Category: Science - Earth/Agricultural/Farming
INTRODUCTION—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS—ENUMERATION OF THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF SLIPS AND SUBSIDENCES IN CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS, AND EARTHWORKS CONSTRUCTED TO CONTAIN OR EXCLUDE WATER—SOME DOMINANT PRINCIPLES TO BE REMEMBERED IN DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF EARTHWORKS 1–12
THE PROBABILITY OF A SLIP—TIME OF THE MOST FREQUENT OCCURRENCE—SOME CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH SLIPS AND SUBSIDENCES IN CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS MAY BE EXPECTED IN DIFFERENT EARTHS,...
21. CHAPTER VII.NOTES UPON THE PRESERVATION OF THE FOOT OF A SLOPE.—VARIOUS METHODS OF COVERING AND SUPPORTING A SLOPE.—PROTECTION FROM SNOW-DRIFTS.—THE FORMATION WIDTH OF CUTTINGS AND EMBANKME...
17. CHAPTER IV.NOTES ON THE PERCOLATION OF WATER.—SYSTEMS OF DRAINAGE OF CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF EARTH AND UNDER DIVERSE CONDITIONS.—THE CONSTRUCTION OF CULVERTS, PIPE-D...
20. CHAPTER VI.SLOPES, GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.—TABLE SHOWING THE USUAL RANGE OF SLOPES.—TABLE OF COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION.—NOTES ON THE COHESION OF EARTH.—FORM OF A SLOPE.—SOME CONDITIONS GOVE...
27. Chapter V. Thus the upward and relieved pressure 0·85 + 1·65 equals 2·50tons per square foot, 0·85 ton of which constantly varies. It is obvious that in very permeable soils, such as sand, the hydrostatic pressure will be most felt, and should the r...
24. CHAPTER X.In the first place, care should be taken in determining the site of an embankment across an estuary that there shall be no concentration or alteration of the general direction o...
23. CHAPTER IX.THE DEPOSITION OF AN EMBANKMENT.—PREPARATION OF THE GROUND UPON WHICH AN EMBANKMENT HAS TO BE DEPOSITED.—METHODS OF PROCEDURE.—CONSIDERATION OF SOME OF THE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS.—TH...
22. CHAPTER VIII.With regard to earthworks in or upon sidelong ground, the configuration of the surface conduces to a movement of the hill-slope of a cutting, and the centre of gravity of an emb...
29. Chapter V.: and by the insertion of a cylinder, with a properly designedbottom, to prevent the issue of soil to a level some feet below the lowest intended excavation upon the site, or to the depth at which the greatest flow of water is obtained; ca...
19. CHAPTER V.There is no limit to the depth of a cutting except a due regard to economical construction, provided the slopes are sufficiently flat, and the lateral and upward fluid pressure...
13. CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS—ENUMERATION OF THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF SLIPS AND SUBSIDENCES IN CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS, AND EARTHWORKS CONSTRUCTED TO CONTAIN OR EXCLUDE WATE...
25. Chapter II., but probably the worst earth in which a canal can be madeis peat-bog land; the method of procedure is then different to that required in making a railway or a road, and in such soil the construction of a canal should be avoided, as it...
16. Chapter I., &c. Some of the most important operations to prevent slipsin an embankment are to thoroughly drain its seat, prevent a flow upon the surface of the original ground, percolation of drainage waters into its lower part and filtration of r...
15. CHAPTER III.With regard to the effect of a slip the chief consideration is, will it be dangerous and prevent traffic or the unrestrained use of the work? A problem most difficult to solve....
28. CHAPTER XII.With regard to “boils” in sandy soils and the general drainage of the site of dockworks, operations should be commenced as long as possible before the works of construction, so...
18. Chapter XII. On no account should a spring be stopped, as such actionwill result in its diversion to some other place; but the water flowing from it should be guided and discharged. Weighting may arrest a slip in any sandy soil, also clay or any...
26. CHAPTER XI.NOTES UPON THE FAILURE OF DOCK AND OTHER WALLS FROM A FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH FILLING OR BACKING.—CONSIDERATION OF THE CAUSES OF SUCH ACTION AND SOME PREVENTIVE AND REMEDI...
9. CHAPTER IX.THE DEPOSITION OF AN EMBANKMENT—PREPARATION OF THE GROUND UPON WHICH AN EMBANKMENT HAS TO BE DEPOSITED—METHODS OF PROCEDURE—CONSIDERATION OF SOME OF THE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS—THE EF...
2. CHAPTER II.THE PROBABILITY OF A SLIP—TIME OF THE MOST FREQUENT OCCURRENCE—SOME CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH SLIPS AND SUBSIDENCES IN CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS MAY BE EXPECTED IN DIFFERENT EARTHS,...
1. CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS—ENUMERATION OF THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF SLIPS AND SUBSIDENCES IN CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS, AND EARTHWORKS CONSTRUCTED TO CONTAIN OR EXCLUDE WATE...
6. CHAPTER VI.SLOPES, GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS—TABLE SHOWING THE GENERAL RANGE OF SLOPES—TABLE OF COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION—NOTES ON THE COHESION OF EARTH—FORM OF A SLOPE—SOME CONDITIONS GOVERNI...
12. CHAPTER XII.NOTES UPON SLIPS OF EARTH, SUBSIDENCES, AND MOVEMENT IN FOUNDATIONS CAUSED BY “BOILS,” OR AN UPWARD RUSH OF WATER IN LOOSE EARTHS—CONSIDERATION OF SOME PRECAUTIONARY AND REMEDIA...
7. CHAPTER VII.NOTES UPON THE PRESERVATION OF THE FOOT OF A SLOPE—VARIOUS METHODS OF COVERING AND SUPPORTING A SLOPE—PROTECTION FROM SNOW-DRIFTS—THE FORMATION WIDTH OF CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS...
4. CHAPTER IV.NOTES ON THE PERCOLATION OF WATER—SYSTEMS OF DRAINAGE OF CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF EARTH AND UNDER DIVERSE CONDITIONS—THE CONSTRUCTION OF CULVERTS, PIPE-DRA...
11. CHAPTER XI.NOTES UPON THE FAILURE OF DOCK AND OTHER WALLS FROM A FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH FILLING OR BACKING—CONSIDERATION OF THE CAUSES OF SUCH ACTION AND SOME PREVENTIVE AND REMEDIA...
3. CHAPTER III.5. CHAPTER V.8. CHAPTER VIII.10. CHAPTER X.