Salvation Army, 247, 353

Prisons, 352, 353, 357

Raines Charity, 68, 71

Ratcliffe, 81; highway, 71; stairs, 81, 85; cross, 82; shipwrights’ company, 82; the Italian ghost, 87

Refuge, the city of, 187

Religion, indifference, not hatred, 37

Rent, increase of, 211

Rescue of Foreshore, 110

Revolution, French, 181

River Lea, 309

Riverside, 48

Riverwall, 103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 112

Rowe, Owen, 271

St. Austin’s Church, 192

St. Katharine’s by the Tower, 65; dock, 62; liberty of, 65; destruction of, 66; Regent’s Park, 66

Salvation Army barracks, 224; shelters of the, 248; the farm, 353; social work, 350; lodging houses, 350; work shops, 350; prisoners, 247, 353; does it pay? 354; the modern friars, 357; a company of self-denying workers, 357

Sandwich man, the, 240

Scholarships, 334; possibilities of, 335

School children, 332; humanizing influence of, 332

Settlement, the, and lads, 307; origin of, 344; working of, 345; what it is, 346, 348

Shacklewell Green, 280; and Sir Thomas More, 280; Shadwell, 79

Shakspere, 47

Shopkeepers, no amusement for the smaller sort, 311

Shipwrights’ Company, 82

Sick, care of, 337

Slums, 323; exaggeration of novelists, 324

Smith, Dr. William, 274

South London, barracks in, 222

Spitalfields and French, 188

Sports and Pastimes, Chapter XI.; in the street, 310

Stepney, 7

Stoke Newington, Dr. Aikin, 275; Mrs. Barbauld, 275; Church Street, 269; Thomas Day, 276; Defoe, 274; Isaac Disraeli, 275; Fleetwood House, 273; nonconformity in, 270; Puritan leaders in, 271; John Okey, 271; Palatines, 278; E. Allan Poe, 277; Owen Rowe, 271

Stow, 59, 67

Stratford Langthorne, 111

Strype, 67

Submerged, of all classes, 229; where found, 230; of the eighteenth century, 232; inoffensive, 233; causes of wreck, 233; in police court, 234; the case of A. A., 237; in the Sixpenny Hotel, 238; in Oxford Street, 239; of various trades, 240; the odd job, 241; pennyworths, 241; the sandwich man, 244; ten thousand of them, 251; a lower depth still, 250

Suburban life changing, 261; destruction of city social life, 257; dullness of, 258; clubs and amusements, 261; awakening of society, 261; theatres in, 261

Suburbs, growth of, 67

Sunday lectures, 339

Sutton, Thomas, 280

Swedish Church, 73

Technical Education Board, 333

The lad of the street, 156; at school, 159; leaves school, 160; prospects, 160; what he knows, 161; his temptations, 162; the barges left in the mud, 165; his pair of hands, 165; city boys, 166; railway for, 166; factories for, 167; van and horse, 167; beer boy, 167; meals, 168; porter’s work, 168; degeneration of, 171; long evenings, 171; boys’ clubs, 172; classes, 172; music halls, 173, 181; mimicry of, 174; casual hand, 177; street amusements, 177; at Epsom, 177; Hooligans, 177; street fights, 177; the Reformatory, 178; gamblers, 178; reading, 181; keeps company, 181; ordeal of street, 182; loafers, 183

Theatre regarded with horror, 258

Thousands driven out homeless, 222

Tower Hill, 55, 56; terrace on, 55, 56, 59, 61; of London, 59; bridge, 61, 62; liberties, 66

Toynbee Hall, lectures at, 311

Tramps and rogues, 250

Trinity almshouses, 341

Turpin, Dick, 282

Wall by river, 103

Wapping, school and churchyard, 73, 74; old stairs, 77; recreation ground, 304

Ward, John, 281

Wat Tyler, 7

Watts, Dr. Isaac, 268, 273

West Ham, 7, 214

West India Dock Road, 203

West India Docks, 95

Whit Monday, 298

Whitechapel picture exhibition, 296

Whittington, 47

Willoughby, Sir Hugh, 85

Winter amusements, 310

Woodcock, Captain, 272

Workhouse, the, 349

Working class, better sort, 119

Yarmouth Church, why closed, 303

● Transcriber’s Notes: ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant form was found in this book. ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).