CHAPTER II.

MARRIAGE AND WIDOWHOOD.

Three years after their removal to Philadelphia a certificate is issued transferring the membership of "John Payne and Mary, his wife, and their children, William Temple, Dorothy, Isaac, Lucy, Anne, Mary, John and Philadelphia to Pine Street Monthly Meeting." The Paynes settled in what was then the northern part of Philadelphia, and at first John Payne believed his means ample to live in the same hospitable way that had been his wont on the old Virginia plantation, but he soon found his expenses were increased much beyond his expectations, and decided, with the assistance of his sons, to start in business in Philadelphia. For this kind of life, however, his early training had not fitted him, and the business venture was a complete failure. It was followed by his disownment from Pine Street meeting "for failure to pay his debts" (1789), and from this crushing blow the proud spirit of John Payne never recovered, and he died soon after.

It is interesting to know that the store of "John Payne, merchant," was on Fifth Street between Market and Arch, and his residence was 52 Arch Street.

Dolly in the meantime had developed into a charming woman, who entered into all the modest gaieties of the little town, where during the day the daughters of the family, simply dressed, did much of the household work, although even then "some" were so remiss as to "read novels and walk without business abroad."

When the daily tasks were finished the families gathered on the front porch, the girls dressed in plain stuff or chintz frocks with white aprons, and here the passing neighbors stopped to chat awhile or tarry longer. Everybody had a speaking acquaintance, at least, in this little Quaker town.[18]

It was probably in the fall of 1787 that two of Dolly's Virginia friends came to pass the winter in Philadelphia,--Deborah Pleasants,[19] the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Pleasants of Beaver Dam, who had been a friend and schoolmate at the old Cedar Creek School; and her cousin Elizabeth Brook,[20] then from Leesburg, Virginia, a Quaker settlement where the smaller plantations of from one hundred to three hundred acres were cultivated entirely by free labor.

The journey from Beaver Dam had been made on horseback, in easy stages, as there were many Friendly homes to stop at on the way, and the days spent in riding through the almost unbroken forests of Virginia pines and the fording of the rivers had been a delightful experience to the two girls, who, with their entire outfit on their saddle pommels, finally drew rein in the quiet neighborhood of Brook Court, where the arrival of their little cavalcade caused an unwonted stir.

A happy winter followed, in which the three girls were much together, but when summer came "Deborah" and "Elizabeth" returned to their southern homes.

The following girlish letter[21] from Dolly Payne to Elizabeth Brook is undated, but must have been written about December, 1788, or later:

Philadelphia.

How much am I indebted to thee dearest Eliza For throwing off that formality so stifling To the growth of friendship! and addressing First her who feels herself attached to thee by Every sentement of her heart and she often In her "hours of visinary indulgence" calls to Recollection the two lov'd girls who rendered Her so happy during their too short stay in Philadelphia.

I should most gladly have offered you the Tribute of my tender remembrances long before This by the performance of my promise of Wrighting, but my ignorance of a single conveyance[22] was the only preventative.

Let this however, my D^r Betsy obliterate the Idea of my neglect occasion'd by my prospects Of happiness[23] for be assur'd that no sublunary Bliss whatever should have a tendency to make Me forgetful of friends I so highly value.

This place is almost void of anything novell, Such however as is in circulation I will endeavor To Recollect in order to communicate.--Susan Ward and thy old Admirer W. S. have pass'd Their last meeting & are on the point of Marriage. Sally Pleasants and Sam Fox[24] according to the Common saying are made one--Their wedding Was small on account of the death of a cousin, M. Roads. The Bride is now seting up in form For company. I have not been to visit her but Was informed by Joshua Gilpin[25] that he met 40 Their paying their respects, etc., etc.

A general exclamation among the old Friends Against such Parade--a number of other matches

Talked off but their unsertainty must apologize For my not nameing the partys----

A charming little girl of my acquaintance & A Quaker too ran off & was married to a Roman Catholic the other evening--thee may have seen Her, Sally Bartram was her name.

Betsy Wister[26] & Kitty Morris too plain girls Have eloped to effect a union with the choice of Their hearts so thee sees Love is no respecter Of persons----

The very respectful Compliments of Frazier Await the 2 Marylanders--Frazier that unfortunate youth whose heart followed thee captive to Thy home--do call to mind this said conquest Betsy--I see him every day & thee is often the Subject of our Tete-a-tetes--he says the darn in Thy apron first struck him & declares that he Would give any _mony_ for that captivating badge Of thy industry.

After bloting my paper all ore with nonsense I must conclude with particular Love to Debby Pleasants when thee should see her & respects

To her brother James--write often & much to Thy affectionate

Correspondent

Addressed to-- Eliza Brooke Jun^r: Montgomery County Maryland

P^r Favour of } _Cap^t Lynn_ }

A later letter to Elizabeth Brooke[27] (from Sarah Parker) gives further news of Dolly Payne. After referring to rumors current regarding the approaching marriage of her friend she continues:

"It may be an encouragement, probably, should I inform thee of some old acquaintances jogging on in this antiquated Custom. Dolly Payne is likely to unite herself to a young man named J. Todd, who has been so solicitous to gain her favor many years, but disappointment for some time seem'd to assail his most sanguine expectations, however things have terminated agreeable to his desires & she now offers her hand to a person whose heart she had long been near and dear to--he has proved a constant Lover indeed & deserves the highest commendation for his generous behavior, as he plainly shows to the world no mercenary motives bias'd his judgment (on the contrary) a sincere attachment to her person was his first consideration else her Father's misfortunes might have been an excuse for his leaving her--they pass'd meeting[28] fourth day, was the same day George Fox[29] & Molly C. Pemberton were united, rather an uncommon instance, but their marriage was postponed on account of a relation's death.

"Pine Street meeting house was amazingly crowded, a number of gay folks--I heard a young man say he was surprised on viewing the galleries, as they had more the appearance of a play house than of Friends' meeting. There were great affronts given, I am told, when Dolly retired in the other room to pass by Nicholas Waln, rising and saying 'it was not customary for those that do not belong, unless near connections, to go into meetings of business'--but some were so rude as to press in without any kind of ceremony, very indecent behavior was too obvious to be unobserved, even by children."[30]

The "passing of meeting" was then a formidable proceeding. The intended groom, with a friend from the men's meeting, entered the women's side after the closing of the partitions, and taking the intended bride on his arm announced, first in one meeting and then in the other, that "we propose taking each other in marriage."

Many anecdotes are related of Nicholas Waln, who was a leading member of Pine Street meeting, and had been one of the shrewdest and wittiest lawyers of the Philadelphia bar. His words were very apt to hit the mark.

A month later, on Dolly's wedding day, at the head of the meeting (at Pine street) sat James Pemberton[31], "erect and immovable, with his crossed hands resting on his gold-headed cane"; beside him "Nicholas Waln with his smile of sunshine," "Arthur Howell[32], with hat drawn low over his face," and "William Savery of the solemn silvery voice," and other ministers and elders of the meeting. The body of the meeting was composed of the solid Quaker element of the city, and the "gay folks" again crowded the galleries to their utmost capacity. After a short silence Dolly Payne and John Todd arose, and each repeated the solemn marriage ceremony of the Friends, each signed the marriage certificate, and "John Todd of the city of Philadelphia, attorney-at-law, son of John Todd, of this city, and Mary his wife, and Dolly Payne, daughter of John Payne of the city aforesaid, and Mary his wife," were married, 1st mo. 7th, 1790.

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE OF JOHN TODD AND DOLLY PAYNE.

Whereas John Todd of the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, attorney at law, son of John Todd of said city and Mary his wife, and Dolly Payne daughter of John Payne of the city aforesaid and Mary his wife having declared their intentions of marriage with each other before several Monthly Meetings of the people called Quakers held in Philadelphia aforesaid for the Southern District according to the good order used among them, and having consent of parents, their said proposals were allowed of by the said meeting. Now these are to certify whom it may concern that for the full accomplishing their said intentions this seventh day of the first month in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, they the said John Todd and Dolly Payne appeared in a public meeting of the said people held at their meeting house in Philadelphia aforesaid and the said John Todd taking the said Dolly Payne by the hand did in a solemn manner openly declare that he took her the said Dolly Payne to be his wife, promising with Divine assistance to be unto her a loving and faithful husband until death should separate them. And then in the same assembly the said Dolly Payne did in like manner declare that she took him the said John Todd to be her husband, promising with Divine assistance to be unto him a loving and faithful wife until death should separate them. And moreover they the said John Todd and Dolly Payne (she according to the custom of marriage assuming the name of her husband) did as a further confirmation thereof then and there to these presents set their hands. And we whose names are hereunto also subscribed being present at the solemnization of the said marriage and subscription have as witnesses thereof, set our hands the day and year above written.

John Todd. Dolly Todd.

NAMES OF THOSE SIGNING THE MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE OF DOROTHY PAYNE & JOHN TODD

Edward Tilghman, James Ash, Owen Jones, John Pemberton, Thomas Clifford, James Pemberton, Samuel Pleasants, Caleb Foulke, William Savery, James Cresson, James Logan, Benedt. Dorsey, Samuel Clark, John Parrish, Thos. Harrison, John Payne, Mary Payne, John Todd, Mary Todd, James Todd, Alice Todd, Lucy Payne, Anna Payne, Mary Payne, Betsy Blau, Thos. Poultney, Stephen Burrows, Mary Burrowes, Sarah Waln, Esther Fisher, Saml. Coates, Arthur Howell, John Elliott, Jr., Thos. Follet, Caleb Atmore, John Poultney, Caspar W. Morris, Zaccheus Collins, Henry S. Drinker, Chas. West, Jr., John Biddle, Elijah Conrad, Ebenezer Breed, John E. Cresson, Richard Johnson, Geo. Roberts, Benj. Chamberlain, Abigail Drinker, Maria Hodgdon, Kitty Doughten, Benjamin Morgan, Jr., Caleb Carmalt, James Bringhurst, Anthony Morris, Griffith Evans, Isaac Bartram, Anna P. Pleasants, Israel Pleasants, Samuel Emlen, Jr., Nicholas Waln, Samuel Emlen, Owen Biddle, Samuel Shaw, Eliza Collins, Anna Drinker, Mary S. Pemberton, Sarah Biddle, Mary Shaw, Abigail Parrish, Susanna Jones, Phebe Pemberton, Sarah Parrish, Mary Pleasants, Elizabeth Dawson, Mary Eddy, Ann Marshall, Sarah Ann Marshall, Mary Drinker, Jr., Eliz. P. Dilworth

The short but happy married life of Dorothy Payne Todd was spent at 51 South Fourth street,[33] now Fourth and Walnut streets, and here her sons, John Payne and William Temple Todd, were born.[34]

In 1793 that dread disease, the yellow fever,[35] raged in Philadelphia, and John Todd hastened to send his wife to a place of safety. She and her infant son, William Temple, three weeks old, were carried in a litter to Gray's Ferry, then well beyond the city's limits. John Todd himself returned to the city. His parents were first taken, and he, feeling himself stricken, hastened to Gray's Ferry for one last glance at his beloved wife. Dolly, in spite of his remonstrances, threw herself into his arms and pressed her lips to his. After days of unconsciousness she slowly recovered to find her husband and her infant son no more.

John Todd, Sr., left a will. To his son John he willed L500 and his watch; and to each of his grandsons, Payne and William Temple, he left L50.

John Todd, Jr.,[36] died October 24, 1793. To his wife he left the settlement of his "very small estate." His will had been made some time before his death, and said:

I give and devise all my estate, real and personal, to the Dear Wife of my Bosom, and first and only Woman upon whom my all and only affections were placed, Dolly Payne Todd, her heirs and assigns forever, trusting that as she proved an amiable and affectionate wife to her John she may prove an affectionate mother to my little Payne, and the sweet Babe with which she is now enceinte. My last prayer is may she educate him in the ways of Honesty, tho' he may be obliged to beg his Bread, remembering that will be better to him than a name and riches.--I appoint my dear wife executrix of this my will.

John Todd, Jr.

Inventory and Appraisement of the Goods & Chattels &c late the property of John Todd, Jr.[37]

Viz:-- L s d

One large Side Board 9 00 00 One Settee 10 00 00 Eleven Mahogany & Pine tables 17 17 06 Three Looking Glasses 14 00 00 Thirty-six Mahogany and Windsor chairs 27 12 06 One Case of knives & forks 5 00 00 And-Irons, Shovel & Tongs 9 02 06 Window curtains & Window blinds 12 00 00 Carpets & Floor Cloaths 11 15 00 Bed, Bedstead & Bed Cloaths 30 00 00 Sundry Setts of China &c 9 00 00 Articles of Glass Ware & Waiters etc 9 07 06 Glass lamp, pr Scones & six pictures 3 17 06 Sundry Articles of Plate & Plated ware--also Sett of Castors 14 07 06 Sundry Kitchen furniture 12 10 00 Desk & Book case 5 00 00 An open stove 2 05 00 Two Watches 9 15 00 One fowling piece 3 00 00 One Horse & Chair 40 00 00 Library 187 15 00 --- -- -- 434 05 00

Appraised Seventh day of Dec. 1793.

The estate of John Todd was more ample than his modest statements would indicate. He left his wife that commodious dwelling of English red and black brick still standing at the corner of Fourth and Walnut streets, with stable on the grounds. The inventory of his effects shows that the house was well furnished. His library, too, was a good one, and with her "horse and chair" Dolly found herself more than comfortably provided for.

The moving of the national capital to Philadelphia had crowded the city to its utmost capacity, and homes were hard to find. Mary Payne had opened her doors,[38] and Aaron Burr, then Congressman, was fortunate to find boarding there.

Dolly was soon drawn into society, and her brilliant beauty and charming manners drew many admirers. James Madison requested to be introduced, and Dolly wrote her friend, Elizabeth Lee: "Thou must come to me, for Aaron Burr[39] is going to bring the great little Madison to see me this evening." Dolly wore her mulberry-colored satin, and appeared a vision of beauty to him; and it was not his only visit. But it was the "first lady of the land" who finally brought things to a crisis. She sent for Dolly and asked, "What is this I hear about Madison and Mistress Todd?" and, when Dolly hid her blushing face, took her into her arms, and told her that she and "the President" approved, and wished to see her again happily married; "and Madison will make thee a good husband," she said.

In the summer of 1793 Lucy Payne had become the girlish bride of George Steptoe Washington,[40] the nephew and ward of the President. She was but fifteen and he seventeen years old at the time, and they were now living at Harewood[41], near Harper's Ferry. "Harewood of pleasant memory and patriotic association," as an old writer has lovingly said. It was built on part of the Washington tract of land in 1756, by Colonel Samuel Washington, under the supervision of his brother George, and an old record states that for the hauling of the gray limestone of which it is built, from a nearby quarry, they paid one Shirley Smith "an acre of ground per team per day". The finer part of the woodwork, the pilasters, wainscoting and cornice, were all brought from "Old England" to Alexandria, and thence carted to Harewood, a long and toilsome journey.

Now the fair young mistress of Harewood begged that her sister should be married there, and so it was decided. Thomas Jefferson offered his coach for the journey, and taking her sister Anna, the little Payne and a maid, Dolly journeyed to that historic home, accompanied by Madison and mutual friends, riding and driving.

A week of the early fall time had been whiled away when they reached their journey's end, where great preparations were already being made for the festive occasion, for this was to be a "gay" wedding. Guests came from far and near. Francis Madison was there, and Harriet[42] Washington, and at the last moment "Light-Horse Harry Lee" came dashing up on "the very finest horse in all Virginia."

And then in the handsome wainscoted parlor, James Madison and the winsome "Widow Todd" were married, September 15, 1794, by Dr. Balmaine, of Winchester, Va., a relative of James Madison.

Madison's present to his bride was a wondrous necklace of Byzantine mosaic[43] work, of temples and tombs and bridges, eleven pictures in all joined by delicate chains.

After much feasting and merry-making, in which the groom lost his ruffles of Mechlin lace, which were parted amongst the girlish guests as souvenirs, the bride and groom made their escape and drove away for the honeymoon.

Little record of the wedding is left, and there is no list of the guests present, as at that earlier and more stately, though unpretentious, wedding in the old Pine street meeting-house.

The following letter from Madison to his father describes the wedding journey:

Harewood, Oct 5, 1794.

Dear & Honor^d Sir:

I have detained Sam, by whom I send this, so much longer than I intended & you expected, that many apologies are due for the liberty. I hope it will be a sufficient one that I found him indispensable for a variety of little services, which I did not particularly take into view before I left Orange. These he can himself explain, & I therefore leave the task to him, proceeding to the history of what relates to myself. On my arrival here I was able to urge so many conveniences in hastening the event, which I solicited, that it took place on the 15^th ult. On the Friday following we set out, accompanied by Miss A. Payne & Miss Harriot Washington, on a visit to my sister Hite, where we arrived the next day, having stopped a night in Winchester with M^r Balmain. We had been a day or two only at Mr. Hite's before a slight indisposition, which my wife had felt for several days, ended in a regular ague & fever. The fits, tho succeeded by compleat intermission, were so severe that I thought it prudent to call in a physician from Winchester. Doc^r. Mackay not being in the way, Doc^r. Baldwin attended, and by a [-----] administration of the Bark soon expelled the complaint. She has since recovered very fast, & I hope, notwithstanding a slight indisposition this morning which may be the effect of fatigue & change of weather, that its return is not in the least to be apprehended. We left Mr. Hite's the day before yesterday. Our time was passed there with great pleasure on our side & I hope with not less on the other. Our departure however was embittered by the loss sustained the night preceding by my sister, which you will have an account of from Mr. H. by this opportunity. In about 8 or 10 days we expect to set out for Philadelphia, & your daughter-in-law begs you & my mother to accept her best & most respectful affections, which she means to express herself by an early opportunity. She wishes Fanny also to be sensible of the pleasure with which a correspondence with her would be carried on.

I was Friday at Mr. Hite's. He promises steadfastly to be with you in about a fortnight at farthest, & to do anything on his part requisite for a vigorous prosecution of the undertaking at Bernard's Ford.

I must ask the favor of my mother to make me a memorandum of the clothing to be obtained at M^r Dunbar's for the negroes, & of yourself to have it transmitted along with a list of other articles such as salt, iron, etc., which may [be] wanted for the winter's use. I heard with great satisfaction by Mr. Howard that her complaint, which appeared in so doubtful a character when I left her, had taken a turn that promised an early & I hope entire recovery. With my sincere prayers that perfect health & every other good may attend you both I

remain y^r affec^t son J. Madison, Jr.

I called soon after I came into the neighborhood on Mrs. F. Hite, & found her & family well. I intend to repeat my visit if possible & to introduce her new relative to her[44].

The grave "elders" of the Friends' meeting had hesitated ere they drew up the letter of disownment against Lucy Payne,[45] now the wife of the nephew, namesake and ward of Washington. And now again, as was their custom, "Dolly" Madison[46] was "disowned because of her marriage" to one not a member of the Society. The many strangers drawn to Philadelphia by the establishment of the government there were causing sad havoc in their midst.

Returning to Philadelphia, Dolly threw herself into the gay life of the capital, of which she at once became one of the chief ornaments. John Adams wrote to his wife from Philadelphia: "I dined yesterday with Madison. Mrs Madison is a fine woman, her sisters equally so. One of them is married to George Washington. The ladies, whose name is Payne, are of a Quaker family, one of North Carolina."

Her marriage to Madison opened up to her a larger and broader life, one for which, by nature, she was well fitted. In the past she had felt that her membership in the Society of Friends ofttimes debarred her from many innocent pleasures and advantages as well, and "her undue fondness for the things of this world," for which she had once been chided, added zest to her new surroundings.

Her father had died the year before her marriage, and other changes followed in quick succession. January 5, 1795, Elizabeth Drinker writes: "I heard this evening of the death of two of Molly Payne's sons, Temple and Isaac. The latter offended a man in Virginia, who some time afterward shot him with a pistol."

Her father's will was not proved until 1796. He left his wife, Mary Payne, sole executrix. His property consisted chiefly of lands in West Virginia and Kentucky, and it probably had little value. (De Chastellux tells of meeting a young emigrant who had bought one thousand acres in Kentucky for fifty guineas.) George Walker, John Todd and Dolly Todd were witnesses. The two former were no longer living, and the record reads:

"This day appeared Dolly P. Maddison, of the State of Virginia, Gentlewoman, late Dolley P. Todd, who being one of the People called Quakers, and conscientiously scrupulous of taking an oath, Doth Solemnly affirm and declare," etc.

Lucy Washington and Anna Payne likewise made affirmation to their belief in their father's signature to the will.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 18: Population of Philadelphia in 1770 about 31,000.--Proud's History.]

[Footnote 19: Deborah Pleasants, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Pleasants, was born 25th of Eleventh month, 1763, at Beaver Dam, Goochland County, Va.; married William Stabler in 1789, and settled at Leesburg, Va., but soon after removed to Sandy Spring, Montgomery County, Md. William Stabler died in 1806. Deborah Stabler died Sixth month 26th, 1845.]

[Footnote 20: Elizabeth Brook, daughter of James Brook, Jr., born 1762; married 1790, at age of 28 years, to George Ellicott, of Ellicott's Mills, Howard County, Md. James Brook, father of Elizabeth, was the Friend who had freed the first slave freed in the State of Maryland.]

[Footnote 21: In possession of Lucy Tyson Fitzhugh, Westminster, Md.]

[Footnote 22: Post-offices were often at a great distance from the person addressed, and it was often better to wait for some one traveling that way. Then, too, postage was high.

The "Historical Register" gives the following postage rates, 1810-1814. Every letter consisting of one sheet to go a distance less than 40 miles, 8 cents; 40 to 90 miles, 10 cents; 90 to 150 miles, 12-1/2 cents; 150 to 300 miles, 17 cents; 300 to 500 miles, 20 cents; over 500 miles, 25 cents. The rate was doubled, trebled and quadrupled as the number of sheets increased.]

[Footnote 23: Her approaching marriage to John Todd.]

[Footnote 24: Samuel Mickle Fox, son of Joseph and Elizabeth Fox, and Sarah Pleasants, born Eleventh month 8d, 1767, daughter of Samuel and Mary Pleasants, were married Eleventh month 27th, 1788.]

[Footnote 25: Joshua Gilpin (born Eleventh month 8th, 1765; died Eighth month 22d, 1841), son of Thomas and Lydia Fisher Gilpin, married Mary Dilworth and had eight children. Marriage entertainments at this time were very expensive, and harassing to the wedded. For two days afterward punch was dealt out in profusion, and, with cakes and other sweetmeats, were set out on the lower floor, and were also sent generally through the neighborhood, even to those with whom the family did not visit. On the second floor the bride received the visitors, and was kissed by all comers, often as many as a hundred a day. The richer families also had as many as one hundred and twenty to dine and stay to supper the day of the marriage. All who signed the marriage certificate also were invited to tea (or supper). At the time of the "passing of meeting" for two days all the male friends of the bride were privileged to call, drink punch, eat cake and kiss the bride! Even the plain Friends submitted to these things.--"Watson's Annals."]

[Footnote 26: Younger sister of Sally Wister.]

[Footnote 27: Owned by Lucy Tyson Fitzhugh.]

[Footnote 28: The Friends' form of marriage required that the parties proposing marriage shall first inform their monthly meeting of their "intentions." This form is now handed in in writing. The meeting then takes the matter into consideration, and if there is no reason to object, the permission is given at the next monthly meeting to "accomplish their marriage." When this permission is obtained, the parties are said to have "passed meeting."]

[Footnote 29: George Fox, son of Joseph Fox, carpenter, and Elizabeth, his wife, and Mary Pemberton, daughter of Charles and Esther Pemberton, were married Eleventh month 25th, 1789.

Joseph Fox was one of the committee of citizens appointed to prepare an answer for Paul Revere to carry back to Boston at the time of the closing of the port, he having been sent with a message to Philadelphia asking the support of her people.]

[Footnote 30: This letter was dated 12 mo. 7, 1789, and is marked "Received Nov 26th 90 & forwarded by Jno Janney."]

[Footnote 31: James Pemberton, born 26th of Sixth month (August), 1723, in Philadelphia, was the son of Israel and Rachel Pemberton. He was one of the "overseers" of the public schools founded by charter in the town and county of Philadelphia. Was one of the managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital and a prominent merchant of the city. He was a member of the Society of Friends. He was married, first, to Hannah, daughter of Mordecai and Hannah Lloyd, in 1751, and had six children. In 1768 he married Sarah, daughter of David and Mary Smith, of Burlington, N. J. Their daughter became the wife of Anthony Morris. In 1775 he married Phebe, widow of Samuel Morton. James Pemberton died Second month 9th, 1809.

John Adams in his diary says: "Israel Pemberton is at the head of Quaker interests in Philadelphia." Israel, the father, and the sons, Israel and James, were all members of the Assembly. James Pemberton, with six others, resigned from the Assembly 1756-7, because of not being able conscientiously to vote for the tax for military purposes for the Indian wars. Sixteen other Friends also withdrew at this time. The Quaker party kept the ascendency until 1776, then fell to pieces and forever disappeared.

John and James Pemberton, Henry Drinker and Samuel Pleasants were among the Friends banished to Virginia in 1777 because of supposed sympathy with the British.]

[Footnote 32: The following anecdote is told of Nicholas Waln. His brother minister, Arthur Howell, always put off his communications until time to break meeting. So one day Nicholas accosted him as follows:--

"Arthur Howell, what's the reason Thou art always out of season? When 'tis time to go away Thou wilt always preach and pray.

"NICHOLAS WALN."]

[Footnote 33: From Philadelphia Directory: John Todd, Esq., attorney-at-law, 85 Chestnut St. (1790) John Todd, jun., Esq., attorney-at-law, 51 South Fourth Street.]

[Footnote 34: John Payne Todd, born February 29th, 1792; William Temple Todd, born 1793.]

[Footnote 35: The yellow fever was brought from the West Indies to Philadelphia. The first case appeared in July. By August 22d it had become epidemic. August 24th a general exodus from the city took place. Almost half its inhabitants (17,000) left the city. By November 4th, when the disease abated, it was estimated that 5,000 had died. September 11th, 1793, Mr. Jefferson wrote to Mr. Morris: "An infectious and deadly disease has broken out. The deaths week before last were 40; last week, 50; this week, 200. Hamilton is ill, and the President has left for Mt. Vernon yesterday." Seventeen thousand left the city; 20,000 remained; 5,000 died--yellow fever, 1793.]

[Footnote 36: John Todd, Jr., was the son of John and Mary Todd. His father was from New London, Chester County, Pa., and was a teacher in Philadelphia. The son, "John Todd jun. Esq. Attorney-at-law," was a rising young lawyer, and supposed to be a wealthy one, and a strict Friend. He was greatly beloved by John Payne.]

[Footnote 37: From Records of Wills, Philadelphia.]

[Footnote 38: Living at 96 North Third Street in 1793.]

[Footnote 39: It was through Dolly's influence that Aaron Burr was finally allowed to return to this country from his exile abroad. It was the result of a heartrending letter from his daughter Theodosia, beginning:

"Madam: You may be surprised at receiving a letter from one with whom you have had so little intercourse in the last few years. But your surprise will cease when you recollect that my father, once your friend, is now in exile, and that only the President can restore him to me and his country." ...]

[Footnote 40: George Steptoe Washington was the son of Washington's brother Samuel, after whose death he became the guardian of his two younger boys. His education was finished at the Philadelphia College. He was a member of Washington's staff, was one of the executors of Washington, and inherited one of his swords.

"To each of my nephews, William Augustine Washington, George Lewis, George Steptoe Washington, Bushrod Washington and Samuel Washington, I give one of the swords or conteaux of which I may die possessed; and they are to choose in the order they are named. These swords are accompanied with an injunction not to unsheath them for the purpose of shedding blood, except it be for self-defence or in defence of their country, and its rights; and in the latter case, to keep them unsheathed, and prefer falling with them in their hands to the relinquishment thereof."--From an old print of the Will of George Washington.

George Steptoe Washington chose the sword sent to Washington by Theophilus Alte, of Sollinger, near Duesseldorf. Its history is partly given in the following letter from Washington to John Quincy Adams, then United States Minister to The Hague:

"To John Quincy Adams.

"Phila, 12 September, 1796.

"Dear Sir:

"To open a correspondence with you on so trifling a subject as that which gives birth to this letter would hardly be justifiable, were it not for the singularity of the case. This singularity will, I hope, apologize for the act.

"Some time ago, perhaps two or three months, I read in some gazette, but was so little impressed with it at the time (conceiving it to be one of those things that get into newspapers, nobody knows how or why), that I cannot now recollect whether this gazette was of American or foreign production, announcing that a celebrated artist had presented, or was about to present to the President of the United States a sword of masterly workmanship, as an evidence of his veneration, etc.

"I thought no more of the matter afterwards until a gentleman with whom I have no acquaintance, coming from and going to I know not where at a tavern I never could get information of, came across this sword (for it is presumed to be the same), pawned for $30, which he paid, left it in Alexandria, nine miles from my home in Virginia, with a person who refunded him the money and sent me the sword.

"This is all I have been able to learn of this curious affair.

"The blade is highly wrought and decorated with many military emblems. It has my name engraved thereon, and the following inscription, translated from the Dutch:

"'Condemnor of despotism, Preserver of Liberty, glorious Man, take from my son's hand this Sword, I beg you. A Sollinger." The hilt is either gold or richly plated with that metal, and the whole carries with it the form of a horseman's sword or long sabre.

"The matter, as far as it appears at present, is a perfect enigma. How it should have come into this country without a letter, or an accompanying message, how afterwards it should have got into such loose hands and whither the person having it in possession was steering his course remains as yet to be explained. Some of these points, probably, can only be explained by the maker, and the maker is no otherwise to be discovered than by the inscription and name 'A. Sollinger,' who from the impression that dwells in my mind, is of Amsterdam.

"If, Sir, with this clew you can develope the history of this sword, the value of it, the character of the maker, & his probable object in sending it, you would oblige me, and by relating these facts to him might obviate doubts which otherwise might be entertained by him of its fate and reception.

"With great esteem and regard, I am, dear Sir, etc."--From Sparks' "History of Washington."

Alte had sent his son with the sword to America in 1795 to present to the President as "the only man whom he knew that had acted in a disinterested manner for the happiness of his country." The son knew little of the language, and from bashfulness or other cause failed to present the sword to Washington. More than a year later a letter came from the father making inquiry about his son.

The above sword was sold by the son of George Steptoe Washington to a Chicago collector for $1,600, and soon after changed hands again for a much higher sum.

The news of George Washington's death was taken to his nephew and executor, George Steptoe Washington, at Harewood by a special messenger, Charles, the servant of Tobias Lear (Washington's private secretary).

George Steptoe inherited Harewood from his older brother. He died in North Carolina, and was buried there. The following letter is from Washington:

"Philadelphia, 5, December, 1790

"To George Steptoe Washington.

"Dear George:

"Agreeably to the promise, which I gave you in Virginia, I have made the necessary inquiries respecting the course of studies and expenses (?) which would enable you and your brother Lawrence to finish your education at the college in this place, provided you are master of those books and studies which you informed me you had passed through.

"The enclosed account of studies and expenses, which I wish you to return to me, you will see is made under the hand of the Reverend Dr. Smith, provost of the college, and may therefore be relied on for accuracy. After you and Lawrence have carefully perused and well considered the enclosed statement, I wish you to determine whether you will come or not. If your determination should be in favor of coming on, I must impress this upon you in the strongest manner, namely, that you come with good dispositions and full resolution to pursue your studies closely, to conform to the established rules and customs of the college and to conduct yourselves on all occasions with decency and propriety.

"To you, George, I more particularly address myself at this time, as from your advanced age it may be presumed that such advice, as I am about to give will make a deeper impression upon you, than upon your brother, and your conduct may very probably mark the line of his, but at the same time Lawrence must remember that this is equally applicable to him.

"Should you enter upon the course of studies here marked out, you must consider it as the finishing of your education, and therefore as the time is limited, that every hour misspent is lost forever, and that future years cannot compensate for lost days at this period of your life. This reflection must show the necessity of an unremitting application to your studies. To point out the importance of circumspection in your conduct, it may be proper to observe, that a good moral character is the first essential in a man, and that the habits contracted at your age are generally indelible, and your conduct here may stamp your character through life. It is therefore highly important that you should endeavor not only to be learned, but virtuous. Much more might be said to show the necessity of application and regularity, but since you must know that without them you can never be qualified to render service to your country, assistance to your friends or enjoy consolation in your retired moments, nothing further need be said to prove their utility.

"As to your clothes, it will, I presume, cost much the same here as in 'Alexandria.' I shall always wish to see you clothed decently and becoming your station; but I shall ever discountenance extravagance or foppishness in your dress. At all times and upon all occasions I shall be happy to give you both such marks of my approbation as your progress and good conduct merit.

"If you determine to come on, you had better do it immediately, and Major Washington will furnish you with such money as may be necessary for the stage and expenses from Alexandria to this place. But I must repeat what I have before enjoined, that you come with good dispositions and determined resolution to conform to establishments and pursue your studies.

"Your aunt joins me in love to your brother, and best wishes to Dr. Craik and family. I am, dear George, your sincere friend and affectionate uncle.

[Footnote 41: In some respects Harewood House is the most notable of the Washington mansions. It is three miles northwest of Charlestown, and was built in 1756-8. Its fame rests on the dual facts that it was built by General Washington himself and that here James and Dolly Madison were married. It was used by Washington as a summer home, and here Lafayette and Louis Philippe visited him. It is now owned by John Augustine Washington. Address Charlestown, Jefferson County, Va.

The home proper consisted of but two large rooms on a floor (three on second floor). It formerly had outside kitchens and guest-rooms. Two fine porches have disappeared. Portraits of Samuel Washington and his first wife are here, and also those of Lucy Payne Washington and her husband, George Steptoe.]

[Footnote 42: Harriet Washington was the sister of George S. Washington.]

[Footnote 43: The mosaics of the necklace represent Temple of Minerva, Tomb of Caecelia Nutallis, Bridge of Colla, Pontius Luganus, Colosseum of Flavius Vespasianus, Pontius Salasius, Temple of Vesta, Temple of Venus, Tomb of Caius Coeustus, Temple of Jupiter Tonans, and the Temple of Jupiter Stattor.]

[Footnote 44: From the Ferdinand J. Dreer collection at Pennsylvania Historical Society.]

[Footnote 45: Minutes of Philadelphia Monthly Meeting, Northern District.--Adjourned meeting, 13th of 8 mo, 1793.--Friends are appointed to assist women Friends in preparing a testimony against the misconduct of Lucy Washington, late Paine, who has accomplished her marriage by the assistance of a hireling priest contrary to the discipline established amongst us.

27th of 8 mo, 1793.--Testimony against Lucy Washington, late Payne, who had by birth a right of membership among us, having disregarded the wholesome order of our Discipline in the accomplishment of her marriage with a person not in membership with us, before an hireling priest, and without the consent of her Mother, after being precautioned against such outgoing. We therefore testify that the said Lucy Washington is no longer a member of our religious Society. Nevertheless desiring she may be favored with a due sense of her deviation and seek to be rightly restored.]

[Footnote 46: Dorothy Madison was disowned Twelfth month 20th, 1794, by the monthly meeting of Friends of Philadelphia, on account of her marriage.]

[Decoration]