Chapter 1

[1]Alfred L. Kroeber, “Native American Population,” _American Anthropologist_, 36:24 (1934). Herbert J. Spinden, “The Population of Ancient America,” _Smithsonian Institution Annual Report for 1929_ (1930), 470.

[2]Nels C. Nelson, “The Antiquity of Man in America in the Light of Archaeology,” in _The American Aborigines_, ed. Diamond Jenness (1933), 97.

[3]Alfred L. Kroeber, _Anthropology_ (1923), 98.

[4]Franz Boas, “Relationships Between Northwest America and Northeast Asia,” in _The American Aborigines_, 367-368.

[5]John P. Harrington, personal communication, 1947, and “Southern Peripheral Athapaskawan Origins, Divisions, and Migrations,” _Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections_, 100:504 (1940).

[6]Edgar B. Howard, “An Outline of the Problem of Man’s Antiquity in North America,” _American Anthropologist_, 38:398 (1936).

[7]W. W. Howells, “The Origins of the American Indian Race Types,” _The Maya and Their Neighbors_ (1940), 5.

[8]Albrecht Penck, “Wann kamen die Indianer nach Nordamerika?” _Proceedings, 23rd International Congress of Americanists_ (1930), 23-30.

[9]Kroeber, _Anthropology_, 336-339.

[10]Clark Wissler, “Ethnological Diversity in America and Its Significance,” in _The American Aborigines_, 188.