Part 5

No. 10 or .134 of an inch thick, 5.5 pounds. No. 12 or .109 of an inch thick, 4.3 pounds. No. 16 or .065 of an inch thick, 2.62 pounds. No. 18 or .049 of an inch thick, 1.92 pounds. No. 20 or .035 of an inch thick, 1.41 pounds. No. 24 or .022 of an inch thick, .95 pounds. No. 26 or .018 of an inch thick, .78 pounds.

A Plate of Wrought Iron 1 foot square, 1 inch thick weighs 40 lb. “ “ “ 1 inch “ 3⅝ “ long “ 1 lb. “ Cast “ 1 “ “ 3⅞ “ “ “ 1 lb.

SPRING COUPLING AND DRIVER.

This is an article long wanted in a number of situations where power is applied by stiff gearing, such for example, as where one or more run of stones are driven by spur or bevel gearing. The coupling is secured to connect the ends of the principal driving shafts as in the style of an ordinary coupling, or in case of back-lash in the mill spindles it is placed immediately above the gear in such a manner as to allow it to be easily moved up out of gear, at the same time producing an elastic movement in the transmission of power. It gives the advantage of a belt connection in a great measure, in allaying the jar produced by fast running gear. It is constructed of cast iron in two parts, with a space or opening between to receive the requisite number of large stiff rubber springs; each half is secured independently to the ends of the two shafts needed to be coupled, and the power is transmitted by pressure upon the springs; a like connection is made with the gear or trundle-head and mill-spindle of a mill stone. They are furnished of different sizes to suit the situation and amount of power to be conveyed.

GEARING.

This is a clear representation of the style of our bevel core gear patterns. It was engraved from a photograph taken direct from the casting to show correctly the proportion, shape, &c. With this style of gear, as well as those for spur gearing, we are sufficiently supplied to meet most any reasonable demand. All our patterns were made for the purposes of flouring mills, with a view to avoid superfluous metal, at the same time, to make them strong and in good proportion. Our spur bolting gear patterns have been prepared with special care; the patterns being iron with the teeth cut from blank rims by a gear cutter, they remain true and from these always make true castings. The arms are curved and oval in shape, and the whole of a design exactly meeting the tastes of the most skillful mill-wrights.

Any odd wheels that may be needed to complete the outfit of a job, we have arranged to get on short notice. There being some half a dozen foundries within a few blocks of our works, it will be seen we do not lack the means near at hand.

Having a gear cutting machine in our establishment, we are prepared to face and dress the cogs of spur pinions, trundle-heads, and spur gear of 40 inches diameter and less of narrow face, and those of 24 inches diameter and less of most any face or pitch.

Wood Cogs.

In the engraving of the bevel core wheel is shown (to the right of it) a wood cog as we furnish them from the machine. The now extensive demand, built up by close attention to this small but very important branch, for now over fifteen years, has made it necessary to prepare ourselves by keeping a larger stock of the material as well as improved machinery for making them. At the proper time each year we have cut of hickory, sugar, (often termed maple,) and some oak specially for this purpose, and we have at no time less than 25,000 feet of the best lumber, part of it being from three to six years old. For this purpose we use only the butt logs cut from trees standing exposed in the out-skirts of the timber. When cogs are wanted to refill a wheel it is best to take out one of the old ones and fit a temporary one in place of it, then send to us by express, with your order by mail, or with the cog, of the number wanted. The cogs will be shanked and place cut for the keys exactly as per sample, _and all uniform_, unless otherwise ordered. It is desirable for us to know about what the pitch of the gear is, although the projecting part of the cog is left of ample size to shape the tooth. We always box them, and ship by freight or express, as ordered. It is no uncommon thing for us to send cogs thus over a thousand miles from our works.

SPUR GEARED MILLS

Are furnished to order to be driven by spur or crown wheel gear, direct from upright shaft, in iron or wood husks, or without husks as preferred. Such a mill is constructed to drive one or half a dozen run of stones from one crown wheel. The iron pinions are made to lift from suitable iron sleeves when necessary to stop one or more of the stones. This device is simple and not objectionable. To those who prefer to make the husks at the mill house we will send drafts and description showing how every part, iron and piece is located, as well as the entire structure on the most approved plan.

Management of Water Power.

Here is where bad mistakes are often made, and the best of water wheels sometimes condemned when the fault may be in not properly attaching the wheel, or improper application of the water, or speed or size of wheel not properly proportioned to the height of head or amount of water. And we ask of parties interested in water powers to apply to us for advice, should they have no one at hand competent to counsel with. We have furnished and put in many kinds of water wheels for flouring mill purposes, and carefully observed the workings of them, some of which are still prominently before the public, and our experiences have developed some valuable points of interest to those building water mills.

Measurement of Water in a Stream.

It is very important to ascertain the quantity of water that flows in a stream, and the head and fall, to determine the exact amount of power and the work it is capable of doing. It is frequently the case that mills are constructed before finding the power of the stream, and upon trial are found to fall short of their calculations. We give a very plain way which will determine this. Place a wide board as a dam across the stream (called a weir.) When the quantity of water is considerable, it must be made in sections to get it sufficiently wide and long; then cut a notch as shown in the engraving and about two-thirds the width of the stream, placing the bottom of the notch level, and let the ends of the weir dam (B B) be well bedded on each side of the stream. Observe in cutting the opening or notch to bevel the edges down stream to within say ⅛ of an inch of the side up stream; that the edges of the notch sides and bottom be almost sharp but true and square, and the whole opening sufficient for the water to pass; the bottom of the notch can be leveled by letting the water pass over in a thin sheet; then drive a stake three to four feet above the dam to one side or the middle of the stream, and the upper end of it on a level with the bottom of the notch in weir. And now that you have the dam made and in position so that all the water will pass through the notch and no leaks, allow the water to reach its full depth, then take square or rule and measure the exact distance from the top of the stake driven in the stream to the top of the water flowing towards the weir; 2d. Width of notch; 3d. Head and fall, and send to us, and we will give you the power of your stream, size of wheel to do the desired labor, &c.

STEAM ENGINES.

Careful experiments and practice with a view to properly proportion the motive power to the work to be done has prepared us for giving valuable information concerning steam engines for the purpose of flouring mills. And when requested will furnish the engines themselves combining the necessary qualities, and see in person that all the parts, speed, &c., &c., be exactly adapted to do the work. When we furnish the engine, with the other supplies of the mill, which is frequently the case, our customers may rest assured all will be satisfactory as regards style of finish, durability, sufficiency of power, and economy in the use of fuel. We do not make engines ourselves, but purchase them of the best makers, and if we should be consulted in all cases of whom to buy, style, kind, &c., or be ordered to supply the engine direct, our customers will be more likely to get what is best.

HANGING AND DRIVING MILL IRONS.

We do not think it necessary to write at length on the advantages of this improvement, nor print our files of recommendatory letters. The necessity among intelligent millers and mill-owners for a good and durable self-tramming driving iron is already well established. Many attempts have been made to devise something for the purpose, and the results are numerous; among them the “slip driver,” and those with loose oscillating appendages for the weight of the stone to rest upon and be driven by, and when adapted to their work, imperfectly accomplish the design; their lack of durability, the obstruction presented to the free passage of grain or middlings to be ground, and the fact that their form does not admit of a free adjustment while driving the stone are the chief objections. It has been established that these faults are entirely avoided by the improvement illustrated in the accompanying cut, in which Fig. 1 is an elevation showing the iron ready to be cemented in the eye of the runner. Fig. 2 is a view of the bottom and inside, with the sockets for the reception of the ends of the driver. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of all the parts, including the spindle and driver.

The bridge S S, in which the steel cock-eye is placed, is in the form of an inverted arch, and is a portion of the entire outside part. Being in this shape, it has the double advantage of increased strength, and, by the attachment above the point where the grain is distributed, making no obstruction whatever to the passage of the grain or other substance to be ground. The bearings for the ends of the driver, C C, are cast on the adjustable section of the iron shown on the inner part of Fig. 2. This being adjustable on the steel pins shown as passing through the lugs A A, gives to the ends of the driver at all times a free and equal bearing in a lateral direction. The object gained by this arrangement is the application of power by the driver to the inner section in a direct plane, parallel to the face of the runner stone, said plane at the same time passing through the cock-eye--hence there is no tendency whatever to tip the stone.

When the ordinary spindle with stiff driver is put in tram to the face of the runner, the miller has no assurance that it will remain so, the chances, indeed, being constantly against it. The heaviest spindle is liable to spring from its true position by the pressure of the gear or belt in driving it; the face of the runner stone changes, and the best driver, or its bearings, will from unequal wearing of the metal or in other ways cause it to get out of tram. The results are uneven grinding, inferior flour and diminished yield. The trouble necessary to take the spindle out, turn over the runner, make a staff and file the ends of the driver, is generally sufficient to deter the miller from performing the disagreeable job, and the bad grinding is conveniently attributed to some other difficulty.

Among the advantages offered by this improvement are increased grinding capacity with a given amount of power, more even grinding and better yield, and lastly, but not less important, increased facility in obtaining a perfect running balance. It will be observed that the runner is supported upon a steel seat secured in the stone permanently--being substantially the same in this respect as when the ordinary balance-iron is used.

The power being transmitted to the stone by the adjustable part of the iron and no weight upon any part of it, with the entire structure of the form to give the greatest attainable firmness and durability, combine to make it perfection as a driving iron, and it is accordingly in extensive use, although no especial effort has been made until late for their manufacture and sale. They are made in the best manner by skillful men and machinery adapted for the purpose, the parts well fitted and turned true inside where the grain enters and passes.

They are made of the following sizes: 8½, 10 and 12 inches diameter.

To order for attaching to stones with other irons already in, give diameter of the eye in stone at the face.

Distance from the cock-head point to the lower side of the driver.

Shape of cock-head as near as you can.

Shape and exact size of spindle where your present driver goes on.

In getting the shape as well as size of place where your present driver fits, it is a good plan to oil the inside surface of the hole in driver (in which the spindle fits) and fill it with plaster, then take out and send the cast by express. The shape of cock-head may be got by similar process.

We will send necessary instructions, so that any one of medium skill can put them in at the mill.

Give names, post office, county, and shipping point plainly, and how you wish to pay us. Money sent by Post Office Order is safe, and payment with the order always saves delay and trouble of making out bills, book-entries, &c. To those whose faith is not sufficient, will send the irons on trial or as circumstances best suggest at the time.

The safe arrival of them is guaranteed. Every iron is warranted.

These two cuts are intended to represent the self-tram irons for our under-runner mills. Fig. 1 shows the form of the outside, as it appears before being bedded in the centre, and iron back of the runner stone. Fig. 2 is a view of the inside, showing where the point of the spindle and driver rest.

OIL BUSH.

This cut is a sectional view of our improved oil bush. A shows the mill spindle, B B, B B, is the collar or part that turns with the spindle and is secured firmly to it. The parts E E E E, show the upwardly projecting sleeve at some distance from and encircling the spindle or shaft, and forms the inner wall of the oil chamber. C C C C are two of the four followers or segments lined with the best anti-friction metal. The wedges N N, are raised or lowered as circumstances require by the four metal screws, two of them being shown at S S; by this means the followers and spindle are adjusted with great precision. D D D D forming the outer wall of the chamber, and E E E E its bottom and inner part, gives us a complete oil well in which the followers, collar of spindle, &c., are immersed. THE OPERATION is as follows: the rotating shaft or spindle carries with it the collar or sleeve bearing and produces centrifugal force in the chamber, by which the oil is driven up the sides of the passages and followers; the bearing is thus made to move constantly in oil. No oil can escape except when necessary to draw off at the orifice provided with the thumb screw K, when a fresh supply is needed. This simple self-oiling arrangement is the best thing in use for fast running upright bearings of any kind.

BULLOCK’ MILL BUSH.

Patented December 31, 1867.

The object of the invention which is herewith illustrated, is to enable the spindles of mill-stones to be adjusted with perfect accuracy, and at the same time furnish bearings of anti-friction materials, which may be kept constantly and perfectly lubricated, and from which all extraneous dust or grit, calculated to aggravate friction, may be kept excluded.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of this improvement, and Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the same, showing details of construction. A, Fig. 2, is the spindle, playing in segmental bearings B.

There are four of these, which, together, make up the entire bearing for the spindle. They are hollow, as shown in the engraving, and faced with anti-friction surfaces.

The outer sides of these segments are inclined, these surfaces resting against the inclined inner surfaces of the hollow binding wedges C. Through the lower part of these wedges pass hooked bolts, D, with thumb nuts at their lower ends, by turning which the wedges are forced upward, and the segments B being prevented from rising by the top plate E, are forced inward till their surfaces are brought in proper proximity to the spindle.

It is evident that by raising and lowering these wedges, as circumstances require, the spindle can be adjusted with the greatest accuracy.

Lubrication is secured by placing a store of oil, in the chambers F, of the segmental bearings B, from which it is fed, as wanted, through the apertures G, to the bearing surfaces of the spindle and bush. Lastly, the exclusion of dust and grit is secured by forming a chamber H, upon the top plate of the bush, with an annular cap which shuts down over it, and encloses the spindle, in which chamber is placed packing yarn or other suitable material to intercept all extraneous material of this character.

The top plate is bolted down to the external portion of the bush, and the whole enclosed, as shown in Fig. 1.

All experienced millers are aware that the attainment of the above objects by a simple device is a very desirable achievement. By the use of this improvement the adjustment can be readily and accurately made, and the wear of the spindle is reduced to a minimum.

We can fit any size spindle from 3½ to 5 inches diameter, and have three sizes of bushes, 7½, 8½ and 9½ inches square. In ordering bushes, all that is necessary is to state the diameter of neck of spindle and size of eye in bed stone, and the proper size bush will be shipped. Satisfaction guaranteed.

We have some half dozen different patterns of bushes ranging in price from $2 to $20--some having three and some four followers for wood or metal.

Lighter Screws and Hand Wheels.

These engravings illustrate the style of hand wheel and screw with cap and washer that we make and furnish with our combined husk mills, and when ordered we send them with the irons needed with mill stones. The figure on the right shows the hand wheel, screw cap and washer in position when ready for operation. The wrought iron screw is cut in a lathe and is what is termed a square thread. The wheel cap and washer are all turned and polished, making a good looking, durable fixture, as well as an accurate means of adjusting the stone. We sometimes make these of brass.

Lighter Levers and Arched Step.

This shows our pattern for arched bridge pot and lighter lever for geared mills or when an elevated step is wanted. The part holding the steel on which spindle rests, is contained in a central lifting chamber, which is turned to fit the body of the arch, like a piston, thus allowing a perfect perpendicular movement without any liability to vary from its true position; the heavy set-screw at the rear end of the lever is to admit of more adjustment; the lever can be moved around at most any required angle without interfering with any part of the step. We provide means (not shown in this cut) to tram the spindle by screws placed in the central lift part of the step, when desired.

Mill Steps.

Of these we have various styles, some sufficiently heavy for a six foot mill stone, and to tram by screws. The centre lift part is constructed in same style as the arch-step described above. We have patterns of all lengths of lighter levers, as shown under head of Lighter Levers, which fit over this style of step in same manner as shown, excepting we provide an independent rest for the rear end of the lever and screw for regulating it. This makes a very desirable rig for the lower end of mill spindles in any mill, and are fast taking the place of all others. It obviates the cutting of the bridge-tree or timber on which it rests.

The steel on which the spindle-toe rests and presses sidewise in running is constructed in various ways. In some situations we provide a flat plate, below for taking the downward pressure, and above it a heavy steel ring supported a little above to allow a chamber for the flow of oil around the very extreme lower end of the steel spindle toe. This chamber is free to be supplied with oil from the upper receptacle through holes provided for the purpose. A bearing made with a hardened steel plate below and a ring of good anti-friction metal around the spindle-toe is the most desirable when properly constructed and of suitable metals.

MILL CURBS AND HOOPS.

Of all the various styles and sizes we are better prepared to make than any other establishment we know of in the United States. We keep on hand large quantities of the material of which they are made so that it may be thoroughly seasoned before use. Their construction is as follows: the tops are made of double-thickness lapped and tongued and screwed together. The body is made of pine staves, worked on a double-headed tongueing and grooving machine made for this purpose, with their mandrels in radius positions to make a close fitting joint for any size we choose to make; the outside bands are of black walnut, under which we place neat iron bands, one at the base and one near the top, under the projecting curb or top. For protecting the wood from being affected, we coat the inside with white lead paint, and give the outside three coats of good varnish. In the preparation to ship them and keep every part from the liability of damaging in the least, we make a complete protection of a light frame work and circle pieces surrounding the whole. When the hopper frame and feed rig is ordered we place them inside. This not only makes a strong and durable cover to the mill-stone, but one that for style of finish and attractive appearance pleases all.

Silent Feeders.

Of these we make some half a dozen kinds, differing somewhat in construction and appearance, some of which are shown in the accompanying cuts. Fig. 1 is of the style known as “the glass globe tripod.” The globe is made of the best clear flint glass from one-fourth to one-half inch in thickness. The iron frame can be lifted from its bearings on the curb at any time. The hand wheel and screw by which the feed to the stone is regulated, is provided with a spring so that by pressing upon the wheel the feed tube can be suddenly raised if necessary, when by the action of the spring it will take its exact position as before. All the parts are carefully fitted up, the hand wheel and such other parts turned as necessary to complete it in a tasteful manner.