Part 6
This is a leggy and longish dog of elegant and muscular build. The head is long, narrow and somewhat pinched. Skull high and occipital bone well developed. The eyes are bright and dark. Ears set on backwards and are long but not too broad. They are rather pointed at the tips. Is deep and broad in chest, long and not too broad in back. Stern is not too heavy, tapers to the point and is carried down. He is smooth, short and fine in coat.
SWISS HOUND
Color: White with large yellow, orange or tan patches. Frequently spotted with red or yellow markings and a black shade with red color is permissible. The skin is often spotted with black, giving him a blue appearance when out of coat.
Height: 20 in.
Weight: 46 lbs.
A dog of medium size, strong but not heavily built. The skull is broad and the occipital bone well developed, eyes rather large but not prominent, hazel brown, bright and intelligent. The ears are not set on too high, are thin and moderately long, and covered with fine hair. Chest deep and not too broad, and is short and broad in back. Stern of medium length, fairly short, strong at the root, and well coated. There are two varieties as to coat: A. Smooth and dense, which is fine and glossy on the head, ears and shoulders, and coarser on the back; B. Medium length, coarse, hard and dull.
Russian Breeds
BORZOI (Russian Wolfhound) RUSSIAN YELLOW RETRIEVER RUSSIAN HOUND OWTCHAR SAMOYED
BORZOI
Color: Immaterial, except that self-colored specimens or those with heavy, black markings are objectionable.
Height: 33 in.
Weight: 100 lbs.
The Borzoi is one of the most ancient of Russian breeds and should possess great size, great speed and great strength. The head is of extraordinary length, and should appear rather Roman nosed in profile. The eyes are dark, expressive and almond-shaped; ears small, thin and placed well back on the head; the chest is deep and narrow; the back bony, and well arched; loins broad and very powerful, with well sprung ribs; the tail is long and well feathered and carried low; the coat should be long and silky, not woolly, and on the neck it should be profuse and rather curly.
This breed, though originating from Russia, has been bred and exhibited in England since 1872. The Duchess of Newcastle and, a little later, Queen Alexandra, then the Princess of Wales, are mainly responsible for the popular favor in which they are now regarded. The finest collection in the world, however, is owned by the Grand Duke Nicholas, at Perchina, near Moscow. These are said to excel even those possessed by the Czar, from whom dogs cannot be purchased.
RUSSIAN YELLOW RETRIEVER
Color: Yellow or rich red sable.
Height: 28 in.
Weight: 90 lbs.
This dog is similar in all essentials to the English Retriever, except that he is a size bigger and heavier in coat, and of course different in color, as his name implies. He is used principally for tracking wounded deer.
RUSSIAN HOUND
Color: Grizzle or black, with tan markings, often with a white collar, feet and tip of tail.
Height: 20 in.
Weight: 58 lbs.
The head much resembles that of a wolf, being considerably broader between the ears than at the forehead. Eyes of medium size, bright, brown or yellow, sometimes nearly black. Ears small and hanging with a tendency to prick when the dog is angry. Stern is short, strong at the root, and carried straight. The coat is hard and smooth, with a woolly under coat, and the wolf or fox brush.
OWTCHAR (Russian Sheepdog)
Color: Slate color, dirty white, and nearly black.
Height: 32 in.
Weight: 105 lbs.
This is a large and strongly built dog of very great antiquity. His head is massive, round, and covered with softer hair than on the body. The eyes are rather large, dark brown in color, and very intelligent. The ears are of fair size, hanging, well coated, and are sometimes cut and carried semi-erect. He has a short, muscular neck, strong, well developed body, and is the largest of all the varieties of the sheep dogs, and is intended to defend his flocks against wolves. The tail is often docked, otherwise it should be well coated, and his coat is very dense and somewhat woolly.
SAMOYED
Color: White or white with black, brown or wolf patches.
Height: 22 in.
Weight: 65 lbs.
A dog of medium size, well built and cobby, covered with a thick fur. The head is slightly domed and fairly broad. He is rather small in eyes, which should be dark in color and set obliquely in the head, and convey a very intelligent and lively expression. The ears are erect, broad at the root, and taper to a point. The neck is strong and muscular, the chest broad and deep, and back short, straight and strong. Tail is short and heavily coated, and carried curled over the back. His stand-off coat is semi-long, dense and thick, and abundant around the neck, with a short and dense undercoat.
Breeds of the Northern Latitudes of Europe and Asia
FINNISH POM FINNISH ELKHOUND NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND SWEDIAN HOUND NORWEGIAN HOUND ICELAND DOG DOG OF NOORLAND LAPLAND SHEEPDOG ESQUIMAU
FINNISH POM
Color: Foxy-red or yellow-red, often with a white patch on chest, feet and tip of tail.
Height: 18 in.
Weight: 56 lbs.
A cobbily-built dog with an intrepid and audacious appearance. The head of medium size, lean, not too round, and stop well defined. Eyes are obliquely set in the head, giving him a mild, lively and intelligent expression, and are dark or light brown in color. The ears are set on high, carried erect, very mobile, and of moderate size. Has muscular neck, chest deep but not too broad, and body straight, broad and short. The tail is thick at the root, profusely covered with long hair, and carried curled over the back. His coat is smooth on head and forelegs, but long, dense and perfectly straight on the body with a dense and fluffy undercoat. It should be very abundant around the neck, forming a frill.
FINNISH HOUND
Color: Red-brown, shade of yellow on muzzle and legs; white patches permissible.
Height: 23 in.
Weight: 65 lbs.
A proportionately built dog with long, broad muzzle, light brown eyes, deep chest, muscular loins, rather high on leg in proportion to his body, medium length tail, carried like a saber. His coat is flat, smooth though rather coarse on the back.
NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND
Color: Grizzle in all its shade; grizzle-brown, grizzle-brown and black. A white patch on the chest and feet is permissible. The undercoat should be pale brown.
Height: 20 in.
Weight: 60 lbs.
In stature this dog is rather short, but he has much strength and temerity. The head is carried high, is large and square, broad between the ears, with “stop” well defined. Eyes should be dark brown or yellow-brown and convey an active and courageous expression. The ears are pointed, carried erect and very mobile. The body is short, and the chest broad and deep. The stern is of medium length, thick and heavy and carried curled over the back. His coat is short and flat on the head but hard, coarse and rather long on the body.
SWEDIAN HOUND
Color: Black—the head, chest and legs being tan or dark yellow. White patches on the head, chest, feet and tip of tail are permissible. Also tan or dark yellow with large white patches.
Height: 33 in.
Weight: 65 lbs.
This is a well-built dog with a noble head, which is long and lean. The eyes are bright and for preference are dark in color. Chest deep and straight and broad in the back. Stern of medium length, strong at the root, and carried with a slight curve. His coat is thick, hard, dense and glossy.
NORWEGIAN HOUND
Color: Iron gray patches and spots on blue background; so-called “trout” color with brown-brindle in patches, tan markings; blue-merle; black with tan or brown markings; tan with white patches. Iron-gray with tan markings is not desirable.
Height: 20 in.
Weight: 60 lbs.
This is a strongly built dog rather long in body, and with a grave and intelligent expression. The head is large, of medium breadth, not domed and with distinct “stop.” Eyes are brown. Blue-merle dogs have “China” ears. Ears set on rather high, of medium length and breadth, and hang close to the head. The chest is broad rather than deep. Stern of medium length, carried rather high. The coat is thick and glossy.
ICELAND DOG
Color: Brownish or gray, sometimes dirty white or dirty yellow, and is frequently seen with black on the back.
Height: 14 in.
Weight: 45 lbs.
This is a lightly built dog with a “game” temperament. The head is large in proportion to his body, with broad domed skull, and rather short, snipy muzzle. The ears are large at the base, pointed and carried erect, though sometimes semi-erect. He is large and deep in chest, short in body, with bushy tail carried over the back. His coat is hard, of medium length, flat and shorter on the head and legs.
DOG OF NOORLAND
Color: All shades of grizzle with black or darker tips. The under coat should be as white as possible. A yellow undercoat is a fault.
Height: 22 in.
Weight: 65 lbs.
A strong and well-built dog on rather cobby lines; the head is rather small, slightly arched and without “stop.” Eyes should be dark brown, bright and intelligent. Ears small, very mobile, carried erect and set high on the head. Chest deep and broad. The tail is strong, medium length, and curled over the back. The coat is short and thick on the head, legs and feet, and more abundant on the body.
LAPLAND SHEEPDOG
Color: Black, rusty black, grizzle with white feet. White dogs with reddish brown patches and self-colored yellow-brown ones are highly appreciated, but all white is a fault.
Height: 20 in.
Weight: 56 lbs.
This dog has a rather long body, which is well covered with thick, abundant coat. The skull is broad and domed; ears erect; eyes large, brown and intelligent; chest narrow and deep. His tail is sometimes docked, but when not is well coated and curled over the back. The coat on the head is short, but on the body should be long, thick and dense, and never wavy, and he should have a very dense undercoat and a distinct frill.
ESQUIMAU
Color: Black or rusty black with white patches, and white chest. Sometimes brown with gray patches and all white.
Height: 16 in.
Weight: 56 lbs.
This is a medium-sized, well-boned dog, with broad domed skull, rather snipy muzzle, with well defined “stop.” The ears are broad, pointed and carried erect, and the insides should be well coated. The eyes are small, dark in color, and of intelligent expression. The chest is broad rather than deep and the tail long, bushy and carried over the back. His coat is dense, flat, hard and long, especially on the back, with dense, woolly undercoat.
United States of America Breeds
BOSTON TERRIER AMERICAN BLOODHOUND CHESAPEAKE AMERICAN FOXHOUND
BOSTON TERRIER
Color: Brindle with even white markings.
Weight: Not exceeding 27 lbs., divided into three classes, as follows: A. under 17 lbs.; B. 17 to 22 lbs.; C. 22 to 27 lbs.
The general appearance of the Boston Terrier should be that of a lively, highly intelligent, smooth-coated, short headed, compactly built, short tailed, well balanced dog. The head should indicate a high degree of intelligence, the body rather short and well knit, limbs strong and neatly turned. This dog should convey an appearance of determination, strength and activity, with easy, graceful carriage. Color and even white markings are given particular consideration in the matter of general appearance. The skull is square, flat, free from wrinkles, abrupt brow, eyes wide apart, large and round, and dark in color. The muzzle is short, square, wide and deep, and free from wrinkles, and the ears should be small and thin. The body is deep with wide chest, and well sprung ribs. The tail is set on low, straight or screw, short, fine and tapering, and the coat is short, smooth and of fine texture.
AMERICAN BLOODHOUND
Color: Tan, black and tan. The black and tan must be well defined; white is not allowed except a small spot on the breast. Height: 28 in. Weight: 60 lbs.
A dog showing much hound character, but is smaller and lighter in muzzle and bone than the English Bloodhound. The skull should be rounded crossways with the occiput slightly prominent. The eyes are piercing with hound expression and hazel in color. The ears should reach to end of muzzle and as much longer as possible; they are thin, covered with a soft silky coat, and low set. The neck should be clean and of good length without throatiness. Back broad, strong and short and hind quarters very strong and muscular. The stern is not very strong in bone at the root and of medium length. The coat is not rough, nor so fine as to be silky, wiry or shaggy.
CHESAPEAKE
Color: Nearly resembling wet sedge grass or discolored coat of the Buffalo.
Height: 24 in.
Weight: 65 lbs.
A symmetrical and well built dog with a head somewhat broad, yellow eyes, small ears placed well upon the head, of lively and intelligent expression. Powerfully built, with a somewhat coarse coat which has a tendency to waviness over the shoulders. His skin is protected from the water by a short woolly and dense undercoat.
AMERICAN FOXHOUND
Color: Not material, but usually black and tan and white. Height: Males, 24 in. Weight: 60 lbs.
The American Foxhound is a strong, clean-limbed dog, built on lighter lines than his English brother and resembles him in all other essentials.
Mexican Breeds
MEXICAN HAIRLESS CHIHUAHUA
MEXICAN HAIRLESS
Color: Generally color of elephant’s hide. The skin always feels cold and is often mottled with flesh-colored, pink or grizzle patches. Weight: From 8 to 20 lbs.
In body properties they somewhat resemble the black and tan “Manchester” terrier. The “points” of this breed are not sufficiently well known to have enabled breeders to formulate a standard.
CHIHUAHUA
Color: Reddish black and fawn. Weight: From 1½ to 4 lbs.
This dog is strictly of Mexican origin, though it is also found in the state of Texas. It is the most diminutive of all breeds. Is remarkably game and exclusive in its affections. His legs are very slender and toe nails very long and strong, features which seem to justify the belief that in early days they inhabited the dense forests of northern Mexico. The head is round with sharp pointed nose, and large erect ears.
This breed is famous as a performing dog, being very intelligent and agile.
Japanese Breed
JAPANESE SPANIEL
JAPANESE SPANIEL
Color: Black and white, or red and white. The term red includes all shades of sable, brindle, lemon and orange, but the brighter and clearer the red the better. The white should be clear white and whatever color the patches are they should be evenly distributed over the body, cheeks and ears.
This is a lively, highly bred little dog, of dainty, smart appearance, compact carriage, profuse coat, and very stylish in movement. The head should be large, broad, and slightly rounded, with strong and wide muzzle, very short from eyes to nose. The under-jaw should be slightly turned up, but the teeth should not be shown. The nose should be wide and open, and must be the color of the dog’s markings. The eyes are large, dark, lustrous, prominent and set wide apart. Ears small, nicely feathered and set high on the head. The body is very compact and squarely built with short cobby back. In fact the length of the dog should be about equal to his total height. The tail is carried in a tight curl over the back and should be profusely feathered, so as to give the appearance of a beautiful plume.
During the last thirty years the popular taste for the Japanese Spaniel has called for smaller and smaller specimens, until now the more diminutive they are the more valuable have they become. In Japan they are affected by the ladies as “sleeve” dogs, such being almost priceless. It is not now uncommon to find them 2½ lbs. weight, though fully matured. These small specimens are now also freely bred in England, the climate of which country appears to suit them very well.
Chinese Breeds
PEKINGESE SPANIEL HAPPA CHOW-CHOW PUG CHINESE CRESTED LITTLE LION DOG
PEKINGESE
Color: All colors are allowable—red, fawn, black, black and tan, sable, brindle, white and parti-colors. Those with black masks and “spectacles” around the eyes and lines to ears are the most appreciated.
Weight: A. 10 to 18 lbs.; B. Under 10 lbs.
This is probably the most fashionable pet dog now in vogue. His character is full of dignity and consummate pride, and disgust for anything menial or common. His head is massive, broad, wide and flat between the ears and eyes. The eyes should be large, dark, prominent, round and lustrous. “Stop” deep. Ears heart-shaped, drooping and well feathered. Muzzle very short, broad and wrinkled. He has a heavy-fronted body and light hind quarters, and the great coat on the frill and neck give him a lion-like appearance. The coat should be long, straight and flat, with dense undercoat and well feathered on thighs, legs, tail and toes.
HAPPA
The Happa is identical in every respect with the Pekingese Spaniel, except that his coat is short and smooth.
CHOW-CHOW
Colors: Black, red, yellow, blue, white. All self-colors.
Height: 20 in.
Weight: 50 lbs.
A lively, compact, short-bodied dog with well-knit frame, and tail curled well over the back. The skull is flat and broad, well filled out under the eyes, and broad at the snout. His tongue should be black, eyes dark and small, though in the blue shades a lighter colored eye is permissible. The ears are small, pointed and erect, and should be placed well forward over the eyes, a feature which gives the dog a characteristic expression or “scowl” peculiar to the breed. The chest is broad and deep; back short, straight and strong, and his coat in the rough variety should be abundant, dense, straight, coarse in texture, with a soft woolly undercoat. Smooth-coated Chows are identically the same as above, except that the coat should be smooth, short and dense.
PUG
Color: Silver fawn, apricot fawn, black.
Height: 12 in.
Weight: 17 lbs.
This is a square and cobby dog, short in body, and wide in chest. His compactness of form and hardness of developed muscle are his chief characteristics. The head is large, massive and round, muzzle short, blunt and square, and he should have large and deep wrinkles. The eyes are very large, dark, bold and prominent, with a soft and solicitous expression, and when excited be full of “fire.” The ears are thin, small and soft and of two varieties as regards carriage—“rose” and “button.” The tail is curled as tightly as possible over the hip; a double curl is considered perfection. His coat is fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy, neither too hard nor too woolly.
CHINESE CRESTED DOG
Height: 12 in.
Weight: 20 lbs.
This is a hairless breed, except that he has a silky top-knot or crest, and some feathering or tuft at the root of the tail, which feature is considered very typical of the breed. It is difficult to assign its origin, but they are found freely in the South and Central American States, Mexico, South Africa and China. The ears should be carried erect and are never cut. The conformation of the body is like that of the black and tan terrier, but the head is shorter and the skull more rounded. The skin always feels cold and is of the color of the hide of an elephant. Some are mottled with flesh-colored patches, and sometimes the skin is of a pink color with grizzle patches.
LITTLE LION DOG
Color: All colors, self-colored or parti-colors. The most preferable being the self-colored white, black and lemon.
Height: 14 in.
Weight: 9 lbs.
This is a small ladies’ pet dog, very active and intelligent, generally with one-third of his body clipped or shaved, which gives him the appearance of a lion in miniature. The head is short and broad; eyes large, round and intelligent, and dark in color, and his well feathered ears are long and hanging. The tail is of medium length, is clipped at the root, and well feathered at the tip. The coat is long and wavy, but not curly.
Various Greyhounds
BALEARIC (Spain) PHU-QUOC (Siam) PERSIAN PORTUGUESE ARABIAN
In addition to the above named varieties of the Greyhound, there are others known as Greyhounds of Crimea, of Caucasus, of Circassia, of Tartary, of Kurdistan, and of Anatoly. None of these, however, have any adopted “points,” but are rather the result of crossings between the Borzoi and the different Asiatic greyhounds which are portrayed in other parts of this work.
As a general rule these dogs are used for hunting various kinds of fleet-footed game, sometimes in the interest of sport, but more frequently in the protection of the homestead against wolves and other kinds of wild beasts.
BALEARIC GREYHOUND
Color: Red fawn or fawn with white patches.
Height: 25 in.
Weight: 66 lbs.
This is a lean-looking dog and by no means elegant. The skull is slightly domed, narrow and long, and the jaws are long and powerful. His almond-shaped, brown eyes convey a sour expression. The ears are pointed, erect, set on high, turned outwards, and very movable. The head is lean and straight, neck straight and rather short, with short and powerful loins. The coat is short, hard and fairly long on the back, neck and tail.
PHU-QUOC GREYHOUND
Color: Reddish fawn with black muzzle and with dark strip down the back.
Height: 21 in.
Weight: 40 lbs.
This is a heavy kind of greyhound with a long, slightly domed skull, broad muzzle, jaw is long and powerful, lips and tongue black and with reddish eyes giving him a savage expression. The ears are carried erect, shell shaped and somewhat pointed. He is coarse in body, very long and flexible in neck, with broad and strong loins. The tail is short, very movable and carried curled over the back. The coat on the body and legs is very short and dense, and this dog is peculiar and different from any other kind in that the hair on the back grows the wrong way, and is much longer and harder there than on the rest of his body.
PORTUGUESE GREYHOUND
Color: Reddish-roe, dark yellow, mouse grey, or black, with small white patch only on the chest.
Height: 29 in.
Weight About 56 lbs.
A muscular and well-built dog, but rather coarse for a greyhound. The head is narrow and pointed, jaws long, strong and powerful, and his hazel-brown eyes convey a lively expression. The ears are large, carried erect, sometimes semi-erect, pointed and set on not too high. The back is long and slightly arched, with muscular and rather coarse body, tail long and fine, carried upwards in a slight curve. Coat is smooth and in others wire-haired or broken.
PERSIAN GREYHOUND
Color: Black, various shades of fawn and sometimes a dirty white.
Height: 28 in.
Weight: 70 lbs.