Early voyages and travels in the Levant
Scene 2: “Clap on more sails: pursue, up with your fights.” Close fights
= close quarters.
[27] Bandeleer = leathern cases or belts containing charges for firelocks, used before modern cartouche-boxes were invented.
[28] Chase peeses = chase-guns, which were placed during an engagement at the chase-ports at the bows.
[29] Written on the opposite blank page of the MS. is: “We gave them 3 chase peeces before they woulde strike.”
[30] Drablings = the drabler, or a piece of canvas laced on the bonnet of a sail to give it more drop.
[31] Spardecke. This is a loose term applied to the quarter-deck, gangways, and forecastle.
[32] The paragraphs inserted between brackets are written, in the original, on the opposite blank page.
[33] Tarifa.
[34] Still known as Ape Hill.
[35] Gibraltar.
[36] Ceuta.
[37] Marbella.
[38] Malaga.
[39] Salobreña.
[40] Algiers.
[41] _Assinego_, a Portuguese word to signify “ass”. “Thou hast no more brain than I have in mine elbow; an assinego may tutor thee.” (_Troilus and Cressida_, ii, 1.)
[42] Cf. French, _renier_ = renegade.
[43] Bagno.
[44] Dellys.
[45] Bougie.
[46] Zembra el Jamoor, over against Carthage.
[47] Cape Bon.
[48] Tunis.
[49] Sicily.
[50] Grand Master of Knights of Rhodes.
[51] _Watchet silk_, so called from the colour of the dye of woad, Saxon _Wadchet_.
“Who like a mighty king doth cast his Watchet robe Far wider than the land, quite round the globe.”
(Drayton, Bk. xx, p. 1044.)
[52] Chios.
[53] Marseilles.
[54] _Saffranee_ = Sovrano, or Windward, the modern Bay of Argostoli in Cephalonia.
[55] Each of the Ionian Islands was governed by a _Proveditore_ from Venice until the downfall of the Republic in 1797.
[56] Castel Tornese.
[57] Pratique.
[58] The γυναικεῖον, or woman’s quarter in a Greek church.
[59] _Vide_ note 3, p. 17.
[60] Easter eggs.
[61] Eggs for a country festivity.
[62] “Many shiftes and subtle traverses were overwrought by this occasion.” (_Proceedings against Garnet_, 1606.)
[63] A game with a beam and sack of sand.
[64] Probably the Strophades, the largest of which is still called Convent Island, and has a convent on it of monks only.
[65] Cerigo, anc. Cythera.
[66] Milos and Antimilos.
[67] Cassos and Carpathos.
[68] _I.e._, the Knights of Rhodes.
[69] Caramania.
[70] Paphos.
[71] Ras el Khanzir.
[72] Dallam’s constant use of the word _butt_ for _boat_ sufficiently explains the following passage in Shakspeare, where _butt_ is supposed to have been a misprint:
“ ... where they prepared A rotten carkasse of a _butt_, not rigg’d, Nor tackle, sayle, nor mast.”
(_Tempest_, i, 2.)
[73] Scalastead. Cf. roadstead, the wharf or emporium for disembarkation.
[74] _Platt_ = plan. “To draw plattes of Sicily, and describe the situation of Libya and Carthage.” (North’s _Plut._, 220 B.)
[75] Lizards.
[76] Cf. Introduction for the English trade in Aleppo.
[77] Hostelries.
[78] Tarsus.
[79] “Jonah’s Pillar”, a rock in the sea, at the mouth of Scanderoon harbour.
[80] Sampeare = Samphire, the _Crithnum maritimum_, pickled as a salad. “Hangs one that gathers samphire: dreadful trade.” (Shaks., _Lear_, iv, 6.)
[81] Ayash, or more probably Korghos, or Corycos. Ayash, ancient Elaeusa, is at present a mass of ruins, Roman and mediæval, about 30 miles west of Messina, joining on to the ancient Corycos, now Korghos, with an island and fortress built during the Crusades, which is probably the “fayre and large castle” alluded to by Dallam.
[82] _Castellorosso_, an island much frequented by Greek mariners.
[83] _Kiaya_ is Turkish for “deputy”.
[84] Stave = stave of a barrel.
[85] Small black and white stones are still used for paving floors, etc., in Rhodes.
[86] _Ægean_ Sea.
[87] Stanco = Kos, contracted form of εἲς τὰν Κὸ. Cf. Stalimna for Limnos, Stamboul, εῖς τὰν πὸλιν, etc., etc.
[88] Leros.
[89] The Boghaz.
[90] Between Samos and the Island of Nicaria.
[91] Mt. Kerki, at the west end of Samos.
[92] There are twenty-two mastic-growing villages on Chios.
[93] Doubtless one of the mastic villages to the south of the island, most of which have still castles in their midst.
[94] Raspis = raspberry.
[95] Escutcheons.
[96] Caked = calked. “The windows close shut and calked.” (Ben Jonson, _Silent Woman_, i. 1.)
[97] Tobacco-smoking was just then in its infancy; it was introduced into England by Sir John Hawkins in 1565, and grew rapidly in the next decades. A curious old book of travels in Wales, says, “William Myddleton, elder brother of Sir Hugh Myddleton, projector of the New River, is remarkable for having been one of the first three who smoked tobacco in England, when crowds gathered round to witness the phenomenon.” Shakespeare never once alludes to tobacco.
[98] Cape Janissary is on the Asiatic side of the entrance to the Dardanelles.
[99] Gallipoli.
[100] Chirmagee = a boat rowed by _chiurme_, or slaves.
[101] Thomas Glover subsequently went out, in 1602, as Ambassador to the Porte, with power to appoint Consuls, and regulate the trade.
[102] _Relezea_ corresponds in position to modern _Ereklidia_, which is mentioned by Wheeler as _Heraclissa_.
[103] Sledge = sledge-hammer. “The blacksmith’s sledge, and the scythe of the mower.” (Longfellow, _Evangeline_, i, 2.)
[104] _Fadem_, old form of word “fathom”. A.-S. _fædm_ = the space reached by the arms extended, a grasp:—
“I fadmede al at ones Denemark with mine longe bones.”
(Havelock, i, 294.)
[105] Sequins.
[106] Greek village called Chora; modern pronunciation, “Hora”.
[107] A pottle was a quart jug. “Potations pottle deep.” (_Othello_, ii, 3.)
[108] Ganos.
[109] Heraclia.
[110] Selibria, anc. Selymbria.
[111] Musk melons.
[112] Citrons or pumpkins. Pumpion is old form of word pumpkin, showing its derivation from French _pompon_, Lat. _pepo_. “As flat and insipid as pompions.” (Goodman, _Winter’s Evening’s Conference_, pt. 1.)
[113] Vineyards.
[114] Pera.
[115] The old line of the Kings of Fez was driven out by the Emperor of Morocco in 1548, and the country annexed. Presumably the exiled family took refuge in Constantinople.
[116] Anshante = ancient, a standard; corruption of “ensign”. “Ten times more dishonourably ragged than an old-faced ancient.” (_1 Hen. IV_, iv, 2.)
[117] Braurie = bravery. “With scarfs and fans and double change of bravery.” (_Taming of Shrew_, iv, 3.)
[118] _Vide_ p. 7, note 2.
[119] Capougee, lit. gatekeeper.
[120] Bostan Pasha = Chief of the Gardens.
[121] The Golden Horn.
[122] _Jemeglans_ = adjemoglans = sons of strangers (_adjemi_). The adjemoglans were either captives in war, or sons of Christian parents taken when young, and designed for the more servile offices of the seraglio which a Turk would not do. The Bostangee-basha, or head-gardener, rose from their ranks and often obtained great power.
[123] _Oda_: Turkish for a compartment.
[124] Mohamed III put nineteen of his brothers to death on his accession; he was the last of the heirs allowed liberty. Henceforward, they were kept in the _Kaweh_, or cage, in the seraglio, from which they came out to rule or die. Presumably it is the _Kaweh_ which Dallam describes.
[125] The Sultana Valide, mother of Mohamed III, was the celebrated Sultana Safiye, favourite wife of Amurath III. She was of Venetian origin, being captured when young. She ruled Turkey during the lifetime of both her husband and son; hence the expediency of sending her so handsome a present. Mr. Paul Pinder, afterwards Ambassador, amassed great riches in the East, and built a most beautiful house in Bishopsgate Street.
[126] The Feast of Bairam.
[127] Sir Henry Lello was Ambassador to the Porte at that time. For an account of him, and his correspondence with Lord Salisbury, _vide_ Introduction.
[128] Mr. Paul Pinder was subsequently appointed Ambassador at Constantinople.
[129] Afterwards Sir Thomas Glover, Ambassador to the Porte.
[130] Grosgrain, from French _grosgrain_, _i.e._, thick, coarse.
[131] Spanish _tantarara_, the redoubled beating of a drum.
[132] Gatekeeper.
[133] Tissue = interwoven or variegated. “The chariot was covered with cloth of gold _tissued_ upon blue.” (Bacon.)
[134] Made of Spanish leather. “I will send you the Cordovan pockets and gloves.” (Howell, _Familiar Letters_, 1650.)
[135] Sir Paul Ricaut, in his book on Turkish policy, thus describes the dumb:—“They are called _Bizebani_ or mutes, which are taught mute language made up of several signs, in which, by custom, they can discourse and fully express themselves. Eight or nine are called favourite mutes, who serve for buffoons to sport with, whom he sometimes kicks, sometimes throws in the cisterns of water, sometimes makes fight together ... the mute language is much in vogue at Court, amongst others, as it is rude even to whisper in the Grand Signior’s presence ... the dwarfs are called _Giuge_, and especially valued if they are also eunuchs and deaf.”
[136] Sequins.
[137] The Baily of Venice at Constantinople at that time was one of the Capello family, celebrated for their admirals and statesmen. He retained the office from 1596 to 1604.
[138] Mandilion = a soldier’s cloak. “A mandilion that did with button meet.” (Chapman: Hom., _Il._, x.)
[139] _Scamatie_, deriv. Italian _scamatare_, to beat off the dust of wool.
[140] Muslin or lawn.
[141] The high shoe is still worn by Turkish women. (_Vide_ note, p. 2.)
[142] The vizier. Ibrahim was Grand Vizier just then, a creature of Mohamed III and the Validè Sultan’s. He was the third Grand Vizier appointed in the year 1598, and was himself appointed for the third time. He had pillaged Egypt, assassinated the Druses, and during his period of office as Grand Vizier, which continued till his death in 1601, he perpetrated every horror possible. He married a daughter of the Sultan’s, and kept in the favour of the Sultan’s mother by giving her magnificent presents. (Von Hammer.)
[143] The French Ambassador at that time was François Savary de Brèves; he was appointed in 1589, and remained till 1606.
[144] _Carmesale_, probably from Karamosel, a seaport on the Gulf of Ismidt.
[145] Zeitoun or Lamia, on the Gulf of Lamia.
[146] Gulf of Corinth, or Lepanto; modern town called _Epakto_, ancient _Naupactus_.
[147] The house of a Greek, “Romaic” as they call modern Greek.
[148] The game of football is much older in England than cricket; the first mention of it is in the reign of Edward III, and it became so rough a game in the time of James I, that, in his _Basilikon Doron_ he describes it “as meeter for laming, than making able the users thereof.”
[149] Probably cranes.
[150] Castel Tornese.
[151] Ugly, Fr. _laide_.
[152] Supportes, _i.e._, provisions.
[153] Castel Tornese.
[154] Bay of Argostoli in Cephalonia.
[155] The _Edward Bonaventure_ and the _Susan_ are the two ships which Richard Hakluyt, in his Collection of Voyages, vol. ii, 285, tells us had a fight with 11 gallies and 2 frigates of the king of Spain, within the Straits of Gibraltar, and came off victorious.
In Harleian MS. 1579, f. 150, we find “a note of all the shipps that’s bound for Turkey out of England and the burden of them and the Captaynes names”. The _Hector_ is given in this list as of 300 tons, and under the command of Captain Harris. The _Bonaventure_ was also 300 tons, Captain Childie. Dallam here distinguishes between the merchant ship _Bonaventure_ and the Queen’s ship _Edward Bonaventure_: this latter ship and the _Swallow_ were both probably those engaged in the destruction of the Spanish Armada, when the _Bonaventure_ was commanded by Captain Regmon and the _Swallow_ by Captain Hawkins. The _Bonaventure_ appears in the list of many of the expeditions of the time under Frobisher and Sir Francis Drake. (_Archæologia_, vol. xxxiv.)
[156] Perhaps the ship _Susan_ which in 1581 carried our first Ambassador to the Porte, Mr. Harbone, to Constantinople.
[157] Ital. _moscato_, a name given in those days to several sweet Italian and French wines.
“Quaff’d off the muscadel.”
(_Taming of the Shrew_, iii, 2.)
[158] Lixure, in Bay of Argostoli in Cephalonia.
[159] _Montebello._ Cf. the Greek love of euphemism, which gave the name of _Kalliste_, or the most beautiful, to the volcano of Santorin.
[160] Cape Passaro is southern Cape of Sicily.
[161] Zembra.
[162] Porto Farina, the western point of the Bay of Tunis.
[163] Formentera, one of the Balearic Islands.
[164] Iviza.
[165] Chibbal; Fr. _ciboule_; Ital. _cipolla_, a small onion or chive.
“Ye eating rascals, Do execution upon these, and _chibbals_.”
(Beaumont and Fletcher, _Bonduca_.)
[166] Las Calderonas, a small village on the borders of Alicante and Murcia.
[167] Walloon. Teuton name for Celts of Flanders and Isle of Walcheren.
[168] Cape Palos.
[169] Cape de Gata.
[170] Alhama.
[171] Castel de Ferro.
[172] Gibraltar.
[173] Burgo.
[174] Marbella.
[175] Cape Spartel.
[176] Probably Los Guigos, behind Algeciras.
[177] Large ships of burden, Spanish _caraca_.
“They were made like _carracks_, only strength and stowage.”
(Beaumont and Fletcher, _Coxc._, Act ii.)
[178] _Vide_ note 1, p. 8.
[179] These pages, doubtless, relate the battle, which, as the sequel shows, was a victory for the English.
[180] Most of these ships are alluded to in the State Papers, when they came in to be cleaned, when they brought in a prize, etc., etc. Sir Thomas Allen was once in command of the _Greenwich_.
[181] Those which went into the Mediterranean.
[182] The Round House was an erection abaft the mainmast for the accommodation of the ship’s officers.
[183] “The waist of a ship is a hollow space of about five feet in depth, contained between the elevations of the quarter-deck and the forecastle, and having an upper-deck for its base or platform.” (Falconer, _Shipwreck_, ii.)
[184] _Purl_ was the name originally given to beer with an infusion of wormwood. A _Purlman_ was one who sold it to sailors in the Thames. (Mayhew, _London Labour and London Poor_, vol. ii, p. 108.)
[185] Sir Thomas Allen is frequently alluded to by Pepys as a brave soldier and sailor in the wars against the Dutch. He was an admiral of high repute during Charles II’s reign. In 1664 he was appointed to command the Mediterranean squadron, and captured the Dutch “Smyrna fleet”.
[186] Calpe and Abyla, anciently known as the Pillars of Hercules.
[187] There are fifteen side-chapels in Malaga Cathedral.
[188] _I.e._, brother clergyman.
[189] Dragoman.
[190] Codling = a crab- or hedge-apple. “A codling when ’tis almost an apple.” (_Twelfth Night_, i, 5.)
[191] Galley-man.
[192] A daughter of Cecil, second Lord Baltimore, who founded the colony of Maryland, which his father, the first Lord Baltimore, had projected.
[193] Mad-apples, or Jews’-apples, are fruit of _Solanum Melangena_.
[194] “Bottled” here means bulging like a bottle. Cf. blue-bottle.
[195] L. 29, c. 4, _animalia fœdissima_.
[196] Dioscor., l. 2, c. 33, _contra febres et Aspidum morsus_.
[197] Capo di Pula.
[198] Coppled = with a peak or cop, sugar-loaf form.
[199] L. 9, c. 17.
[200] _In Quæst._, l. 3, c. 18.
[201] L. 1, p. 730.
[202] L. 17, p. 512-40.
[203] _Epil._, c. 51.
[204] Lib. 31, c. 7.
[205] L. 17.
[206] Leo Afri., l. 5, p. m. 562.
[207] _Vide_ note, p. 103.
[208] L. 35, c. 15.
[209] Lucian, _In Novigio_, p. 933.
[210] L. 8, c. 9, p. m. 860.
[211] _Meteor._, c. 7, 4.
[212] These lights are known now by the Greeks as τελώνια, and by the Italians as “fire of St. Elmo”.
[213] _Tal._, c. 1, fig. 4.
[214] Stived = packed away, stuffed.
[215] In Taylor’s works, 1630, we have a description of a _satée_: “A satie, which is a ship much like unto an argosey, of a very great burthen and bignesse.”
[216] _Meson_, an old form of the word “mizzen”.
[217] Stay-sail = a triangular sail hoisted on a stay.
[218] “Tender” is a word used for a stay or a spar, or any kind of beam.
[219] _Cervi_ is an Italian translation of the Greek form ἐλαφόνησος, or stag island, in the Bay of Kolokythia.
[220] Yale = yawl or jolly-boat.
[221] These raw-hide shoes are still worn by Greek peasants, and called τσαρόυκια.
[222] _I.e._, buyer.
[223] _Æn._, 2, l. 79.
[224] _Iphigen. in Taur._, Act v, p. 1205.
[225] Plash = puddle. “Makes meadows, standing pleashes.” (Browne, _Buttamina’s Pastorals_, i, 1.)
[226] The Archipelago.
[227] _Argentiere_ is the Italian name for Kimolos, a great halting-place for ships in those days.
[228] Seriphos and Siphnos.
[229] Psara.
[230] _Kara-bournon_ = Turkish, black point or nose.
[231] Sir P. Ricaut was twelve years Consul at Smyrna, and wrote a work on _Turkish Policy_.
[232] Dr. Pickering and Dr. Covel are mentioned by Spon and Wheeler as being at Smyrna. “And so in the good company of Doctor Pickering, physician to the factory at Smyrna, Dr. Covel, who was so kind as to bring us some part of the way, and divers merchants, we parted hence.”
[233] _Aspers_: a coin, worth a halfpenny at that time, according to Sir Paul Ricaut.
[234] The Patriarchate at Constantinople was then in a deplorable state. The price of the dignity was, Von Hammer tells us, then 20,000 crowns. Dionysius and Parthenius were constantly quarrelling for the office. Dionysius was deposed because he quarrelled with Panagiotes, the great dragoman’s wife (_vide_ Introduction), but returned to office on his death. Parthenius did well for the Greek cause in abolishing the temporary unions of Greek women with Turks.
[235] The _Logothetes_ corresponds to the Chancellor in the Greek Church.
[236] _Scabellum_ or _scamellum_. Gk. ὑποπόδιον = a footstool.
[237] “From one shoulder to the other.”
[238] The _vena salvatella_, a vein on the back of the hand much used formerly for bleeding.
[239] Arnout = an Albanian garment.
[240] The _Centurion_ was a fourth-rate ship of the line, of 531 tons; _temp._ Charles II. (_Archæologia_, xi, 183.)
[241] Great Thursday.
[242] “In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.”
[243] στοιχάρι = mod. Gk. surplice.
[244] ὡράριον = a stole.
[245] ἐπιμανίκιον = a maniple.
[246] ἐπιτραχὴλιον is also a stole.
[247] ὑπογονάτιον is a part of a priest’s dress in the form of a diamond, which hangs below the knee.
[248] Slew’d = swung round.
[249] καμηλαύκι is the modern Greek for a priest’s cap.
[250] Apron.
[251] Refers to the Greek custom, still in vogue, when they assemble to shoot at a dummy Judas.
[252] Final letters of words, Ἰησοῦς and Χρίστὸς; Byzantine form of Sigma.
[253] The _Prothesis_ is the altar for shrew-bread in the Greek Church.
[254] Italian, “dirty”.
[255] Grand Vizier Achmet Kiuprili, who won Crete for the Turks in 1669.
[256] Lit. market-place.
[257] Demir-tash.
[258] _Oda_ = sleeping-room.
[259] _Santon_ = holy man.
[260] _Tabard_ was originally a light vest worn over the armour; and generally embroidered with the arms of the wearer.
[261] _Kapougi_, “gate-keeper”; and _Kapa Agasi_, “master of the gate”.
[262] _Moutessaref_, “sub-governor of a province”.
[263] _Mufti_, “the chief lawyer”.
[264] Judge-advocates.
[265] Penalties.
[266] Treasurer.
[267] Captain.
[268] Pourer out of sherbet.
[269] Coffee-cups.
[270] _Dafterdar_ = President of the Treasury.
[271] Modern Greek, _Phanari_.
[272] _Bostangee_ = gardener.
[273] _Naï_ = a flute made out of a reed.
[274] _Vide_ note, p. 145.
[275] _Vakouf_ = money from the mosque property.
[276] _Tekie_ = Dervish’s monastery.
[277] _Baltagee_ = axe-bearers.
[278] Fipple = a stopper. “In recorders, which go with a gentle breath; the concave of the pipe, were it not for the _fipple_, that straiteneth the air much more than the simple concave, would yield no sound.” (Bacon, _Nat. Hist._, § 116.)
[279] Noze = nozzle.
[280] πλαγιαῦλος = Mod. Gr., a transverse flute.
[281] Still in use in the Greek islands.
[282] At Maidan = the horse-market.
[283] _Vide_ Introduction for an account of Sir John Finch and Sir Thomas Baines.
[284] Deriv. _Mesh_, “a torch”.
[285] _Trigae_ = three-horsed chariots.
[286] A queach is a thick, bushy plot, a _quick_-set hedge. “The fortresses of thorniest queache.” (Chapman’s Homer, _Hymn to Pan_.)
[287] Sides or supports.
[288] Marked on Ortelius’ map.
[289] Inns.
[290] Still known by this name.
[291] Valedéh Sultan = Queen-mother.
[292] Market-place.
[293] Modern maps _Bojados_.
[294] Spelt on modern maps _Tchorlou_.
[295] _Silivri._
[296] Champion = champaign, a flat, open country. “The Canaanites which dwell in the _champaign_ over against Gilgal.” (Deut. xi, 30.)
[297] Probably _Sinekly_ in modern maps.
[298] _Flead_ = stripped. “He ought to sheere, not to _flea_ his sheepe.” (Ben Jonson, _Discoveries_.)
[299] On modern maps _Karitchtran_.
[300] Garlic.
[301] Modern _Lule-Bourgas_.
[302] Trench.
[303] _Mohamed the Bosnian_, better known as Sokolli, from the castle of Sokol, where he was born, retained the Grand Vizierate for fifteen years, under three Sultans, and did much for the then rapidly-decaying Ottoman power.
[304] Or, rather, Baba, now called Eskì-Baba. Ortelius calls it _Sikibaba_.
[305] Modern name the same. Ortelius calls it _Capsia_.
[306] _Vide_ Introduction.
[307] Mosque of Sultan Selim II.
[308] _I.e._, bugs.
[309] The term “mumpus” is derived from “mump”, Dutch _mompen_, “to cheat”. “I am resolved to mump your proud players.” (Duke of Buckingham, _The Rehearsal_, p. 23.)
[310] Probably, as Covel was a Cambridge man, he alludes to the same lady as Mr. Pepys speaks of as Mr. Sanchy’s mistress: “And there found Mr. Sanchy and Mrs. Mary Archer, sister to the fair Betty whom I did admire at Cambridge.”
[311] The terrible earthquake at Ragusa is stated by Von Hammer as occurring in 1668. Five thousand persons perished in it; the harbour was destroyed; “water, fire, air, and earth were mingled in a terrible combat, the result of which was the ruin of Ragusa” (Von Hammer). The Turks took advantage of the position, increased the taxes, and utterly crushed the place. In 1678, one Ragusan Ambassador was put to death, another put in prison, and 200,000 crowns demanded from the inhabitants.
[312] Amurath III died 1595.
[313] Arab. _suffah_ is deriv. of our word “sofa”.
[314] The Grand Vizier, Achmet Kiuprili, died towards the close of the year 1676.
[315] _Sophister_, a Cambridge term. Second year’s men are called junior sophs.; third year’s men, senior sophs.
[316] _Weales._ A weal is a mark or stripe. “Thy sacred body was stripped of thy garments and wealed with bloody stripes.” (Bp. Hall, _Contempl._, bk. iv.)
[317] Count Kindsberg was Ambassador at this time from Germany to the Porte. He had a very difficult diplomatic game to play: firstly, to remonstrate with the Sultan for the tyrannies of the Pashas at the towns of Wardein, Erlau, and Debreczin; and, secondly, to counteract the influence of the French Ambassador, M. de Nointel, as France and Germany were at war at this time. Count Kindsberg died in the following year of the plague, or, as some said, of poison administered to him by one of the officers of the Janissaries.
[318] _Walter de Leslie_, Lord of Pettau and Neustadt, and Field Marshal of the German Empire, was Ambassador to the Porte in 1665. His embassy was noted for the pomp displayed and for the magnificence of his presents to the Sultan.
[319] Prince Mustapha came to the throne in 1695, after his two uncles, Solyman II and Achmet II. His reign was singularly unfortunate, and he was deposed and imprisoned in 1703.
[320] The _Mouteferrika_ was the quartermaster.
[321] French _doliman_, derived from this Turkish cloak, a light overcoat with straight sleeves, buckled by a girdle.
[322] Kadi.
[323]
“Bring me the bells, the rattle bring, And bring the hobby I bestrode.”
(Shenstone, _Ode to Memory_.)
[324] The origin of the diminutive Sir Tom Thumb is, like that of the Teutonic myth, _Jack the Giant-killer_, to be found in the earliest annals of our race. An old ballad, written in 1630, commences thus:—
“In Arthur’s court Tom Thumb did live, A man of mickle might, The best of all the table round, And eke a doughty knight.
“His stature but an inch in height, Or quarter of a span, Then thinke you not this little knight Was proved a valiant man.”
Probably the Tom Thumb alluded to by Dr. Covel is the one who, in 1588, fought a duel on Salisbury Plain with a noted giant.
[325] Sir Bevis, who conquered the giant Ascapart, and kept him as his slave, was the hero of one of the most favourite old legends.
“Of Hampton all the baronage Came and did Sir Bevis homage.”
Mr. Pepys alludes to the figure of him over the gate: “At Southampton ... Bevis’s picture is on one of the gates.”
[326] Cop = lump.
[327] _I.e._, watermen.
[328] _Rebi_ is Turkish for spring. _Rebi-u-l-evvel_ = the first (_evvel_) of spring, _i.e._, the 3rd month. _Rebi-u-l-akhir_ = the last (_akhir_) of spring, _i.e._, the 4th month.
[329] Hunched = pushed. “Then Jack’s friends began to hunch and push one another.” (Arbuthnot, _Hist. of John Bull_, ch. xiii.)
[330] _Achmet Kiuprili_ was the real ruler of Turkey from 1661 to his death in 1676. He defeated Sobieski on several occasions, besides winning Crete for the Turks.
[331] Beetled = projecting.
[332] _Vide_ Knolles’ _Hist. of Ottoman Turks_.
[333] Spon and Wheeler say, vol. i, p. 242:—“Sultan Mahomet IV, who now reigns, has so keen a passion for the chase, that for long he has made it his occupation. It is for this reason that for seven or eight years he has made his residence at Adrianople, for the environs are most suitable to give him the pleasure that he loves.” Mohamed IV was also of a decidedly literary turn of mind.
[334] _Defterdar_, High Treasurer.
[335] _Muezin_, the call to prayer from the minaret.
[336] Shawn or hautboy.
[337] _I.e._, metal-plated.
[338] Pollux (iv, 60) describes the _Pandoura_ as used by the Assyrians, consisting only of three chords.
[339] Hornified = hardened.
[340] Steales = stales, handles or sticks of a rake, etc.
[341] Quintal.
[342] _Menage_, here, means manage, control.
“He the rightful owner of that steede, He well could _menage_ and subdue his pride.”
(Spenser, _F. Q._, II, iv, 2.)
[343] _Slubber_ is a variant of _slabber_, to do a thing carelessly. “_Slubber_ not business for my sake.” (Shakes., _Mer. of Ven._, ii, 8.)
[344] Fr. for _sausage_.
[345] _Stoups_ = a vessel or receptacle; cf. Holy-water stoup.
[346] The chief eunuch, who looks after the harem.
[347] Petards = metal boxes, loaded with powder.
[348] _Vide_ note 2, p. 198.
[349] The Chiabeghi is the grand master of the court attached to an ambassador.
[350] Chief of the Chiaus.
[351] _Spahis_, a division of the Turkish army, consisting of light horsemen, generally chosen from the upper classes.
[352] _Vide_ note 2, p. 166.
[353] Turkish word for shoes; Mod. Greek παπούτσια.
[354] Old English form of Spanish _chapin_. “Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last by the altitude of a _chioppine_.” (Shakespeare.)
[355] Turkish _vekil_ = a deputy.
[356] Chief eunuch.
[357] Flags.
[358] Holy man or dervish.
[359] Bedlam, contracted from Bethlehem, because the hospital of St. Mary Bethlehem was used for lunatics, and anyone escaped or let out of this establishment was known as Tom of Bedlam.
[360] Reis Effendi = Minister of Foreign Affairs.
[361] _Vide_ note, _infra_.
[362] _I.e._, henna.
[363] Circular seat behind.
[364] _Vide_ note 2, p. 204.
[365] St. Theodore the Guardian, and St. Theodore the General. In the Greek Church hagiology, St. Theodore, with varied epithets, is always the healer of diseases.
[366] Votive offerings.
[367] The ancient Hebrus.
[368] Pricked = dotted on a plan.
[369] _Demirtash_, lit. Turkish iron-stone. Demir in Central Asia becomes Timur. Cf. Timur, the great conqueror.
[370] _Cheflick_ is Turkish for a country house or farm.
[371] Afterwards Sir Dudley North, and Ambassador to the Porte. (_Vide_ Introduction.)
[372] Crop-sick = sick with repletion.
[373] The _Præficæ_ were hired mourners who sang the _naenia_, or death-wails. The custom is still prevalent in Greece, the hired mourners being called _moirologistæ_.
[374] The Maritza.
[375] Washing in sacred streams on this day is still frequent in Greece.
[376] The Virgin Mary.
[377] _Ak-bonar_ is ten miles north of Adrianople, in the Tondja.
[378] Two miles S.W. of Adrianople, on the Arda.
[379] Dr. Peter Heylyn, the theologian and historian, who died in 1662, was noted for his captious criticisms. He wrote a life of Archbishop Laud, which Mr. Pepys thus criticises:—“It is a shrewd book, but that which I believe will do the Bishops in general no great good, but hurt, it pleads so much for Popery.”
[380] _Ilderim_ is Turkish for a thunderbolt.
[381] The Tondja.
[382] Michel, the celebrated Waivode of Moldavia, aroused great animosity against the Ottoman rule in the Danubian districts at the close of the sixteenth century. In 1598 he became reconciled to the Porte, and invested also with the Governorship of Wallachia; but he was assassinated in 1601.
[383] _Ianboli_ is now a town of six thousand inhabitants, on the left bank of the Tondja, on the frontier of Roumelia.
[384] Pilau.
[385] _I.e._, Village of Bosnians, three miles south of Adrianople, on the Maritza.
[386] Capital of Eastern Roumelia.
[387] If this refers to Sofia in Bulgaria, Dr. Covel’s geography is rather astray. No maps give a Sta. Sofia near the source of the Arda.
[388] Dr. Covel here probably refers to the _tribulus terrestris_, a caltrap, which is supposed to be the _tribulus_ translated “thistle” in Matt. vii, 16, and Heb. vi, 8. It grows in quantities in the East, and is also known as “the Turkey plant”. It is very prickly, and the fruit is used medicinally.
[389] Turkish _eshek_ = a donkey.
[390] _Orta-cui_, lit. “middle village”, is twenty miles S.W. of Adrianople, on a hill three miles from the Arda.
[391] The _oke_ then equalled half-a-pound. (Ricaut.)
[392] Compasse = compost, in agriculture. The term for a mixture of earthy substances suitable for manure.
[393] Rhodope, now called Despotodagh, lies almost due west of Adrianople.
[394] The Hemus range corresponds to the modern Balkans.
[395] A branch of the Arda rises at Dari-Dere in the Rhodope range, about that distance from Ortacui.
[396] Clenched = clinched, or clincher-built, lap-jointed work—a mode of building in which the lower edge of each plank overlaps the next one below it.
[397] Ροκάνι, mod. Gk., is literally a carpenter’s plane.
[398] These threshing-machines are still used amongst the tribes in Asia Minor: a board of pine-wood set with flint stones at the bottom, fixed along the grain of the wood. Cf. Isaiah xli, 15: “The new sharp threshing instrument having teeth.”
[399] These _palmaria_, or wooden reaping-gloves, are still common in the highlands of Asia Minor.
[400] Refers to the old form of magic of sticking with pins or knives a figure made to represent an enemy.
[401] Marquis de Nointel. (_Vide_ Introduction.)
[402] Wafer given in return for a coin.
[403] The sea-horse.
[404] Huff = blow or puff. “The said winde within the earth, able to _huffe_ up the ground.” (P. Holland, _Plinie_, bk. ii, ch. 85.)
[405] Βρουκολακες. A common superstition still all over Greece is that dead men return as ghosts, and suck the blood of the living.
[406] Evil spirits called Karakongilas, or Kalkagari, are still believed, in remote parts of Greece, to haunt the world and play all kinds of pranks between Christmas and Epiphany.
[407] _Pishkesh_ is Turkish for a present.
[408] The _Nischardji-baschi_ is equivalent to the Secretary of State.
[409] Firman.
[410] _Vide_ note p. 272.
[411] _Vide_ note 1, p. 33.
[412] Afterwards Sir Dudley.
[413] _Muckender_ is derived from Spanish _mocador_, French _mouchoir_. ‘You knew her little, and when her apron was but a muckender.’ (Dr. Corbett’s _Marriage_, 1658.)
[414] Finicalness = foppishness. “Gray’s finicalness about expressions was excessive.” (Hall, _Mod. Engl._, p. 123.)
[415] Mammock = to tear in pieces.
“He did so set his teeth and tear it; O, I warrant How he _mammocked_ it.”
(Shakes., _Coriolanus_, i, 3.)
[416] _Dolmades_ is a common Greek dish now.
[417] _Gobbet_ (cf. Old French _gober_, to devour greedily) here means made into mouthfuls. “Down comes a kite powdering upon them, and gobbets up both together.” (L’Estrange.)
[418] Slip slop = feeble composition.
[419] _Ploy_, abbreviated form of “employ”. “Twa unlucky red-coats were up for black-fishing or some siccun _ploy_.” (Scott, _Waverley_, ch. lxiv.)
[420] _Finjan_ is Turkish for a cup.
[421] In Feb. 1674 the Imperialists carried off the Prince of Furstenberg, a plenipotentiary accredited to the Court at Cologne. This outrage broke off negotiations between France and Germany.
[422] Deriv. Persian _martaban_, a glazed vessel.
[423] _Taback_ is a Turkish word for “plate”.
[424] _Hunch_ = to shove with the elbow. “Then Jack’s friends began to _hunch_ and push one another.” Arbuthnot’s _Hist. of John Bull_, ch. xiii.
[425] Usually written _Haïda_ in conjunction with the word _ghit_, “go away”.
[426] Cloak.
[427] The Grand Vizier, Kiuprili, died a few months later.
[428] _Vani Effendi_ was a celebrated preacher in the Court of Mahomed IV, and is said even to have brought the Emperor to tears. As in other parts of Europe, fanatical preaching was rife at this time, and in Turkey we find also Sabatai Sevi, who tried to make himself out to be the Messiah, and whose followers exist to this day. Vani attacked him furiously, and tried to convert the Jews to Mahommedanism. He was very instrumental in putting down the use of wine, and before the standard of the Turkish army he prayed with fanatical enthusiasm.
[429] Brusa, in Bithynia.
[430] Van, in Kourdistan.
[431] _Araf_ is the Mohammedan form of Purgatory.
[432] _Adam_, Turkish for “a man”.
[433] _Maurocordato_, the dragoman to Ahmed Kiuprili and the Ottoman Government, was a distinguished member of this Greek family in Scio. His mother was the daughter of a rich cattle merchant, Skarlato by name, and by this name he is perhaps better known. He studied medicine at Padua, and was Court physician as well as dragoman. He was employed on many important diplomatic missions, and signed the Peace of Carlowitz between the Porte and Austria.
[434] Turenne. Louis XIV’s campaign in 1676 resulted in the desolation of the Palatinate, and Turenne’s victories continued till the peace of Nimeguen, 1678.
[435] Doubtless the small village of Missinli, about three miles north of Karesteran. (Austrian Staff Map, 1829.)
[436] Form of word showing derivation _coronetta_, _Ital._, a little _corona_.
[437] Sta. Glyceria’s Day is 10th of May. She suffered martyrdom at Trajanopolis, in Thrace, under Sabinus, A.D. 140, for publicly reproving the President at the sacrifices. She converted her gaoler, Laodicus.
[438] Sir Peter Wych was Ambassador to the Porte in 1632. Covel’s date seems wrong.
[439] The _Imbat_ is a wind which blows every day in summer time.
[440] Bithynia.
[441] _I.e._, Nicæa.
[442] _Whifler_ = a fickle person, a trifler.
[443] Spon and Wheeler, the authors of an excellent work on the Levant.
[444] Basilidians = the followers of Basilides, the founder of one of the semi-Christian sects commonly called Gnostics, which sprang up in the early part of the second century, A.D.
[445] Panagiotes was a Cypriote Greek, a linguist, astronomer, and mathematician, who, in his position as dragoman to the Grand Vizier Kiuprili, did more for the maintenance of Greek freedom than anyone else, and was the founder of the Phanariote league.
[446] For particulars of Sir Edward Barton and his death, see Introduction.
[447] Kara-Mustapha, who succeeded Ahmed Kiuprili as Grand Vizier, was son-in-law of Sultan Mahomed IV. His career was most disastrous. He was defeated before Vienna, and eventually put to death, having done more towards the downfall of the Turkish Empire than anyone in its history.
[448] Lemnos was only regained from the Venetians in 1657, twenty years before Covel’s visit.
[449] The curious headgear of the women of Chios is still worn in the remoter villages.
INDEX.
=Abydos=, castle at the mouth of the Hellespont, 50, 82, 143, 154
=Abyla=, rock on the African coast opposite Gibraltar, 106
=Acrobats= perform during the solemnities, 216
=Actors= perform during the solemnities, 215
=Admiral= (see =Robinson=, Captain)
=Admiral= of Turkish fleet demands a present of the Captain of the _Hector_, 47, 48; receives two chests, 49
=Adrianople=, gate, 81, 173; summer resort near, 188; country near, thinly populated, 188; reception of the English embassy at, 189; divination with Bible and key at, 191; many Roman Catholics in, 210; storm at, 212; fireworks at, during solemnities, 213; dancers at, during solemnities, 213; plays acted at, during the solemnities, 216; acrobatic performances at, during the solemnities, 216; jugglers at, during the solemnities, 220; plague in, 241; great mortality in, 242; indifference of the people to the plague in, 244; bridges at, 249; geography of neighbourhood of, 251; ceremony at, in honour of the audience, 258; divan at, 258
=African Company=, the, rise of, in the sixteenth century, ii
=Aga= of the Janizaries, a severe man, 232
=Agathone=, favourite of the Pasha, gives sacred earth to Covel, 284
=Agazé Sultana=, her dowry, 232; her attendants, 234; her procession, 235; views sports at the Mosaïf’s house, 237
=Ak-bonar=, town near Adrianople, 248; Mahomed IV flies to, to avoid the plague, 248; fruitful country near, 249
=Alama= (=Almeria=), 95
=Aldridge=, William, English consul at Chios, 46; his anxiety respecting the organ, 58; and Jonas, in attendance during the presentation of the organ, 66
=Aleppo=, principal English mart, ix; Michael Locke, consul at, ix; he founds the factory at, ix; goods for, delayed by the Turkish army, 31; French consul at, dines on board the _Hector_, 31; letters carried to, from Scandaroon, by pigeons, 32
=Algiers=, description of, 13-15; Dallam arrives at, 13; early season in, 13; Moors, Jews, and Turks in, 14; behaviour of renegade Christians in, 15; King of, desires to see the organ, 15; King of, takes captain of the _Hector_ prisoner, 15; releases him and makes him a present, 15
=Allen=, Sir Thomas, commander of the _Greenwich_, 101; in Cadiz harbour, 105; notice of, 105 _n._
=Amalfians=, the, obtain capitulations, iii
=Ambassador=, the (see =Lello=, Henry)
=Ambassadors= to the Porte, list of, xlii (see _Addenda et Corrigenda_)
=Amurath III=, Sultan, alliance with, desired by Queen Elizabeth, vii; concludes charter-treaty, viii; promises assistance against the Spanish Armada, but breaks his word, ix; his present from Queen Elizabeth, x; his death, 194
=Anne, St.=, sacred springs, near Nicomedia, 281
=Antiparos=, cave of, mass celebrated in, xxxi
=Arab= juggler imposes on the superstition of the people, 220
=Arcadia=, herds of swine in plains of, 87; sudden rain in, 88
=Archipelago=, Covel enters the, 138
=Arda=, course of the river, 250, 252; dirty state of, below Adrianople, 253
=Argentiere= (see =Kimolos=)
=Argosies=, origin of the name, vi
=Argostoli=, good harbour at, 18, 91
=Arnold=, Dr., of the Sorbonne, disputes with Covel on the doctrines of the Greek church, xxxi
=Assumption=, Feast of the, observed by the Greeks, 144
_Assurance_, the, a convoy vessel, 102
=Audience=, the, a mere hurried formality, 266; -=chamber=, magnificence of the, 267
=Avanias=, or unauthorised demands by the Turks, increase in the severity of, xxxv
=Ayash=, a town of Asia Minor, 33
=Backstrevacui=, on the Tondja, bricks made at, 249
=Baines=, Sir Thomas, his friendship with Sir John Finch, xxxii; physician to the Legation, xxxii; his death, xxxiii; travels in a double horse litter or takt-i-rovan, 171; lodges in the college at Ponte piccolo, 175; at Adrianople with Finch, 189; attends solemnity entertainment with Count Bocareschi, 227; moves about to avoid the plague, 242; visits Vani-Effendi, 269; discusses religious faith with him, 269; is urged by him to become a Mussulman, 271; sends messages to him by Boccareschi, 272
=Bairam=, a season of rejoicing among the Turks, 152
=Baltimore=, Lord, his daughter in a convent at Malaga, 111
=Banquet= in honour of the audience description of, 261-262; no knives and forks at, 261; news discussed at, 263; disorder in outer room during, 264
=Barton=, Sir Edward, first resident ambassador at Constantinople, x, xlii; takes out present to Sultan Amurath III, x; accompanies Sultan Mahomet III to Hungary, xi; biographical notice of, xi; his monument at Chalki, xii, 281
=Bassa= of Morea, son of Mahomed the Bosnian, story of, 184-185
=Bat=, believed to possess marvellous powers, 256
=Bates=, the case of, xxi
=Baylye=, Mr., comes from Constantinople to meet the organ, 50; is in attendance at the presentation of the organ, 66
=Bendish=, Sir T., is sent to displace Sir S. Crowe, xxiii
=Biram= (see =Bairam=)
=Blacksmiths’ Company=, Dallam a liveryman of the, xvi; neglects his duty as a steward of, xvii
=Blake=, Captain, his story of the doctor and the sick mariner, 286
=Bobbas-cui= (see =Eski-Baba=)
=Bocareschi=, Count, his civility to Covel, 225; his character, 226; dies of the plague, 226; his rudeness to Marin Caboga, 227; carries messages between Sir Thomas Baines and Vani-Effendi, 272
=Bodenham=, Captain, goes to Chios, v
=Bogathos= (see =Bojados=)
=Bojados=, town near Silivri, 180
=Bosnacui=, _i.e._, village of the Bosnians, a seat of the Marquis de Nointel, 250
=Brèves=, François Savary de, his controversy with Vizier Ibrahim, 80; bribes Ibrahim, 81
=Bridegroom=, present of, 227 (see =Mosaif=)
=Bromwell=, Captain, of the _Thomas and Frances_, 101
=Brusa=, description of the baths at, 278; deaths from plague at, 278
=Bubuli=, D. Hilarione, account of, 149; his comparison of the Greek and Roman churches, 150
=Buckett=, Rowland, organ painter to Dallam, 66
=Burgas= (see =Lule-Bourgas=)
=Cable=, Thomas, his death on board the _Hector_, 34
=Cabóga=, Márin, Ragusean ambassador at Adrianople, 190; visits Sir John Finch, 190; his belief in witchcraft, 190; his experience during the earthquake at Ragusa, 192; accompanies Covel during the solemnities, 226
=Cadeleskier=, or judge-advocate, his tent, 167
=Calpe=, rock on which Gibraltar stands, 106
=Cambridge=, King’s College, organ at, constructed by Dallam, xvii
=Candia=, superstition of brazen man on, 26
=Capitulations=, or treaties for trading, ii; early origin of, ii; granted to Warings or Varangians of Scandinavia, ii; granted to Venetians, Amalfians, Genoese, and Pisans, iii; granted to French, iv; the first of the modern, iv; obtained by the Earl of Winchilsea, xxiv; Sir Paul Ricaut’s book on, xxiv; obtained by Sir John Finch, xxxii, 272
=Caragatch=, the plague reaches, 242; church at, 243; junction of rivers Arda and Maritza at, 243; large carp at, 243; cheflicks, or country houses at, 244; wine trade in, 244; the parson of, a great vintner, 245; shows kindness to Covel, 245; loses his kinswoman in the plague, 245; great funeral at, 246; heat and unwholesomeness of, 246
=Carles= quoted as an authority by Covel, 127
=Carlos=, Signor, an Irishman at Malaga, 107
_Carmesale_, the vessel in which Dallam left Constantinople, 82
=Carpathos=, fowls that burrow like rabbits at, 27
=Carpenter=, Mr., secretary to Sir John Finch, 261; is present at the audience banquet, 261; enters the audience chamber with Finch, 265
=Carthage=, salt-making at, 121; Covel visits, 121; remains of ancient city at, 122; beauty of remains, 123; Queen Dido’s tomb at, 123; treachery of dervishes at, 124
=Castle Tornese=, difficulty of approach to, 88; market at, 88
=Castles=, the (see =Abydos= and =Sestos=)
=Cephalonia=, good wine made at, 91
=Cerigo=, birthplace of Helen of Troy, 26
=Cervi=, old Greek peasant at, 131; description of, 132; treachery of mountaineers on, 133; encounter with ruffians on, 134-5; four seamen taken prisoners on, 135
=Ceuta=, pleasant situation of, 12
=Chabbey=, Eusine, entertains Covel, 139
=Chalcedon=, lighthouse at, 168
=Chalcis= (see =Chalki=), monastery at, 281; Panagiotes, dragoman, buried at, 281; Sir Edward Barton, ambassador, his tomb at, xi, 281
=Chancie=, Mr., surgeon on board the _Hector_, 13; goes on shore at Algiers, 13; lands at Scandaroon, 28
=Charles II=, letter to, from the Kaimacham, 150; from Mahomed IV, 151
=Chiorloo= (see =Tchorlou=)
=Chios=, an English consul established at, in 1513, v; Dallam lands at, 43; description of, 44; curiosity of people of, 45; food not to be bought on Sunday in, 45; dress of women of, 46; William Aldridge, English consul at, 46
=Chora=, great fertility of, 53
=Chorlaye= (=Chorley=), village in Lancashire, 84
=Church=, plottings in the Greek, 150
=Circumcision= performed on Prince Mustapha, 207; on 2,000 youths, 209
=Company’s Chancellor=, the (see =Cook=, Mr.)
=Conisbye=, Humfrey, is in attendance during the presentation of the organ, 66; fords a river on horseback, 85; is about to cut off a Jew’s head, 86; is restrained by Sir Paul Pindar, 86; regrets that he did not see the fire-ball, 87; drives away watermen at Zante, 90
=Constantinople=, Sir Edward Barton, first resident ambassador at, x; Dallam arrives at, 57; the _Hector’s_ salute on reaching, 59; Feast of Bairam at, 64; Covel arrives at, 144; great mist at, 162; Jacob’s tomb near, 173; the plague at, 246
=Cook=, Mr., secretary, receives no present and is offended, 196; is present at the audience banquet, 261; enters the audience chamber with Finch, 265
=Corojecui=, village near Adrianople, 249; house of Mahomet IV at, 249
=Corposans=, or phantom lights, 126
=Courtesy= of Turks to Franks during the solemnities, 205, 212
=Covel, Dr. John=, profuse writings of, xxvi; his knowledge of Turkish music, xxvii; biographical account of, xxvii-xxxiii; his portrait at Cambridge, xxviii; poem by, xxviii; appointed chaplain to Sir Daniel Harvey, xxix; appointed chaplain to the Princess of Orange at the Hague, xxix; sent home in disgrace, xxx; his book, _The Interpreter of Words and Terms_, xxx; disputes with Dr. Arnold, xxxi; his book on the Greek Church, xxxi; his death, xxxii; starts for Constantinople, 101; takes his passage on the _London Merchant_, 102; passes the Land’s End, 102; is attacked by sea-sickness, 102; dines on board the _Turkey Merchant_, 104; lands at Malaga, 107; visits the cathedral, 107; converses with the priests at Malaga, 108; is entertained by Rev. Father of San Domingo in Malaga, 109; meets English-speaking gentleman in Malaga, 110; is asked for presents, 111; spends a night at Malaga, 115; leaves Malaga, 117; dines on board the _Martin_, 117; arrives at Tunis, 119; visits Carthage, 121; leaves Tunis, 125; sees a corposan, 128; lands at Cervi, 131; meets old Greek peasant at, 131; enters the Archipelago, 138; arrives at Smyrna, 139; entertained by Eusine Chabbey, a Turk, 139; starts for Ephesus, 141; leaves Smyrna, 142; is attacked with ague, 142; enters the Hellespont, 143; arrives at Constantinople, 144; visits Sir Daniel Harvey, 144; his illness, 148; is entertained by dervishes, 153; visits castle at the mouth of the Hellespont, 154; accompanies Sir Daniel Harvey’s body to Smyrna, 154; arrives at Mitiline, 154; puts Sir Daniel Harvey’s body on board the _Centurion_ at Smyrna, 155; dines on board the _Centurion_, 155; runs ashore at Tenedos, 156; is invited to dine with the Patriarch of Constantinople, 158; attends sermon at St. Francesco’s, 159; sees Demetrius Simon wash the feet of the brothers, 159; visits vaults under St. Sophia, 170; leaves Pera, 172; doubts accuracy of maps of Ortelius, Ptolemy, Sansoin, etc., 173, 176; arrives at Ponte piccolo, 174; at Ponte grande, 177; at Tchorlou, 180; at Karitchtran, 183; at Lule Bourgas, 184; at Eski-Baba, 186; at Hafsa, 187; at Adrianople, 189; accompanies Finch in his audience with Achmet Kiuprili, 194; receives a vest from Achmet Kiuprili, 196; present at solemnities, 205, 212; discovers the tricks of an Arab juggler, 221; his adventure during the fireworks, 226; accompanies Marin Caboga to the solemnities, 226; is well treated during the solemnities, 240; his dog desired by the Vizier’s aga, 241; goes to Caragatch to avoid the plague, 242; visits Corojecui, 249; visits Ortacui, 252; dines with the Marquis de Nointel, 255; caught in severe storm near Ortacui, 256; sits at the Dafterdar’s table at the audience banquet, 261; is disappointed of entering the audience chamber, 265; leaves Adrianople, 274; visits Missinli, 275; travels with tents on account of the plague, 274; goes to Erekli by sea-shore, 275; visits the baths at Brusa, 278; his curiosities, 280; visits Nicomedia, 280; visits Nicæa, 281; leaves Constantinople, 282; his birthday, 282; embarks on the _Alloy_ for England, 282; visits Chios, 285; visits Venice, 286; crosses Italy and France to England, 286; reaches London, 286
=Crowe=, Sir S., ambassador at Constantinople, xxiii, xlii; his goods confiscated by Parliament, xxiii; imprisons English factors, xxiii; superseded by Sir J. Bendish and impeached by the Levant Company, xxiii
=Cyprus=, description of, 28
=Cythera= (see =Cerigo=)
=Dafterdar=, the, or High Treasurer, his tents, 168; proxy for the bridegroom, 230; present at the audience banquet, 261
=Dallam=, George, son of Thomas, his addition to the organ in Hereford Cathedral, xix
=Dallam=, Ralph, son of Thomas, organs constructed by, xviii, xix
=Dallam=, Robert, son of Thomas, organs constructed by, xviii; monument to, at Oxford, xviii
=Dallam=, Thomas, makes an organ to be sent to Sultan Mahomed III, xv; biographical notice of, xvi; organs constructed by, xvii, xviii; his baggage, 1; leaves London, 4; goes on board the _Hector_ at Gravesend, 4; arrives at Dover, at Deal, and at Sandwich, 5; enters Dartmouth harbour, 6; waits at Plymouth for wind, 7; enters the Mediterranean Sea, 11; passes Tarifa, 11; passes Marbella, Malaga, and Salobreña, 12; arrives at Algiers, 13; questioned by king at Algiers, 15; passes Dellys, Bougie, and Tunis, 16; passes Sicily and Malta, 17; arrives at Zante, 18; passes through quarantine before entering, 19; desires to ascend mountain at Zante, 20; visits monastery on mount Scopo, 21; is well treated at monastery, 22, 23; pays a second visit to monastery, 25; departs from Zante, 26; passes by the Strophades, 26; passes by Candia, 26; sees the coast of Caramania, 27; lands at Scandaroon, 28; threatened by mountaineers at Scandaroon, 29; startled by large snake at Scandaroon, 30; visits Jonah’s Pillar, 32; passes by Castellorosso, 33; plays on the virginals to governor of Rhodes, 35; lands at Rhodes and visits the town, 35; leaves Rhodes, 39; enters Ægean Sea, 40; goes on shore at Chios, 43; visits the Consul of Chios, 44; entertained by Consul of Chios, 45; lands at Troy, 47; lands on Cape Janissary, 49; takes piece of white marble pillar from Troy, 49; enters the Hellespont, 50; leaves the _Hector_ and goes on board the ambassador’s boat, 50; arrives at Gallipoli, 51; is entertained by the consul, 51; buys half a sheep at Gallipoli, 51; arrives at Ganos, 53; goes ashore at Erekli, 57; is well entertained, 57; lands at Selibria, 57; arrives at Constantinople, 57; takes organ to ambassador’s house, 58; sets to work to put it together, 58; moves it to the seraglio, 61; begged to remain at Constantinople, 64; must expect nothing from Sultan Mahomed, 65; is called into the presence of Sultan Mahomed, 68; plays to Sultan Mahomed, 71; receives bag of sequins, 71; relates his adventures to Lello, 72; is begged to remain at the seraglio, 73; pretends he has wife and children in England, 73; is offered two wives by Sultan Mahomed, 73; is shown the riches of the seraglio, 74; watches Sultan Mahomed’s concubines at play, 74; is to be left in Constantinople to remove the organ, 76; runs for his life, 79; visits Adrianople, 81; is attacked with fever, 81; joins company bound for England, 81; leaves Constantinople, 82; passes by Troy, 82; is in danger of shipwreck at Lemnos, 82; reaches Volo, 83; lodges miserably at Lamia, 83; commences ascent of mountains of Parnassus, 83; reaches Lepanto, 85; lodges comfortably in the house of a Jew, 86; reaches Patras, 86; arrives at Castle Tornese, 88; crosses to Zante, 88; takes leave of dragoman Finche, 89; in quarantine at Zante, 89; meets the _Hector_ at Zante, 90; leaves Zante, 90; is becalmed between Malta and Sicily, 93; reaches Pantelaria, 93; passes Zembra and Porto Farina, 93; hears the cry of a mermaid in the Gulf of Lyons, 94; reaches Formentera, 94; is becalmed near Alicante, 94; passes Cape Palos and Cape de Gata, 94-5; is becalmed near Castel de Ferro, 95; lands in England, 98; travels to London, 98
=Dam=, Jaques von, Dutch consul at Smyrna, 140; his house at Sedjagui, 140
=Dancers= during the solemnities, 213; their dress, 213; their musical instruments, 214
=Dartmouth=, Dallam arrives at, 6
=Day=, Mr., Captain Wild’s lieutenant, pursues rogues on Cervi, 136
=Deal=, Dallam arrives at, 5
=Despotodagh=, visible from Hafsa, 187; mountain due west of Adrianople, 253
=Digby=, Sir Kenelm, quarrels with the Venetian admiral, xxxvii
=Dionysius=, Archbishop of Larissa, is consecrated Patriarch, 145; his quarrels with Parthenius, 145; is deposed, but returns to office, 145; sermon preached at his consecration, 148; flies to the French ambassador, 151
=Dover=, Dallam arrives at, 5; Dallam lands at, on his return, 98
=Dowry=, the bride’s, carried in the procession, 232
=Dumb men= in attendance on Mahomed III, 69
=Dunkirkers=, encounter with, 8; admiral of, comes on board the _Hector_, 9; declares himself to be a merchant, 10; is allowed to go by master of the _Hector_, 10
=Durham=, the Dallams’ organ at, xviii
=Dwarfs= in attendance on Mahomed III, 70
=Earlesman=, Mr., English consul at Tunis, 124; disagreement with, 124
=East India Company=, the, rise of, in the sixteenth century, ii; its controversies with the Levant Company, xxii
=Easter Eve=, great storm on, off the African coast, 16
_Edward Bonaventure_, the, sails in company with the _Hector_, 90
=Elizabeth=, Queen, desires alliance with Sultan Amurath III, vii; concludes charter-treaty, viii; begs assistance from Sultan Amurath III against the Spanish Armada, ix; her present to Sultana Safiye, x; sends an organ to Sultan Mahomed III, xv
=Ellis=, Edward, his mission to Constantinople, vii
=Elmo, St.=, fire of (see =Corposans=)
=Ephesus=, description of the road to, from Smyrna, 141
=Erekli=, the windmills at, 57; Dallam well entertained at, 57; the Bishop of, at the consecration of Dionysius, 147; monument to the dead near, 275; description of, 276; Sta. Gluceria’s tomb at, 276; Wych, Edward, buried at, 277; St. George’s Church at, 277; windmills near, 277
=Ereklidia= (see =Relezea=)
=Eski-Baba=, tomb in St. Nicholas’ Church at, 186; bridge at, 186; point of divinity discussed at, 186; aqueduct being built at, 187; monument to the dead near, 187
=Etna=, Mount, description of, 17
=Euripides=, his opinion quoted by Covel, 133
=Eyre=, Sir John, ambassador at Constantinople, xlii
=Faightes=, or fightes, use of, 8, 97
=Favourite=, the (see =Moutessarif=)
=Feast of the Assumption= observed by the Greeks, 144
=Felton=, John, dies on board the _Hector_, 47
=Fez=, the King of, visits Dallam at work, 58
=Finch=, Sir John, ambassador at Constantinople, xxxii, xlii; obtains capitulation during the plague at Adrianople, xxxii; biographical account of, xxxii; friendship with Thomas Baines, xxxii; death, xxxiii; travels in double horse litter, or takt-i-rovan, 171; beacons placed by tent of, 171; his coach, 172; lodges at the college in Ponte piccolo, 175; his reception at Adrianople, 189; his miserable lodgings at, 190; his audience with Achmet Kiuprili, 195; is presented with a vest by Achmet Kiuprili, 196; is visited by Count Kindsberg, 197; attends none of the solemnity sights, 227; presents a mastiff to Mahomed IV, 238; goes to Caragatch to avoid the plague, 242; returns to Adrianople, 242; his audience with Mahomed IV, 257; shares table with Kiuprili at the audience banquet, 260; enters the audience chamber, 264; promises Covel that he shall enter the audience chamber, 265; does not exchange a word with Mahomed IV at audience, 266; his interview with Kiuprili respecting the capitulations, 273; leaves Adrianople, 274; lives outside Constantinople on account of the plague, 278; embarks on the _Alloy_ for England, 282
=Finche=, a dragoman, his fidelity, 84; takes leave of the English company, 89
=Fire-ball= seen in the Morea, 87
=Fireworks= during the solemnities, 222-224
=Foot-ball=, antiquity of the game of, 87
=Foret=, Sieur, obtains a capitulation for the French, iv
=Formentera= inhabited by banished men, 94; murdered man found at, 94
=Francis I= of France concludes a capitulation with Sultan Solyman I, iv
=Franks= well treated by Turks during the solemnities, 205, 212
=French=, the, obtain a capitulation, iv
=French Ambassador=, the (see =Brèves= and =Nointel=)
=Friends= taken for enemies, 130
=Galata=, Dervish Mustapha at, 168; music of the dervishes at, 169; Tekies, or monasteries at, 169; Arzéh Mahmet Effendi buried at, 169; Ismèl Effendi buried at, 169; the vaults under Sta. Sophia at, visited by Covel, 170
=Gallipoli=, the consul at, a friar, 50; comes on board the _Hector_, 50; Dallam lands at, 51; Covel arrives at, 143
=Ganos=, wretched accommodation at, 53; much vermin at, 54; a garter taken for a serpent at, 55; disturbed night at, 56
=Garret=, Stephen and William, original members of the Levant Company, viii
=Genoese=, the, obtain capitulations, iii
=Ghosts=, belief of the Greeks in, 257
=Gibraltar=, description of, 11, 106; heat on entering the Straits of, 12; many whales near, 96
=Giole-babba=, lake at Corojecui, 249
=Glover=, Sir Thomas, ambassador at Constantinople, xx, xlii; meets the organ in the Hellespont, 50; makes restitution to Greeks, 52; is in attendance during the presentation of the organ, 66
=Grand Seignor= (see =Mahomed=)
=Grand Vizier= (see =Kiuprili=)
_Great Susan_, the, ship sent to the Levant, viii
=Greek= and Roman churches, the, compared, 150
_Greenwich_, the, convoy vessel, 101; formerly commanded by Sir Thos. Allen, 101
=Grerách basha=, chief surgeon to Mahomed IV, 206; circumcises Prince Mustapha, 207; his character, 208
=Gyllius, P.=, his accuracy doubted by Covel, 173
=Hafsa=, called Capsia by Ortelius, 187; description of, 187; Mount Despotodagh visible from, 187
=Hale, Edmund=, a coachman, accompanies Dallam to monastery at Zante, 20; foolish behaviour of, in chapel, 23; would not eat or drink at monastery, 24
=Harebone=, William, his mission to Constantinople, vii; first ambassador from England to the Ottoman Porte, viii, xlii; assisted by Sokolli Vizier and Seadedin, historian, viii
=Harvey=, Sir Daniel, ambassador at Constantinople, xlii, 144; his death, 154; his body taken to Smyrna, 154; his body put on board the _Centurion_, 155
=Harvie=, John, lands at Scandaroon, 28; visits Jonah’s Pillar, 33; accompanies Dallam to the seraglio for the presentation of the organ, 66; lands in England with Dallam, 98
=Hawking= in Asia, 240
=Hayward=, captain of the _Plymouth_, xxiv
_Hector_, the, the master of, warned of Dunkirkers, 7; allows them to depart, 10; gives chase to a ship, 17; master of, receives presents, 17; lets ship go, 18; boards a Marseilles vessel, 18; master of, refuses to land passenger at Candia, 27; carries him to Cyprus, 27; the French consul at Aleppo dines on board, 31; anchors off Rhodes, 34; Turks of Rhodes come on board, 34; captain of, makes a present of cloth to the deputy governor of Rhodes, 35; captain of, and merchants land at Rhodes to demand Mr. Mayo, 38; runs aground on the coast of Samos, 42; chased by galleys off Samos, 42; disobliging ways of captain of, 44; accosted by Turkish frigates, 47; meets Turkish fleet, 48; captain of, gives tobacco to captain of Turkish galley, 49; suspicion of plague on board, 51; arrives at the Seven Towers near Constantinople, 57; salutes Sultan Mahomed, 59; carpenter of, killed by sound of the guns, 59; sailor killed by explosion in gun, 60; inspected by Sultan Mahomed, 60; inspected by Sultana Safiya, 60; takes up Dallam at Zante, 90; seizes a Maltese wheat ship, 92; and the rest of the company fight two men of war, 97
=Hellespont=, the two castles at the mouth of the, 154
=Heraclea= (see =Erekli=)
=Heraclissa= (see =Relezea=)
=Hercules=, Pillars of (see =Abyla= and =Calpe=)
=Hill=, Captain John, of the _London Merchant_, 101; his competency, and kindness to Covel, 102; his friendship with a nun at Malaga, 112; his quarrel with a Roman Catholic, 113; is present at the embarkation of Sir Daniel Harvey’s body, 155
_Holy Cross_, the, makes a voyage to Crete and Chios, v
=Hungary=, Mahomed III’s wars in, xi
=Huntingdon=, Mr., converses with priests at Malaga, 108
=Hyet=, Mr., the oldest merchant in Adrianople, is present at the audience banquet, 261; enters the audience chamber with Sir John Finch, 265
=Ibrahim=, basha, General of the Turkish army, constructor of the aqueduct at Eski-Baba, 186
=Ibrahim=, vizier, his controversy with Brèves, 80; account of, 80 _n._
=Ilderim=, a suburb of Adrianople, 248
=Iman=, or learned man, speaks the prayers in the Mosque, 211
=Ishék-cui=, village, origin of the name of, 251
=Iviza=, a strong castle at, 94; present of goats and fruit from, 94
=Jacob’s= tomb near Constantinople, 173
=Jamovary=, town near Smyrna, description of, 141
=Janizaries=, the, wear no weapons at festivals, 199; feed on bread and pilau, 250
=Jebbatore= (see =Gibraltar=)
=Jemoglans= try to persuade Dallam to remain at Constantinople, 64, 73, 77, 80; friendly behaviour of, 78; show Dallam kiosk for the organ, 78
=Jenkinson=, Anthony, goes to Aleppo, v
=Job’s Tomb=, mausoleum near Constantinople, 173
=John the Quaker=, ill-treatment of, at Constantinople, xxv
_John and Francis_, the, carries Turks and Jews to Alexandria, 93
=Jonah’s Pillar= visited by Dallam, 33; samphire growing on, 33
=Judas=, meetings to shoot at the figure of, 158
=Jüpe=, origin of name, 173; Mahomed the Bosnian buried at, 187
=Kaimacham=, the, his letter to Charles II, 150
=Kalenderis=, a sect of dervishes, 153
=Karakongilas=, or =Kalkagari=, evil spirits believed in by the Greeks, 257
=Kara-Mustapha=, successor to Kiuprili, 282
=Karitchtran=, description of, 183
=Kerington=, Captain, of the _Levant Merchant_, 101
=Khanoum-cui=, town near Caragatch, 247
=Khavsa= (see =Hafsa=)
=Khiderleh=, seraglio near Caragatch, 248; or St. George, Covel’s view of origin of name, 248
=Kimolos=, a halting port for ships, 138
=Kindsberg=, Count Giovanni Christophoro, German ambassador at Adrianople, visits Sir John Finch, 197; notice of, 197; his belief in gold found in grapes, 198
=King’s College=, Cambridge, organ at, constructed by Dallam, xvii
=Kinnekleh= (see =Sinekly=)
=Kiuprili=, Achmet, vizier, his success in war, xxv; wins Crete for the Turks, 161; description of his tent, 167; his audience with Sir John Finch, 195; personal description of, 195; his death, 195 _n._; presents vests to English embassy, 196; goes to Sultan Selim’s mosque on Prince Mustapha’s birthday, 205; notice of, 205 _n._; makes monthly payments before the audience, 259; shares table with Finch at the audience banquet, 260; his death, 267; his interview with Finch respecting the capitulations, 273
=Kiuprili=, the viziers, men of great ability, xxiv
=Knill=, John, death of, on board the _Hector_, 41
=Knolles=, the historian, referred to, 206
=Koomburgas=, town near Silivri, 179
=Kos=, or =Lango=, description of, 40
=Kuzleraga=, the, proxy for the bride, 230
=Lamberte=, Mr., leaves Ganos for Constantinople, 57
=Lamia=, or =Zeitoun=, miserable accommodation at, 83; danger of living in, 83
=Land’s End=, distance of, from Scandaroon, 3
=Lango=, or =Kos=, description of, 40
_Lanneret_, the pinnace to the _Hector_, 5; is lost in a storm, 5; is run ashore at Falmouth, 6; is recovered at Plymouth, 6
=Lello=, Henry, ambassador at Constantinople, xlii; succeeds Sir E. Barton, xii; his quarrel with the French ambassador, xii; his letter to Sir Robert Cecil, xii-xv; has room built for organ, 58; his instructions to Dallam, 64; is in attendance during the presentation of organ, 66; gives entertainment on board the _Hector_, 73; his kindness to Dallam, 77; dismisses Dallam’s dragoman for having deserted him, 79; forbids Dallam to work on Sunday, 80; is unwilling that Dallam should leave, 81
=Lemnos=, great storm off, 82; regained from the Venetians, 283; sacred earth of, 283; prepared for use at Hagiapate, 284; some given to Covel by Agathone, 284; authorities respecting, 285
=Leo Africanus= quoted as an authority by Covel, 124
=Lepanto=, Dallam arrives at, 84; description of, 85; ingenious watermills at, 85; much fruit grown at, 85
=Leslie=, Walter de, German ambassador to the Porte, 197
=Levant Company=, rise of, in sixteenth century, ii, vii, x; first charter, viii; original members of, viii; sends out its first ship, viii; second charter, ix; letters patent granted to, by James I, xx; monopoly of, clearly established, xxi; crest and arms of, xxi; controversies with East India Company, xxii; privileges granted to, xxii; impeaches Sir S. Crowe, xxiii; strict regulations of, xxiii; petitions Parliament against East India Company, xxxvi; prosperity of, in eighteenth century, xxxvii; loses money through quarrel of Sir Kenelm Digby and the Venetian admiral, xxxvii; charter remodelled by Parliament, xxxviii; builds many consulates, xxxviii; builds embassy at Constantinople, xxxviii; British Government assumes much of the work of, xxxix; dissolved, xxxix; excellent work done by, xl
_Levant Merchant_, the, vessel bound for Smyrna, 101
=Levantine= families in Turkish empire, origin of, xxxv
=Livy= quoted as authority by Covel, 121
=Lixure=, a town of Cephalonia, 91
=Locke=, Michael, consul at Aleppo, ix; founds factory at Aleppo, ix
=London=, fog in, 287
_London Merchant_, the, bound for Smyrna and Constantinople, 101; Covel takes his passage in, 102; has a collision with the _Pearl_, 106; runs aground in the Hellespont, 143
=Lucian=, his knowledge of corposans, 127
=Lukium=, or =Lookioom=, mortar, how made, 182
=Lule-Bourgas=, 183; monument of the dead near, 184; description of town of, 184; tobacco-pipe heads made at, 184; mill at, 185; description of the country near, 185; industry of the Greeks at a village near, 185
=Lyons=, Gulf of, the cry of a mermaid heard in, 94
=Mahomed III=, Sultan, succeeds his father Amurath III, x; notice of, x; puts nineteen of his brothers to death, xi, 62 _n._; his letter to Queen Elizabeth, xi; inspects the _Hector_, 60; goes to visit his mother, 60; description of his attendants, 69; offers Dallam two wives, if he will stay, 73; description of his concubines, 74; forbids the departure of the _Hector_, 75; and his concubines visit kiosk, 79; desires to see Dallam at work, 80
=Mahomed IV=, a weak man, xxiv; description of his tents, 163; dress of his attendants, 199; desires actors from Venice to attend circumcision solemnities, 202; goes to Sultan Selim’s mosque on Prince Mustapha’s birthday, 205; description of, 206; his love of hunting, 207; notice of, 207; attends festivities in honour of his daughter’s marriage, 208; receives daily presents, 208; attends sports at the Mosaif’s house, 237; personal appearance of, 240; goes to Ak-bonar to avoid the plague, 248; his seraglio at Khiderleh, 248; his house at Corojecui, 249; his audience with Sir John Finch, 257
=Mahomed= the Bosnian (known as Sokolli) assists Sir W. Harebone in obtaining capitulations, viii; story of his son, 184, 185; buried at Jüpe, 187; repaired many bridges, and built many mosques, 187, 188; was vizier for forty years, 188
=Mahomet=, Vizierarem (see =Mahomed= the Bosnian)
=Malaga=, Covel lands at, 107; description of the cathedral at, 107; young man hesitates to enter cathedral at, 107; convent of Sta. Victoria at, 108; convent of San Domingo at, 109; convent of San Domingo at, picture in, 110; Lord Baltimore’s daughter in convent at, 111; life in convents at, 111; Captain Hill’s friendship with a nun at, 112; his quarrel with a Roman Catholic at, 113; foundling hospital at, 114; ordinary diet at, 114; prices of food at, 115; vermin at, 115; description of, 117
=Malta= in the hands of the Knights of Rhodes, 17
=Maras=, a town near Caragatch, 247; healing earth at, 247
=Maritza=, course of the river, 250
=Martel=, Monsieur, his squadron by Tunis and Tripoli, 117
_Mary and Martha_, the, bound for Smyrna, 101
_Matthew Gonson_, the, makes a voyage to Crete and Chios, v
=Maunday Thursday=, observance of, 156
=Maurocordato=, Dr. Alexander, Kiuprili’s dragoman, attends Dr. Covel in his illness, 149; is present at the audience, 259, 263; has the impudence to sit by Sir John Finch, 264; account of, 272; gives statistics of the plague, 273
=Maye=, Mr. Chaplain, taken prisoner at Rhodes, 37; ill-treatment of, at Rhodes, 38; is restored to the merchants, 39; goes on board the ambassador’s boat, 50
=Mediterranean=, Dallam enters the, 11
=Mermaid=, the cry of one heard, 94
=Mestages=, or fire carriers, 171, 172
=Methodius= brought out by Parthenius, 145
=Michel=, Waivode of Moldavia, built a bridge at Adrianople, 249; notice of, 249 _n._
=Mist= at Constantinople, 162
=Monuments= to the dead at Lule-Bourgas, 184; near Hafsa, 187
=Morea=, 86; the weather very hot in the, 87; desolate country in the, 87
=Mortar=, preparation of (see =Lukium=)
=Mosaif= (see =Moutessarif=)
=Moscovy Company=, the, rise of, in the sixteenth century, ii
=Moutessarif=, the, sub-governor of a province, favourite of Mahomed IV, 167; description of his tent, 167; in the circumcision procession, 200; solemnities in honour of his marriage, 208; his present to the bride, 227; his marriage, by proxy, with the daughter of Mahomed IV, 230; sports at his house, 237
=Muctary=, Turkish town near Lule-Bourgas, 185
=Mufti=, the chief lawyer, his tent, 167; is visited by Sir John Finch, 267; description of, 267
=Musical Instruments=, description of, 211
=Mustapha=, first Turkish envoy to England, xi; his mention of Sir E. Barton, xi
=Mustapha=, dervish, at Galata, 168
=Mustapha=, Prince, solemnities in honour of his circumcision, 198; notice of, 198 _n._; magnificent horse trappings of, 202; his personal appearance, 203; his dress, 203; is circumcised, 207
=My Lord= (see =Harvey=, Sir Daniel); (see =Finch=, Sir John)
=My Lord’s Secretary= (see =Carpenter=, Mr.)
=Naculs=, paper pyramids, carried in processions, 200, 228, 233; description of, 201
=Natalis Comes= quoted as an authority by Covel, 127
=Nicæa=, description of, 281
=Nischardji-baschi=, or Secretary of State, 258; and at audience banquet, 261
=Nointel=, Marquis de, favours union of Eastern and Western Churches, xxxi; celebrates Mass in the cave of Antiparos, xxxi; entertains Covel, 255; exposes a Turkish soothsayer, 255
=North=, Sir Dudley, goes to Smyrna, xxxiv; his frugality and energy, xxxiv; is appointed treasurer to the Levant Company, xxxv; his account of the _avanias_, xxxv; remains in Adrianople during the plague, 244; is present at the audience banquet, 261; enters the audience chamber with Sir John Finch, 265
=North=, Montagu, of Aleppo, joins his brother Dudley at Constantinople, xxxiv
=Organ=, made by Dallam, xv; taken to ambassador’s house, 58; greatly injured by voyage, 58; put together in Lello’s house, 60; viewed by Turkish officials, 60; moved to the seraglio, 61; presented to Sultan Mahomed IV, 67; description of, 67
=Orta-cui=, village near the Arda, 252; description of, 252; good fish at, 253; houses built of wood at, 253; prosperity of inhabitants of, 254; manner of threshing at, 254; severe storm near, 256
=Ortelius=, his accuracy doubted by Covel, 173, 176, 178
=Paget=, Lord, ambassador at Constantinople, xlii
=Pain=, Captain, of the _Speedwell_, 101
=Panagiotes=, dragoman to Kiuprili, account of, 281; his tomb at Chalki, 281
=Parnassus=, hills of, bad weather on, 83; danger of travelling on, 84; village women go barefoot on, 84
=Parthenius= disobliges many Greek Metropolitans, 145; abolishes temporary unions of Greek women with Turks, 145
=Partridge=, Captain, of the _Turkey Merchant_, 101; declines to enter Tunis, 119; his want of courtesy towards Captain Robinson, 129
=Passaro=, Cape, great storm at, 93
=Patras=, description of, 86
=Patriarch=, the, his manner of blessing, 159 (see =Dionysius= and =Parthenius=)
=Paulo=, a Greek, laughs at the miracles of Sta. Victoria, 108
_Pearl_, the, bound for Smyrna, 101; has a collision with the _London Merchant_, 106
=Pentloe=, Mr., case of, xxxvi; Mrs., is seized by the Turkish Government, xxxvi
=Pickering=, Dr., physician to the factory at Smyrna, 142; is caught in a storm near Orta-cui, 256; is present at the audience banquet, 261
=Pigeons=, letters carried by, from Aleppo to Scandaroon, 32
=Pindar=, Sir Paul, ambassador at Constantinople, xxi, xlii; secretary to Sir Henry Lello, 63; brings present to Sultana Safiye, 63; mention of, 63 _n._; is in attendance during the presentation of organ, 66; fords a river on horseback, 85; prevents Conisby from attacking a Jew, 86
=Pisans=, the, obtain capitulations, iii
=Pliny= quoted as an authority by Covel, 116, 121, 122, 126
_Plymouth_, the, accident to, between Chios and Psara, 286
=Plymouth=, Dallam arrives at, 6
=Polybius= quoted as an authority by Covel, 121
=Ponte grande=, description of road to, 177; pleasure-garden near, 177; description of, 177; bridges at, 178; dirty condition of lake at, 178; villages near, 179
=Ponte piccolo=, description of, 174; college at, 175; bridges at, 176; Greek villages near, 176
=Porpoises= come about the ship, 11; near the coast of Spain, 96
=Porte=, the, list of ambassadors to, xlii
=Porter=, Sir James, his work on the policy and government of the Turkish people, xl
=Present=, the (see =Organ=)
=Quaker=, John the, ill-treatment of, at Constantinople, xxv
=Ragusa=, the earthquake at, 193
=Ragusan Ambassador=, the (see =Caboga=, Marin)
_Rebecca_, the, takes leave of the company, 96; returns pursued by men-of-war, 97
=Rejoicings= at the birth of a prince, 152
=Relezea=, or =Ereklidia=, encounter with Greeks at, 51; description of the governor of, 52
=Rhodes=, the Knights of, at Malta, 17; description of the island of, 34; deputy governor of the town of, visits the _Hector_, 34; Dallam lands at, 35; description of the town of, 35, 39; ill-treatment of Mr. Maye at, 38; covetousness of the deputy governor of, 39
=Rhodope= (see =Despotodagh=)
=Ricaut=, Sir Paul, secretary to Lord Winchilsea, v; consul at Smyrna, vi, 140, 155; his book on Greek and Armenian Churches, vi; and on the state of the Turkish Empire, vi, xl, 140; his book on the capitulations, xxiv; entertains Covel at his house at Sedjagui, 140; quoted as an authority, 70 _n._, 145, 153, 228, 252 _n._; his boat at the embarkation of Sir Daniel Harvey’s body, 155
=Rimbault=, Dr., his authority quoted, xvi
=Ritz=, Valentine, his portrait of Covel, xxviii
=Robinson=, Captain, of the _Greenwich_, Admiral of the convoy, 101; tells the news to the sailors, 103; dines on board the _London Merchant_, 104, 117; gives instructions in case of encountering enemies, 117; doubts as to his genuineness, 118; is offended with Mr. Earlesman, 125; takes his leave, 128
=Roe=, Sir T., ambassador at Constantinople, xxi, xlii
=Roles=, Captain Dier, of the _Mary and Martha_, 101
=Roman= and Greek churches compared, 150
=Roman Catholics=, many in Adrianople, 210
=Rope-walking=, very remarkable, 238, 239; accident during, 239
=Rushout=, Sir James, ambassador at Constantinople, xlii
=Sacred earth= of Lemnos, 283, 284, 285
=Safiye=, Sultana, Queen Elizabeth’s present to, x; mother of Mahomed III, x; inspects the _Hector_, 60; receives Sir Henry Lello’s present, 63; is pleased with Sir Paul Pindar, 63
=Sailors=, the, entertain the officers and passengers, 104; their custom of ducking, 105, 106
=Salter=, Mr., receives no present, and is offended, 196
=Samos=, birthplace of Pythagoras, 40; terror of inhabitants of, at the sight of the _Hector_, 40; captain of, brings present to the _Hector_, 41; millet grown on island of, 41; the _Hector_ runs aground on the shores of, 42
=Sandwich=, Dallam arrives at, 5
=Santons=, or holy men, 153, 166
=Scandaroon=, halting port for vessels, x; distance of, from Land’s End, 3; Dallam lands at, 28; wild appearance of, 28; traces of ancient city at, 30; lizards on ruins of city at, 30; large snake at, 30; bad accommodation at, 31; letters carried to, from Aleppo by pigeons, 32; the _Hector_ leaves, 33
=Scopo=, hill at Zante, 20; monastery on, 21
=Scutari=, gardens at, 168
=Seadedin=, the historian, assists Sir W. Harebone to obtain capitulations, viii
=Sea-sickness=, Covel and other passengers attacked by, 102; treatment for, 103
=Sedjagui=, summer residence near Smyrna, 140; Sir Paul Ricaut’s house at, 140; Jaques von Dam’s house at, 140; opium eater at, 140
=Selibria= (see =Silivri=)
=Seneca= quoted as an authority by Covel, 121
=Seraglio=, the, description of, at Constantinople, 61, 63; gates kept shut in, 61; lovely gardens and fruit at, 62
=Sestos=, castle at the mouth of the Hellespont, 50, 82, 143, 154
=Shark=, a, follows the _Hector_, 95
=Sharpe=, Mr., leaves Ganos for Constantinople, 57
=Sicily=, description of, 17; communication by watch-tower lights in, 92
=Sikibaba=, Eski-Baba, so called by Ortelius, 186
=Silivri=, large melons grown at, 57; description of road to, from Ponte grande, 179; description of country near, 180
=Simon=, Demetrius, washes the feet of the brothers at St. Francisco’s, 159
=Sinekly=, Turkish town near Silivri, 181
=Sistos= (see =Sestos=)
=Smith=, Thomas, an original member of the Levant Company, viii
=Smyrna=, Sir Paul Ricaut consul at, vi; embarkation of Sir Daniel Harvey’s body at, 155
=Sokolli= (see =Mahomed= the Bosnian)
=Solemnities=, procession during the, 198; festivities during the, 208; fireworks during the, 213, 222-24; dancers, 213; actors, 215; plays acted, 216; acrobats, 216; jugglers, 220; wrestlers, 221
=Solyman I=, Sultan, concludes a capitulation with Francis I of France, iv
=Sophia=, Sta., at Galata, the vaults under, visited by Covel, 170
=Soorano= (see =Argostoli=)
_Speedwell_, the, bound for Smyrna and Constantinople, 101
=Spon= and =Wheeler=, their authority quoted, 142, 207, 279
=Sporca=, Sultana, account of, 160; the story of her dancing girl, 161
=Sposa=, the (see =Agazé=, Sultana)
=Sposo=, the (see =Moutessarif=)
=Stamboul= (see =Constantinople=)
=Stanco=, or =Kos=, description of, 40
=Staple=, Richard, his mission to Constantinople, vii
=Stoey=, Captain, of the _Pearl_, bound for Smyrna, 101
=Strabo= quoted as an authority by Covel, 121-122
=Straits of Gibraltar=, custom of ducking at the, 105
=Strophades=, the, monastery on, 26; no women on the island of, 26
=Sultan=, the (see =Amurath III=, =Mahomed III=, =Mahomed IV=, =Solyman I=)
=Superstitions= of the Turks, 255
=Surgeon=, the, of the _London Merchant_, and some gentlemen, injured in a storm, 104
_Susan_, the, in the harbour at Argostoli, 91
_Swallow_, the, in company with the _Hector_, 90
=Tarifa=, pleasant situation of, 11
=Tarrefe= (see =Tarifa=)
=Tarsus=, market at, 32
=Tchorlou=, or =Chiorlóo=, description of, 181; aqueduct at, 181; country near, 183
=Temple=, Mr., of Smyrna, brings wine on board the _Centurion_, 155; entertains Covel at his house, 156
=Tenedos=, Aga of, sends a present of fish, 142; Aga of, begs for glass bottles, 143; dress of the Greeks at, 156; no church at, 156
=Testerdore= (see =Dafterdar=)
_Thomas and Frances_, the, bound for Smyrna and Scandaroon, 101
=Timur=, origin of the name, 243
=Tobacco= presented to the captain of a galley, 49
=Tondja=, the river by Adrianople, 249; its course, 250
=Tooloonjés=, or police, keep order in the streets, 204, 212
=Tradesmen=, their procession during the solemnities, 232
=Troy=, Dallam visits, 49
=Trumbull=, Sir William, ambassador at Constantinople, xlii
=Trumpeter= left behind at Deal, 5
=Tunis=, the Turkish fleet at, 17; difficulties about entering, 119; Captain Partridge declines to enter, 119; abundance of provisions at, 120; fish at, 121; Mr. Earlesman, English consul at, 124; the _Martin_ left behind at, 125
=Turkey=, method of reckoning distance by navigators in, 171; discomforts of travelling in, 174; wretchedness of the buildings in, 179; manner of building tombs in, 187
_Turkey Merchant_, the, bound for Scandaroon, 101
=Turkey Merchants= (see =Levant Company=)
=Turks= renew capitulations granted by the Greeks, iii; trade by means of Greek vessels, iii; their civility to the Franks during the solemnities, 205, 212; their reverence at prayer time, 210; their fondness for wine, 245; their superstitions, 255; use no silver dishes, 263
=Vani-Effendi=, the preacher, notice of, 268; invites Sir Thomas Baines to visit him, 269; discusses matters of faith with Sir Thomas Baines, 269
=Varangians= (see =Warings=)
=Velutelli=, Acerbo, obtains patent for importing currants, vii
=Venetians=, the, obtain capitulations, iii; conduct the trade between the Levant and England, v; decline to sail in English seas, vi
=Venice=, the Baily of, at Constantinople, entertained by Sir Henry Lello, 73
=Vernon=, Mr., collects information in Turkey and Persia, 279
=Vice-Admiral= (see =Wild=, Captain)
=Virginals= taken on board the _Hector_ by Dallam, 4
=Vizier=, the (see =Ibrahim= and =Kiuprili=)
=Von Hammer=, his authority quoted, viii, xxix, 80, 145, 192
=Waist=, the, a portion of a ship, 103 _n._, 126
=Warings=, or =Varangians=, from Scandinavia, obtain capitulations, ii
=Watson=, Myghell, Dallam’s joiner, 20; accompanies him on expedition at Zante, 20; fright of, 20; remains hiding in a bush, 24; is ashamed of his cowardice, 24; accompanies Dallam to the seraglio for presentation of the organ, 66
=Whale-spawn= near the coast of Spain, 95
=Whales= come about the ship, 11; in calm water near Gibraltar, 96
=Wheeler=, Sir George, his authority quoted, xxvii, (see =Spon= and =Wheeler=)
=Wight=, the Isle of, wreck of Venetian argosy off, vi
=Wild=, Captain, of the _Assurance_, Vice-Admiral of the convoy, 102; dines on board the _London Merchant_, 104, 117, 129; gives signal to the fleet to prepare for fight, 129; at Smyrna, 155
=Winchilsea=, Earl of, ambassador at Constantinople, xxiv, xlii; obtains further capitulations from Vizier Kiuprili, xxiv
=Witches=, belief of Greeks in, 257
=Worcester Cathedral=, additions to the organ in, by Dallam, xvii
=Wrestlers= at the solemnities, 221
=Wych=, Edward, brother to Sir Peter, buried at Erekli, 277; Sir Peter, ambassador at Constantinople, xlii
=Zante=, description of, 18-19; is governed by the Duke of Venice, 19; fruit cultivation by Greeks in, 19; quarantine at, 19, 89; Dallam lands at, 20; monastery at, description of, 21; monastery at, chapel of, 23; monastery at, richly-attired women in, 23; many sweet flowers at, 24; monastery at, visited by merchants, 25; games at, 25-26; miserable weather at, 126; many earthquakes at, 126;
=Zeitoun= (see =Lamia=)
LONDON: CHAS. J. CLARK, 4, LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, W.C.
* * * * * *
Transcriber’s note:
With a text like this it’s best to err on the side of caution with regard to “mistakes”, and for the most part the spellings in the original printing have been maintained. A few exceptions to correct probable typesetting errors:
Page 14, “markeett” changed to “markett” (They have tow markett dayes in the weeke)
Page 20, “inhahite” changed to “inhabite” (those that did inhabite thare weare savidge men)
Page 23, “kenewe” changed to “knewe” (presently after I knewe they wear not)
Page 25, “bcause” changed to “because” (because I would not go againe)
Page 26, “pssinger” changed to “passinger” (an ould Jue That was a passinger in our ship)
Page 46, “se” changed to “we” (we should have bene muche better entertained)
Page 46, “Direcklly” changed to “Direcktly” (the wynde beinge Direcktly againste us)
Page 56, “oued” changed to “oned” (he who oned the house)
Page 69, “opemed” changed to “opened” (the Coppagaw opened that Dore)
Page 74, “grded” changed to “girded” (of other collors, and girded like a lace)
Page 78, “intrpreter” changed to “interpreter” (My interpreter folloed apase.)
Page 78, “grdens” changed to “gardens” (Beinge paste the gardens, we entred upon a faire grene)
Page 81, “hapemed” changed to “hapened” (it hapened that thar was good Company)
Page 89, “Cstell” changed to “Castell” (the water men which brought us from Castell Turneas)
Page 112, “kindesse” changed to “kindnesse” (very much kindnesse past between them)
Page 121, “Cathago” changed to “Carthago” (Jam seges est ubi magna stetit Carthago)
Page 125, “elven” changed to “eleven” (that night about eleven o’clock)
Page 131, “onr” changed to “our” (and then went on board our Admiral)
Page 140, duplicated word “name” removed (the right Turkish name is _Seghiahkioi_)
Page 164, “on” changed to “or” (golden balls or pots)
Page 241, “Merchauts” changed to “Merchants” (One of our Merchants and I were walking)
Page 272, “remaim” changed to “remain” (no Turke shall remain there to eternity)
Footnote 286, “Pau” changed to “Pan” (Homer, _Hymn to Pan_)
Index entry Janizaries, “pilan” changed to “pilau” (feed on bread and pilau)
Index entry Kinnekleh, “Ginekly” changed to “Sinekly” (see =Sinekly=)