Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine

The diseases affecting bony tissues may broadly be divided into local and general. Local diseases like ostitis, periostitis, necrosis, fracture, etc., are somewhat rare, and are...

Congestion of the claws is not infrequently confused with contusion of the sole. It is, however, essentially different, and presents closer analogies with laminitis. The conditi...

Inflammation of the synovial membranes, or synovitis, may affect the synovial sacs either of the joints or of the tendon sheaths. It may be acute or chronic and occur either idi...

The biceps femoris muscle extends from the superior spinous process of the sacrum to the region of the patella and the external surface of the thigh. Above, it is inserted into...

In bovine pathology the term “Rheumatism” is applied to a number of different morbid conditions, the sole connection between which is that they seriously affect the organs of lo...

=Definition.= By stomatitis we mean inflammation of the buccal mucous membrane. Stomatitis may be simple—_i.e._, due to accidental causes, to varying local forms of irritation,...

The term “parotiditis” indicates an inflammatory condition of the parotid gland. Of this disease several forms exist. The disease is termed simple when due to accidental causes...

The œsophageal tube is of very simple anatomical construction, and performs an equally simple physiological function; nevertheless, in the ox it is liable to a large number of d...

Depraved appetite, causing animals to swallow bodies which cannot properly be described as food, is frequent. The condition is commonest in adult animals of the bovine species,...

=Causation.= Acute primary inflammation of the first gastric reservoirs, viz., the rumen and reticulum, is not common. It sometimes accompanies such infectious disorders as foot...

Enteritis consists in inflammation of the intestine, or, more precisely, in inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane. All the constituent portions of the intestinal tube m...

Under this title are included all forms of poisoning resulting from the ingestion of bad fodder. Such expressions as “intestinal typhus” and “typhic gastro-enteritis” only indic...

Parasites of the digestive apparatus are extremely common in ruminants, some, like the infusoria of the rumen, being of no importance, others, on the contrary, appearing to play...

From the physiological standpoint the liver is an organ of such importance that its pathology should be studied as completely as possible. Furthermore, it is often the seat of a...

From the clinical standpoint a study of the respiratory apparatus implies the examination of the nostrils, nasal cavities, frontal and maxillary sinuses, larynx, trachea, and, f...

Simple acute coryza, or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities, is of comparatively trifling importance in bovine animals, and, were it not for the possibilit...

Laryngeal diseases are common, but are usually only the local expression of some grave general infection, such as foot-and-mouth disease, gangrenous coryza, or tuberculosis. Pat...

Besides passive congestions of the lung, which it is unnecessary to describe here, and which result from cardiac or pericardiac affections or the compression of important vessel...

The mediastinum is a space enclosed in the median plane of the thorax by the approach of the two opposite layers of pleura. Needless to say, at those points where the layers are...

Ectopia of the heart, _i.e._, congenital malformation in which the heart is displaced from its normal position and thrust sometimes completely beyond the thoracic cavity, is not...

=Specific pericarditis= may be produced by the tubercle bacillus, or it may develop during an attack of contagious peripneumonia. Tuberculous or peripneumonic forms of pericardi...

If the symptoms of pericardial diseases are well defined, we cannot say the same of diseases of the heart, properly so-called. Such affections often pass unnoticed, being detect...

Diseases of vessels, arteries or veins, in animals of the bovine and ovine species are frequently nothing more than localisations of grave general disorders, and rarely admit of...

The disease was studied by Poels in Holland in 1889, Dèle in Belgium in 1891, Perroncito in Italy, Galtier in the centre of France in 1891–92, and quite recently by Nocard in Ir...

Diseases of the lymphatics are numerous, highly important, and still imperfectly understood. They follow various accidents, local inflammations, certain specific diseases, such...

Peritonitis, _i.e._, inflammation of the peritoneum, may attack any of the domesticated animals. It must, however, be regarded as an almost accidental and relatively infrequent...

This variety is very common in young pigs, on account of their anatomical peculiarities and of the persistence and enlargement of the inguinal canal. Loops of intestine, impelle...

In young animals the extremity of the glans penis and the margins of the sheath are not infrequently studded with polypi, soft swellings of papillomatous or verrucous appearance...

Simple acute cystitis occurs most commonly in the cow, less frequently in the ox, and rarely in the pig or sheep. Female animals are more subject to it than males.

Congestion of the kidneys is not a morbid condition in the strict sense of the term, for it is merely the forerunner of nephritis caused by infectious diseases or intoxications...

=Semiology.= The examination of the genital apparatus properly so called is easy in animals of large size, whether male or female, but is more delicate and difficult, and is som...

In animals used for the purpose of providing milk, viz., cows, goats, and milch ewes, diseases of the mammary glands are of daily occurrence, but are rare in those in which the...

Changes in the milk are so common and play so important a part in the milk industry that it is absolutely necessary to mention the more important, the country veterinary surgeon...

The scrotum and testicles seldom reveal more than mechanical injuries of external origin, producing wounds and cuts and, in the case of severe contusions, hæmatoma of the scrotu...

Under the name of eczema may be grouped a series of cutaneous diseases characterised by pruritus, by a discharge from the skin, or simply by epidermic proliferation, without any...

=Causation.= These diseases are due to the presence of various parasites which live by destroying the epidermic scales, or by piercing the superficial layers of the skin. They a...

The old term “ringworm” is still used to indicate a well-marked skin disease due to parasitic fungi which grow at the expense of the epidermis. Other names, such as dermatophyti...

Warts are cutaneous tumours, real papillomata, which most commonly attack young animals such as heifers. As a rule they are pedunculated, smooth, wrinkled or deeply cracked on t...

By subcutaneous emphysema is meant the condition produced by the entrance of air or gas into the subcutaneous and interstitial connective tissue. Emphysema may remain localised...

The safe and efficient performance of surgical operations renders it necessary that the animal should first of all be placed under complete control. This precaution, therefore,...

=Bleeding from the Jugular.=—The animal having been suitably fixed, the jugular is raised by means of a cord drawn tightly round the base of the neck, and the vessel is opened w...

The customary operations on the apparatus of locomotion are almost entirely confined to the feet. They consist in operations for sand crack, picked-up nail, stabs by nails and b...

This operation is customary in countries where pigs are allowed to roam more or less at liberty, and it is necessary to adopt some precaution to prevent them from uprooting the...

In the former case the point selected is in the direction of the axis of the horn core, about ¾ of an inch nearer the middle line than the base of the horn itself.

In the domestic ruminants the penis exhibits a peculiar =S=-shaped curve, situated in the subpubic region (Fig. 226), so that when operation on the urethra, or even on the extre...