CHAPTER X

THE RISE OF MOLTEN ROCK TO THE EARTH’S SURFACE; VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS OF EJECTED MATERIALS

The mechanics of crater explosions—Grander volcanic eruptions of cinder cones—The eruption of Volcano in 1888—The eruption of Taal volcano on January 30, 1911—The materials and the structure of cinder cones—The profile lines of cinder cones—The composite cone—The caldera of composite cones—The eruption of Vesuvius in 1906—The sequence of events within the chimney—The spine of Pelé—The aftermath of mud flows—The dissection of volcanoes—The formation of lava reservoirs—Character profiles—Reading references 115