Chapter 13

$ (dollar sign) regular expression Regular Expressions () (parentheses) regular expression Regular Expressions (caret) regular expression Regular Expressions * (regular expression) Regular Expressions * (wildcard) Filename Expansion . (regular expression) Regular Expressions / (slash) root directory Files and Directories | Files and Directories /bin directory Files Present and Their /etc (directory) system-wide configuration System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration | System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration /etc directory Files Present and Their | Files Present and Their | Files Present and Their /etc/X11/Xsession modifying Customizing Your X Startup /root directory Files Present and Their /sbin directory Files Present and Their /user directory Files Present and Their /var directory Files Present and Their /tmp directory Files Present and Their ? wildcard Filename Expansion [] (brackets) regular expression Regular Expressions (tilde) Using Files: A Tutorial absolute filenames Files and Directories | Using Files: A Tutorial abstractions Introduction to X Access screen dselect Access accessing files Mode filesystems Mounting a Filesystem Help file (installation) Select accounts ordinary user Create an Ordinary User | Create an Ordinary User permissions Permissions | Permissions example sessions Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice file mode Mode | Mode | Mode file ownership File Ownership | File Ownership root user Working as Root | Working as Root superuser Set the Root Password user logging in First Steps | First Steps plans Managing Your Identity | Managing Your Identity Acknowledgments no title activating swap partition Initialize and Activate a | Initialize and Activate a ae no title ae (text editor) Text Editors | Using ae alias Aliases aliases Aliases Alt key Conventions | Conventions APM Shutting Down APM (Advanced Power Management) Shutting Down application software What Is Debian? applications cfdisk Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk configuration files Configuration Files dbootstrap Step-by-Step Installation network configuration Configure the Network dselect Select and Install Profiles | Introduction | Introduction Access screen Access multi-CD installation Access multi-NFS, multi-mount installation Access package states Select | Select Update screen Update | Select | Select | Select | Select exiting How to Read This file managers Introduction to X GNU documentation viewer Using info | Using info gzip File Compression with gzip | File Compression with gzip multitasking A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating system binaries Files Present and Their tasks Select and Install Profiles | Select and Install Profiles text editores Text Editors | Text Editors text editors ae Using ae archiving utilities Backup Tools arguments The Command Line and arranging hard drive Partitioning Your Hard Drive | Background | Background asking technical questions Personal Help | Tips for asking questions assigning job numbers to command lines Managing Processes with bash authentication shadow passwords Shadow Password Support automatic filesystem mounting /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount | /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount backing up disks Last Chance to Back backups performing Before You Start utilities Backup Tools GNU tar tar base system no title | no title configuring Debian Installation Steps | Choosing Your Installation Media installation Install the Base System | Configure the Base System bash Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash commands aliases Aliases environment variables setting Environment Variables | Environment Variables Info help system displaying Managing Processes with bash binary executables comparing to source code Viewing Text Files binary files Working with Text Files viewing Viewing Text Files BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) Booting the System black-and-white display selecting Select Color or Monochrome block devices Device Files | /dev/null blocks Device Files bold face typographical conventions Conventions boot floppies creating Make a Boot Floppy boot loaders Before You Start LILO Make Linux Bootable Directly boot partition PC Disk Limitations boot process LILO (Linux Loader) Booting the System query process Booting the System troubleshooting Troubleshooting the Boot Process booting Debian Booting Debian from CD-ROM Choosing Your Installation Media from floppies Booting from Floppies operating systems multiple Make Linux Bootable Directly smoke test The Moment of Truth Bourne shell The Shell bug reports submitting Troubleshooting the Boot Process built-in dependencies packages Select | Select built-in programs Where Commands Reside: The buttons mouse operation The Mouse C shell The Shell canceling selections (dselect) Select cd Using Files: A Tutorial cd command Using Files: A Tutorial | Using Files: A Tutorial CD-ROM booting from Choosing Your Installation Media CD-ROMs mounting Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM unmounting Example: Mounting a CD-ROM CDs multi-CD installation Access | Access multi-NFS, multi-mount installation Access cfdisk Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk Change Directory see cd character devices Device Files | /dev/null characters metacharacters Regular Expressions clients X clients Introduction to X network transparency Introduction to X X windows system X Clients | X Clients selecting Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup closing programs How to Read This color display selecting Select Color or Monochrome Comand Line History no title command history Command History and Editing command line Command History and Editing | Command History and Editing | no title | Describing the Command Line | Describing the Command Line structure The Command Line and command lines job numbers assigning Managing Processes with bash command-line shell The Shell | The Shell commands aliases Aliases arguments The Command Line and Bash wildcards Tab Completion cd Using Files: A Tutorial | Using Files: A Tutorial documentation Kinds of Documentation | Kinds of Documentation info Using info | Using info egrep Regular Expressions ls Using Files: A Tutorial | Using Files: A Tutorial | Dot Files and ls -a man less Environment Variables mkdir Using Files: A Tutorial more Using Files: A Tutorial parameters The Command Line and shell commands typing First Steps su Working as Root whoami Working as Root commercial software comparing to proprietary What Is Free Software? comparing binary and text files Viewing Text Files crackers and hackers What Is Free Software? hard links and symlinks Symbolic Links programs and processes Processes software commercial and proprietary What Is Free Software? system-wide and user-specific configuration System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration | System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration compiling packages Compiling Software compressing files File Compression with gzip | File Compression with gzip Configuration Base system no title comparing system-wide and user-specific System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration | System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration Device drivers no title Modules no title networking Ethernet Ethernet PPP The Easy Way: wvdial | The Easy Way: wvdial PCMCIA no title | Configure PCMCIA Support system-wide /etc directory Files Present and Their automatic filesystem mounting /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount | /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount networking Networking | PPP | Preparation user-specific dotfiles System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration configuring base system Debian Installation Steps | Choosing Your Installation Media device drivers Configure Device Driver Modules keyboard Configure the Keyboard network Configure the Network packages Configure connections networking Ethernet Ethernet PPP PPP | Preparation | The Easy Way: wvdial | The Easy Way: wvdial consoles A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating virtual consoles Virtual Consoles | Virtual Consoles controllers SCSI partitions, naming Device Names in Linux controlling processes The Shell | The Shell conventions typographical Conventions | Conventions spaces Conventions copy-and-paste mouse operation (X) The Mouse copying large-scale Large-Scale Copying | Large-Scale Copying crackers comparing to hackers What Is Free Software? creating accounts ordinary user Create an Ordinary User | Create an Ordinary User superuser Set the Root Password directories Using Files: A Tutorial disk images Creating Floppies from Disk | Creating Floppies from Disk plans Managing Your Identity | Managing Your Identity csh (C shell) The Shell current working directories Using Files: A Tutorial Current Working Directory Using Files: A Tutorial customizing X windows system Customizing Your X Startup cylinder translation PC Disk Limitations daemon Processes dbootstrap Step-by-Step Installation network configuration Configure the Network Debian booting Booting Debian from CD-ROM Choosing Your Installation Media Web site What Is Free Software? Debian base system Debian Installation Steps | Choosing Your Installation Media Debian mailing list Personal Help | Personal Help deleting directories Using Files: A Tutorial files Using Files: A Tutorial hard links The Real Nature of named pipes Named Pipes (FIFOs) symlinks Symbolic Links | Symbolic Links Deleting Files see rm dependencies packages Select | Select deselect package maintenance dselect Devel_comp (profile) Planning Use of the developing Free Software Social Contract What Is Free Software? software free software What Is Free Software? | What Is Free Software? development Who Creates Debian? device drivers configuring Configure Device Driver Modules device files Device Files | /dev/null Device Names no title devices Device Names in Linux | Device Names in Linux abstractions Introduction to X base system installing Install the Base System | Configure the Base System block devices Device Files | /dev/null character devices Device Files | /dev/null daemons Processes files symlinks Symbolic Links filesystems Concepts automatic mounting /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount | /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount hard links The Real Nature of | The Real Nature of mount points Mounting a Filesystem mounting Mounting a Filesystem | Mounting a Filesystem | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip proc The proc Filesystem symlinks Symbolic Links | Symbolic Links | Symbolic Links naming Device Names in Linux output redirecting stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and | stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and PCMCIA configuring Configure PCMCIA Support printers troubleshooting Printing SCSI drives partitions Device Names in Linux swap partitions Recommended Partitioning Scheme | Recommended Partitioning Scheme Dialup profile Planning Use of the Directories no title | Files and Directories | Files and Directories | Files and Directories | Files Present and Their /etc Files Present and Their | Files Present and Their | Files Present and Their system-wide configuration System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration | System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration /root Files Present and Their /tmp Files Present and Their /user Files Present and Their /var Files Present and Their contents, displaying Files Present and Their | Files Present and Their copying Large-Scale Copying | Large-Scale Copying creating Using Files: A Tutorial current working directory Using Files: A Tutorial file systems mount points Mounting a Filesystem filename expansion patterns Filename Expansion | Filename Expansion files hard links The Real Nature of | The Real Nature of inodes The Real Nature of | The Real Nature of locating Finding Files | Finding Files symlinks Symbolic Links filesystems Concepts mounting Mounting a Filesystem | Mounting a Filesystem | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip hard links removing The Real Nature of home directory Files Present and Their modes Mode parent directories Using Files: A Tutorial paths Files and Directories permissions example session Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice removing Using Files: A Tutorial search path (shell) Where Commands Reside: The | Where Commands Reside: The shortcut directories Using Files: A Tutorial symlinks Symbolic Links system-wide files, modifying Files Present and Their disk blocks scanning Initialize and Activate a disk cache Shutting Down disk space installation requirements Memory and Disk Space disks backing up Last Chance to Back boot disks LILO Booting the System boot floppies creating Make a Boot Floppy filesystems mount points Mounting a Filesystem mounting Mounting a Filesystem | Mounting a Filesystem | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip floppies booting from Booting from Floppies images writing to floppies Creating Floppies from Disk | Creating Floppies from Disk removable mounting filesystem Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip displaying directory contents Files Present and Their | Files Present and Their file contents Determining a File’s Contents files filename expansion pattern Filename Expansion Info help system Managing Processes with bash mounted filesystems Example: Mounting a CD-ROM text files Viewing Text Files displays ae (text editor) Using ae dselect Access screen Access X windows system windows manager Introduction to X dividing partitions Lossless Repartitioning documentation Kinds of Documentation | Kinds of Documentation GNU General Public License The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public HOWTOs HOWTOs info Using info | Using info DOS (Disk Operating System) partitioning Partitioning from DOS or | Lossless Repartitioning | Debian Installation Steps Dotfiles no title | Dot Files and ls -a | System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration dpkg no title package maintenance dpkg dselect Select and Install Profiles | no title | Introduction | Introduction | Access | no title Access menu no title Access screen Access multi-CD installation Access package states Select | Select packages configuring Configure installing Install | Install Select no title Select screen Select | Select | Select | Select | Select exiting Select Update no title Update screen Update dump Backup Tools dump (backup utility Backup Tools editing text Text Editors | Text Editors Editors no title egrep command Regular Expressions Emacs (text editor) Text Editors | Text Editors email bug reports troubleshooting Troubleshooting the Boot Process Debian mailing list Personal Help | Personal Help environment variables importing Environment Variables environment variables no title | Environment Variables bash setting Environment Variables | Environment Variables PATH Where Commands Reside: The | Where Commands Reside: The proxy servers setting Access environments Environment Variables error messages standard error stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and X windows system troubleshooting Troubleshooting Ethernet configuration Ethernet example session permissions Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice execute permission Mode executing programs search path Where Commands Reside: The | Where Commands Reside: The exiting ae (text editor) Using ae programs How to Read This Select screen (dselect) Select X windows system Leaving the X Environment | Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup expansion patterns Filename Expansion | Filename Expansion see also wildcards Filename Expansion exporting shell variables Environment Variables variables to environment Environment Variables ext2 filesystem Concepts extended partitions PC Disk Limitations | Device Names in Linux FIFO (first-in-first-out) Named Pipes (FIFOs) file manager Using a File Manager file managers icon-based Introduction to X file pagers text files viewing Viewing Text Files file systems Partitioning Your Hard Drive | Background | Background filename expansion pattern Filename Expansion filename expansion patterns Filename Expansion files no title | Files and Directories | Files and Directories | Files and Directories /etc/X11/Xsession modifying Customizing Your X Startup access Mode binary Working with Text Files viewing Viewing Text Files compressing File Compression with gzip | File Compression with gzip configuration files Configuration Files contents displaying Determining a File’s Contents current working directory Using Files: A Tutorial deleting Using Files: A Tutorial device files Device Files | /dev/null disk images Creating Floppies from Disk | Creating Floppies from Disk dotfiles Dot Files and ls -a | System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration Editors no title hard links The Real Nature of | The Real Nature of inodes The Real Nature of large-scale copying Large-Scale Copying | Large-Scale Copying locating Finding Files | Finding Files moving Using Files: A Tutorial named pipes Named Pipes (FIFOs) naming conventions troubleshooting Working with Strangely-Named Files permissions Permissions | Permissions | Security example sessions Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice mode Mode | Mode | Mode ownership File Ownership | File Ownership plans creating Managing Your Identity | Managing Your Identity regular expressions Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions sockets Sockets symlinks Symbolic Links removing Symbolic Links | Symbolic Links temporary Files Present and Their Text no title editing Text Editors | Text Editors | Using ae viewing Viewing Text Files text files Working with Text Files uncompressing File Compression with gzip filesystems Filesystems automatic mounting /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount | /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount backing up Backup Tools GNU tar tar ext2 Concepts hard links The Real Nature of | The Real Nature of deleting The Real Nature of listing Example: Mounting a CD-ROM mount points Mounting a Filesystem mounting Mounting a Filesystem | Mounting a Filesystem | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip proc The proc Filesystem symlinks Symbolic Links finding documentation Kinds of Documentation | Kinds of Documentation files Finding Files | Finding Files system information Getting Information from the finger information plans creating Managing Your Identity FIPS Lossless Repartitioning | Lossless Repartitioning floppies boot floppies creating Make a Boot Floppy booting from Booting from Floppies disk images writing Creating Floppies from Disk | Creating Floppies from Disk filesystem mounting Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip filesystems Mounting a Filesystem Floppy Disks no title fonts selecting Starting the X Environment xterm increasing size Starting the X Environment Free Software What Is Free Software? developing What Is Free Software? Social Contract What Is Free Software? Free Software Foundation What Is Free Software? fully-qualified filenames Files and Directories functionality What Is Debian? General Public License The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public glossary Glossary GNOME desktop project Introduction to X GNU documentation viewer Using info | Using info GNU General Public License The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public GNU Midnight Commander Using a File Manager GNU Project What Is Debian? GNU tar tar GNU tar (backup utility Backup Tools GNU/Linux multiuser environment A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating graphical user interfaces see GUIs The X Window System | Introduction to X GUIs abstractions Introduction to X icon-based file managers Introduction to X X Window The X Window System | Introduction to X X windows system clients X Clients | X Clients clients, selecting Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup customizing Customizing Your X Startup exiting Leaving the X Environment | Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup mouse operation The Mouse starting Starting the X Environment troubleshooting Troubleshooting | X Problems xdm Starting the X Environment gzip File Compression with gzip | File Compression with gzip Hacker Ethic What Is Free Software? hackers What Is Free Software? hard disk Linux partition initializing Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition partitioning PC BIOS PC Disk Limitations swap partition initializing Initialize and Activate a | Initialize and Activate a hard disks partitioning Lossless Repartitioning | Debian Installation Steps | Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk partitions mounting Initialize a Linux Partition scanning Initialize and Activate a hard drive organizing Partitioning Your Hard Drive | Background | Background partition boot partition PC Disk Limitations partitioning Partitioning Your Hard Drive | Background | Background cylinder translation PC Disk Limitations root partition Background swap partition Background hard drives filesystems Mounting a Filesystem LILO operating system, booting Booting the System partitioning swap partitions Recommended Partitioning Scheme | Recommended Partitioning Scheme partitions mounting Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition hard links The Real Nature of | The Real Nature of comparing to symlinks Symbolic Links | Symbolic Links deleting The Real Nature of symlinks Symbolic Links hardware abstractions Introduction to X device files Device Files | /dev/null video cards support for Supported Hardware Hardware, supported no title Help file (installation) accessing Select help system HOWTOs HOWTOs hierarchies Concepts filesystems Concepts mount points Mounting a Filesystem mounting Mounting a Filesystem | Mounting a Filesystem | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip History see Command Line History home directories Files Present and Their home directory Using Files: A Tutorial HOWTOs HOWTOs icon-based file managers Introduction to X images (disk) writing to floppies Creating Floppies from Disk | Creating Floppies from Disk importing variables to environment Environment Variables info no title | Using info | Using info Info help system Managing Processes with bash initializing Linux partition Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition swap partition Initialize and Activate a | Initialize and Activate a inodes The Real Nature of | The Real Nature of hard links removing The Real Nature of Installation backups, performing Before You Start base system Install the Base System | Configure the Base System base system, configuring Debian Installation Steps | Choosing Your Installation Media boot floppies creating Make a Boot Floppy CD-ROM no title device drivers configuring Configure Device Driver Modules disks backing up Last Chance to Back dselect Introduction Access screen Access Floppies no title hard disks partitioning Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk hard drive partitioning Background | Background partitioning Partitioning Your Hard Drive Help file accessing Select kernel Install Operating System Kernel keyboard configuration Configure the Keyboard Linux partition initialization Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition main menu Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main master boot record Make Linux Bootable Directly Media no title memory requirements Memory and Disk Space Menu no title monitor display color, selecting Select Color or Monochrome multi-NFS, multi-mount Access multi_cd Access | Access network configuring Configure the Network packages Package Installation with dselect partitioning Partitioning Prior to Installation | Partitioning from DOS or | Lossless Repartitioning | Debian Installation Steps PCMCIA support configuring Configure PCMCIA Support Prerequisites no title profiles Planning Use of the selecting Select and Install Profiles root password setting Set the Root Password smoke test The Moment of Truth swap partition initialization Initialize and Activate a | Initialize and Activate a tasks selecting Select and Install Profiles time zone specifying Configure the Base System installations network workstations Information You Will Need operating systems, multiple Before You Start installing packages Install | Install Internet Debian mailing list Personal Help | Personal Help online manual viewing Environment Variables IRC (Internet Relay Chat) Debian mailing list Personal Help | Personal Help ISPs PPP PPP | Preparation italics typographical conventions Conventions job Managing Processes with bash job numbers assigning to command lines Managing Processes with bash jobs Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash listing Managing Processes with bash starting Managing Processes with bash status displaying Managing Processes with bash suspending Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash terminating Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash kernel boot process troubleshooting Troubleshooting the Boot Process installing Install Operating System Kernel PCMCIA removing Remove PCMCIA virtual consoles Virtual Consoles | Virtual Consoles kernel:LILO (Linux Loader) Booting the System | Booting the System key combinations dselect Select keyboard configuring Configure the Keyboard killing jobs Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash X server Leaving the X Environment Korn shell The Shell languages programming Software Development with Debian | Software Development with Debian LANs Ethernet configuration Ethernet large-scale copying Large-Scale Copying | Large-Scale Copying legal documentation GNU General Public License The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public licenses GNU General Public License The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public LILO Make Linux Bootable Directly LILO (Linux Loader) Booting the System | Booting the System limitations partitions PC Disk Limitations Linux devices Device Names in Linux | Device Names in Linux | Device Names in Linux GNU General Public License The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public | The GNU General Public kernel command line Describing the Command Line | Describing the Command Line disk cache Shutting Down virtual console Virtual Consoles | Virtual Consoles Linux Documentation Project Supported Hardware HOWTOs HOWTOs Linux native partition creating Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk Linux partition initializing Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition Linux partitions mounting Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition Linux swap partition creating Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk listing aliases Aliases jobs Managing Processes with bash mounted filesystems Example: Mounting a CD-ROM processes Processes locating documentation Kinds of Documentation | Kinds of Documentation files Finding Files | Finding Files system information Getting Information from the logging in First Steps | First Steps logical partitions PC Disk Limitations | Device Names in Linux long form options The Command Line and ls Using Files: A Tutorial | no title ls command Using Files: A Tutorial | Using Files: A Tutorial | Dot Files and ls -a mailing list Debian Personal Help | Personal Help main menu installation Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main mainenance packages What a Package Maintenance | What a Package Maintenance deselect dselect dpkg dpkg man less command Environment Variables man pages The Command Line and managing files Using a File Manager manual startup X windows system Starting the X Environment master boot record installation Make Linux Bootable Directly memory disk cache Shutting Down installation requirements Memory and Disk Space swap partitions Recommended Partitioning Scheme | Recommended Partitioning Scheme menus installation Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Partition a Hard Disk Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk messages error standard error stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and metacharacters regular expressions Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions mkdir command Using Files: A Tutorial mode (files) Mode | Mode | Mode modifier keys Conventions | Conventions modifying files hard links The Real Nature of modularity Introduction to X modules device drivers configuring Configure Device Driver Modules installation Install Operating System Kernel monitor display color selecting Select Color or Monochrome monochrome display selecting Select Color or Monochrome more command Using Files: A Tutorial mount points Mounting a Filesystem mounting CD-ROM Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM filesystems Mounting a Filesystem | Mounting a Filesystem | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Example: Mounting a CD-ROM | Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip automatic /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount | /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount floppy disks Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip initialized partitions Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition partitions Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition mouse operation X windows system The Mouse moving files Using Files: A Tutorial msdos filesystem Concepts multi-NFS, multi-mount installation Access multi_cd installation Access | Access multiple operating systems booting Make Linux Bootable Directly multitasking A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating | A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating processes Processes Multiuser A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating multiuser environment GNU/Linux A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating multiuser environments virtual console Virtual Consoles | Virtual Consoles mv command Using Files: A Tutorial named pipes Named Pipes (FIFOs) naming devices Device Names in Linux | Device Names in Linux | Device Names in Linux naming conventions files troubleshooting Working with Strangely-Named Files navigating dbootstrap Step-by-Step Installation nedit (text editor Text Editors netowrks devices output, redirecting stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and | stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and network configuring Configure the Network Network Configuration no title network transparency Introduction to X networking Networking Ethernet configuration Ethernet PPP PPP | Preparation configuration The Easy Way: wvdial | The Easy Way: wvdial sockets Sockets networks servers partitioning Recommended Partitioning Scheme terminals A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating virtual console Virtual Consoles | Virtual Consoles workstations installation Information You Will Need X servers Introduction to X online manual builtin programs Where Commands Reside: The text, paging Environment Variables viewing Environment Variables Open Source Software What Is Free Software? operating system booting LILO (Linux Loader) Booting the System kernel installing Install Operating System Kernel operating systems What Is Debian? backup tools Backup Tools GNU tar tar boot loaders Before You Start Debian booting Booting Debian functionality What Is Debian? GNU Linux multiuser environment A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating installation partitioning Partitioning Prior to Installation | Partitioning from DOS or | Lossless Repartitioning | Debian Installation Steps LILO Make Linux Bootable Directly modularity Introduction to X multiple installations Before You Start multiple, booting Make Linux Bootable Directly root password setting Set the Root Password swap partitions Background X windows system troubleshooting X Problems options (commands) The Command Line and ordinary user accounts Create an Ordinary User | Create an Ordinary User organization files Files and Directories | Files and Directories organizing files Concepts hard drive Partitioning Your Hard Drive | Background | Background ouput redirecting pipelines stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and output redirecting stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and | stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and | stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and reversing stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and overriding package dependencies Select ownership (files) File Ownership | File Ownership packages Glossary canceling selection (dselect) Select compiling Compiling Software configuring Configure Debian base system Debian Installation Steps | Choosing Your Installation Media dependencies Select | Select development Who Creates Debian? installation Package Installation with dselect multi-CD Access | Access multi-NFS, multi-mount Access installing Install | Install maintenance utilities What a Package Maintenance | What a Package Maintenance deselect dselect dpkg dpkg profiles Planning Use of the see also dselect Introduction | Introduction selecting Select and Install Profiles | Select | Select | Select states (dselect) Select | Select PAGER environment variable Environment Variables parameters The Command Line and parent directories Using Files: A Tutorial partition boot partition PC Disk Limitations Initialization no title Swap no title Lossless no title Partitioning no title | Device Names in Linux cylinder translation PC Disk Limitations hard disks Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk hard drive Partitioning Your Hard Drive | Background | Background root partition Background swap partition Background Linux partition initializing Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition PC BIOS PC Disk Limitations SCSI drives PC Disk Limitations servers Recommended Partitioning Scheme swap partition initializing Initialize and Activate a | Initialize and Activate a swap partitions Recommended Partitioning Scheme | Recommended Partitioning Scheme partitions mounting Initialize a Linux Partition | Initialize a Linux Partition | Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition surface scanning Initialize and Activate a passwords logging in First Steps | First Steps root password setting Set the Root Password shadow passwords Shadow Password Support superuser Working as Root PATH no title paths Files and Directories PC BIOS PC Disk Limitations PCMCIA no title configuring Configure PCMCIA Support removing Remove PCMCIA Permissions no title | Permissions | Permissions | Security access Mode example session Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice file ownership File Ownership | File Ownership hard links The Real Nature of mode Mode | Mode | Mode PID Processes PID (Process Identification Number) Processes pipe operators stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and pipeline Managing Processes with bash pipelines stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and output reversing stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and pipes named pipes Named Pipes (FIFOs) plans Managing Your Identity | Managing Your Identity PPP configuration PPP | Preparation wvdial The Easy Way: wvdial | The Easy Way: wvdial primary partitions PC Disk Limitations printenv Environment Variables | Environment Variables Printing no title troubleshooting Printing proc filesystem The proc Filesystem process groups Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash Process Management no title Processes no title | Processes boot process troubleshooting Troubleshooting the Boot Process comparing to programs Processes controlling The Shell | The Shell daemons Processes environments Environment Variables jobs listing Managing Processes with bash starting Managing Processes with bash suspending Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash terminating Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash named pipes Named Pipes (FIFOs) PID (Process Identification Number) Processes redirection operators stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and | stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and standard input stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and standard output stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and profiles Planning Use of the | Planning Use of the selecting Select and Install Profiles | Select and Install Profiles programming Software Development with Debian | Software Development with Debian programs bash aliases Aliases BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) Booting the System built-in Where Commands Reside: The cfdisk Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk comparing to processes Processes dbootstrap Step-by-Step Installation network configuration Configure the Network dselect Select and Install Profiles | Introduction | Introduction Access screen Access multi-CD installation Access multi-NFS, multi-mount installation Access package states Select | Select packages, configuring Configure packages, installing Install | Install Update screen Update | Select | Select | Select | Select executing search path Where Commands Reside: The | Where Commands Reside: The exiting How to Read This file managers Introduction to X functionality What Is Debian? gzip File Compression with gzip | File Compression with gzip multitasking A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating packages maintenance utilities What a Package Maintenance | What a Package Maintenance | dpkg | dselect shell The Shell | The Shell software development Software Development with Debian | Software Development with Debian tasks Select and Install Profiles | Select and Install Profiles text editors Text Editors | Text Editors ae Using ae wvdial PPP configuration The Easy Way: wvdial | The Easy Way: wvdial X clients X Clients | X Clients Prompt, Changing Environment Variables | Environment Variables prompts shell prompts First Steps proprietary software comparing to commercial What Is Free Software? proxy servers environment variables setting Access PS1 Environment Variables | Environment Variables pwd Using Files: A Tutorial pwd command Using Files: A Tutorial | Using Files: A Tutorial query process Booting the System questions technical support Personal Help | Tips for asking questions quitting ae (text editor) Using ae X windows system Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup RAM disk cache Shutting Down RAM (Random Access Memory) installation requirements Memory and Disk Space reading device files Device Files redirecting output stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and pipelines stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and Redirection no title redirection operators stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and hard links The Real Nature of output reversing stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and regular expressions Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions reinitializing swap partition Initialize and Activate a removable disks mounting filesystem Removable Disks (Floppies, Zip removing directories Using Files: A Tutorial hard links The Real Nature of PCMCIA Remove PCMCIA symlinks Symbolic Links | Symbolic Links repartitioning from Windows Partitioning from DOS or | Lossless Repartitioning hard drive Partitioning Your Hard Drive | Background | Background requirements installation memory Memory and Disk Space restrictions partitions PC Disk Limitations reversing output stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and rm Using Files: A Tutorial root directory Files and Directories | Files and Directories root partition Background root password setting Set the Root Password root user Working as Root | Working as Root see also superuser Files Present and Their saving edited files (ae) Using ae scanning hard disk Initialize and Activate a screen display color selecting Select Color or Monochrome screens ae (text editor) Using ae dselect Select Select | Select | Select | Select | Select Update Update X windows system windows manager Introduction to X scrolling commands Command History and Editing SCSI drives partitioning PC Disk Limitations partitions Device Names in Linux search path Where Commands Reside: The | Where Commands Reside: The security backups, performing Before You Start passwords logging in First Steps | First Steps shadow passwords Shadow Password Support permissions Permissions | Permissions | Security example session Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice file mode Mode | Mode | Mode file ownership File Ownership | File Ownership root password setting Set the Root Password root user Working as Root | Working as Root Select screen (dselect) Select | Select | Select | Select selecting color display Select Color or Monochrome fonts, xterm Starting the X Environment monochrome display Select Color or Monochrome packages Select and Install Profiles | Select | Select | Select see also dselect Introduction | Introduction profiles Select and Install Profiles | Select and Install Profiles X clients Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup Server profile Planning Use of the servers partitioning Recommended Partitioning Scheme proxy servers environment variables, setting Access X server killing Leaving the X Environment X servers Introduction to X clients X Clients | X Clients network transparency Introduction to X sh (Bourne shell) The Shell shadow passwords Shadow Password Support sharing software What Is Free Software? | What Is Free Software? Shell no title | The Shell | The Shell | no title built-in programs Where Commands Reside: The filename expansion patterns Filename Expansion output reversing stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and redirection operator stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and | stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and search path Where Commands Reside: The | Where Commands Reside: The shell commands typing First Steps shell prompt command history Command History and Editing command line Command History and Editing | Command History and Editing shells Bourne shell The Shell C shell The Shell command lines job numbers, assigning Managing Processes with bash current working directory Using Files: A Tutorial environments Environment Variables jobs suspending Managing Processes with bash pipelines stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and process groups Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash redirection operators hard links The Real Nature of variables exporting Environment Variables xterms Starting the X Environment shortcut directories Using Files: A Tutorial shortcuts aliases Aliases Shutdown no title shutting down Shutting Down sites Web Debian What Is Free Software? Free Software Foundation What Is Free Software? Multi Disk HOWTO Recommended Partitioning Scheme video cards, support for Supported Hardware smoke test The Moment of Truth Social Contract What Is Free Software? | What Is Free Software? | What Is Free Software? sockets Sockets soft links Symbolic Links software applications What Is Debian? development Who Creates Debian? free developing What Is Free Software? Social Contract What Is Free Software? Free Software What Is Free Software? Open Source What Is Free Software? packages mainenance utilities What a Package Maintenance | dpkg | dselect sofware development Software Development with Debian | Software Development with Debian Source code Viewing Text Files comparing to binary executables Viewing Text Files spaces typographical convention Conventions specifying time zone Configure the Base System splitting partitions Lossless Repartitioning Stallman, Richard M. Why Software Should be Free What Is Free Software? standard error stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and standard input stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and standard output stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and starting ae (text editor) Using ae jobs Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash X windows system Starting the X Environment startup boot process BIOS Booting the System query process Booting the System X windows system customizing Customizing Your X Startup states packages (dselect) Select | Select status jobs displaying Managing Processes with bash stdin no title stdout no title structure command line The Command Line and directories Files and Directories su command Working as Root subdirectories filename expansion patterns Filename Expansion | Filename Expansion submitting bug reports Troubleshooting the Boot Process superuser Working as Root | Working as Root home directory Files Present and Their superuser account Set the Root Password surface scanning hard disks Initialize and Activate a suspending jobs Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash swap partition Background initializing Initialize and Activate a | Initialize and Activate a swap partitions Recommended Partitioning Scheme | Recommended Partitioning Scheme Linux swap partition creating Partition a Hard Disk | Partition a Hard Disk symlinks Symbolic Links comparing to hard links Symbolic Links | Symbolic Links removing Symbolic Links syntax commands The Command Line and | Describing the Command Line | Describing the Command Line file searches Finding Files system binaries Files Present and Their system clock setting Configure the Base System system configuration Debian Installation Steps | Choosing Your Installation Media dbootstrap Step-by-Step Installation system-wide configuration System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration /etc directory Files Present and Their automatic filesystem mounting /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount | /etc/fstab: Automating the Mount networking Networking Ethernet Ethernet PPP PPP | Preparation | The Easy Way: wvdial | The Easy Way: wvdial packages selecting Select | Select | Select permissions file mode Mode | Mode | Mode file ownership File Ownership X windows system customizing Customizing Your X Startup system-wide configuratoin System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration Taper Backup Tools taper (backup utility) Backup Tools tar Backup Tools | no title tar (tape archiver tar tasks Select and Install Profiles | Select and Install Profiles tcsh The Shell technical support asking questions Personal Help | Tips for asking questions temporary files Files Present and Their Terminal A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating terminals A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating consoles A Multiuser, Multitasking Operating terminating jobs Managing Processes with bash | Managing Processes with bash testing installation smoke test The Moment of Truth text bold face typographical conventions Conventions fonts xterm, selecting Starting the X Environment italicized typographical conventions Conventions online manual paging Environment Variables output reversing stdin, stdout, Pipelines, and regular expressions Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions wildcards - Filename Expansion ? Filename Expansion file searches Finding Files filename expansion patterns Filename Expansion text editors Text Editors ae Using ae text files Working with Text Files | no title viewing Viewing Text Files time zone specifying Configure the Base System tools backups Backup Tools GNU tar tar FIPS Lossless Repartitioning | Lossless Repartitioning troubleshooting boot process Troubleshooting the Boot Process files naming conventions Working with Strangely-Named Files printing Printing X windows system Troubleshooting | X Problems type Where Commands Reside: The typing Bash commands wildcards Tab Completion command line Command History and Editing | Command History and Editing commands aliases Aliases modifier keys Conventions | Conventions shell commands First Steps wildcards ? Filename Expansion filename expansion pattern Filename Expansion typographical conventions Conventions | Conventions bold face Conventions italics Conventions modifier keys Conventions | Conventions spaces Conventions uncompressing files File Compression with gzip unmounting CD-ROMs Example: Mounting a CD-ROM Update screen (dselect) Update user accounts logging in First Steps | First Steps ordinary user Create an Ordinary User | Create an Ordinary User permission Permissions | Permissions permissions example session Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice | Permissions in Practice file ownership File Ownership | File Ownership mode Mode | Mode | Mode plans Managing Your Identity | Managing Your Identity root user Working as Root | Working as Root superuser Set the Root Password user-specific configuration System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration | System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration dotfiles System-Wide Versus User-Specific Configuration utilities archiving Backup Tools backup tools Backup Tools GNU tar tar dbootstrap network configuration Configure the Network dselect Select and Install Profiles | Introduction | Introduction Access screen Access multi-CD installation Access multi-NFS, multi-mount installation Access package states Select | Select packages, configuring Configure packages, installing Install | Install Update screen Update | Select | Select | Select | Select file manager Using a File Manager FIPS Lossless Repartitioning | Lossless Repartitioning GNU documentation viewer Using info | Using info gzip File Compression with gzip | File Compression with gzip package maintenance What a Package Maintenance | What a Package Maintenance deselect dselect dpkg dpkg system binaries Files Present and Their tasks Select and Install Profiles | Select and Install Profiles text editors Text Editors | Text Editors ae Using ae variables Environment Variables exporting Environment Variables shell exporting Environment Variables vi (text editor) Text Editors | Text Editors video cards support for Supported Hardware viewing directory contents Files Present and Their | Files Present and Their file contents Using Files: A Tutorial | Determining a File’s Contents files filename expansion pattern Filename Expansion Info help system Managing Processes with bash job status Managing Processes with bash mounted filesystems Example: Mounting a CD-ROM online manual Environment Variables text files Viewing Text Files Virtual Consoles no title | Virtual Consoles | Virtual Consoles virtual devices Device Files | /dev/null web sites Debian What Is Free Software? | Personal Help | Personal Help Free Software Foundation What Is Free Software? Multi Disk HOWTO Recommended Partitioning Scheme Web sites:video cards, support for Supported Hardware whoami command Working as Root Why Software Should be Free (Stallman, Richard M.) What Is Free Software? wildcards no title | Filename Expansion * Filename Expansion ? Filename Expansion Bash commands Tab Completion file searches Finding Files filename expansion pattens Filename Expansion regular expressions Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions | Regular Expressions window managers Introduction to X Windows partitioning Partitioning from DOS or | Lossless Repartitioning | Debian Installation Steps Work profile Planning Use of the workstations installation Information You Will Need write permission Mode writing disk images to floppies Creating Floppies from Disk | Creating Floppies from Disk to device files Device Files to named pipes Named Pipes (FIFOs) wvdial PPP configuration The Easy Way: wvdial | The Easy Way: wvdial X clients Introduction to X network transparency Introduction to X selecting Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup X servers Introduction to X X Window The X Window System | Introduction to X X windows system clients X Clients | X Clients selecting Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup customizing Customizing Your X Startup exiting Leaving the X Environment | Customizing Your X Startup | Customizing Your X Startup mouse operation The Mouse network transparency Introduction to X starting Starting the X Environment troubleshooting Troubleshooting | X Problems xdm Starting the X Environment X, troubleshooting no title xcoral (text editor) Text Editors xdm (X Display Manager) Starting the X Environment xterm font size, increasing Starting the X Environment fonts selecting Starting the X Environment xterms Starting the X Environment Zip Disks no title