Part 31

Fought September 3, 1651, between 12,000 Royalists, under Charles II, and about 30,000 Parliamentarians, under Cromwell. Charles attacked Cromwell’s wing, and was repulsed and driven into Worcester, where he was met by the other wing of the Parliamentary army, under Fleetwood. The Royalists were utterly routed and dispersed, losing 3,000 killed, among whom was the Duke of Hamilton, and a large number of prisoners, including Lords Derby, Lauderdale and Kenmure, and five generals. Charles himself escaped with difficulty. This was the last pitched battle of the Civil War.

Worth (Franco-German War).

Fought August 6, 1870, between the Third German Army, under the Crown Prince of Prussia, and the French, under Marshal Macmahon. After a closely contested engagement, the French were driven from all their positions, and made a hasty retreat beyond the Vosges. The Cuirassier division of General Bonnemain was completely cut to pieces in charging the German infantry, near Elsasshausen. The German losses amounted to 489 officers, and 10,153 men, while the French lost 10,000 killed and wounded, 6,000 prisoners, 28 guns and 5 mitrailleuses.

Wrotham Heath (Wyatt’s Insurrection).

Fought January, 1554, when the Kentish insurgents, under Sir Henry Isley, were totally defeated by the Royal troops, under Lord Abergavenny.

Wargaom (First Mahratta War).

Fought January 12, 1779, when a British force, 2,600 strong, under Colonel Cockburn, retreating from Poonah, was attacked by the Mahratta army, under Mahadaji Sindhia, and Hari Pant. The British succeeded in beating off the attack, and making good their position in the village of Wargaom, but at a loss of 352, including 15 officers, and ultimately a convention was signed by Sindhia, under which the British retired unmolested.

Wynandael (Napoleonic Wars).

Fought September 28, 1808, between the British, under General Webb, and the French under the Comte de la Motte. The French, with 40 battalions and 40 squadrons, attempted to intercept a convoy of supplies for the army besieging Lille, and were totally defeated, by a far inferior force, with a loss of 7,000 men.

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X

Xeres (Moslem Empire in Spain).

Fought July 19 to 26, 711, between 90,000 Spaniards, under Roderic, and 12,000 Moslems, with a numerous force of African auxiliaries, under Tarik. On the fourth day the Moslems suffered a severe repulse, leaving 16,000 dead on the field, but the defection of Count Julian, with a large part of the King’s forces, revived their courage, and finally the Christians were routed and dispersed. Roderic fled from the field, but was drowned in crossing the Guadalquivir. This victory marks the fall of the Gothic monarchy, and the beginning of the Moorish domination in Spain.

Y

Yalu (Chino-Japanese War).

Fought September 17, 1894, between the Chinese fleet of 2 battleships and 8 cruisers, under Admiral Ting, and the Japanese fleet of 10 cruisers, and 2 gunboats, under Admiral Ito. The two fleets met at the mouth of the Yalu, the Chinese steaming out in line abreast. Ito attacked in line ahead, using his superior speed to circle round the enemy’s ships. Two of the Chinese vessels hauled out of the line and fled without coming into action, while two more were set on fire, and made for the shore. The remaining 6 ships fought well, and a little before sundown Ito retired, leaving the crippled Chinese fleet to make its way to Port Arthur. The Japanese lost 294 killed and wounded, of whom 107 fell on the flagship, the _Matsushima_, while the _Chiyada_, which was the next ship in the line, had not a man touched. The Chinese losses are unknown.

Yalu.

_See_ Kiu-lien-cheng.

Yamazaki.

Fought 1582, between the adherents of the Ota family, then predominant in Japan, and the followers of the rebel Mitsuhide. Mitsuhide sustained a crushing defeat.

Yashima (Taira War).

Fought 1184, between the adherents of the Taira family, and the rebels, under Yoshitsune. The Taira forces were defeated.

Yawata (War of the Northern and Southern Empires).

Fought January, 1353, between the armies of the Northern and Southern Emperors of Japan. The army of the latter, led by Moroushi, gained a signal victory.

Yenikale, Gulf of (Ottoman Wars).

Fought July, 1790, between the Turkish fleet, and the Russians, under Admiral Onschakoff. The battle was fiercely contested, but eventually both fleets drew off without any decisive result.

Yermuk (Moslem Invasion of Syria).

Fought November, 636, between 140,000 Imperial troops, under Manuel, the General of Heraclius, and 50,000 Moslems, under Khaled. The Moslem attack was thrice repulsed, but they returned to the charge, and after a long and sanguinary engagement, drove their opponents from the field with enormous loss. The Moslems lost 4,030 killed.

Yorktown (American War of Independence).

The entrenched position of Lord Cornwallis, with 6,000 British troops at this place, was invested by Washington, with 7,000 French and 12,000 Americans, in September, 1781. The British held out until October 19, when, surrounded and outnumbered, Cornwallis surrendered, having lost during the operations, 12 officers and 469 rank and file, killed and wounded.

Yorktown (American Civil War).

This small village gives its name to the entrenched position occupied by General Magruder with 11,000 Confederates, which was invested by 105,000 Federal troops, with 103 siege guns, April 5, 1862. On the 16th, an unsuccessful attack was made upon Magruder’s lines, and both sides having been reinforced, M’Clellan set about the erection of batteries. On May 4, the Federals were about to open fire, when it was found that the Confederates had abandoned the position and retired.

Youghiogany (Seven Years’ War).

A skirmish of no importance in itself, but notable as being “the shot fired in America which gave the signal that set Europe in a blaze” (_Voltaire_, _Louis XV_), and was in a sense the cause of the Seven Years’ War. On May 27, 1754, Washington, with 40 Virginians, surprised a small French detachment, under Coulon de Jumonville, despatched probably as a reconnaissance by Contrecœur from Fort Duquesne. The detachment, with one exception, was killed or captured.

Z

Zab, The (Bahram’s Revolt).

Fought 590, between the troops of the Persian usurper Bahram, and the army of the Emperor Maurice, under Narses. The usurper’s forces were totally routed, and Chosroes II restored to the throne of Persia.

Zalaka (Moorish Empire in Spain).

Fought October 26, 1086, between 40,000 Moors, under Almoravid, and 300,000 Christians, under Alfonso VI of Castile. The Spaniards were utterly routed, with enormous loss. Alfonso, at the head of 500 horse, cut his way out, and with difficulty escaped.

Zama (Second Punic War).

Fought B.C. 202, between the Carthaginians, under Hannibal, and the Romans, under Scipio Africanus. The Carthaginians began to attack with their elephants, 80 in number, but some of these became unmanageable, and fell back upon the cavalry, throwing them into disorder, while the legionaries opened out and allowed the others to pass down the lanes between their ranks. The infantry then closed, and after severe fighting, the Romans gained a complete victory, 20,000 Carthaginians falling, while as many more were made prisoners. Hannibal escaped from the field at the end of the day.

Zamora (Moorish Empire in Spain).

Fought 901, between the Spaniards, under Alfonso the Great, King of the Asturias, and the Moors, under Abdallah, King of Cordova. The Moors were utterly routed, with heavy loss, Alfonso thereby extending his dominions as far as the Guadiana.

Zeim (Russo-Turkish War).

Fought April 20, 1877, between the Russians, under Loris Melikoff, and the Turks, under Mukhtar Pasha. Melikoff attacked the Turks in a strongly entrenched position, but was repulsed with considerable loss.

Zendecan (Turkish Invasion of Afghanistan).

Fought 1039, between the Seljuks, under Moghrul Beg, and the Afghans, under Musrud, Sultan of Ghuzni. The Afghans were defeated, and Musrud compelled to retire on his capital.

Zeugminum (Hungarian War).

Fought 1168, between the Greeks, under Manuel I, Emperor of Constantinople, and the Hungarian invaders. The Hungarians were signally defeated, and the war, which had lasted for five years, came to an end.

Zeuta (Ottoman Wars).

Fought September 11, 1679, between the Austrians, under Prince Eugene, and the Turks, under Elwas Mohammed, the Grand Vizier. Eugene attacked the Turkish army as it was crossing a temporary bridge over the Theiss, and the cavalry being already across, cut it in two, and completely routed the infantry, driving them into the river. The Turks lost 29,000 men. The Austrians 500 only.

Ziela (Third Mithridatic War).

Fought B.C. 67, between the Romans, under Triarius, and the Pontic army, under Mithridates. The King attacked the Roman camp, and practically annihilated them, though himself dangerously wounded in the assault.

Ziela.

Fought August 2, B.C. 47, between 7 Roman legions, with some Asiatic auxiliaries, under Julius Cæsar, and the Bosporans, under Pharnaces. Pharnaces attacked the Romans while they were pitching camp, but the legionaries quickly formed up, and utterly routed their assailants. This is the occasion of Cæsar’s famous despatch, “Veni, vidi, vici.”

Ziezicksee (Flemish War).

Fought 1302, when the Genoese galleys, in the service of Philip IV of France, under Grimaldi and Filipo di Rieti, utterly destroyed the Flemish fleet.

Zlotsow (Ottoman Wars).

Fought 1676, between the Poles, under John Sobieski, and 20,000 Turks and Tartars, under Mohammed IV. The Turks were signally defeated.

Znaim (Campaign of Wagram).

Fought July 14, 1809, when Masséna, with 8,000 French, attacked 30,000 Austrians, under the Prince of Reuss, and drove them into Znaim with considerable loss, including 800 prisoners.

Zorndorf (Seven Years’ War).

Fought August 25, 1758, between the Prussians, 25,000 strong, under Frederick the Great, and a Russian army, under Fermor, which was besieging Custria. Frederick attacked the Russian entrenchments, and drove them out, with a loss of 19,000 forcing them to relinquish the siege. The Prussians lost about 11,000.

Zummerhausen (Thirty Years’ War).

Fought 1647, when the French and Swedes, under Turenne and Wrangel, inflicted a decisive defeat upon the Imperialists.

Zurakow (Ottoman War).

In 1676, John Sobieski, with 10,000 Poles, was besieged by 200,000 Turks and Tartars, under Ibrahim Pasha (Shaitan). Having 63 guns, Sobieski made a sturdy defence, and by constant sorties inflicted enormous loss on the besiegers. At last, being unable to make any impression on the defence, and finding his army wasting away, Ibrahim consented to treat, and withdrew his forces from Polish territory. The Turks lost enormous numbers during the siege; the Poles lost 3,000.

Zutphen (Netherlands War of Independence).

Fought September 22, 1586, between the Spaniards, under Prince Alexander of Parma, and the English, under the Earl of Leicester. The Spaniards endeavoured to throw a convoy of provisions into Zutphen, which Leicester was besieging. He attempted to intercept it, but without success, and was forced to retire after suffering considerable loss. Among those who fell on the English side was Sir Philip Sydney.

Zuyder Zee (Netherlands War of Independence).

Fought October 11, 1573, between 30 Spanish ships, under Bossu, and 25 Dutch ships, under Admiral Dirkzoon. The Spanish fleet fled, after losing 5 ships, only Bossu standing his ground. His ship, however, was eventually captured, after losing three-fourths of her crew.

INDEX

A

Abbas II, 121 Abbé, 155 Abdallah, 100, 143, 169, 255 — of Cordova, 272 Abd-el-Kader, 116 — Rahman, 10 Abderrahman Ibn Abdillah, 252 Abdul Wahab Khan, 263 Abercrombie, Sir Ralph, 1, 9, 254 Abercromby, Gen. James, 116, 249, 255 Aberdeen, Provost of, 106 Abergavenny, Lord, 269 Abington, Major, 246 Aboukir Bay, 177 Aboyne, Lord, 41 Abu Hamed, 219 — ’l Hasan, 10, 24, 219 — Obeidah, 8, 118 — Sophian, 30, 155, 181, 231 Abyssinia, Italian Invasion of, 4 Acha, Gen., 183 Achmet Hefzi Pasha, 99 — Koprili Pasha, 188, 217 Acre, 3, 167 Adams, Major, 56, 97, 166, 182 Adda, The, 141 Adherbal, 79 Adil Pasha, 142 Adour, The, 178 Æmilius, Consul, 48 — Paulus, 203 Æthelfrith, 72 Æthelred, 21, 86, 207 Æthelstan, 42 Aetius, 55 Afan de Riva, 264 Afghan Wars, 6, 34, 56, 97, 117, 119, 121, 123, 124, 148, 190 Afranius, 239 Africa, Count of, 111 Agesilaus, 66 Agis, 151, 156 Agnes, Countess of March, 81 Agostina, 222 Agra, 220 Agricola, 101 Agrippa, 170, 172 Ahmed Ali, 5 — Bey, 206 — Pasha, 45, 58 Aidan, 72 Aiza, 94, 250 Ajmir, Rajah of, 240 Akbar, 60, 158, 187 — Khan, 117 Alaf Khan, 131 Alaric, 197, 211 — II, 197, 264 Ala-ud-Din, 60, 74, 131 Albemarle, Duke of, 9, 75, 99, 179 — Sound, 210 Albert, Archduke, 70, 117, 176, 183, 256 — Margrave, 231 Albigenses, 169 Albinus, Clodius, 145 Alboin, 189 Albuquerque, 100, 148 Alcibiades, 72, 179, 240 Alcidas, 170 Alemanni, 18, 55 Alexander of Bulgaria, 194, 232 — Despot of Pheræ, 71 — of Epirus, 186 — of Parma, 146, 252, 273 — the Great, 17, 54, 95, 101, 113, 116, 248, 256 Alexander’s Asiatic Campaigns, 95, 101, 113, 116, 256 Alexius the Usurper, 64 Alfonso IV, of Portugal, 219, 251 — VI, 113, 272 — VIII, of Castile, 7 — XI, of Castile, 219 — the Great, 272 — the Infante, 181 Alfred the Great, 21, 87, 158, 207 Algeciras, 220 Algiers, Dey of, 138 Ali, 28, 113, 231, 257 — Adil Shah, 100 — Atar, 142, 143 — Khan, 246 — Hussein, 46 — Moldovani Pasha, 79 — Pasha, 210, 262 Alle, River, 108 Allemande, Adm., 131 Allersheim, 178 Allied Invasion of France, 41, 55, 67, 131, 133, 135, 166, 188, 208 Almady, 65 Almagro, 71, 135 Almohacen, Heights of, 142 Almoravid, 272 Alonzo-di-Aguila, 162 Alub Khan, 220 Alumbagh, 144 Alsusieff, 56 Alvarez Mariano, 97 Alviani, Gen., 5 Alvinzi, 17, 18, 46, 200 Amandus, 108 Amanien, 36 Ambiorix, 4 Ambrosio Bercenegra, Don, 135 American Civil War, 15, 26, 42, 43, 53, 54, 57, 58, 66, 69, 87, 89, 92, 97, 105, 125, 139, 151, 157, 159, 169, 172, 180, 189, 191, 192, 200, 201, 202, 209, 210, 225, 230, 235, 261, 268, 269, 271 — Spanish War, 150 — War of Independence, 32, 34, 39, 42, 43, 46, 47, 49, 54, 56, 59, 63, 86, 97, 102, 103, 139, 190, 202, 237, 249, 271 — Wars, 26, 35, 36, 43, 57, 59, 61, 131, 144, 175, 205, 229 Americo-Mexican War, 15, 42, 163, 186 Amherst, Gen., 143, 164, 209 Amiens, Peace of, 154 Aminias, 219 Amir Daood, 131 Ammatas, 51 Amphictyonic War, 54 Amron, 9, 157 Amurath II, 64, 130, 165, 259 Andrés, 235 Andronicus the Younger, 190 Angelus, Isaac, 64 Angostura, 263 Angus, 14, 223 Anjou, Duc d’, 145, 162 Anlaf the Dane, 42 Anson, Adm., 48 Anstruther, Col., 41 Antigonus, 44, 65, 86, 115, 187, 191 Antigonus Soter, 222 Antiochus the Great, 19, 21, 147, 167, 170, 207, 248 Antipater, 156 Antoku, 257 Antonius, Caius, 70 — Primus, 68 Antony, Mark, 3, 169, 193 Anwar-ud-Din, 13 Appenzel Rebellion, 263 Appius Claudius, 241 Appleton, Commodore, 136 Apraxine, 7, 102 Arabi Pasha, 122 Arabi’s Rebellion, 9, 122, 246 Aratus, 156 Arbogastes, 17 Arbuthnot, Adm., 49 Archelaus, 55, 183 Archidamus, 150, 195, 246 Archimedes, 241 Ardoch, Moor of, 101 Aredondo, 42 Aremberg, Count, 107, 108 Argive War, 227 Argyle, Duke of, 98, 115, 229 Ariça, 242 Ariovistus, 3, 168 Ashanti Wars, 2, 14, 77 Arista, 186 Aristœus, 201 Aristagorus, 86 Aristomenes, 156 “Arkansas,” The, 261 Armagnac War, 206, 218 Arminius, 114, 260 Arnulph of Germany, 83 Arona, 165 Arsaces III, 19 Artaphernes, 86 Artaxerxes, 70 Arundel’s Rebellion, 88, 218, 220 Arverni, The, 263 Asipetes, The, 253 Aston, Sir Arthur, 80 Astruc, Mons., 228, 239 Atahualpa, 13, 205 Athens, Duke of, 54 Athol, Earl of, 81 Athole, Marquis of, 82 Atlanta, 189 Attalus, 59, 211 Attila, 55 Attilius, C., 140, 141 Attilius Regulus, 83 Auchmuty, Sir Samuel, 28, 163 Audley, Lord, 35 Auerstadt, 118 Augereau, 28, 53, 159, 163 Aulus Postumius, 132 Aurelian, 186, 189, 194 Aurelian’s Expedition to Palmyra, 15, 85 Aurep, Gen., 45, 58 Aurungzebe, 45, 98, 121, 220 Austrasians, The, 247, 255, 263 Ayesha, 28 Ayub Khan, 121, 148

B

Baber, 187 Baden, Margrave of, 269 Baden-Powell, Gen., 145 Bagenal, Harvey, 175 Bagnall, Sir Henry, 36 Bagration, 112, 161, 233 Baghasian, 16 Secg, 21 Bahadur Shah, 60, 77 Bahram’s Revolt, 271 Baillie, 124 — Col., 9, 191 Baird, Gen., 36, 228 Baireuth, Marquis of, 238 Bajazet I, 176 — II, 15, 116 Baji Rao, 21, 125, 127 Baj Singh, 60 Baker, Major Henry, 142 — Valentine, Pasha, 85, 245 Baldwin I, 4 — II, 64 Balfour of Burleigh, 80 Ball, Sir Alex., 259 Balliol, 82, 105 Ballivian, 114 Balmaceda, 134 Balmacedists, 133 Banks, Gen., 151, 200 Baquedano, Gen., 61, 160, 242 Bar, Duke of, 5 Baraguay d’Hilliers, 149, 234 Baratieri, Gen., 4 Barbarossa, Fredk., 136 Barbosa, Gen., 63, 133 Barnard, Sir Henry, 25, 75 Barons, Wars, 87, 139 Barreiro, Col., 39 Barrington, Adm., 50 Basin Rao, 20 Basques, 213 Bassano, Don Alfonso, 24 Bassas, 212 Bastard of Orleans, 110 Bates, 95 “Battle of Giants,” 153 “Battle of the Spurs,” 103 Baudissen, 267 Baum, Col., 32 Bavaria, Elector of, 36 Bayard, Chevalier de, 94, 208 Bazaine, Marshal, 31, 63, 101, 134, 153, 158, 178 Bazalitch, Gen., 52 Beatrix of Castile, 11 Beauharnais, Eugene 150, 205, 216, 268 Beaulieu, Gen., 37, 141, 157 Beauregard, Gen., 42, 192 Beavers Dam Creek, 228 Beckwith, Gen., 154 Bedford, 226 — Duke of, 183, 261 “Beggars,” The, 107, 203 Belgium, Liberation of, 16 Belisarius, 51, 156, 212, 253 Bellasis, Col. John, 226 Bellecombe, Mons., 198 Bellegarde, 8 Belleville, 188 “Bell-the-Cat,” 223 Belza, Gen., 133 Bem, Gen., 226 Benedek, Marshal, 125 Benham, Gen., 225 Bennigsen, Gen., 87, 93, 108, 203 Beorwulf, 85 Bercenegra, Don Ambrosio, 135 Beresford, Lord Charles, 9, 123 — Marshal, 7, 42 Berkshire Regt., 250 Bermuda Hundred, 192 Bernard, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, 208, 209 Bernadotte, 137, 162 Berthier, Gen., 141 Bertie, Adm., 116 Bertrand, Gen., 76, 266 Berwick, 105 Berwick, Duke of, 193 — Marshal, 8, 12 Bessières, Marshal, 210 Betuitdus, 115 Bevern, Prince of, 40 Bezetha, 118 Bhagerat Rao Scindhia, 147 Bianchi, Gen., 89, 250 Biddulphsberg, 227 Bifukumonia | 242 Bijapore, Rajah of, 100 Bizet, Gen., 33 Black Agnes of Dunbar, 81 Black Prince, The, 173, 197 “Black Watch,” The, 249 Blake, Adm., 79, 200, 247 — Gen., 86, 216 Blakeney, Gen., 160 Blasco Nunez, 14 Blois, Comte de, 4 “Bloody Battery,” 196 Blucher, Marshal, 28, 41, 55, 68, 123, 133, 135, 137, 140, 143, 145, 265, 266, 267 Boadicea, 37 Bœotian War, 66, 137, 151, 246 Boer Wars, 31, 41, 63, 72, 77, 80, 84, 88, 101, 114, 122, 124, 130, 133, 141, 146, 147, 148, 161, 184, 193, 208, 209, 221, 227, 228, 236, 243, 258, 267 Bogdan, 28, 180 Bohemond, 79 Boiorix, 17, 261 Boisot, Adm., 139, 213 Bolivar, 27, 34, 39, 50, 177, 201, 259 Boniface, Count of Africa, 111 Bonnemain, Gen., 269 Bonnet, Gen., 219 Bonnivet, 208 Borysthenes, The, 203 Boscawen, Adm., 143, 198 Bosco, Gen., 159 Bossu, 104, 215, 273 Botha, 77 Botta, Gen., 96 Bover, 86 Boucicaut, Marshal, 5 Bouillon, Duc de, 185 Boulatoff, Gen., 208 Bourbon, Constable of, 208, 212 — Francisco de, 54 Bourlamaque, 249 Bourquin, 75 Bouxhoevden, Gen., 231 Bowyer, Gen., 146, 217, 219 Boyd, Gen., 61 Boyle, Mr., 20 Brabant, 211 — Duke of, 5 Braddock, Gen., 162 Bradstreet, Col., 91 Bragg, Gen., 57, 58, 169, 191 Braithwaite, Col., 173 Brakfontein, 258 Brand, Martin, 104 Braun, Marshal, 201 Breckenridge, Gen., 174 Brennus, 11, 211 Brentford, Earl of, 12 Brian Boru 62 Bridgwater, 133 Bridport, Lord, 31 Brihtnoth, 149 British Invasion of Egypt, 1, 9 Britt, Don Jorge, 138 Broadwood, Col., 221 Brock, Gen., 205 Broglie, Duc de, 33, 125, 205, 225 Broke, Capt., 229 Bromhead, Lieut., 213 Brown, Capt., 261 — Gen. Jacob, 59, 144 — Marshal, 143 Bruce, Capt., 104 — Robert, 26, 81, 115, 142, 158 Brude, 173 Brueys, Adm., 177 Brune, 11 Brunehilde, Queen, 87 Brunswick, Christian, of, 90 — Duke of, 118, 259 — Ferdinand of, 33 — Prince of, 47, 111 Brutus, 41, 193 Brydon, Dr., 119 Buccaneers, 186, 200, 203 Buccelin, 52 Buchan, Constable, 68, 261 — Earl of, 115 Buchanan, Capt., 105 Buckingham, Duke of, 135, 208 Buda-Pesth, 161 Buell, Gen., 191 Buenzas, 204 Buerens, Gen., 110 Buffalo, 36 Bugeaud, Marshal, 116 Bugha, 229 Bukht-Khan, 179 Bulbuddur, Singh, 120 Bulgaria, Prince of, 156 Buller, Capt., 231 — Sir Redvers, 63, 72, 114, 131, 193, 236, 258 Burgoyne, Gen., 237, 249 Burgundian Wars, 100, 109, 136, 165 Burgundy, Duke of, 184 Burleigh, Lord, 1 Burmah, Wars, 78, 120, 123, 127, 185, 266 Burnaby, Col. Fred., 2 Burnside, Gen., 92, 211 Burr, Col., 125 Burrard, Sir Harry, 263 Burrows, Gen., 148 Butler, Gen., 192 Byng, Adm., 160 — Gen., 213 — Sir Geo., 10, 49 Byron, Adm., 102

C