Chapter 11

[1]Erland Nordenskiöld, _Modifications in Indian Customs Through Inventions and Loans_ (Comparative Ethnographical Studies, no. 8, 1930), 23-24.

[2]Nordenskiöld, “Origin of the Indian Civilizations in South America,” in _The American Aborigines_ (1933), 278.

[3]_Ibid._, 285.

[4]Robert H. Lowie, _The History of Ethnological Theory_ (1937), 165.

[5]Herbert J. Spinden, “The Origin and Distribution of Agriculture in America,” in _Source Book in Anthropology_ (1931), 228.

[6]Carl Sauer, “American Agricultural Origins,” in _Essays in Anthropology_, ed. R. H. Lowie (1936), 281.

[7]N. I. Vavilov, “Studies on the Origin of Cultivated Plants,” _Bulletin of Applied Botany_, vol 16, no. 2, pp. 218-219 (1926). S. M. Bukasov and others, “The Cultivated Plants of Mexico, Guatemala, and Colombia,” 47th Supplement to the _Bulletin of Applied Botany_, 1930. Other papers listed in Henry J. Bruman, “The Russian Investigations on Plant Genetics in Latin America and Their Bearing on Culture History,” _Handbook of Latin American Studies_ (1937), 287.

[8]Bruman, _op. cit._, 451.

[9]Sauer, _op. cit._, 288.

[10]Bruman, _op. cit._, 456.

[11]Richard S. MacNeish, “Agricultural Origins in Middle America and Their Diffusion into North America,” _Katunob_, vol. 1, no. 2 (1960), 29.

[12]Harold S. Gladwin, _Excavations at Snaketown_ (Medallion Papers, Gila Pueblo, no. 26, 1937), 2:79.

[13]Bruman, _op. cit._, 456-457.

[14]O. F. Cook, “Staircase Farms of the Ancients,” _National Geographic Magazine_, 29:513 (1916).

[15]P. C. Mangelsdorf and R. G. Reeves, _The Origin of Indian Corn and Its Relatives_ (Bulletin No. 574, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1939), 7.

[16]_Ibid._, 7.

[17]_Ibid._, 8, 7.

[18]Sauer, _op. cit._, 292.

[19]G. N. Collins, “The Phylogeny of Maize,” _Bulletin, Torrey Botanical Club_, 57:203 (1930).

[20]Bruman, _op. cit._, 457.

[21]Sylvanus G. Morley, _The Ancient Maya_ (1946), 386.

[22]MacNeish, _op. cit._, 27.

[23]Paul C. Mangelsdorf, “Ancestor of Corn,” _Science_, 128:1314 (1958).

[24]Paul C. Mangelsdorf and C. Earle Smith, Jr., “A Discovery of Primitive Maize in New Mexico,” _Journal of Heredity_, 40:39-43 (1949), and “New Archaeological Evidence on Evolution in Maize,” _Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets_, vol. 13, no. 8, 213-247 (Mar., 1949).

[25]Willard F. Libby, _Radiocarbon Dating_ (1955), 133.

[26]Junius Bird, “South American Radiocarbon Dates,” in _Radiocarbon Dating_ (Memoirs, Society for American Archaeology, vol. 17, no. 1, pt. 2, 1951), 48.

[27]Wm. Duncan Strong, ‘Finding the Tomb of a Warrior-God,” _National Geographic Magazine_, 91:464, 459 (1947). Junius B. Bird, “Preceramic Cultures in Chicama and Virú,” in _A Reappraisal of Peruvian Archaeology_ (Memoirs, Society for American Archaeology, vol. 13, no. 4, pt. 2, 1948), 28. Strong, “Cultural Epochs Refuse Stratigraphy in Peruvian Archaeology,” in _A Reappraisal of Peruvian Archaeology_, 99.

[28]Carl Sauer, personal communication, 1946.

[29]Oakes Ames, _Economic Annuals and Human Cultures_ (Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 1939), 92-93.

[30]Edgar Anderson, “What Is Zea Mays?” _Chronica Botanica_, 9:89-90 (1945).

[31]C. R. Stonor and Edgar Anderson, “Maize Among the Hill Peoples of Assam,” _Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden_, 36:355-404 (1949).

[32]Mangelsdorf, “Ancestor of Corn,” _Science_, 128:1313.