Part 31

A Parliament of Richard II, assembled in 1388. It consisted almost entirely of partisans of the Duke of Gloucester, and during a session of 122 days was mainly occupied in the removal of his enemies. It is also known as the Merciless Parliament.

Wood’s Halfpence.

A controversy between the English and Irish Parliaments in 1722, over a patent granted to an Englishman named Wood, to coin copper money for issue in Ireland. Dean Swift’s famous “Drapier’s Letters” appeared on the Irish side of the controversy, and eventually the patent was withdrawn.

World’s Wonder.

The sobriquet of Frederick II, Emperor of Germany (1215-50).

Worms, Concordat of.

A concordat negotiated at the Synod of Mayence, and proclaimed at Worms in 1122, by which the Pope agreed to the election of bishops and abbots by their chapters, throughout the German Empire. The Emperor renounced the right of investiture with the ring and staff, but it was agreed that this investiture should not take place till the newly elected prelate had sworn fealty to the Emperor. This concordat was confirmed by the first Lateran Council in 1123.

Worms, Diet of.

A Diet held in 1521, to which Luther was summoned, under a safe conduct, in order that he might have the opportunity of retracting his heresies. This he declined to do, and but for the assistance of the Elector of Saxony, he would very probably have met with the fate of John Huss under similar circumstances.

Worms, Edict of.

An edict issued by the Diet of Worms in 1521, outlawing Luther, and all those who sheltered or aided him, or who printed, sold or read his works.

Worms, Treaty of.

An alliance between England, Holland, Austria, Saxony and Sardinia, signed in 1743, to uphold the Pragmatic Sanction.

Würtzburg, League of.

A league of the Catholic princes of Germany, formed in 1610, under Maximilian of Bavaria, to oppose the Protestant Union.

Wyandotte Constitution.

The Constitution of Kansas, adopted in 1859, under which Kansas was admitted to the Union. It abolished slavery throughout the State.

Wyoming Massacre.

During the American War of Independence in 1778, the settlement in the Valley of Wyoming, Pennsylvania, was attacked by the British, together with a band of Seneca Indians. Most of the able-bodied men were in the field under Washington, and only 300 opposed the British force, which overpowered them, and accepted their surrender. It was, however, impossible to control the Indians, who later again attacked the settlement, and massacred a large number of the inhabitants.

X

X Y Z Mission.

An American mission despatched to France in 1797. Attempts were made to bribe them, the agents employed using, in their correspondence, the initials X, Y, Z.

Y

Yandabo, Treaty of.

A treaty between Great Britain and Burmah, signed in 1826, at the end of the Burmah War of 1824, whereby Great Britain acquired Arrakan and Tenasserim.

Yangtse Agreement.

_See_ Anglo-German Agreement.

Yankee.

The name first applied to the colonists in the New England States by the British soldiers during the American War of Independence. It is supposed to be derived from an Indian corruption of English--“Yengies,” or “Yanghies.”

Year of Corbie.

This name was given by the French during the Thirty Years’ War to the year 1636, when the Imperial troops penetrated into France to Corbie, within fifty miles of Paris, and apparently had the capital at their mercy. They preferred, however, to retire, loaded with booty, but the imminent danger was long an unpleasant memory to the Parisians.

Young Cub.

Charles James Fox (1749-1806) was so called.

Young Czechs.

The Radical section of the Czech or National Party in Bohemia.

Young England.

The party of young Tories who strongly opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws from 1839 to 1846, and favoured a return to the manners and customs of an earlier day. Among its leaders was Lord John Manners.

Young Ireland Party.

A party formed in Ireland in 1847, as a rival association to the Repealers who followed O’Connell. Their leaders were Smith O’Brien, Meagher and Mitchel, and they were in favour of physical force rather than of constitutional agitation. An abortive attempt at a rising under their auspices in 1848 was easily suppressed, and the society came to an end immediately afterwards.

Young Italy.

A secret society founded by Mazzini about 1830, to work for the emancipation of Italy.

Young Pretender.

Charles Edward Stuart, son of James Edward, and grandson of James II, was so called by the supporters of the Hanoverian succession.

Young Turks.

The Turkish reform party. For obvious reasons they are for the most part resident beyond the limits of the Turkish Empire.

Z

Zanzibar, Treaty of.

A treaty between Germany and Zanzibar, signed in 1885. The Sultan of Zanzibar thereby recognized Germany’s rights over Chagga and Kilimanjaro, and accorded certain trade facilities to the German East Africa Company.

Zaporovian Commonwealth.

A community of Free Cossacks on the Dnieper. They were not finally deprived of their independence till the reign of Catherine II, circ. 1780.

Zehngerichtenbund.

_See_ Ten Jurisdictions.

Zelanti.

A body of Cardinals, headed by Cardinal Orsini, who had great influence in Rome circ. 1700, and whose efforts were directed towards stricter discipline in the Church.

Zemindars.

Under the Mohammedan rulers of India, the Zemindars were officers who were charged with the collection of taxes over a certain district. In 1793 these officers were, in Bengal, converted by Lord Cornwallis into landowners, each in his own district, who alone paid land-tax to the Government, and recouped themselves by rents received from the peasants or ryots. This system is known as the Zemindari System.

Zemstvo.

The Russian provincial and district assemblies are so called. The Zemstvo is elected, in certain fixed proportions, by the landowners, the village communes and the municipalities. It meets at least once a year, but has a permanent bureau, always in session, chosen from among its members for executive purposes. It is charged with the maintenance of roads and bridges and other public works, and the supervision of education, sanitation and agriculture. It also elects the local justices of the peace.

Zollverein.

A union of the German States for commercial purposes, entered into under the auspices of Prussia in 1833. It provided for free internal trade, and a uniform system of customs duties for the whole union.

Zurich, Compromise of.

An attempt by Calvin and Farel, in 1549, to amalgamate the different doctrines of Calvin and Zwingli. It met with little acceptance on the part of the Protestant Cantons.

Zurich, Treaty of.

A treaty signed in 1859 confirming the Treaty of Villafranca, which provided for the cession by Austria of Lombardy, to be transferred by France to Sardinia.

INDEX

Aargau, 231.

Abbaside Khalifs, 23.

Abd-el-Kader, 247.

Abdallah, King of Granada, 1.

Abdul Hamed, Sultan of Turkey, 140.

Abdul Mejid, Sultan of Turkey, 115.

Aboyne, Lord, 42.

Abyssinia, 2, 172.

Acre, 134.

Adams, Samuel, 91, 171.

Adansi, 96.

Addison, Joseph, 139.

Adige (River), 154.

Adjanta Ghât, 235.

Adrian I, Pope, 78.

Adrian IV, Pope, 3.

Adrian VI, Pope, 218.

Adrianople, 3.

Adolphus Frederick of Holstein, 2.

Æthelfled, 95, 141.

Æthelred I, 176.

Æthelred the Unready, 72, 104, 118, 221.

Æthelstan, 117.

Æthelwulf, 193.

Afghanistan, 103, 105, 166, 188, 217, 234.

Afridis, 105, 166.

Agilulf, King of the Lombards, 129.

Ahausen, 204.

Ahmed I, Sultan of Turkey, 174.

Ahmednaggar, 235.

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, 20, 201.

Alabama, 112.

Alabama claims, 275.

Alaska, 11, 26.

Albania, 130, 277.

Albert II, Emperor, 201.

Albert of Brandenburg, 251.

Albuquerque, Alfonso d’, 200.

Alemtejo, 97.

Alençon, 106.

Alençon, Duc d’, 201.

Alexander III, Pope, 3, 48, 190.

Alexander IV, Pope, 150.

Alexander V, Pope, 122, 196, 226.

Alexander VI, Pope, 75, 122, 222.

Alexander I of Russia, 261.

Alexander II of Russia, 174, 230.

Alexander I of Scotland, 232.

Alexander III of Scotland, 156.

Alexandria, 13, 70.

Alfonso I of Aragon, 93.

Alfonso III of Aragon, 13.

Alfonso V of Spain, 102.

Alfonso VI of Spain, 53.

Alfonso the Wise, 234.

Alfred the Great, 79, 141, 160, 170, 276.

Algarves, 97.

Algeria, 233, 247.

Allahabad, 27, 125.

Allen, Cardinal, 3.

Alsace, 99, 163, 191, 277.

Althorp, Lord, 128.

Alva, Duke of, 33, 245.

Amadeus V of Savoy, 12.

Amatongaland, 246.

Amazon (River), 43.

Amboyna, 239.

Amiens, 270.

Amoy, 180.

Amsterdam, 225.

Amurath I, Sultan of Turkey, 131.

Anabaptists, 213.

Anatolia, 14.

Ancona, 256.

Andrassy, Count, 10.

Andres, Last of the Incas, 213.

Andrew II of Hungary, 107.

Anglo-Saxons, 34, 39, 50, 82, 88, 92, 95, 96, 100, 103, 104, 116, 117, 118, 122, 142, 149, 156, 160, 181, 221, 222, 232, 238, 249, 251, 260, 263, 272, 276, 278.

Angola, 63.

Angus, Archibald Sixth Earl of, 18.

Aniello, Tommaso, 161.

Anjou, 1, 38, 101.

Annam, 31, 99, 121, 254.

Anne Boleyn, 244.

Anne de Joyeuse, 217.

Anne of England, 37, 88, 149, 192, 203, 206, 231, 246, 253, 267.

Anne of Austria, 82.

Anne, Regent of France, 112, 124.

Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, 26.

Anspach, 204, 227.

Antigua, 38.

Antrim, 242.

Antwerp, 101, 158, 239, 274.

Appenzell, 144, 252.

Arabi Pasha, 81.

Arabia, 166, 274.

Arad, 122.

Aragon, 13, 135, 167.

Arbitration Tribunal, 113.

Archaicus of Scotland, 253.

Arcis-sur-Aube, 15.

Ardalian, 28.

Ardrossan, 274.

Argentine Republic, 104, 196, 259, 269.

Argyll, Archibald Fifth Earl of, 69.

Argyll, Archibald Eighth Earl of, 124, 213, 214.

Arizona, 103.

Arkansas, 26.

Arlington, Henry Earl of, 42.

Armagnacs, 185, 262.

Armellini, 218.

Armenians, 112, 118.

Arminians, 65, 79, 108, 213.

Armstrong, William, 138.

Arnauld, Antoine, 131, 199.

Arnold of Brescia, 117.

Arracan, 280.

Arteveldt, James van, 39.

Artois, 105, 158, 205.

Ashanti, 96.

Ashbourne, Lord, 128.

Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury, 42.

Assi, 60.

Assumptionists, 18.

Atalanta, 232.

Athens, 78.

Athole, Earl of, 206.

Atterbury, Bishop, 19.

Auckland, Lord, 234.

Auerstadt, Battle of, 31.

Augsburg Confession, 203, 227, 249.

Augsburg, Diet of, 235.

Augsburg, League of, 220.

Augsburg, Religious Peace of, 212.

_Augustinus_, 124, 131.

Augustus II of Poland, 197, 224.

Austerlitz, Battle of, 253.

Australia, 20, 91, 100, 124.

Austrian Succession, War of the, 201.

Auxerre, 15.

Avalos, Ferdinand de, 225.

Avignon, 256.

Azores, 75.

Azov, 140, 204.

Babek, 136.

Bacon, Nathaniel, 21, 109.

Baden, 105, 202, 215.

Bagimont of Vicci, 21.

Baillie of Jerviswood, 132.

Baji Rao II, 25.

Bakunin, Michael, 127.

Balaclava, Battle of, 73.

Balasore, 75.

Baldwin I of Flanders, 37.

Balfour, A. J., 98.

Balfour, Sir James, 69.

Ballard, Father, 21.

Balliol, Edward, 67, 156.

Balliol, John, 256.

Baltic, 239, 251, 278.

Baltimore, Lord, 161.

Banér, Johan Gustafsson, 148.

Bantry Bay, 175.

Baramahal, 230.

Barbaroux, 92.

Barbés, 222.

Barbiano, Count, 221.

Barcelona, 64.

Barclay, Sir George, 16.

Barebone, Praise-God, 23, 176.

Barlaymont, 65.

Barlow, Sir George, 155.

Barneveldt, Jan van Olden, 15.

Baro (River), 2.

Baroda, 23.

Barré, Isaac, 238.

Barrot, Odilon, 61.

Barton, Elizabeth, 177.

Basle, 225, 252.

Bassano, Duc de, 164, 254.

Bassein, 193, 245.

Basutos, 7, 124, 175, 237, 251.

Batapins, 242.

Bates’ Case, 35.

Bath, William, Earl of, 233.

Batman, John, 199.

Batoum, 28.

Bautzen, Battle of, 236.

Bavaria, 19, 25, 103, 105, 150, 215, 221, 235, 271.

Bayard, Seigneur de, 52.

Bayonne, I.

Beaconsfield, Lord, 28.

Beaugé, Battle of, 262.

Bechuanaland, 136, 168, 242.

Becket, Thomas à, 65.

Bedford, John, Duke of, 94.

Bedford, John, Fourth Duke of, 26.

Belesme, 106.

Belfort, 100.

Belgium, 7, 27, 45, 57, 151, 154, 187, 215, 228.

Benedict IX, Pope, 37.

Benedict XII, Pope, 213.

Benedict XIII, Pope, 196.

Bengal, 281.

Benigsen, Baron, 171.

Berar, 75, 198.

Bérenger, Loi, 150.

Berg, 215.

Berghem, 158.

Berlichingen, Götz von, 130, 191.

Berlin, 4, 63, 134.

Berlin Congress, 120, 224.

Bermudez, 88.

Bernadotte, 137.

Bernard, 222.

Berne, 46, 84, 146, 200, 208, 231, 256.

Berri, Duc de, 63.

Berry, Sir Graham, 86.

Bessarabia, 27, 28.

Bessborough, Earl of, 29.

Beza, 58.

Bezuidenhoot, Jan, 236.

Billioray, 60.

Birmingham, 210.

Biron, Baron de, 30.

Biscay, 46.

Bismarck, Otto von, 33, 46, 48, 99, 112, 120, 129, 134, 164, 212, 214.

Black Sea, 5, 27, 32, 47, 136, 188, 220.

Blackburn, 32.

Blackheath, 96.

Blaine, J. G., 35, 185, 248.

Blair, F. P., 139.

Blanche of Castile, 24.

Bland, Mr., 32.

Blanqui, Louis Auguste, 60, 222.

Blennerhassett, Harman, 42.

Bligh, Admiral, 36.

Bloemfontein, 33.

Blount, Sir James, 239.

Blucher, Marshal, 98.

Blue Nile, 2.

Boccold, John, 9.

Boer War, 4, 61, 114, 157, 171, 269.

Bogdan of Moldavia, 166.

Bohemia, 157, 168, 179, 180, 201, 202, 280.

Bolingbroke, Henry, Viscount, 178, 190.

Bolivar, Simon, 109, 147, 255.

Bolivia, 9, 184, 225.

Bologna, 10, 145.

Bombay, 35, 189.

Bond, Sir Robert, 35.

Boniface VIII, Pope, 56, 146, 191, 264.

Bonnivard, François de, 203.

Booth, John Wilkes, 35.

Bordeaux, 1, 182, 196.

Boris of Russia, 75.

Bosnia, 28, 217.

Bosphorus, 188, 266.

Bossuet, 56, 211.

Boston, 36, 69, 211, 249.

Bothwell, 48, 69.

Bouillon, Godefroi de, 56, 146.

Boulanger, General, 36.

Boulogne, 36, 48.

Boulonnais, 15.

Bourbon, Adalbert de, 172.

Bourbon, Cardinal de, 133.

Bourbon, Duc de, 29, 201.

Bourbon, General de, 32.

Bourbons, 46, 276.

Bourges, 190.

Bover, 126.

Boycott, Captain, 37.

Boyens, Adrian, 225.

Brabant, 76, 105, 133, 163.

Bradlaugh, Charles, 203.

Braemar, Hunting of, 122.

Brahminism, 16, 37, 104, 139, 234, 244, 245, 268.

Brazil, 43, 74, 87, 256, 259, 261.

Breda, 38.

Brederode, Count Henry of, 112.

Bregenz, 144.

Bremen, 100, 114, 242, 277.

Brescia, 117.

Bresse, 256.

Brétigny, Peace of, 100, 277.

Bretwalda, 117.

Bridgwater, 138.

Briel, 49.

Bright, John, 3, 39, 101, 120, 260.

Brissot, J.P., 39.

Bristol, 39.

British Columbia, 11, 45.

British Guiana, 180, 227, 269.

British South Africa Company, 131.

Brittany, 18, 38, 106.

Brittany, Duke of, 29, 63.

Brooke, George, 42.

Brown, John, 115.

Brown, Major-General, 1.

Brownists, 125.

Bruce, Robert, 176, 209.

Bruges, 107, 158.

Brunswick, Duke of, 31.

Brussels, 40, 193.

Buccleugh, Lord of, 138.

Bucer, Martin, 251.

Buchanan, Mr., 183.

Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 42.

Bulgaria, 6, 24, 28, 41, 55, 224, 237.

Bundelcund, 207.

Burdett, Sir Francis, 207.

Burgos, 41.

Burgundians, 261.

Burgundy, 15, 110, 155, 163.

Burgundy, Duke of, 29.

Burke, Edward, 2.

Burke, T. H., 127, 195.

Burleigh, Cecil Lord, 50.

Burmah, 71, 119, 280.

Burns, John, 257.

Burr, Aaron, 42.

Burrard, Sir Harry, 54.

Caboche, 43.

Cade, Jack, 60, 198.

Cadiz, 64.

Cadiz, Duke of, 239.

Cadoudal, Georges, 53, 195.

Cahors, 9.

Cairns, Earl, 98, 230.

Calais, 38.

Calcutta, 31.

California, 13, 61, 107, 111, 143, 169.

Calixtus II, Pope, 143.

Callao, 147.

Calvin, John, 44, 63, 116, 199, 281.

Calvinists, 44, 63, 108, 116, 122, 141, 147.

Cambacérès, Jean Jacques de, 58.

Cambray, Peace of, 184.

Cambridge, 266.

Camerata, Count, 218.

Cameron, Richard, 44, 224.

Camissards, 87.

Campbells, 107.

Canada, 16, 45, 56, 81, 92, 95, 96, 113, 114, 121, 191, 206, 209, 216, 261.

Canning, George, 135.

Canning, Lord, 56, 183.

Canning, Sir Stratford, 85, 115.

Canossa, 46.

Canton, 180, 247.

Cape Cod, 162.

Cape Colony, 3, 31, 33, 41, 59, 76, 82, 94, 106, 116, 118, 123, 135, 138, 171, 186, 187, 197, 204, 236, 259, 276.

Cape Verde, 256.

Cappel, 46.

Caraffa, John, 251.

Carbonari, 224.

Cardwell, Lord, 15.

Carelia, 177, 243.

Caribbean Sea, 40, 239.

Carisbrooke, 273.

Carlisle, 138.

Carlists, 28.

Carlos, Don, 46.

Carlowitz, Treaty of, 190.

Carlsbad, 47.

Carlyle, Thomas, 266.

Carmarthen, Lord, 175.

Carmel Mount, 47.

Carnarvon, Lord, 232.

Carnot, Lazare Nicolas, 182.

Carolina, 47, 166.

Caroline Islands, 47.

Carrier, 177.

Carpathians, 248.

Cartwright, Thomas, 3.

Casimir the Great of Poland, 278.

Caspian Sea, 112.

Cassano, Battle of, 150.

Cassilis, Earl of, 18.

Cassini, Count, 48.

Castriot, George, 6, 130, 277.

Castro, Thomas, 55.

Catalonia, 4.

Câteau Cambrésis, Treaty of, 270.

Catesby, Robert, 112.

Catherine of Aragon, 177, 244.

Catherine of France, 261.

Catherine II of Russia, 49, 67, 132, 140, 166, 197, 229, 243, 248, 281.

Cavagnari, Sir Louis, 104.

Cavaignac, General, 18.

Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 127, 195.

Cavour, Count, 130.

Cawnpore, 50.

Cayenne, 38.

Cayugas, 96.

Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, 42.

Cerdagne, 23.

Cellier, Mrs., 162.

Celts, 29, 38, 88.

Central America, 53, 62, 72, 185.

Cevennes, 262.

Ceylon, 9.

Chagga, 281.

Chalmers, Dr., 100, 270.

Chamberlain, Joseph, 58, 120, 219.

Chambord, Comte de, 146.

Chambul (River), 207.

Chang How, 140.

Chantaboon, 99.

Charleroi, 24.

Charlemagne, 78, 119, 185, 269.

Charles of Anjou, 233.

Charles, Archduke of Austria, 239.

Charles of Blois, 252.

Charles, Dauphin of France, 38.

Charles I of England, 15, 25, 28, 33, 50, 84, 87, 95, 106, 124, 152, 155, 161, 174, 176, 194, 211, 213, 219, 224, 233, 238, 244, 260, 266, 267, 273.

Charles II of England, 1, 30, 31, 35, 38, 42, 47, 55, 58, 66, 69, 74, 79, 89, 111, 121, 132, 148, 163, 179, 194, 199, 203, 211, 213, 220, 238, 241, 256, 260, 269.

Charles I of France (the Bold), 40, 163, 178, 269.

Charles III of France (the Simple), 35.

Charles V of France, 25, 60.

Charles VI of France, 14, 181, 262.

Charles VII of France, 15, 99, 200, 201.

Charles VIII of France, 23.

Charles IX of France, 131, 221, 261.

Charles X of France, 134, 182, 215.

Charles IV of Germany, 107, 194.

Charles V of Germany, 23, 44, 47, 48, 93, 105, 107, 119, 125, 127, 135, 153, 155, 184, 190, 210, 212, 218, 225, 228, 256.

Charles VI of Germany, 20, 200.

Charles VII of Germany, 99.

Charles III of Savoy, 12, 239.

Charles II of Spain, 239.

Charles III of Spain, 201.

Charles IV of Spain, 97, 199, 203.

Charles X of Sweden, 217.

Charles XII of Sweden, 6, 39, 155, 204, 207, 224.

Charles the Bold of Burgundy, 193.

Charles the Good of Flanders, 144.

Charleston, 211.

Charolais, Comte de, 63.

Charterhouse, 48.

Chartres, 51, 152.

Chartreuse, Grande, 48.

Chattanooga, Battle of, 50.

Chefoo, 52.

Cherbourg, 43.

Chesnelong, M. de, 265.

Chester, 52, 68.

Chiavenna, 167.

Chicago, 91.

Chihli, 247.

Chile, 9, 168, 184, 192, 225.

Chillon, Castle of, 203.

China, 4, 10, 19, 37, 48, 52, 97, 110, 140, 148, 152, 159, 164, 170, 172, 180, 186, 192, 233, 234, 247, 254, 259, 262, 274.

Chinandega, 53.

Choshiu, 71.

Chotusitz, Battle of, 38.

Chouiski, 27.

Christian (Mate of the _Bounty_), 36.

Christian of Anhalt, 204.

Christian II of Denmark, 33.

Christian III of Denmark, 91, 208.

Christian IV of Denmark, 153.

Christian V of Denmark, 72, 85, 135.

Christian IX of Denmark, 226.

Christian of Schleswig Holstein, 15, 226.

Christian of Spain, 53, 88, 140.

Christina of Sweden, 165, 237.

Churchill, Lord Randolph, 98, 257.

Cinq Mars, 53.

Cis-Alpine Republic, 45.

Ciudad Rodrigo, 256.

Clare, County, 250, 257.

Clare, Richard de, 192, 243.

Clarendon, Lord, 47, 55.

Clay, Henry, 147, 228.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 55, 116.

Clement V, Pope, 21, 249, 251, 272, 273.

Clement VII, Pope, 23, 119, 226.

Clement XIV, Pope, 78, 124.

Cleveland, President, 170, 180, 269.

Clifford, Lord High Treasurer, 42.

Clifford, Mr. (O.P. Riots), 177.

Clovis, 222.

Cluseret, 60.

Cobbett, W., 207.

Cobden, Richard, 12, 101, 159.

Cobham, Lord, 42.

Cochin China, 99.

Cochrane, Earl of Mar, 27.

Cockerton, T. B., 57.

Cognac, 221.

Colbert, J. B., 141.

Coligny, Admiral, 221.

Colley, General, 157.

Collings, Jesse, 253.

Cologne, 114, 228.

Colombia, United States of, 186.

Colorado, 50.

Columbia, District of, 61.

Columbus, Ohio, 141.

Columbus, Christopher, 222.

Combes, M., 18, 33.

Comyn, Alexander, 209.

Condé, Louis, Prince de, 7, 82, 228.

Condé, Henri, Prince de, 184.

Condorcanqui, 213.

Conflans, Treaty of, 29.

Congo Free State, 63, 40, 127.

Conkling, Roscoe, 240.

Connaught, 34, 60, 257.

Connecticut, 34, 62, 101, 113, 153, 173, 177, 252.

Connemara, 121.

Conrad II, Emperor, 190.

Conrad III, Emperor, 112.

Constance, 144.

Constance, Council of, 123, 226.

Constance, Diet of, 259.

Constance, Peace of, 150.

Constantine, Grand Duke of Russia, 73.

Constantinople, 14, 226, 233.

Conway (American Cabal), 43.

Corbie, 280.

Cornwall, 96, 241.

Cornwallis, Lord, 28, 175, 198, 281.

Corsica, 130.

Corsini, Count, 218.

Cortes, Hernando, 175.

Corti, Count, 67.

Cossacks, 281.

Courtrai, Battle of, 240.

Courtray, 4.

Couthon, G., 172.

Covenanters, 144, 207, 224, 245, 261, 275, 277.

Coventry, 266.

Coventry, Sir James, 69.

Cowper-Temple, 69.

Cranborne, Lord, 145.

Craven, Lord, 47.

Crete, 70.

Crichtons of Frendraught, 41.

Crim Tartary, 67, 140.

Crimea, 140, 188, 197, 225.

Croatia, 235.

Croker, John Wilson, 63.

Cromwell, Oliver, 74, 94, 121, 125, 126, 130, 146, 152, 157, 179, 184, 194, 211, 213, 214, 219, 228, 230, 231, 260, 273.

Cromwell, Richard, 38, 206.

Crusades, 7, 222.

Cuba, 8, 206, 209.

Culloden, Battle of, 42, 98, 143.

Cumberland, Duke of, 42, 56, 98.

Cunningham Graham, 257.

Curran, J.P., 265.

Custer, General, 71.

Cuyuni (River), 268.

Cyprus, 71.

Czartoryski, Adam, 261.

Czechs, 201, 280.

D’Alembert, J. le R., 87.

D’Artois, Comte, 195.

D’Avila, Sancho, 239.

D’Enghien, Duc, 195.

D’Este, Marquis, 150.

D’Estrées, Maréchal, 56.

Dalai Lama, 250.

Dalhousie, Lord, 245, 247, 253.

Dalmatia, 45, 130, 181.

Dalrymple, Sir Hew, 54.

Damascus, 145.

Danes, 72, 82, 95, 142, 221, 275, 276.

Dangerfield, 162.

Danton, G. J., 143, 165, 169.

Dantzig, 114, 197.

Danube, 3, 32, 72, 122, 188.

Dardanelles, 188, 266.

Dardanelles, Treaty of, 134.

Darling, Sir Charles, 270.

Darnley, Lord, 48, 220.

Dashkoff, Princess, 49.

Daulat Rao Sindhia, 235.

David I of Scotland, 211.

Davis, Jefferson, 62.

Davitt, Michael, 142.

De l’Hôpital, Chancellor, 169, 182, 218.

De la Marck, William, 26.

De Lesseps, Comte, 186.

De Montfort, Count Simon, 6.

De Montford, Simon, Earl of Leicester, 24, 77, 136, 146.

De Thou, 54.

De Witte, Admiral, 38.

Deccan, 195.

Defoe, D., 145.

Delagoa Bay Railway, 81.

Delaware, 35, 76, 161, 176, 252.

Delaware (River), 95.

Demarcation, Bull of, 256.

Demetrius Ivanovitch of Russia, 75.

Denkera, 96.

Denmark, 33, 35, 38, 40, 72, 82, 85, 91, 114, 135, 137, 139, 151, 153, 208, 216, 217, 226, 239, 255, 265, 274.

Derby, 95.

Derby, Edward, Earl of, 75, 145, 220, 249, 278.

Dermot, King of Leinster, 243.

Derry, 264.

Derwentwater, Lord, 94.

Deshima, 8.

Desmond, Earl of, 162.

Desmoulins, Camille, 143.

Despard, Colonel, 76.

Despencers, The, 277.

Devonshire, William, 1st Duke of, 175.

Devonshire, Spencer, 8th Duke of, 39, 120.

Dhuleep Singh, 141, 205.

Diaz de Vivar, Rodrigo, 53.

Diderot, Denis, 87.

Dindigul, 230.

Dingaan, 76.

Dinizulu, 173.

Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, 145, 249.

Dnieper (River), 67, 197, 281.

Dniester (River), 132.

Doab, 141.

Doctrinaires, 180.

Döllinger, Dr., 179.

Dominicans, 126.

Don (River), 67.

Donauwörth, Troubles of, 204.

Donegal, Marquis of, 242.

Dongan, Thomas, 79.

Donis, Statute de, 276.

Donnelly, Ignatius, 199.

Doria, Andrea, 91, 93.

Dorr, Thomas W., 79.

Dorset, Earl of, 175.

Dort, Synod of, 15, 108.

Dost Mahomed, 234.

Dozsa, George, 80, 140.

Douglas, Archibald, Earl of Angus, 27.

Douglas, Sir James, 79.

Douglasses, The, 56.

Dover, 54.

Dow Win Sheou, 186.

Down, County, 242.

Drake, Sir Francis, 127.

Drakensberg, 171.

_Drapier’s Letters_, 279.

Dreyfus, Captain, 80.

Druses, 145.

Drutsch (River), 197.

Du Breuil, Peter, 153.

Du Tremblay, François, 37, 86.

Dublin, 48, 195.

Duclair, 81.

Duguesclin, Bertrand, 82.

Dunbar, 30, 67.

Dunbar, Earl of, 132.

Dunes, Battle of, 205.

Dunois, Jean, 25.

Dunraven, Earl of, 129.