BOOK IV

NORMAN LONDON

1. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR 249

2. DOMESDAY BOOK 262

3. WILLIAM RUFUS 272

4. HENRY I. 275

5. THE CHARTER OF HENRY I. 279

6. STEPHEN 289

7. FITZSTEPHEN THE CHRONICLER 301

8. THE STREETS AND THE PEOPLE 321

9. SOCIAL LIFE 337

10. A NORMAN FAMILY 345

APPENDICES

1. THE RIVER EMBANKMENT 351

2. THE RIVERSIDE DISCOVERIES 353

3. STRYPE ON ROMAN REMAINS 356

4. THE CLAPTON SARCOPHAGUS 361

5. 363

INDEX 365

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

King Edgar adoring the Saviour _Frontispiece_

Geological Map of the Site 7

Statues of King Lud and his two Sons, Androgeus and Theomantius 19

The Marshes of Early London 25

Side of Font, East Meon Church, Hampshire 36

Side of Font, East Meon Church, Hampshire 37

Offa being invested with Spurs 39

An Archer 42

Figures reconstructed from Ancient Clothes and Remains found in a Bog 43

Figures in Wood at Wooburn in Buckinghamshire, supposed to represent Itinerant Masons 45

Pavement before the Altar of the Prior’s Chapel at Ely 49

Statue of a Roman Warrior found in a Bastion of the London Wall 58

Roman Knife-handle—Figure of Charioteer, Bronze 60

Carausius 61

A Sea Fight 66

Tomb of Valerius Amandinus (A Roman General) 67

Coffin Lids found in London 71

Bronze Roman Lamp found in Cannon Street 75

Method of Swathing the Dead 77

Dow Gate 79

Tessellated Pavement 81

Roman Sandals taken from the Bed of the Thames 89

The Laconicum, or Sweating Bath 90

Tessellated Pavement 91

Roman Roads radiating from London 93

Roman Altar to Diana found in St. Martin’s-le-Grand 95

Roman Bath, Strand Lane 97

Roman Antiquities found in London, 1786 101

Roman London 102

Statuettes of Roman Deities 103

Roman Sepulchral Stone found at Ludgate by Sir Christopher Wren 107

Roman Statue discovered at Bevis Marks 108

Roman Antiquities found in London in 1786 109

Roman Remains found in a Bastion of London Wall 113

Roman Arch, London Wall 122

A Ship 126

An Anglo-Saxon Warrior _Facing_ 136

Ancient Copper Bowl found in Lothbury 138

The Ark 142

King and Courtiers 146

A Group of Anglo-Saxon Spearmen 154

Gregory the Great, St. Benedict, and St. Cuthbert 156

Lady in a Chariot 157

Family Life 159

Aelfwine 161

The Coronation of a King 162

Aldhelm presenting “De Virginitate” to Hildelida, Abbess of Barking, and her Nuns _Facing_ 162

King Ethelbald 164

King in Bed 166

The Perils of the Deep 167

Slaves waiting on a Household 171

Guthlac carried away by Devils 172

Saxon Minstrels 174

Playing Draughts 175

The Alfred Jewel (Reverse) The Alfred Jewel (Obverse) 177

Page from Gospel Book given by Otho I. to Athelstan, Grandson of Alfred the Great; on it the Anglo-Saxon Kings took the Coronation Oath 178

From King Alfred’s “Orosius” 179

King Cnut and his Queen, Emma, presenting a Cross upon the Altar of Newminster (Winchester) 181

The King receiving a Deputation 183

Anglo-Saxon Warriors approaching a Fort 185

A Fight 186

Diagram of Canal 188

King Edward the Confessor’s Palace at Borstal (Brill) 193

A Solar 196

Building a House 197

October. Hawking 198

A Banquet 199

Saxon Ladies 201

Saxon Horn 202

Merchantmen with Horses and Camels 203

A Banquet 205

Glastonbury Abbey 206

Anglo-Saxon Nuns 207

Conferring the Tonsure 208

A Burial 209

Saxon Church at Greenstead 211

St. Dunstan 213

The Last Day _Facing_ 214

Anglo-Saxon Modes of Punishment 216

The Flogging of a Slave 216

Three Men in Bed 218

Mother and Child 219

Drawing Water 220

St. Luke, from St. Chad’s Gospel Book, date about 700 A.D. 221

Anglo-Saxon Husbandman and his Wife 223

Feeding the Hungry 225

Going to the Chase 226

The Hawk Strikes 226

Feasting 227

Anglo-Saxon House 229

The Situation of Westminster 231

St. Dunstan at the Feet of Christ 233

Monks 235

The Famous “Book of Kells” MS. of the Gospels in Latin, written in Ireland (A.D. 650-690) 237

Rood over the South Door of Stepney Church 239

Edward the Confessor’s Chapel 241

Ancient Enamelled Ouche in Gold discovered near Dowgate Hill; probably Ninth Century 243

An Ancient Comb found in the Ruins of Ickleton Nunnery 244

Duke William comes to Pevensey 249

King Harold shown in a Mêlée of Fighting-Men 251

Charter of the City of London given by William the Conqueror 252

A Norman Knight 253

Norman Horsemen 255

Harold trying to pull the Arrow from his Eye 255

Norman Archers 255

William the Conqueror and his Knights (from the Bayeux Tapestry) 257

Bishops 258

The Seal of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, Half-brother of William I. 259

Part of a Page of Domesday Book 263

William I. and II., Henry I. and Stephen _Facing_ 264

Norman Soldiers 267

Norman London 269

Norman Capitals from Westminster Hall 273

Seal of St. Anselm 275

Norman Arch, in the Cloisters, Westminster Abbey _Facing_ 276

Coronation of Henry I. 279

An Ancient Seal of Robert, Fifth Baron FitzWalter 281

The Temple Church 283

A Fight 291

Costume of English Kings of the Eleventh Century. Anglo-Norman Ladies of High Degree _Facing_ 292

St. John’s Chapel, Tower of London, Norman Architecture 295

March. Field Work. September. Boar-Hunting 303

Matron and Maid 305

A Horseman 308

Tilting 313

Tilting in Boats 314

Dancing 315

The Chase 317

The White Tower 319

Representation of Orion 322

Craftsman at work on a House 323

London Wall 325

A Norman Hall 327

Three Bishops 329

Building a House _Facing_ 338

A Family Group 339

Lady saving a Stag from the Hunters 341

Saxon Doorway, Temple Church 343