Part 4

A few other points of interest may be noticed. The spread of Christianity through the southern and western provinces has already been referred to. The mother of the king of Firando is called "a papistical Jesuit, and he and the rest of his brethren and sisters papistical Christians" (ii. 250). Again, at the funeral of Foyne's brother, mentioned above, it was said that a log of wood was substituted for the real body and burned, "for he was thought to be a Christian" (ii. 201). On the other hand, it seems that the Japanese would not admit into their faith perverts from Christianity, for an Englishman "went and cut his hair after the pagan fashion, thinking to turn pagan; which he could not do here, although he would" (i. 179). The changing of names, which gives so much trouble in reading Japanese history, is often mentioned. Figen a Sama is at first called Tome Sama; and some of his relatives appear suddenly under new names in 1621 (ii. 169). The caboques, or dancing bears as Cocks calls them, that is, the dancing women or players, and their male companions, are present at every large entertainment mentioned in the diary. And, lastly, the readiness of the Japanese to adopt foreign customs is curiously exemplified in the rapidity with which tobacco-smoking spread among the people. "It is strange", says Cocks, writing in 1615, "to see how these Japons, men, women, and children, are besotted in drinking that herb; and not ten years since it was in use first." When once the habit had got such a hold, no measures for the destruction of the plant could change it. The "drinking" inevitably went on, and in 1619 the burning of half a town is ascribed to it.

* * * * *

In conclusion I should mention that one of the chief difficulties with which I have had to contend in editing these volumes has been that of finding explanations of the foreign words and terms in the diary. Cocks adopted words from other languages besides Japanese, and generally wrote them down as they sounded. Hence it was no easy matter for one ignorant of eastern languages to decide whether particular words, thus disguised, are Japanese or of some other tongue; and I fear that I have too often taxed the patience and good nature of my orientalist friends for solutions of these difficulties. It is with pleasure that I take this opportunity of thanking Dr. William Anderson, whose knowledge of the language of Japan is so extensive, and my colleagues Dr. Charles Rieu and Professor R. K. Douglas, for much valuable assistance. I also gratefully acknowledge kind help and many courtesies from Mr. Charles C. Prinsep, Superintendent of the Records, and Mr. Edward J. Wade, Assistant-Librarian, in the India office; and from Mr. W. Noel Sainsbury, of the Public Record Office.

BRITISH MUSEUM,

_30th December, 1882_.

SOME JAPANESE AND OTHER FOREIGN WORDS AND TERMS.

bongew (_Jap._ bugiyō).--a superintendent.

bose (_Jap._ bōdsu).--a Buddhist priest.

bubes, or beobs (_Jap._ biyō-bu).--screens, or pictures.

caboque (_Jap._ kabu, singing and dancing).--a dancing girl.

calambac.--aloe wood.

cape-merchant (_Span._ cabo).--head-merchant.

captain more (_Port._ capitão mór).--captain-in-chief.

catabra (_Jap._ katabira).--a summer robe.

catan (_Jap._ katana).--a sword.

chaw (_Jap._ cha).--tea.

chawne.--a lot of land, or house.

dairi (_Jap._).--the mikado.

danko (_Jap._).--consultation.

fanna (_Jap._ hana).--a present to a dancing girl.

fibuck.--silver once refined.

foyfone (_Jap._ fune).--a boat.

fro (_Jap._ furo).--a bath-room.

futtaqui (_Jap._ hotoke, an idol).--a temple.

gadong, or gedong (_Bengali_ gudām).--a shop, or warehouse.

goca (_Jap._ koku).--a dish.

goshon (_Jap._ gosha).--a pass, or licence.

jurebasso.--an interpreter.

kerimon (_Jap._ koromo).--a robe.

kitesoll (_Span._ quitasól).--a parasol.

langanack (_Jap._ naginata).--a lance, or halberd.

makary (_Jap._ makiye).--lacquer.

morofack.--a spirit or wine.

muche (_Jap._ mochi).--a cake.

neremon (_Jap._ norimono).--a sedan-chair.

nifon catange (_Jap._ katachi).--after fashion of Japan.

ropshake (_Jap._ roku-shaku).--a chair bearer.

sappon.--a kind of wood.

sequanseque (_Jap._ sakadzuki).--a cup.

sing.--a wine.

soma.--a junk.

somo.--double-refined silver.

tabi (_Jap._).--a stocking.

tattamy (_Jap._ tatami).--a mat; a measure.

tono (_Jap._).--a lord, or petty king.

wacadash (_Jap._ wakizashi).--a short sword.

ERRATA.

Vol. i., page 3. Note[55] should be "allowaies==aloes". " " 8. Note[70] should be "Plate once melted". " " 13. Delete the latter part of note[77]. Vol. ii., " 136. Note² should be "The arquebuse à croc; the croc being a hook or tooth, generally under the muzzle, but sometimes fitted to a sliding ring, whereby the piece was steadied when fired."

DIARY

OF

RICHARD COCKS.

DIARY OF RICHARD COCKS.

THE JOURNALL OR DAILYE BOOK OF ALL ACCURRANTES HAPPENYNG, BEGUN AT FIRANDO, IN JAPON, PER ME RIC. COCKS, LE 1TH DAY OF JUNE, 1615, STILO VETRI.

_June 1._--We bought 5 greate square postes of the kinges master carpenter; cost 2 _mas_ 6 _condrins_[47] per peece. And I delivered unto Nicholas Martyn one small bar gould, cost eight riall of eight[48] and a half, is six _taies_ eight _mas_, for which he is answerable. Also I delivered a great bar gold, poz. fowre _taies_ and fowre _mas_ and two _condrins_, rated at fiftie and five _taies_ as yt cost; and is to send to Gapt. Whowe, the Capt. Chinas[49] brother, at Langasaque;[50] to geve in a present at a christning, as apereth per advice.

Also I paid, per Mr. Nealson, for washing linen, two _mas_ 6 _condrins_.

And late within night Mr. Wickham arived here in company of Damian Marines, and brought word the junck was at Goto, they being put from Liquea[51] to have proceaded on their voyage for Syam; but, being at sea, the unruly companie would have gon for Cochinchina, and so Mr. Wickham standing against it, remembring our former losse theare (as I gave hym in comition), they retorned back for these partes. Capt. Adames hath wrot me that the boateswaine and carpenter are in most falte, being mutenouse knaves, etc.

_June 2._--Capt. Adames and Ed. Sayer wrot me 2 letters from Goto of 30th May; and Mr. Adames sent me a bag of potatos, and Ed. Sayer sent me a pece lik lynen (or rather silk) and the lyke to Mr. Eaton and Mr. Nealson. And Mr. Wickham gave me a jar of potatos. And Damian Marines brought me a dish of plantians and another of pottatos, etc. I receved a letter from Jno. de Lievano, the Spaniard. And Mr. Wickham went and visited Bongo Dono,[52] and carid hym a present of 2 pec. Liquea cloth and a dish of pottatos; and tould hym how matters stood about our junck, and withall asked his counsell, whether it were best to let our junck stay at Goto to be trymbd, or else to bring her for Firando. And his opynion was (as many others are the lyke, and among the rest my selfe) that it is best to bring her for Firando, for divers occations.

We had news to day that Ogosho Samme hath taken the fortres of Osekey and overthrown the forses of Fidaia Samme.[53] Others say that most of the forses of Fidaia Samme issued out of the fortrese, and sallid out 3 leagues toward Miaco, but were encountred by the Emperours forses and put to the worse, many of them being slaughtered and the rest driven back into the fortresse, etc. Bongo Dono sent a bark this day to Crates[54] to bring him the certenty of the newse.

_June 3._--I thought good to note downe that a padre or Jesuit came to the English howse and said his name was Tomas and a Bisken by nation, and gave it out he was a merchant; and others gave hym the name of Captain. Yet I knew what he was, having seen hym in this howse before, etc. He beged a littell alloes[55] of me, which I gave hym, as I did the like when he was here before. For you must understand that these padres have all the gifte of beging, and allwais answer: "Sea por l'amor de dios." This is a generall note to know them by, for they cannot so counterfet but that word will still be thrust out. This padre, Tomas (or Capt.), tould me that they stood in dowbt that the King of Shashma[56] would destroy Langasaque and bring all these partes beloe Shiminaseque[57] under his subiection, as being geven him by Fidaia Samme; but I believe it not, for now word is com on a sudden that all the streets must be made cleane, for that the King of Shashma is expected to be heare this night, he being bound up with great forces.

_June 4._--We bought 40 boardes at 5 per _mas_, small plate; and 4 _cacas_[58] at 12 _condrins_ peece, small plate.

And about nowne we had news that the King of Shashma was coming into this road with 500 barks full of souldiers; soe we laid out a present for him as followeth:--

_ta. ma. co._ 8 pec. rich damasks of Lankin,[59] cost 16 _taies_ per peece is 48 0 0 10 pec. byrams nill of 15 Rs. per _corge_[60] is 05 6 4 10 pec. red zelas, of 12 Rs. per _corg_ is 04 8 0 10 pec. whit baftas, viz., 6 of 11, and 4 of 9 Rs _corg_ is 04 0 8 10 pec. of duttis[61] of 12 Rs. per _corge_ 04 8 0 ------------- Som totall amontes unto 67 3 2 -------------

Soe, Mr. Wickham accompanying me, we went and delivered the present, which he took in good parte, offring our nation favorable entertaynment yf we came to traffick in his domynions. I put out a word how the Liqueans refuse to let us trym our junk to have proceaded from thence on our voyag for Syam;[62] but he said littell thereto, but answered, at his retorne he wold talke with me and geve me a present. I said I had receved suffition at his highnes hands in havinge the good hap to see the face of soe mightie a king as the King of Shashma; whereat he smiled. And soe we craved lycence and retorned.

Bongo Dono was with hym before and gave hym a present, and came from hym as we went to hym; but we had byn with hym before hym, yf he had not sent a boate to call us back till he had first vizeted hym.

And at present a letter is com to Bongo Dono from Faccatay,[63] wherin he is advized that the Emperour hath overthrowne the forses of Fidaia Samme, soe that he, his mother, and child have cut their bellies; but that his wife is sent back to her father Shongo Samme, King of Edo and to succeed in the Empire.[64]

_June 5._--There came letters from the King of Firando to Bongo Dono, that it is true that the Emperour hath overthrowne the forcese of Fidaia Samme, and taken the fortres of Osekey, and entred into it the 6th day of this moone, Fidaia Samme and his mother with his sonne having cut their bellies, etc.

Mr. Wickham went and visited Oyen Dono, and carid hym a dish of pottatos and a peec of Liquea cloth. His brother retorned from above, whilst Mr. Wickham was theare, and confermed these newes to be true.

_June 6._--I wrot an other letter to Jorge Durois to look out for a marchant to buy our wheate, as also of the confermyng the newes from above.

There was one of the King of Shashmas barkes cast away coming in, but all the men saved. We bought 1 _caca_ or squar post, cost 1 _mas_. We delivered or sent to keep to Capt. China 51 bundelles great canes, in each are 30 canes.

_June 7._--After dyner came a Franciskan frire, called Padre Appolonario, whom I had seene 2 or 3 tymes in Firando heretofore. He was in the fortres of Osekey[65] when it was taken, and yet had the good happ to escape. He tould me he brought nothing away with hym but the clothes on his back, the action was soe sudden; and that he marvelled that a force of above 120,000 men (such as was that of Fidaia Samme) should be soe sowne overthrowne. He desired me for God's sake to geve hym somthing to eate, for that he had passed much misery in the space of 15 daies, since he departed out of the fortres of Osekey. So, after he had eaten, I gave hym 15 _mas_ in plate; and soe he departed.

We had 1830 tiles this day for ston walles.

_June 8._--Yt is said the King of Shashma hath geven order to his people to retorne back for their cuntrey; I meane the most parte of them. The rest he keepeth to carry along with hym to goe vizet the Emperour.

We bought 4 _cacas_, cost 7 _condrins_ per peec, small plate, etc.

_June 8._--I sent to borow 4 or 5 _gantas_[66] of oyle of Yasimon Dono, because I could get non in any other place. But he retorned answer he had non, when I know, to the contrary, he bought a parcell out of my handes the other day. And I wrot a letter to Jorge Durois to take heed he gave out no yll reportes of Safian Dono. The China Capt. lent us 6 great mesurs (or _gantas_) of oyle, to repay as much. And Semidones steward came in the abcense of his master to borow a bar of plate of 3 _taies_ wight, which was lent hym.

_June 9._--Late within night I receved a letter from Ed. Sayer, dated in the Roade of Casnora in the Island of Goto, the 7th currant, wherin he writ the junck wold com away for this towne of Firando by first wind. Jno. Japon brought this letter, but is sick of the French disease, and took up his lodging at an other howse.

_June 10._--I receved a letter from Jorge Durois, dated the 17th of June, new stile, in Langasaque, with a baskit of aprecockes for my selfe, and an other for Bongo Dono, and a therd for his wife, with a parcell in a bag for the China Capten; all which were delivered according to advice.

A Spaniard called Pablo Garrocho de la Vega came to this towne of Firando to-day and brought Jorges letter.

And before nowne word came that our junck was seene without. Soe I made ready to boate to goe out to Cochi to see them put in harbor, and to vizet Capt. Adames, etc.

_June 11._--Our juncke, the _Sea Adventure_, arived in the Bay of Cochi in Firando at 10 cloth (_sic_) the last night, haveing lost her voyage for Syam this yeare. I went abord, and carid a barill of wyne, a quarter pork, and 10 loves bread, with a box bankiting stuffe; and, by order of the governer, carid 3 _bongews_,[67] to looke the mariners were all retorned and had used their indeavours. Capt. Adames was unwilling we should bring any mans name in question, for geting us an ill report; soe I did let it pas for that tyme. But being enformed that Damian Marines hath bought up 8 or 10 _cattis_[68] of amber greese at Liqueas, forstalling all, that the Company could get non; wherupon I wrot a letter to Capt. Adames to make stay of his chist, for that I wold bring the matter in question before the justice, and to same effect wrot an other letter to Damian hym selfe.

And Capt. Garrocho, the Bisken, sent me a peare of crimson silk stockinges for a present.

And Mr. Nealson reconed with the carpenters labourers and other matters bought for building since the 21st of May till this night, viz.:--

Pro tymber, oyle, and other matters as per perticulers 14 2 6 _con._ Pro 457½ days labourers work, at 5 _con._ per day 20 4 4 Pro carpenters wages, as per perticulers 23 4 4 ------------- Som totall amontes unto 58 1 4 -------------

_June 12._--Damian Marines came ashore, and tould me Capt. Adames had staid his chist with the amber, and that he had receved my letter, wherby he knew the occation. I answered hym I did it for my own discharg, he being a hired servant, and therfore, by the lawes of God and man, ought to look out for the benefite of them which gave hym meate, drynke, and wages. And by fortune Capt. Garrocho was in company when I debated the matter with hym. Soe I referred the matter to hym and Capt. Adames to make an end of it, and I to stand to what they ordayned; and soe wrot to Capt. Adames what was determined betwixt us, but wished hym to take true notis how many _cattis_ amber he had, and to keepe possession of it, etc.

I understood Damian went after to Capt. Jacob Speck,[69] unto whome (as it should seeme) he had offerd to sell all his amber; and so he retorned abord the junck, and Capt. Speck followed hym with a pretence to vizet Capt. Adames, but rather to hunt after amber greese. God grant Capt. Adames be not guld by them, etc.

I receved 16 boates lading of wheate ashore this day, containing 1,198 sacks, is 300 _gocos_, wanting 2 sack laid out in henne meate. And Mr. Wickham brought all the merchandiz ashore which they had for the Syam voyage, but divers of our pikes had the heads stolne ofe.

_June 13._--I receved back of Mr. Ric. Wickham a greate bag of plate in bars of Lucas Antoinsons, containing seven hundred forty and eight _taies_ in bars and _fibuck_.[70] And I delivered fyftie _taies_ in plate of barse to Mr. Nealson. And I receved two _cattis_ of amber greese of Mr. Ric. Wickham, which he bought for the Worshipfull Company at Liquea. And I receved 3 letters from Capt. Adames, how Damian Marin set hym at nought and wold not shew hym any amber; so I retorned hym answer not to let hym cary his chist ashore, but to bring it to the English howse, which Capt. Adames did, but Damian came not with it.

Also I receved 2½ _cattis_ amber of Ed. Sayer, in halves, betwixt hym and me; but he willed to take it all, for that he had need to use money heare.

_June 14._--Capt. Garrocho delivered Andrea Dittis, the China Capt., his papers of 1,080 and od _taies_ he owed hym, as being suretie for an other, and left it to the said Chinas discretion to pay or geve hym what he wold. When we came to open Damians chist, there was nothing to be found in it. He is a craftie knave. And soe let hym goe.

The new botswayn of the junck brought me 2 Liquea brushes and a box of synamon of same place, the best that ever I saw in my life. And Jno. Japan, our _jurebasso_,[71] brought me a present of Liquea cloth, one peec. He hath byn in this place a wick, and never came into the English howse till now, but many tymes passed before the dore singing like a luneticke man. Soe I put hym out of the Companies service, or he rather put hym selfe out.

_June 15._--Jno. Gorezan the _jurebassos_ wife brought a present of Japan apels, or rather other frute lyke appells. Capt. Adames sent me a letter from abord the junck at Cochi to have the kinges master shipp carpenter com to hym, to confer whether it were fitest to trym her at Cochi or bring her to Firando. Damian sent me 2 _cattis_ amber by Capt. Adames, rated at 90 _taies_ per _catty_, resonable good, but had byn watered. And I receved back two chistes money of Mr. Wickham, wherin he sayeth ther is aleven bagges R. of 8, of 500 R. of 8 in eache bagg; but I opened not the chistes.

_June 16._--I sent a letter to Capt. Adames by master carpenter to Cochi, about finding out a place to trym our junck in. And I delivered 1 sack wheate to the baker, to pay in bread as we sell the rest. And I had 1 peec Liquea cloth of Mr. Wickham to make Co Jno. of Goto a _catabra_.[72] We had much flying news to-day that Shongo Samme was dead. Others said it was Calsa Samme, his brother. Others reported Fidaia Samme to be alive, and that many _tonos_[73] were gon to hym to take his part. But I esteem all this to be fables. Yet others geve out secretly that the Emperour ment to chang the government of all these partes, and put other _tonos_ in their places. Soe that these of Firando dowbt the retorne of their king.

Tome, my boy, carid out his chist and thought to have run away; but I prevented hym, yet turned hym out of dores with a _catabra_ on his back as he entred in. He thought to have pickt the lock of my money chist the other day, and had so wrong the wardes that I could not open the lock with my key, which made me to trune (_sic_) hym out of my chamber. But he, misdowbting ferther disgrace, thought to have carid away all his aparell and have geven me the slip.

The purcer of junck gave me 10 Liquea trenchers for a present.

_June 17._--I receved a letter from Capt. Adames from Cochi, wherin he adviseth me that he hath taken counsell about the place most fittest to trym our junck in, and findeth Cochi to be the place.

I delivered Mr. Richard Wickham the rich _cattan_[74] he left in my custody at his departure towardes Siam. The purcer of the junck gave me a greate Liquea cock for a present, which I sent to Bongo Dono, he being desyrous to have hym.

I wrot Capt. Adames answer of his letter receved this day. And I sould 1,175 sackes wheate (brought from the Liqueas) unto Damian Marin, at 3 _mas_ per sack, containing 25 _gantes_ Liquea measure, to be paid in amber grees, at 115 _taies_ the _catty_, to take 5 _cattis_ and pay the rest in ready money.

_ta. ma. co._ The wheate amontes to 352 5 0 ----------- 5 _cattis_ amber, at 115 _tais_ per _catty_, amontes to 575 0 0 2 _cattis_ amber, at 90 _tais_ per _catty_, amontes to 180 0 0 ----------- Som totall, 7 _cattis_ amber greese, amontes to 755 0 0

_June 18._--Capt. Adames came ashore to dyner, having unrigged the junck at Cochi. He gave me a present of 3 nestes _gocas_,[75] with their trenchers and ladells of mother of perle, with 10 spoons same, and a peece of white Liquea cloth.

I receved a letter from Jorge Durois, dated in Langasaque, le 22nd of June, new stile, wherin he advized me that no one man would buy all our wheate till the shiping come from the Manillias. He wrot me that above 2,600 persons are dead in Langasaque this yeare of the smallpox, amongst whome his boy Domingo and a woman slave are two, since he wrot me his last letter.

_June 19._--I wrote a letter to Mr. Eaton, sent per _sea bongew_. The contentes appeare per coppie. Also I wrot other 2 letters in Japon to our 2 hostes at Osekey and Sackey in kynd wordes, hoping they have dealt well with us in saveing our goods, though the towns be burned.

I tooke a garden this day and planted it with pottatos brought from the Liquea, a thing not yet planted in Japan. I must pay a _tay_, or 5 shillings sterling, per annum for the garden. And we bought 40 _gants_ of shark oyle for the junk, cost 1 _mas_ and two _condrins_ the _gant_. And one of the mareners of the junck brought me 2 fishes for a present.

_June 20._--

_ta. mas._ We receaved 4 _catis_ 4 _tais_ 2 _mas_ wight, amber greese, of Damian, cost 490 1 With 2 _cattis_ before rated at 180 0 ------- Som totall amontes unto 670 1 -------

I gave hym a bill of my hand for soe much money owing hym, to receve our wheate at price before made, and rest in ready money.