Book I., Chap. X. of his Pseudodoxia, he speaks, with deep contempt, of

such as "can believe in the real resurrection of Samuel, or that there is anything but delusion, in the practice of _necromancy_, and popular raising of ghosts."

_Necromancers_ are those, who pretend to a power of communing with the dead, that is, conjuring up spirits, and of consulting them, in regard to the affairs of this or the other world. In the strictest sense, the Fishes and the Foxes and their numerous imitators are _necromancers_, of course.

This impious and eminently pernicious practice has been condemned, in every age, and by every civilized nation. It was condemned, by the law of Moses--"There shall not be found among you any one, that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard or a necromancer. For all that do these things are an abomination unto the Lord." Deut. xviii. 10, 11, 12.

Conjurers may justly be accounted disturbers of the public peace; and such undoubtedly they are, most effectually, by unsettling the minds of credulous people, murdering sleep, and, occasionally, as in repeated instances, during the progress of the present delusion, by driving their infatuated victims to despair, insanity, and suicide. Severe laws have often been enacted, against these pestilent impostors. Conjuration was made felony by statute 1, James I., 1603. This was repealed by 9 Geo. II., 1763. This repeal was in keeping with the ascendancy of common sense, which decreed, that all conjuration was an absurdity: but, at the same time, all _pretensions_ to exercise this or any similar art was made punishable, as a misdemeanor. All laws, against witchcraft and sorcery, founded on the presumption of their possibility, are now justly accounted cruel and absurd. Laws, for the punishment of such, as disturb the public repose, by pretending to exercise these unnatural agencies, are no less judicious; though they have not always been effectual, against the prejudices of the people. The _Genethliaci_, who erected their horoscopes in Rome, for the purpose of foretelling future events, by judicial astrology, were expelled, by a formal decree of the senate; yet they long retained their hold, upon the affections of a credulous people.

This species of divination, by the heavenly bodies, commenced with the Chaldeans, and, from them, passed to the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Henault informs us, that it was much in vogue, in France, during the days of Catherine de Medicis. Roger Bacon was greatly devoted to the practice of Judicial Astrology. Cecil, Lord Burleigh, is known, gravely and elaborately to have calculated the nativity of Queen Elizabeth, who was feverishly addicted to magic. The judicial astrologers of the middle ages were a formidable body, and their conjuring cups and glasses were in high esteem. In Sweden, judicial astrology was in the greatest favor, with kings and commoners. A particular influence was ascribed to the conjuring cup of Erricus, king of Sweden. The Swedes firmly believed, that Herlicius, their famous astrologer, had truly predicted the death of the monarch, Gustavus Adolphus, in 1632, at the battle of Lutzengen, or Lippstadt.

In the reigns of Henry III. and Henry IV. of France, this absurd delusion was in such repute, that judicial astrologers were consulted, upon the most trivial occasions; and their daily predictions were the theme of grave and constant conversation, with every class of society. It was no uncommon thing, even in England, for those, who were desirous of communicating with the dead, to make a previous arrangement with some favorite astrologer, and _bespeak a spirit_, as we bespeak a coach, for some particular hour.

In the Autobiography of William Lilly, the famous astrologer, in the time of the Stuarts, a curious account is given of Alexander Hart, an astrologer, living in Houndsditch, about the year 1632. It seems, that Hart had entered into a contract with a countryman, who had paid him twenty or thirty pounds, to arrange a meeting between this countryman and a particular spirit, at an appointed time. But, either Hart's powers of raising the dead were unequal to the task, or the spirit had no inclination to keep up the countryman's acquaintance; certain it is, the spirit was unpunctual; and, the patience of the countryman becoming exhausted, he caused the astrologer to be indicted, for a cheat. He was convicted, and about to be set in the pillory, when John Taylor, the water poet, persuaded Chief Justice Richardson to bail him, and Hart was fairly spirited away. He then fled into Holland, where, a few years after, he gave up the spirit, in reality.

Its unintelligible quality is the very essence of delusion. Nothing can be more unreasonable, therefore, than to mistake our inability to explain a mystery, for conclusive evidence of its reality and truth. That it is unintelligible or inexplicable surely affords less evidence of its reality, and truth, than is furnished of its falsehood, by its manifest inconsistency with all known natural laws. Bruce informs us, that the inhabitants of the western coasts of Africa pretend to hold a direct communication with the devil; and the evidence of the thing they assert is so very curious and imposing, that he and other travellers are entirely at fault, in their attempts to explain the mystery. Yet no one, for a moment, supposes, that Bruce had the slightest confidence in these absurdities.

And yet, so great, so profound, was the belief of Friar Bacon, in this preposterous delusion, that, in his Opus Majus, page 65, he exclaims--"Oh, how happy had it been for the church of God, and how many mischiefs would it have prevented, if the aspects and qualities of the Heavenly bodies had been predicted, by learned men, and known to the princes and prelates of those times! There would not then have been so great a slaughter of Christians, nor would so many miserable souls have been sent to hell."

This eminently learned man, Roger Bacon, refers, in this remarkable passage, to the various calamities, which existed, in England, Spain, and Italy, during the year 1264.

The word, mathematician, seems to have been applied, in that age, exclusively to astrologers. Peter de Blois, one of the most learned writers of his time, who died A. D. 1200, says, in the folio edition of his works, by Gussanville, page 596--"Mathematicians are those, who, from the position of the stars, the aspect of the firmament, and the motion of the planets, discover things, that are to come."

"These prognosticators," says Henry, in his History of Great Britain, vol. vi. page 109, "were so much admired and credited, that there was hardly a prince, or even an earl, or great baron, in Europe, who did not keep one or more of them, in his family, to cast the horoscopes of his children, discover the success of his designs, and the public events, that were to happen."

No. CLVIII.

There are sundry precepts, delivered by Heathen poets, some eighteen hundred years ago, which modern philosophy may not disregard with impunity. If it be true, and doubtless it is true, that a certain blindness to the future is given, in mercy, to man, how utterly unwise are all our efforts to rend the veil, and how preposterous withal!

The wiser, even among those, who were not confirmed in the belief, that there was absolutely nothing, in the doctrines of auguries, and omens, and judicial astrology, have discountenanced all attempts to pry into the future, by a resort to such mystical agencies. The counsel of Horace to Leuconoe is fresh in the memory of every classical reader:--

"Tu ne quæsieris, scire nefas, quem mihi, quem tibi Finem Dì dederint, Leuconoë, neu Babylonios Tentàris numeros. Ut melius, quidquid erit pati! Seu plures hyemes, seu tribuit Jupiter ultimam, Quæ nunc oppositis debilitat pumicibus mare Tyrrhenum"----

The version of Francis, however imperfect, may not be unwelcome to the English reader:--

"Strive not, Leuconoe, to pry Into the secret will of fate; Nor impious magic vainly try To know our live's uncertain date.

Whether th' indulgent Power divine Hath many seasons yet in store, Or this the latest winter thine, Which breaks its waves against the shore."

This passage from Horace is not required, to establish the fact, that magical arts were practised, among the Babylonians. A certain measure of superstition seems to belong to the nature of man; and to grow greater or less, in proportion to the exercise, or neglect, of his reasoning faculties. From this general rule history has furnished us with eminent exceptions. Cunning, and cupidity, and credulity are destined to be ever present: it is therefore to be expected, that, from age to age, the most egregious absurdities will pass, upon a portion of the community, for sober truths.

The fact, that popular absurdities have won the patient, if not the respectful, consideration of certain distinguished individuals, who have spoken, and written, doubtingly, if not precisely, in their favor, goes but a very little way, in their behalf. There was a time, when all the world believed, that the sun revolved around the earth, and that the blood was a stagnant pool, in the human body. There are none, I presume, of all, who give their confidence to any marvel of modern times, who are more learned or more wise, than Sir Matthew Hale, or Sir Thomas Browne. Yet both these wise and learned men were firm believers, in witchcraft; and two miserable people, Cullender and Duny, were given over to be hung, by Sir Matthew, partly upon the testimony of Sir Thomas.

Though nobody, whose sense is of the common kind, believes in witchcraft, at the present day, there was formerly no lack of believers, in any rank, or profession, in society. The matter was taken for a fixed and incontrovertible fact. The evidence was clear and conclusive, in the opinion of some, among the most eminent judges. If to doubt was not exactly to be damned, it often brought the audacious unbeliever, in danger of being hanged. Competent witnesses gravely swore, that pins and needles were run into their bodies, by persons, at the distance of a mile or more. For this offence, the witches were sentenced to be hanged; and, upon the gallows, confessed, with tears in their eyes, that they did really stick those identical pins, into the bodies of their accusers, being at the time, at the distance of a mile or more; and were swung off; having thus made their peace with God. Witnesses actually swore, that their houses were rocked, by old women, apparently too feeble to rock an infant's cradle, and that tables and chairs were turned topsy turvy; and the old ladies confessed, that they had actually rocked two-story houses and upset those tables, and seemed to be pleased with the distinction of being hanged, for the achievement.

Whoever doubted these miracles was called upon to _explain_, or _believe_; and, if he could not indicate clearly the mode, in which this jugglery was effected, he was required to believe in a thing, which was manifestly not _in rerum natura_. In this dilemma, he might suggest an example of legerdemain, familiar to us all--a juggler puts an egg into an ordinary hat, and, apparently, in an instant, the egg is converted into a pancake. If the beholder cannot demonstrate how this is done, he, of course, must believe in the actual conversion, that is in transubstantiation. I have seen this little miracle performed, and confess I do not understand it; and yet I exceedingly doubt, if an egg can be so instantly converted into a pancake.

The witch of Endor pretended to conjure up the dead. The effigy was supposed to be made manifest to the eye. Our modern witches and wizards conjure, up or down, whichever it may be, invisible spirits. These spirits have no power of audible speech; thus far, at least, they seem not to have recovered the use of their tongues. To be sure, spirit without matter cannot be supposed to emit sounds; but such is not the case here, for they convey their responses, audibly, by knockings. This is rather a circuitous mode of conveying intelligence, with their fingers and toes, which might be more easily conveyed by the voice.

The difference, between our Blitzes and Samees, and the Fishes and the Foxes, consists in this--the former never, for a moment, pretend, that eggs are in reality pancakes, or that they actually perform the pretty miracles, which they seem to perform--the latter gravely contend, as it was contended, in the days of witchcraft, those days, that tried old women's souls, that their achievements are realities.

So long as these matters are merely harmless, even though they consume much valuable time, that might be more worthily employed, and transfer the illy-spared coin of the credulous poor, from their own pockets, to the pockets of unprincipled jugglers and impostors, perhaps it may be well to suffer the evil to correct itself, and die even a lingering death. But, when it is manifestly spreading, broadcast, over the land, and even receiving a dash of something like grave importance from the pen, occasionally, of some professional gentleman, whose very doubt may dignify delusion; the matter seems really to demand some little consideration, at least: not that the doubts, even of a respectable physician, elaborately uttered, in a journal of fair repute, can do more to establish the power of mother Fish or mother Fox, to raise the dead, than was achieved, by the opinion of Lord Chief Justice Hale, in favor of witchcraft. That has fallen, as, in due time, this will fall, into merited contempt. But the expression of doubts, from a respectable quarter, upon an occasion like the present, tends, obviously, to strengthen those hands, which probably deserve to be paralyzed.

So long, as a matter, like this, is confined to speculation, it may be suffered to flit by, like the folly of a day. But the pestilent thing, of which I am speaking, has, long ago, assumed an entirely different, and a severer, type. At this very time, individuals, who are strictly entitled to the name of vagabonds, male and female, are getting their bread, by cheating the curious and the credulous, in a great number of our towns and villages, by the performance of these frightful antics. This term is altogether too feeble, to express the meaning, which I would gladly fix, in the public mind. By these infernal agencies, children are imbued with a superstitious fear, which tends to enfeeble their intellects, and has a mischievous influence, upon life and conduct, to the end of their days--upon children of a larger growth, especially upon those of nervous temperament, and feeble health, the pernicious effect is incalculable. The fact is perfectly well known, and thoroughly established, that these diabolical orgies, and mystical teachings have not only inflicted the deepest misery on many minds, but have induced several infatuated persons, to commit self murder; and driven others to despair; deprived them of their reason; and caused them to be placed, in asylums for the insane.

It is no longer therefore the part of wisdom to treat this evil, with sheer contempt. The conflagration has advanced too far, for us to hope it will go out, erelong, of its own accord. What is then the part of wisdom?

There are individuals, whose opinions are certainly entitled to respect, and who conceive, that these mysteries deserve a full and formal examination, by a committee of wise and learned men, that the world may be guided by their decision. I am fearful, that such a course would result in nothing better than disappointment, if in nothing worse.

These mysteries are Protean, in their character--

"Verum, ubi correptum manibus vinclisque tenebis, Turn variæ eludent species atque ora ferarum."

If the members of the learned inquisition should furnish an explanation of one, or more, of these _mirabilia_, a new series of perplexing novelties would speedily arise, and demand their attention;--so that the _savans_ would, necessarily, become a standing committee, on modern miracles. The incomparable Blitz, if the process were discovered, by which he appears, instantaneously, to convert an egg into a pancake, would challenge you to explain another, by which he rapidly deduces some thirty yards of ribbon from the nose of a bystander. And, if we cannot explain this mystery, he may as reasonably demand of us to believe it a reality, as goody Fox or goody Fish may require her _customers_--for raising the dead is a trade--to believe in her power, to conjure up spirits, because we may not be able to discover the process, by which the rappings are produced.

But, even if an investigation were made, by the most competent physiologists, and the decree should go forth, _ex cathedra_; it would, probably, produce a very slight impression upon the whole community. That same self-conceit, which often fills an old woman to the brim, with the belief, that she is a more skilful leech, than Æsculapius ever was, will continue to stand the credulous instead; and the rappings will go on, in spite of the decree of the _savans_; the spirits of the dead will continue to be raised, as they are, at present, at fifty cents apiece; men, women, and children will insist upon their inalienable right to believe, that eggs are pancakes, and that, in violation of all the established laws of nature, ghosts may be conjured up, at the shortest notice; and examples will continue to occur, of distressing nervous excitement, domestic misery, self-murder, and madness.

The question recurs--what shall be done, for the correction of this increasing evil? Some suggestions have been made, sufficiently germain to several of the extraordinary pretensions of the present day. Thus, in respect to _clairvoyance_, a standing offer of several thousand francs has been made, by certain persons, in Paris, to any individual, who will prove his ability to see through a pine plank. In regard also to the assumption of knowledge, obtained, through a pretended communication with spirits, a purse of gold has been offered to any person, who, with the aid of all the spirits he can conjure up to his assistance, will truly declare the amount it contains, with a moderate forfeit, in case of failure.

This whole matter of conjuration, and spiritual rapping has become an insufferable evil. It is a crying nuisance, and should be dealt with accordingly. It is, by no means, necessary, before we proceed to abate a nuisance, to inquire, in what manner it is produced. It is not possible to distinguish, between the _chevaliers d'industrie_, who swindle the credulous out of their money, by the exhibition of these highly pernicious orgies, from conjurors and jugglers. If this construction be correct, and I perceive nothing to the contrary, then these mischief-makers come within the fifth section of chapter 143 of the Revised Statutes of Massachusetts. Any police court or justice of the peace, has power to send to the house of correction, "_all persons who use any juggling_." It would be a public service to apply this wholesome law to goody Fox, or goody Fish, or any other goody, of either sex, holding these conjurations within our precinct. Upon a complaint, the question would necessarily arise if the offence charged were "_juggling_" or not; and the rule of evidence, _cuique in sua arte_, would bring out the opinions of men, learned in their profession. I am aware of no other mode, by which those persons are likely to be gratified, who believe these proceedings entitled to serious examination. Let us not drop this interesting subject here.

No. CLIX.

In the olden time, almanacs were exclusively the work of judicial astrologers. The calendar, in addition to the registration of remarkable events, and times, and tides, and predictions, in relation to the weather, presumed to foretell the affairs of mankind, and the prospective changes, in the condition of the world; not by any processes of reasoning, but by a careful contemplation of the heavenly bodies.

On most occasions, these predictions were sufficiently vague, for the soothsayer's security; quite as much so, as our more modern foreshadowings, in relation to the weather, whose admonitions, to _expect a change_, _about these times_, are frequently extended from the beginning to the end of the calendar month. An example of this wariness appears, in a letter of John of Salisbury, written in 1170. "The astrologers," says he, "call this year the wonderful year, from the singular situation of the planets and constellations; and say, that, in the course of it, the councils of kings will be changed, wars will be frequent, and the world will be troubled with seditions; that learned men will be discouraged; but, towards the end of the year, they will be exalted."

Emboldened, by the almost universal deference, paid to their predictions, the astrologers soon began to venture, on a measure of precision, which was somewhat hazardous.

In the commencement of the year 1186, the most distinguished judicial astrologers, not only in England, but upon the continent, proclaimed, that there existed an unprecedented conjunction of the planets, in the sign Libra. Hence they predicted, that, on Tuesday, the sixteenth day of September, at three o'clock in the morning, a storm would arise, such as the world had never known before. They asserted, with an amazing confidence, that, not only individual structures would be destroyed, by this terrible storm, but that great cities would be swept away, before its fury. This tempest, according to their predictions, would be followed, by a far spreading pestilence, and by wars of unexampled severity. A particular account of these remarkable predictions may be found, on page 356 of the annals of Roger de Hoveden.

No more conclusive evidence is necessary of the implicit, and universal confidence, which then prevailed, in the teachings of judicial astrology, than the wide spread dismay and consternation, produced by these bold and positive predictions. It is not possible to calculate the sum of human misery, inflicted upon society, by the terrible anticipations of these coming events. As the fatal day drew near, extraordinary preparations were everywhere made, to secure property, from the devastating effects of the approaching tempest. Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, commanded a solemn fast of three days' continuance, throughout his precinct. On the night of the fifteenth of September, very many persons sat up, in solemn expectation of the coming tempest.

It has been cruelly observed of medical men, that, to some of their number, the death of a patient would, on the whole, be rather more agreeable, than that he should falsify their prediction, by the recovery of his health. How powerfully a sentiment, similar to this, must have exercised the spirits of these astrologers, as the appointed hour drew nigh! It came at last--bright and cloudless--followed by a day of unusual serenity. The season was one of extraordinary mildness; the harvest and vintage were abundant; and the general health of the people was a subject of universal observation. Old Gervase, of Tilbury, in his Chronicles, alluding to the Archbishop's fears and fastings, remarks, that there were no storms, during the whole year, other than such, as the Archbishop himself raised in the church, by his own absurdity and violence.

The astrologers hung their heads, for very shame, and lost caste, for a time, with the people.

Divination was, of old, emphatically, a royal folly; and kings have been its dupes and votaries, from the earliest ages of the world. The secret manner, in which Saul betook himself to the witch of Endor, arose, partly, from his knowledge, that such orgies were a violation of divine and human laws. The evils, resulting from such absurdities, had become so apparent, that Saul, himself, had already banished all the soothsayers and magicians from his kingdom. It is manifest, from the experience of Saul, that it is unwise to consult a witch, upon an empty stomach--"_Then Saul fell straightway all along on the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night_."

Lucan, lib. vi. v. 570, et seq., represents young Pompey, just before the battle of Pharsalia, as paying a nocturnal visit, to a sorceress of Thessaly, of whom he inquires, in relation to the issue of the combat. With the ordinary preliminaries, charms, and incantations, the necromancer conjures up the ghost of a soldier, who had recently fallen in battle. At length, she pronounces a denunciation, between which and the prediction of the witch of Endor, delivered to Saul, the resemblance is certainly remarkable.

The laws of France, in the time of Louis XIV., were extremely rigorous, against sorcery and divination, inflicting the severest penalties, upon all, who pretended to exercise their skill, in these worse than unprofitable mysteries. Nevertheless, an extraordinary story is related, in the autobiography of Madame Du Barri, as communicated to her, by Louis XV., of several visits stealthily paid, by Louis XIV., and Madame de Maintenon, to a celebrated judicial astrologer, in Paris. This narrative may be found recorded, at length, in the first volume of Madame Du Barri's Memoirs, commencing on page 286.

The age of Louis XIV. was an age of superstition. An Italian priest, a secret professor of the art of necromancy, was induced, upon the King's promise of protection, against the parliament, in the event of a discovery, to satisfy the royal curiosity, and open the book of fate. At the hour appointed, being midnight, Madame de Maintenon and the _Duc de Noailles_ were conveyed to a house in Sevrès, where they met the sorcerer, who had celebrated the mass alone, and consecrated several wafers. After performing a variety of ceremonies, he drew the horoscope of the King, and Madame de Maintenon. He promised the King, that he should succeed, in all his undertakings. He then gave his Majesty a parcel, wrapped in new parchment, and carefully sealed, saying to the King--"the day, in which you form the fatal resolution of acquainting yourself with the contents of this package, will be the last of your prosperity; but, if you desire to carry your good fortune to the highest pitch, be careful, upon every great festival, Easter, Whitsunday, the Assumption, and Christmas, to pierce this talisman with a pin; do this, and be happy."

Certain events confirmed the sorcerer's predictions--others gave them the lie direct. The royal confidence was shaken.

Upon one occasion, the Bishop of Meaux, the great Bossuet, chanced to be at the apartments of Madame de Maintenon; and the subject of magic and sorcery being introduced, the good Bishop expressed himself, with such abhorrence of the profanation, as effectually to stir up a sentiment of compunction, in the bosom of the King and Madame. At length, they disclosed the secret to their confessors, to whom the most effectual means of breaking the charm appeared to be, to break open the talismanic package; and this was accordingly imposed, as a penance, on the King.

His sacred Majesty was thus painfully placed, _inter cornua_, or, as we trivially say, between hawk and buzzard--between the priest and the sorcerer. His good sense, if not his devotion, prevailed. The package was torn open, in the presence of Madame de Maintenon, and father la Chaise. It contained a consecrated wafer, pierced with as many holes, as there had been saints' days in the calendar, since it had been in the King's possession. That consternation fell upon the King, which becomes a good Catholic, when he believes, that he has committed sacrilege. He was long disordered, by the recollection, and all, that masses and starvation could avail, to purge the offence, was cheerfully submitted to, by the King. Louis XV. closes this farcical account, with a grave averment, that his ancestor, after this, lost as many male descendants, in the right line, as he had stuck pins, in the holy wafer. There may, possibly, be some little consolation, in the reflection, that, if the private history of Louis le Grand be entitled to any credit, like Charles the Second of England, he could well afford the sacrifice--of whom Butler pleasantly remarks--

"Go on, brave Charles, and if thy back, As well as purse, but hold thee tack, Most of thy realm, in time, the rather Than call thee king, shall call thee father."

The Millennarians of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries--and these enthusiasts are, by no means, of modern origin--may be said to have hunted, in company with the judicial astrologers. Herlicius and the Millennarians solemnly predicted the destruction of the Turkish Empire, in 1665, the one relying upon the aspect of the stars, and the other upon their fantastical interpretation of the Scriptures; and both, in all likelihood, chiefly, upon the good sword and stubborn will of the Emperor; who, to their infinite disappointment and mortification, finally made peace with the Ottomans. Yet David Herlicius was no impostor, or if so, there was no greater dupe to his astrological doctrines than himself. He was a learned, pious, and honest man.

There is, probably, no more extensively popular error, than that a deceiver must possess, on all occasions, a greater measure of knowledge than the deceived. Herlicius was an eminent physician; and Bayle says of him, vol. vi. page 137--"One can hardly imagine why a man, who had so much business, in the practice of physic, and who never had any children, should fear to want bread in his old age, unless he drew horoscopes."

This eminent man had doubtless some little misgivings, as to the infallibility of the art, after the failure of his prediction, in relation to the Ottomans. Bayle recites an extract of a letter, from Herlicius to a friend, in which the writer says: "Oh that fortune would look kindly upon me! that, without meddling with those astrological trifles, I might make provision for old age, which threatens me with blindness; and I would never draw any horoscope. In the mean time, when a great many persons inquire for, and desire to know more things, than are within the compass of our art, or more than it can explain, I choose rather to act with conscience, than to disgrace, and, as it were, to defile, our sacred Astrology, and to cast a blemish upon it. For our art abounds with a great number of Chaldean superstitions, which several of our countrymen are still obstinately fond of. A great many ask me what color of clothes and horses will be lucky for them? Sometimes I laugh heartily, at these and other such absurd questions, but I do also often abhor them. For I am enamored with the virgin state of our art, nor can I suffer that it should be so abominably defiled, as to give the enemies of astrology an opportunity to object to us those abuses, to the contempt of the art itself."

At the period, when Herlicius unfortunately predicted the destruction of the Ottoman power, Judicial Astrology was in the highest favor in England. The date of the prediction, 1665, was the sixth year of Charles the Second. Whatever space remained, unoccupied by other follies, during the reign of the Stuarts, and even during the interregnum, was filled by the preposterous doctrines of Judicial Astrology. It is perfectly well established, that Charles the First, when meditating his escape from Carisbrook castle, in 1647, consulted the famous astrologer, Sir William Lilly.

No. CLX.

Isabel, Countess of Warwick, 1439--"My body is to be buried, in the Abbey of Tewksbury; and I desire, that my great Templys[19] with the Baleys[20] be sold to the utmost, and delivered to the monks of that house, so that they grutched not my burial there. Also I will that my statue be made, all naked, with my hair cast backwards, according to the design and model, which Thomas Porchalion[21] has, for that purpose, with Mary Magdalen laying her hand across, and St. John the Evangelist on the right side, and St. Anthony on the left." The singularity of this provision would lead one to believe that the testatrix made her will, under the influence of St. Anthony's fire.

John, Lord Fanhope, 1443--"To John, my bastard son, now at Ampthill, ccc. marks; and, in case he should die, before he attain the age of twenty-one, I will that Thomas, my other bastard son, shall have the said ccc. marks."

Henry Beaufort was the second son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, by Katherine Swinford, a bastard born, but with his brothers and sister, legitimated by act of Parliament, 20 Rich. II., became Bishop of Lincoln 1397--translated to Winchester, 1404, and made a Cardinal. He was remarkable, for his immense wealth, prudence, and frugality. He was four times Chancellor of England. He is reported to have clung to life with a remarkable tenacity. Rapin says, he died for grief, that wealth could not save him from death. The death bed of this Cardinal is admirably described by Shakspeare, in the second part of King Henry VI., Act III., Scene III.:

_K. Henry._ How fares my lord? Speak Beaufort to thy Sovereign.

_Cardinal._ If thou be'st Death, I'll give thee England's treasure, Enough to purchase such another island, So thou wilt let me live, and feel no pain.

* * * * *

_Warwick._ See how the pangs of death do make him grin.

_Salisbury._ Disturb him not, let him pass peaceably.

_K. Henry._ Peace to his soul, if God's good pleasure be! Lord Cardinal, if think'st on Heaven's bliss, Hold up thy hand, make signal of thy hope. He dies, and makes no sign; Oh God forgive him!

_Warwick._ So bad a death argues a monstrous life.

_K. Henry._ Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all-- Close up his eyes, and draw the curtains close.

The Cardinal's will, though without date, was made about 1443.--"I will that ten thousand masses be said for my soul, as soon as possible after my decease, three thousand of requiem, three thousand of _de rorate coeli desuper_, three thousand of the Holy Ghost, and one thousand of the Trinity. * * * * Item, I bequeath to my Lord, King Henry, a tablet with reliques, which is called the tablet of Bourbon, and a cup of gold with a ewer, which belonged to the illustrious prince, his father, and offered by him on Easter Eve, and out of which cup he usually drunk, and for the last time drank. * * * * Item, I bequeath to my Lord the King, my dish or plate of gold for spices, and my cup of gold, enamelled with images."

In two codicils to this will, Cardinal Beaufort refers to certain crown jewels, and vessels of silver and gold, pledged to him by the King and Parliament, for certain sums lent. When the King went into France and Normandy, and upon other subsequent occasions, the Cardinal had loaned the King £22,306 18_s._ 8_d._ It appears in Rymer, vol. x. page 502, that the King redeemed the sword of Spain and sundry jewels, pledged to the Cardinal, for £493 6_s._ 8_d._

John, Duke of Exeter, 1447--"I will that four honest and cunning priests be provided, to pray perpetually every year, for my soul." He then conveys certain manors to his son Henry, "provided always, that an annuity of XL_l._ be reserved for my two bastard sons, William and Thomas."

William Burges, garter King of Arms, 1449, bequeaths to the church of St. George at Staunford--"to the seyd chirch for ther solempne feste dayes to stand upon the high awter 11 grete basque of silver, and 11 high candlesticks of sylver, 1 coupe of sylver, in the whych is one litel box of yvory, to put in the blessid sacrament." He also gives to said church "two greter candelstykkes, and for eiche of these candelstykkes to be ordayned a taper of waxe of 1 pound wight, and so served, to be lighted atte dyvyne servyce at pryncipal fest dayes, and al other solempne festes, as, at matyns, pryme, masse, and the yeven songs."

John, Lord Scrope, 1451--"To the altar, in the chapel of St. Mary, at York, a jewel, with a bone of St. Margaret, and XL_s._ for ringing their bells, at my funeral."

Ann, Duchess of Exeter, 1457--"I forbid my executors to make any great feast, or to have a solemn hearse, or any costly lights, or largess of liveries according to the glory or vain pomp of the world, at my funeral, but only to the worship of God, after the discretion of Mr. John Pynchebeke, Doctor of Divinity."

Edmund Brudenell, 1457--"To Agmondesham Church; to the Provosts of the Church for the maintenance of the great light before the cross XX_s._ To the maintenance of the light before St. Katherine's Cross, III_s._ IV_d._"

John Younge, 1458--"To the fabrick of the Church of Herne, viz., to make seats, called puyinge, X. marks."

John Sprot, Clerk, 1461--"To each of my parishioners XL_d._"

The passion for books, merely because of their antique rarity, and not for their intrinsic value, is not less dangerous, for the pursuer, than that, for collecting rare animals, and forming a private menagerie, at vast expense. Even the entomologist has been known to diminish the comforts of his family, by investing his ready money in rare and valuable bugs. It has been pleasantly said of him,

"He leaves his children, when he dies, The richest cabinet of flies."

There is no doubt, that, in those superstitious days, the traffic in relics must have been a source of very great profit to the priests; equal, at least, to the traffic in _ancient terra cottas_, in the days of Nollekens. The sleeves of those crafty friars could not have been large enough, to hold their laughter, at the expense of the faithful. The heir apparent, whose grief, for the death of his ancestor, was sufficiently subdued, by his refreshing anticipations of some thousands of marks in ready money, must have been somewhat startled, upon the reading of the will, to find himself residuary legatee, _for life_, of the testator's "reliques, remainder over to the Carthusian Friars!"

Such, and similar, things were of actual occurrence. William Haute, Esquire, made his will, May 9, 1462, of course, in the reign of Edward the Fourth. This worthy gentleman ordains--"My body to be buried, in the Church of the Augustine Friars, before the image of St. Catherine, between my wives. * * * * I bequeath one piece of that stone, on which the Archangel Gabriel descended, when he saluted the Blessed Virgin Mary, to the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Church of Bourne, the same to stand under the foot of the said image. I bequeath one piece of the bone of St. Bartholomew to the Church of Waltham. One piece of the hair cloth of St. Catherine, the Virgin, and a piece of the bone of St. Nicholas, to the Church of the Augustine Friars aforesaid. I bequeath all the remainder of my relicks to my son William, _for life_, with remainder to the Augustine Friars forever."

Humphrey, Earl of Devon, 1463--"I will, that Mr. Nicholas Goss and Mr. Watts, Warden of the Grey Friars, at Exeter, shall, for the salvation of my soul, go to every Parish Church, in the Counties of Dorset, Somerset, Wilts, Devon, and Cornwall, and say a sermon, in every Church, town, or other; and as I cannot recompense such as I have offended, I desire them to forgive my poor soul, that it be not endangered."

William, Earl of Pembroke, 1469--"In nomine Jesu, &c. And wyfe, that ye remember your promise to me, that ye take the ordre of widowhood, as ye may the better mayster your owne * * * * Wyfe pray for me, and take the said ordre, that ye promised me, as ye had, in my lyfe, my hert and love." This lady, who was the daughter of Sir Walter Devereux, observed her vow, and died the widow of the Earl; which is the more remarkable, as these injunctions have often produced an opposite effect, and abbreviated the term of continency.

Sir Harry Stafford, Kt., 1471--"To my son-in-law, the Earl of Richmond, a trappur, four new horse harness of velvet; to my brother, John, Earl of Wiltshire, my bay courser; to Reynold Bray, my Receiver General, my grizzled horse."

Cecilia Lady Kirriel, 1472--"In my pure widowhood, &c. To John Kirriel, bastard, &c."

It is not unusual for the consciences of men, in a dying hour, to clutch, for security, at the veriest straws. It is instructive to consider the evidences, exhibited in these ancient testaments, of superfluous compunction. Sir Walter Moyle, Knt., 1479, directs his feoffees "to make an estate, in two acres of land, more or less, lying in the parish of Estwell, in a field called Calinglond, and deliver the same, in fee simple, to three or four honest men, to the use and behoof of the Church of Estwell aforesaid, in recompense of a certain annual rent of £2 of wax, by me wrested and detained from the said Church, against my conscience."

It was not unusual, to appoint overseers, to have an eye upon executors; a provision, which may not be without its advantages, occasionally, even in these days of more perfect morality, and higher law. Sir Ralph Verney, Knt., 1478, appoints four executors, and "my trewe lover, John Browne, Alderman of London, to be one of the _overseers_ of this my present testament, and to have a remembrance upon my soul, one of my cups, covered with silver gilt."

Monks and Friars were pleasant fellows in the olden time, and Nuns are not supposed to have been without their holy comforts. Landseer's fine picture of Bolton Abbey is a faithful illustration. The fat of the land, when offered to idols, has commonly been eaten up by deputy. However shadowy and attenuated the souls of their humble and confiding tributaries, the carcasses of abbots are commonly represented as superlatively fat and rubicund.

Bequests and devises to Lights and Altars were very common. Eustace Greville, Esquire, 1479, bequeaths "to the Light of the Blessed Mary, in the said Church of Wolton, three pounds of wax in candles and two torches; to the Altar of the Blessed Mary in the said church, one bushel of wheat and as much of barley; and to the Lights of the Holy Cross there one bushel of barley and as much of beans; and the same to the Light of St. Katherine there."

FINIS.

DUST TO DUST.

In utter disregard of all precedent, I have placed this dedication at the end of the volume, deeming it meet and right, that the corpse should go before.

How very often the publication of a ponderous tome has been found to resemble the interment of a portly corpse! How truly, ere long, it may be equally affirmed, of both--the places, that knew them, shall know them no more!

Mæcenas was the friend and privy counsellor of Augustus Cæsar; and, accordingly, became, in some measure, the dispenser of executive patronage. The name of Mæcenas has been employed, ever since, to signify a patron of letters and the arts. Dedications are said to have been coeval with the days of his power.

In almost every case, a dedication is neither more nor less, than an application for convoy, from the literary mariner, who is scarcely willing to venture, with his fragile bark, "_in mare Creticum_" or _criticum_, unaided and alone. He solicits permission to dedicate his work to some distinguished individual--in other words, to place his influential name, upon the very front of the volume, as an amulet--a sort of passover--to keep evil spirits and critics, at a distance. If the permission be granted, of which the public is sure to be informed, the presumption, that the patron has read and approved the work, amounts to a sanction, of course, to the extent of his credit and authority. In some cases, however, I have reason to believe, that the only part of the work, which the patron ever reads, is the dedication itself. That most amiable and excellent man, and high-minded bibliopolist, the late Mr. JAMES BROWN, informed me, that an author once requested permission, to dedicate his work, to a certain professor, in the State of New York, tendering the manuscript, for his perusal; and that the professor declined reading the work, as superfluous; but readily accepted the dedication, observing, that he usually received five dollars, on such occasions.

There was one, to whom it would afford me real pleasure to dedicate this volume, were he here, in the flesh; but he has gone to his account. GROSSMAN is numbered with the dead!

READER--if you can lay your hand upon your heart, and honestly say, that you have read these pages, or any considerable portion of them, with pleasure--that they have afforded you instruction, or amusement--I dedicate this volume--with your permission, of course--most respectfully, to you; having conceived the most exalted opinion of your taste and judgment.

L. M. SARGENT, ROCK HILL, DECEMBER, 1855.

GENERAL INDEX.

The figures refer to the numbers--not to the pages.

A.

ABNER, cautioned by his father, as to his behavior to aged people, 1.

ADAMS, John, anecdote of, 45: --lines written under his name, in a lady's album, 46.

AIRS, national, authorship of, 106.

ALMSGIVING, 56.

AMBASSADORS, from U. S. A. to G. B. 73.

ANCESTRY, pride of, 97.

ANTIQUARIES, sometimes malicious, 126.

APOTHECARIES, in Boston--some notice of, 112.

ARISTOCRACY, of Boston--examples of, 90: --among the dead, 1.

ARMS, reversed, at military funerals, of great antiquity, 30.

ARNOLD, Benedict, what made him a traitor, 87.

ARUNDINES CAMI, 92.

ASCLEPIADES, of Prusa, his medical practice, 114.

ASTROLOGERS, Judicial, formerly part of a nobleman's household, 157. --False prediction of, in 1186. Ibid. --Consulted by Louis XIV. and Madame de Maintenon, 159.

ASTROLOGY, Judicial, Q. Elizabeth addicted to.--Much practised, in the middle ages, 157, 159.

AVARICE, 31.

AVERY, steals three negroes:--attempts to sell them:--their rescue, 47.

AYMAR, James, a famous impostor, 113.

AUCTIONS, various modes of:--by inch of candle:--by sand glass:--of fish among the Dutch:--various modes of notifying, and bidding at, 139.

AUCTIONEER'S BELL, used at the Hague:--formerly in Boston, 139.

B.

BABYLONIANS, their mode of obtaining husbands, for homely women, 115.

BACHELORS punished by the Lacedemonians for their celibacy:--not trusted with affairs of state at Athens, 115.

BARBERS, 140, 141, 142, 143: --their antiquity, 140: --formerly peripatetics, 141: --their shops and poles, 141: --female, 141: --their citternes and "knack with the fingers," 142.

BAPTISM, vicarious, 109.

BATHS, ancient, 114.

BATTEL, wager of, 145.

BEARDS, habits of the ancients, respecting, 140: --modern, 142: --dyeing them an ancient practice, 142.

BELKNAP, Jeremy, Rev. 47: --his desire for a sudden death, 75: --regard for historical truth, 75: --error, as to Gosnold, 75.

BELLS, and bell ringing:--weight of several:--a terror to "evill spirytes," 37.

BENEVOLENCE, remarkable example of, 55.

BENTHAM, Jeremy, dissected by his own request, 8.

"BLEED AND PURGE all Kensington," 111.

BODIES, posthumous preservation of, 20.

BODKIN, the famous root and herb doctor, 109.

BOILING TO DEATH, a mode of punishment, 151.

BOODLE, William, his self-conceit, 49.

BOORN, Stephen and Jesse, remarkable case of erroneous conviction, on circumstantial evidence, 79 to 85, both inclusive.

BORRI, Joseph Francis, a famous impostor, 113.

BRADFORD, Sheriff, anecdote of, 5.

BROCKLEBANK, Parson, anecdote of, 49.

BURIAL, joint stock companies, 58: --their profits enormous, 58: --of weapons, by the slaves, at Charleston, 34.

"BRING OUT YOUR DEAD," 27.

BUCHANAN, James, his errors, in relation to Major André, corrected, 19.

BURKE AND BISHOP, executed, for murder, with intent to sell the bodies, 7.

BURYING THE DEAD, manner of, commended, 21: --in cities and under churches, objections to, 10, 11, 60, 61: --manner of, and practices, connected therewith, in different ages and nations, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 21, 30, 38, 96, 101: --premature, 15, 91, 95: --means for preventing, 91, 95.

BULL JOHN, and brother Jonathan, 104: --John, the musician, author of "God save the King," 106.

BYLES, Mather, anecdotes of, 93, 94.

C.

CADES, sexton, how he lost his office, 44.

CALIFORNIA fever, 31.

CAMPBELL, hung for killing Boyd in a duel, 145.

CAMPBELL, Captain, steals an heiress, 115.

CANDLES, burnt in the day, at a church, in Nantucket, 24: --of wax, at Popish funerals, in old times, 2. --by inch of, ancient mode of selling at auction, 139.

CANER, Rev. Dr., some notice of, 78.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 89.

CAPITAL OFFENCES, in Massachusetts, in 1618, 62.

CARTER, sexton, insulted by a chirurgeon, 43.

CATACOMBS, 10: --of Paris, 12, 13.

CATAFALQUE, its import, 103.

CHADWICK, Edwin, his report on interments, to the British Parliament, 58.

CHAPEL, King's, some account of, 78.

CHARLES I. funeral of, 39: --his body discovered, in 1813, 40: --V. legend of his mock funeral, denied, 99.

CHILDREN, female, destruction of, in China, and elsewhere, 29.

CHINESE, habits of the, 101.

CHUANG-TSZE, story of, 119, 120.

CLARENDON, in error, as to the burial place of King Charles I. 40.

CLARKE, Barnabas, anecdote of, 90.

CLARK, Alvan, his versatility of talent, 46.

CLAY, Henry, his frequent leavetakings, 99.

COBBETT, William, his letter to Lord Liverpool, on the American triumphs, 104.

CONGRESS, American, Lord Chatham's opinion of, 104.

COURAGE, personal, externals no sure criterion of--two remarkable examples, 149.

CONSCIENCE PARTIES, 29.

CORDAY, CHARLOTTE de, an interesting question, connected with her decapitation, 153.

CREMATION, cost of--least expensive mode, excepting the urns, 74: --of Henry Laurens, 95: --of Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley:--their diet in prison, 74.

CRIMINALS, how to dispose of, 89: --bodies of, delivered for dissection, 7: --number waiting to be hung, 51.

CROMWELL, Oliver, various estimates of his character:--views and handles the dead body of Charles I.:--his funeral:--his body dug up, and hung, at Tyburn, 39.

CRUCIFIXION, 151.

D.

DADDY OSGOOD, sold at auction, 139.

DANFORTH, Dr. Samuel, notice of, 111.

DEACONS, their dispute about a tomb, 11.

DEAD SEA, some account of, 35, 36.

DEATH, certain evidence of, 91: --condition of the soul, after, 96: --imitation of, 137: --by shipwreck, 102.

DENTISTS, in Boston, some notice of, 112.

DESECRATION, of the dead, 14, 21, 23.

DICKSON, provost of Dundee, his epitaph, 9.

DIEDRICK VAN PRONK'S widow, anecdote of, 7.

DIGBY, Everard, account of his having spoken, after the removal of his heart, 153.

DINAH FURBUSH, her corpse insulted, 77.

DIOGENES, anecdote of, 4.

DISTILLERS, in Boston, number of, 112.

DIVINATION, some account of, 157, 158.

DIVINING ROD, of James Aymar, 113.

"DON'T GO too near that hedge," 91.

DREAMS, of Martin Smith and King's Chapel, by the Old Sexton, 76, 77, 78.

DRUNKENNESS, at ordinations, 37.

DRYDEN, John, disturbance at his funeral, 118.

DUELS, between Benjamin Woodbridge and Henry Phillips, on Boston Common, 133 to 136, both inclusive: --various, 144 to 149, both inclusive: --punishment of, 145: --number killed in, 145: --Decatur and Barron, 146: --Lord Bruce and Sir Edward Sackville, 147: --Lords Mohun and Hamilton, 147: --Sheridan and Matthews, 147: --M'keon and Reynolds, 147: --Campbell and Boyd, 147: --Colclough and Alcock, 147: --David and Goliath, 147: --Titus Manlius and the Gaul, 148: --Hector and Ajax, 148: --Turnus and Æneas, 148: --Rauber and a Spanish gentleman, 148: --Cameron, and McLean, 148: --Lord Mark Kerr and a French Colonel, 149: --Joseph Bainbridge and the Secretary of Sir Alexander Ball, 149: --Rand and Millar, 153.

DUGDALE, Sir William, the antiquary, 155.

DYONISIUS, to save his throat, taught his daughters to shave, 140.

E.

EFFIGIES of the dead, made of cinnamon, and carried in the procession, 30.

EGYPTIANS, trials of their kings, after death, 5: --every Egyptian a doctor, 107.

ELI, the sexton, his hallucinations, 55.

ELIOT, Rev. Andrew, gloves and rings, given him at funerals, and the sale of, 28.

EMBALMING, process of, 4.

EMPIRICS, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114.

EPITAPHS, 5, 9.

ESTIMATE OF AMERICANS by the English people, in 1775 and 1812, 104.

EVIDENCE, circumstantial, remarkable examples of, 79 to 85, both inclusive: --Webster's case, 86.

EXECUTION, in Ballyconnel, 54.

F.

FAKEER, East India, account of his apparent death, and resurrection, 137, 138.

FAMINE, Keayne's granary in case of, 112.

FANEUIL HALL, origin of:--burnt:--rebuilt and enlarged, 130, 131.

FANEUIL PETER, and his relatives, some account of, 122 to 132, both inclusive: --aids Henry Phillips, to escape, after his fatal duel, with Woodbridge, 134.

FOOD for ghosts, 25.

FORTUNE-HUNTERS, remarkable disappointment of one, 115, 116.

FRANKLIN, Benjamin, his account of the resurrection of flies, drowned in wine, 138: --his letter to Thomas Percival, on duelling, 144: --Sir John, probably lost, 154.

FREEMAN, Dr., manner of his ordination, 78.

FRIENDSHIPS, rarely lifelong:--examples of, 59: --Cicero's first law of, 59.

FRIZZELL'S BELL, 37.

FUNERALS, invitations to, 8: --baked meats at:--games, and festivals at, 25.

G.

GIFTS, New Year's, 117.

GLOVES and rings, at funerals, 28.

GOSNOLD, Bartholomew, his abode, at Cuttyhunk, 75.

GOVERNOR of Mass., anecdote of a, 52.

GRANNY, anecdote of skinning, 58.

GROSSMAN threatened to be shot, 13.

GUILLOTIN, Dr. 151: --the instrument that bears his name, 151, 152.

H.

HAIR, management of the, 143.

HALLEY, Thomas, great pomp, and much guzzling, at his funeral, 25.

HALIFAX GIBBET and the guillotine identical, 151.

HANDEL, rivalry, between him, and Senesino, and Buononeini, 105: --Swift's epigram, on their squabbles, 105.

HANGING, sensations produced by, 95: --vicarious, 150: --persons differently moved, in prospect of, 150.

HANWAY, Sir Jonas, his account of the practice of giving vales, 28.

HAPPINESS, 48.

HASTÆ, why auctions were so called, at Rome, 139.

HAWES, Dr. William, his work on premature interment, 95.

HEIRESS, stealing an, made felony:--remarkable examples of, 115.

HENRY VIII. bone stolen from his corpse, 39: --some account of his funeral, 103.

HERSE, ancient import of the word, 103.

HOOK, Theodore, anecdote of, 24.

"HOW could the poor Abbé sustain himself against you all four?" 113.

HOWLERS, at funerals, ancient and modern, 32, 38.

HUGUENOTS, in Boston:--their early settlement, in Oxford, Mass. 122: --their church in Boston, 122, 123.

I.

IDLENESS, effects of, 22.

INFANTICIDE, 29.

INNHOLDERS, in Boston, number of, 112.

INTOLERANCE, in Massachusetts, 62.

J.

JAMES II., his gallantry, when Duke of York, in a sea-fight, 66.

JEWS usurious, 15,000 banished, 52.

JE vous sauter le tête, 151.

L.

LACERATION, of the cheeks and hair, at funerals, in Greece, Rome, and elsewhere, 30, 32, 38.

LARGESSES at funerals, 25.

LAURENS, Henry, his body burnt, after death, by his request, 95.

LAWYERS, in Boston, their number at different periods, 112.

LE MERCIER, André, minister of the Huguenots, in Boston, 132.

LEVI, M. de, his pride of ancestry, 97.

LIBERTY TREE, 41, 42. Philip Billes devises his estate, on condition of being buried under that tree, 42.

LICINIUS, P., games, &c., at his funeral, 25.

LILLY, Sir William, the astrologer, notice of, 157.

LIND, Jenny, some account of, 105.

LLOYD, Dr. James, his appearance, 111.

LOCALITIES, certain interesting, 7.

LONGEVITY, some examples of, 45.

LOT'S WIFE, pillar of salt, &c., 35, 36: --seen by Irenæuis and others, after she was salted, 36.

LOUIS XVI., brutal behaviour of the French people, at his execution, 152.

LOVAT, Lord, his repartee, on his way to be hung, 150.

LUDII, HISTRIONES, SCURRÆ, 30.

LUXURY, ever injurious, and often fatal, to Republics, 87, 88.

LYMAN, Theodore, notice of him, and his public and private charities, 56.

M.

MARCUS FLAVIUS, anecdote of, 25.

MARRIAGES, taxed:--first celebration of, in churches:--forbidden during Lent, 115.

MARINER bound for Africa, reaches Norway, 48.

MARSHALL, Tommy, anecdote of, 90.

MARTYRS, cremation of:--cost of burning Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley, 24.

MASHEE, Tooley, plays corpse, 137.

MCPHEE, widow Nelly, anecdote of, 7.

MEDICINE, origin of the practice of, 107: --practice of, among the Babylonians, Greeks, Egyptians, Israelites, and Hindoos, 108.

MEDIUMS, some notice of, 157.

MEXICAN BEGGARS, how employed by Montezuma, 142.

MILTON, John, his marriages, 98: --writes in favor of polygamy, 98: --desecration of his remains, 118.

MINGLING the ashes of dear friends, in the same urn, practice of, 21.

MINISTERS of the Gospel, in Boston, in 1740, 132.

MIRTHFULNESS, its advantages, 92.

MONEY, George Herbert's address to, 31.

MONTGOMERY, Gen. Richard, his exhumation, and reinterment, 18.

MONUMENTS, Dryden's, Ben Jonson's, and Cowley's, mutilation of, 118.

MOONCURSERS, laws for their punishment:--anecdote of, 102.

MOORHEAD, Rev. John, some notice of, 99.

MOSES, an apothecary, 107.

MOURNERS, their peculiar consolations, 32: --for the year 1848, 33.

MOURNING, time allowed for:--color of the vesture, in different countries, 32. Irish, consists in the number of coaches and the quantity of whiskey, 74.

MULE, a bad one, 30.

N.

NAPOLEON'S last words, 31.

NEW YEAR'S DAY, when, 117, 123.

NEW NORTH CHURCH, uproar there, 37.

NORTH CHURCH, peal of bells there, 37.

NUISANCE, affecting the air, not necessary to prove it noxious, 60.

O.

OBSEQUIES, provisions for, by persons, while living, 7.

OTIS, James, anecdote of, 90.

P.

PARKMAN, Dr. George, his murder:--his peculiarities, 72.

PENN, William, reply to Macaulay's abuse of:--memoir of, 62 to 71, both inclusive: --death bed of his son, 71.

PERCIVAL, Thomas, his work, on duelling, 144.

PERE LA CHAISE, 11.

PESTILENCE, numbers destroyed by, 27.

PHILADELPHIANS, saved from being Welchmen, 68.

PHYSICIANS, various schools of, named by Pliny, 110, 114: --number of the old Boston doctors, and their residences, 112.

PIPERS, at funerals, 8.

PIRATES, hung on Boston Common, 50.

PITCAIRN, Major, the honor of killing him, claimed by many:--the remains, under Westminster Abbey, said to have been erroneously selected, from under the North Church, 17.

PLAGUE, some account of the, 27.

PLINY, in favor of herb doctoring, 114.

PLANTER, funeral of an old, in St. Croix, 30.

POLHAMUS, the good Samaritan, 83.

POMPADOUR, Madame de, her remains transferred to the Catacombs, 13.

PONTRACI, the prince of undertakers, 12.

PORTLAND VASE, history of the, 20.

PRIDE AND POVERTY, excess of, dangerous, 87.

PUNISHMENT, various kinds of, 151.

PUNSTERS habitual, nuisances, 94.

PWAN YAKOO, and other Chinese, their visit to Boston:--description of her golden lilies, 102.

Q.

QUACKS of great use to sextons, 27.

QUAKERS, persecution of, in Massachusetts, 62, 63.

R.

RAND, Dr. Isaac, brief notice of, 111.

RAZORS, their antiquity:--mentioned by Homer, Samuel, Ezekiel:--how sharpened:--of brass, 140: --the best formerly from Palermo, 142.

RECHERCHES, Historiques et Physiologiques sur la Guilotine, 152.

RELICS, traffic and jugglery in, by the priests, 17.

REPUBLICS, extravagance fatal to, 87, 88.

REVENGE Church of Christ, 37.

REVIVAL, amusing example of, on the way to the grave, 91: --of a child of Henry Laurens, which caused him to order his own corpse to be burnt, 95.

ROCHEFOUCAULT, maxim erroneously ascribed to, 59.

ROMAN CATHOLICS, persecution of, in Massachusetts, 29.

ROSS, Sir John, his residence, in the Arctic regions:--discovery of him and his company, 154.

ROTHSCHILD, Nathan Meyer, his funeral solemnities, 3.

RUM, mainspring of the slave trade in Massachusetts, 47.

RUSH, Dr. Benjamin, alluded to:--anecdote of, 111.

S.

"SACRED TO THE MEMORY"! 77.

SANTA CRUZ, gross extortion there, from surviving friends, 16.

SANSONS, the hereditary executioners of Paris, 151, 152.

SAYINGS, of eminent men, in articulo, or just before death, 100.

SCOTCH WEAVER'S VANITY, 39.

SELWYN, George, seldom absent from an execution, 50.

SENECA, quotation from, 48.

SEXTONS, their office, its origin, and duties, of old:--their extortion, occasionally, in the hour of affliction, 16 --their business much benefited by steam, 2.

SCIENCE, some curious mistakes of, 154.

SHAYS, his insurrection, 29.

SHAVING, suggestions concerning, 140.

SHELLEY, the poet, cremation of, 20.

SHIPWRECKS, their number, 102.

SLAVERY, 34: --in Boston, 43, 47: --early attempts to abolish, in Massachusetts, 44: --how and when abolished there, 47: --Slave trade, in Boston, 47.

SLAVES, example of their ingenuity, 34.

SMITH, Martin, sexton of King's Chapel, his apparition to the sexton of the old school, 76, 77, 78.

SOLDIERS, their sufferings, as statesmen, 100.

SONS OF LIBERTY, some account of the, 41.

SOUTHERN STATES, liberality to Boston, in 1774, 44.

SPARTANS, their mode of selecting wives, 115.

SPIDER and chambermaid, 29.

SPIRITUAL KNOCKINGS, sometimes resulting in madness, and self-murder, 157, 158: --remedy for, 158.

STAMP ACT, resolutions in Faneuil Hall, 58.

STEAM, of great benefit to sextons, 27.

STERNHOLD AND HOPKINS, their version of the Psalms gave place to that of Tate and Brady:--motive of Sternhold little suspected, 100.

STONECUTTER, anecdote of a, 6.

STYLE, old and new, some account of, 117.

SUCCESSION, Apostolic, 78.

SUMNER, Governor, funeral of, 39.

SUMPTUARY LAWS, some account of, 88.

SURGEONS, the earliest:--limited nature of their functions, 107: --among the Israelites, 108.

SUTTEES, description of, 74.

SWANS, their musical power fabulous, 105.

SWEATING SICKNESS, some account of, 27.

SWEDENBORG, his notions of Heaven:--of the soul, 96.

T.

TALLOW CHANDLER, retired from business, anecdote of, 22.

TASMAN'S BOWL, used for conjuration, in Tongataboo, 38.

TEA, thrown overboard, 44.

TEARS, power of shedding at will, 32.

TEMPERANCE "has done for funerals," 2.

TETOTUM DOCTOR, 111.

THATCHER, Rev. Peter, installation of, 37.

THREE CHEERS for the elephant, 39.

TOMBS, reasons for preferring graves:--outrage upon five, in Salem, Massachusetts, 13, 14.

"TOO HEARTILY of nutmegs," 103.

TORIES, their faith in the royal cause, 125.

TREASURES, buried with the dead, 21.

TURENNE, singular fate of his remains, 23.

U.

URNS, funeral, forms, and materials of, 20: --occasionally large enough to contain the mingled ashes of whole families, 21.

USURY, some remarks on, 48, 52.

V.

VALES, practice of giving, 27.

VANITY, illustration of, 49.

VIANDS, deposited near the dead, 25.

VISCERATION among the ancients, 25.

VOLTAIRE, his description of a Frenchman, 152.

W.

WADE, Sir Claude M. his account of the East India Fakeer, who was restored, after a suspension of consciousness, for six weeks, 137, 138.

WAGER OF BATTEL, the law of England, so late, as 1819, 145.

WAKES, their origin:--some account of, 91.

WARREN, Gen. Joseph, manner of discovering his remains:--the bullet, by which he was killed, in possession of the Montague family, 17.

WASHINGTON, George, illustration of the reverence for his memory, in New England:--opinion of, by Lords Erskine and Brougham:--national neglect of his monument:--sale of some of his effects, 26.

WATERHOUSE, Dr. Benjamin, anecdote of, 111.

"WEEL THEN sing as mony as there be," 99.

WEBSTER, Dr. John White, his trial for the murder of Dr. Parkman, 72: --his case stated, at the close of, 89.

WEEVER'S funeral monuments, 24.

"WHAT that boy says is true," 113.

WIDOWS, Numa severe upon:--marrying within ten months accounted infamous, 32: --unjustly censured, 98: --"with the great fan," 119.

WIGS, scratches, bobs, and full bottomed:--their antiquity, 142, 143: --periwigs in N. England, 142: --Roman, 143.

WILLS, ANCIENT, 155, 156, 160: --superstitious dread of making, 155: --Andrew Faneuil's, 127.

WITCHES, their right to travel through the air, decided by Lord Mansfield, 29.

WOODBRIDGE, Benjamin, killed in a duel on Boston Common, 133 to 137: both inclusive.

WRAXALL'S MEMOIRS, inaccurate, 149.

Z.

ZISCA, John, anecdote of, 7.

INDEX TO PROPER NAMES.

The figures refer to the pages--not to the numbers.

A.

Abbeville, 635.

Abbott, 112, 204.

Abel, 429.

Aberdeen, 364.

Abner, 9, 13, 108, 172, 173, 197, 289.

Absalom, 591.

Achilles, 12, 17, 67, 107.

Adam, 70, 429, 605.

Adams, 596.

Adams, John, 142, 156, 157, 160, 275, 276, 394.

Adams, John Q., 156, 394.

Adams, Samuel, 142.

Addison, 35, 38, 454, 606.

Admetus, 12.

Adrian, 584.

Æneas, 382.

Æsculapius, 433, 436, 445, 667.

Affslager, 587.

Africa, 33, 168, 435, 622, 662.

Africans, 632.

Africanus, 583.

Agamemnon, 17, 430.

Agathias, 16.

Agrigentum, 373.

Agmondesham, 676.

Agrippa, 261.

Agrippa, Cornelius, 445.

Ahaziah, 431.

Alaricus, 65.

Albany, 38, 415.

Alcock, 614.

Aldgate, 652.

Aldgrave, 634.

Aleet Mong, 398.

Alexander, 373.

Allen, 353, 495, 502, 503, 601, 610.

Allwick, 69.

Almotanah, 123.

Almshouse, 24.

Alvanley, 606.

America, 265, 416.

Ames, 91, 630, 631.

Ammianus, 64.

Amphytrion, 217, 581.

Amoon, 398.

Amory, 94.

Amsterdam, 456, 622.

Anderson, 309.

Andover, 561.

André, 57 to 62, passim.

Andrews, 24, 159.

Andros, 298.

Anecy, 56.

Angouleme, 124.

Anio, 617.

Annan, 286.

Anne Boleyn, 477.

Annelly, 423.

Anne of Cleves, 78, 81, 410.

Anne, Queen, 186, 248, 262, 365, 406.

Antijacobin, 612.

Antoninus, 67.

Antony, 579.

Antwerp, 618.

Appleton, 450, 506, 538, 630.

Apthorp, 297.

Arabian Nights, 269.

Arabs, 119, 123.

Aratus, 12.

Archelaus, 102, 591.

Archimimus, 98.

Arcueil, 39, 42.

Argiletum, 587.

Aristotle, 186, 217, 218.

Arkwright, 420.

Arnaud, 419.

Arnold, 62, 228, 338, 339, 340.

Arundel, 157.

Asa, 430, 434.

Aselepiades, 358, 373, 443, 460, 461.

Ashford, 604.

Ashmole Museum, 613.

Asiatic Researches, 435.

Athenæ Oxonienses, 133, 135, 136, 232, 248, 250, 425, 640, 642.

Athens, 11, 88, 343, 373, 420, 442.

Atherton, 30, 167.

Atossa, 465.

Atticus, 51, 474.

Attleborough, 31.

Auchterpool, 603.

Augustines, 652, 654, 677.

Augustus, 99, 583.

Auld Reekie, 334.

Aulus Gellius, 218.

Austin, 449.

Austria, 321.

Austrians, 539.

Auxerre, 220.

Avery, 166, 167.

Aviola, 49, 373.

Avis, 92.

Aymar, 438, 454, 455.

Azotus, 33.

B.

Bacon, Roger, 360, 361, 362.

Bacon, Lord, 185, 188, 375, 376, 445, 641, 642.

Babylon, 406, 422, 432, 433.

Babylonians, 664.

Baiæ, 320.

Bahar Loth, 123.

Bailey, 246.

Bainbridge, 610, 624.

Balch, 269, 353.

Baldwin, 57, 181, 303, 311.

Ball, 624.

Ballyconnel, 194.

Ballymahon, 195.

Ballyshannon, 355.

Balmarino, 629.

Bancroft, 277.

Banians, 377.

Banks, 298, 424.

Barataria, 123, 265.

Barbaroux, 426.

Barbary, 88.

Barbut, 29.

Barcephas, 120.

Barclay, 252.

Barker, 642.

Barlow, 288, 361.

Barnes, 451.

Barnard, 24.

Barra Durree, 570.

Barré, 140, 145, 416.

Barrington, 606.

Barron, 608, 609.

Barrow, 398, 400, 402, 403.

Barrow's Strait, 645.

Barton, 561, 562, 563.

Bartholomew, 633.

Bartholomew's Eve, 93.

Bassorah, 88.

Bastile, 84.

Bate, 601.

Battenkill, 303.

Baulny, 639.

Baulston, 228.

Baxter, 252.

Bayard, 393.

Bayeaux, 519.

Bayle, 56, 358, 380, 388, 391, 455, 672, 673.

Bayley, 597.

Baynton, 516, 519.

Bay State, 163.

Beattie, 360.

Beauchamp, 529, 651, 655.

Beaufort, 607, 674, 675.

Beccaria, 207.

Beckford, 145.

Bedouin, 119.

Beecher, 372.

Belcher, 298.

Belfast, 389.

Belknap, 163 to 167, and 283 to 286, passim: 368.

Bellamont, 605.

Bellingham, 228, 229, 230.

Belochus, 465.

Belzoni, 33.

Bengal, 281.

Benin, 33.

Bennington, 415.

Bentham, 27, 52, 176, 605.

Benton, 159.

Bergen-op-Zoom, 549, 613.

Berlin, 89.

Bernon, 496, 508.

Berthier, 109.

Bertrand, 639.

Bethune, 495, 506, 508, 514, 567.

Beuoron, 607.

Bias, 217, 218.

Bichat, 357.

Bildad, 217.

Billes, 147.

Biographia Brittanica, 363.

Bishop, 27, 227.

Blackburn, 508, 523.

Black Prince, 649.

Blackstone, 301.

Blackwood's Mag., 243.

Blaisdell, 182, 183.

Blanche, 608.

Blin, 562.

Blitheman, 426.

Blitz, 665.

Blundell, 606.

Boccacio, 218, 422.

Bodkin, 189, 190, 192, 440, 441.

Bogle, 195.

Boies, 159.

Bolton Abbey, 678.

Bondet, 497.

Bonet, 49.

Bonner, 506, 550, 562.

Bonrepaux, 239, 240, 242.

Boodle, 171, 172, 173.

Boorn, 301 to 331, passim.

Borri, 456.

Borromeo, 220.

Bose, 643, 644.

Bosius, 437.

Bosphorus, 22.

Bosson, 597.

Bossuet, 671.

Boston, 66, 125, 151, 153, 165, 167, 179, 184, 191, 194, 210, 221, 223, 270, 351, 452, 497, 514, 536.

Boston Athen'm, 269, 324.

Boston Common, 549.

Boswell, 601, 602, 603, 606.

Bottom, 592, 624.

Boudinot, 496.

Bourbon, 393, 675.

Bourbon, Jeanne of, 74.

Bourdeaux, 210.

Boutineau, 496, 498, 510, 512, 514, 531, 566.

Bouttville, 607.

Bowdoin, 284, 496, 498, 508, 538.

Bowen, 557.

Bowers, 82.

Boyd, 606, 614.

Boyle, 243, 535, 597.

Brachmans, 377.

Brackett, 592.

Braddock, 394.

Bradford, 19, 301, 632.

Brady, 31, 55, 597.

Brague, 220.

Brand, 402, 589.

Brandreth, 86.

Brandywine, 415.

Branodunum, 65.

Bray, 81, 677.

Braybrooke, 577.

Breck, 270, 271.

Breckenridge, 605.

Breed, 597.

Briareus, 56, 91.

Briar's Creek, 415.

Briggs, 175.

Brighton, 508, 525, 527.

Bristol, 508.

British Critic, 622.

Britons, 585.

Brocklebank, 174.

Brockwell, 297.

Bromeholme, 656.

Bromfield, 269, 564.

Brooks, 352, 353, 553, 554, 609.

Brougham, 84, 347.

Brouillan, 529.

Brown, 580.

Browne, 42, 65, 67, 118, 122, 131, 180, 215, 227, 282, 419, 431, 478, 640, 660, 664, 677.

Bruce, 549, 551, 662.

Bruli, 651.

Buchanan, 58, 59, 61, 436.

Buckingham, 479.

Buckley, 532.

Buddikin, 108.

Buffon, 420.

Buissiere, 455.

Bulfinch, 450.

Bull, 414, 415, 426, 427.

Bullivant, 298.

Bulwer, 592.

Bungs, 463.

Bunker's Hill, 54, 55, 415.

Buononcini, 422.

Burdett, 606.

Bureau, 507, 530.

Burgoyne, 353, 617.

Burgundy, 614.

Burke, 27, 268, 613.

Burleigh, 76, 661.

Burnett, 33, 76, 233, 262, 551.

Burney, 427.

Burr, 332, 605.

Burritt, 177.

Burton, 26, 66.

Busching, 119.

Bute, 140, 146.

Butler, 56, 208, 361, 454, 622.

Byles, 143, also 363 to 372, passim: also 546.

C.

Cades, 152.

Cæsar, Augustus, 29, 36, 99, 595, 679.

Cæsar, Julius, 29, 474, 579, 585.

Cæsars, the twelve, 67.

Cæsar, the slave, 31.

Caffraria, 103.

Cain, 377, 429, 556, 615.

Cairo, 241.

Caius, 88, 585.

Calabria, 87.

Calais, 657.

Calhoun, 114.

Calcraft, 346.

California, 101.

Calinglond, 677.

Callender, 163.

Calmet, 119, 120, 187, 436, 582, 615.

Callowhill, 267.

Calvin, 548, 549.

Calypso, 420.

Cambridge, 630.

Camden, 145, 146, 383, 415.

Camerarius, 373.

Cameron, 621.

Camillus Papers, 277.

Campbell, 614.

Caner, 289 to 300, passim.

Canning, 606.

Canso, 567.

Canterbury, 520, 656, 669.

Cape Anne, 16.

Capet, 73, 81, 637.

Capulets, 351.

Cardigan, 606.

Caribs, 130.

Carisbroke Castle, 606, 673.

Carmelites, 652, 654.

Carne, 117, 119.

Carroll, 181.

Carter, 148.

Carthago, 152.

Carthusians, 651.

Cartwright, 240.

Cass, 85, 110.

Cassieres, 59.

Castalio, 549.

Castellan, 358.

Castelnau, 384.

Castlereagh, 606.

Catanea, 33.

Catholics, 535.

Catlin, 23.

Cato, 71, 431, 442, 443, 444.

Catti, 585.

Caulfield, 382.

Cavan, 193.

Cecil, 661.

Cecrops, 64.

Celsus, 429, 462.

Cemetery des Innocens, 39, 43, 65.

Cephrenes, 384.

Chace, 310 to 330, passim.

Chadsey, 80.

Chadwick, 212, 278, 320, 321, 322, 333, 569.

Chaise, Père la, 672.

Chaldeans, 661.

Chalmers, 49, 238, 248, 249, 268, 363, 427, 480, 516, 612.

Chamberlain, 77, 80.

Chamouni, 400.

Chantilly, 419, 420.

Chapel Yard, 225.

Chapotin, 568.

Chappelle, 612.

Chardon, 533, 534, 538, 541.

Charles, Archduke, 620.

Charles I., 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 157, 177, 248, 436, 477, 673.

Charles II., 99, 136, 159, 170, 177, 248, 249, 259, 309, 426, 479, 592, 606, 672, 673.

Charles V., 25, 74, 390, 392, 619.

Charles IX., 475.

Charles XII., 217.

Charleston, 112, 405.

Charlestown, 608.

Charlemagne, 37, 73.

Charlotte, Queen, 145.

Charlton, 125.

Charon, 68.

Charpentiere, 648.

Chartreuse, 162.

Chateaubriand, 117, 118, 119, 122.

Chatham, 146, 417.

Chaumette, 637.

Chauncey, 148, 546.

Chazlett, 244.

Checkley, 546.

Cheever, 450.

Chelesfield, 653.

Chenoo, 129.

Cheops, 384.

Chesapeake, 608, 609.

Chester, 239, 240, 650.

Chesterfield, 108.

Chevy Chace, 425.

Cheverus, 210, 410.

Cheyne, 649.

Chicago, 357.

Chigwell, 248.

Childe, 426.

Chilperic, 66, 67.

China, 93, 94, 106, 397, 401, 481, 586.

Chinese, 67, 632.

Chiron, 429.

Chitty, 192.

Christ Church, 143.

Christian Observer, 281.

Christianstadt, 97.

Christina, 456.

Christmas, 124, 671.

Christopherson, 228.

Chronicles, 122, 430.

Chrysippus, 442, 443.

Chrysostom, 437.

Chuang-tsze, 482 to 494, passim.

Cicero, 51, 64, 79, 97, 176, 214, 217, 218, 279, 282, 377, 381, 419, 443, 578, 579, 583.

Cimon, 11.

Circe, 445.

Claflin, 124.

Clarendon, 135, 136, 137, 649.

Clarissa, 320.

Clare, 606, 652.

Clarke, 121, 122, 129, 132, 159, 378.

Clarkson, 237 to 269, pas.

Claudius, 67, 99.

Claudius Pulcher, 432.

Clemens Alexandrinus, 429.

Clement, 121, 650.

Cleomenes, 590, 600.

Clerimont, 591.

Clifford, 271, 651, 657.

Clinton, 60, 62.

Clytemnestra, 11.

Cobbett, 417, 447.

Cobham, 20, 654.

Coke, 181.

Colclough, 614.

Colebrooke, 22.

Colman, 214, 638.

Columbus, 362.

Colvin, 301 to 331, passim.

Commodus, 67.

Concord, 415.

Condé, 455.

Condy, 516.

Coneyball, 299.

Confucius, 383.

Congo, 129.

Conrad, 556, 564.

Constantinople, 22, 55, 87, 88.

Constantius, 55.

Conway, 145, 458, 538.

Cook, 129, 561.

Cooley, 316.

Coolidge, 180.

Cooper, 181, 546.

Copeland, 227.

Copley, 371, 508.

Corday, 639, 640, 641.

Cornish, 237, 332.

Cornwall, 650, 676.

"Corpse Hill," 92.

Corry, 232.

Cortez, 593.

Cossart, 507.

Cotton, 229, 230.

Courland, 227.

Courrier Extraordinaire, 639.

Courtnay, 656.

Coventry, 180.

Cow Lane, 596.

Cowley, 478.

Cowper, 222, 596.

Cox, 252.

Cranmer, 279.

Crawford, 436.

Creech, 244.

Crequi, 606.

Crespigney, 606.

Creusa, 382.

Crinas, 443.

Cripplegate, 477.

Crocker, 405.

Crockett, 209.

Croese, 239, 240, 242, 262.

Crofts, 616.

Cromartic, 629.

Cromwell, 134, 135, 170, 177.

Cromwell's Head, 597.

Crosby, 598.

Croyland Abbey, 124.

Cruikshanks, 401.

Cullender, 33, 664.

Cunningham, 538.

Curran, 605.

Curwen, 513, 595.

Cushing, 537.

Cutbeard, 591.

Cuthbert, 37, 606.

Cutler, 508, 546, 551, 553, 554, 563.

Cutter, 509.

Cyclops, 430.

Cyrus, 332.

D.

Daddy Osgood, 578.

Dagobert, 74.

Daillé, 497, 498, 507, 546.

Damberger, 622.

Dammory, 652.

Dana, 142, 190, 191, 276, 337.

Danes, 614.

Danforth, 448.

Darden, 184.

Davenport, 299, 509, 510, 512, 531, 535, 546, 547, 566.

David, 16, 221, 617, 618, 619, 620.

Davis, 397, 399, 400, 402, 586.

Dead Sea, 116, 118, 119, 121, 123.

D'Acres, 652.

D'Arblay, 105.

De Blois, 24, 662.

De Burgh, 652.

Decatur, 609, 610, 611, 624.

Dedication, 679.

Defoe, 87.

De Grandison, 653.

De Henricourt, 607.

Dehon, 597.

De Hoveden, 669.

De la Croix, 507.

Delancey, 509.

Delaware, 252.

Delia, 100.

Demades, 52.

Demarat, 58, 59.

De Medicis, 661.

Demetrius, 97.

Deming, 302, 312, 322.

Democritus, 360.

Demosthenes, 97.

Dentrecolles, 481.

Denmark, 52, 53, 88, 640.

De Pauw, 400, 402.

Deptford, 267.

De Ris, 607.

Desdemona, 82.

Deshon, 538.

Despencer, 655.

De Thou, 622.

Dettingen, 623.

De Uzerches, 607.

De Valence, 655.

De Vassor, 612.

De Verdon, 652.

Devergie, 357.

Devereux, 677.

Devon, 677.

De Warre, 654.

De Worde, 125.

Dexter, 25, 450.

Didian Law, 342.

Dido, 382.

Dickens, 568.

Dickson, 31.

Diemerbroeck, 49.

Diemschid, 475.

Digby, 640, 641, 642.

Diodorus, 18, 342.

Diogenes, 16, 17, 18, 217.

Diogenes Laertius, 373.

Dionysius, 12, 98, 583.

Dirk Hatteraick, 238.

Dodsley's Annual Register, 578.

Domitian, 67, 106, 120.

Don Quixote, 591.

Doolittle, 330.

Dorchester Neck, 575.

Dorchester Point, 643.

Doring, 564.

Dorsett, 66, 613, 622, 677.

Douglas, 425, 536.

Dover, 319.

Doyle, 634.

Dowse, 541.

Draco, 206, 207, 209, 226.

Draper, 91.

Drury, 361.

Druses, 400, 401.

Dryden, 478, 480, 481, 576.

Du Barri, 671.

Dublin, 89, 249.

Dubois, 635.

Ducange, 648.

Dudley, 181, 298, 497.

Duff, 129, 435.

Dugdale, 647, 648, 674.

Du Halde, 402.

Dulany, 601.

Dummer, 550, 551, 552, 556.

Dumont, 605.

Dundee, 31.

Dunciad, 480.

Dunmow, 124.

Duny, 331, 640, 664.

Duport, 636.

Durandus, 124.

Dutch, 578.

Dyer, 232.

E.

Earle, 94.

Easter Eve, 675.

Eastman, 182, 183.

Easton, 158.

Eatooa, 378.

Ecclesiastes, 111, 267.

Ecclesiasticus, 431.

Echeloot Indians, 378.

Eckley, 597.

Eden, 70.

Edes, 596.

Edessa, 57.

Edgeworth, 103.

Edinburgh, 89, 241.

Edinburgh Review, 178, 209, 346.

Edmund I., 124.

Edmund Plantagenet, 650.

Edom, 116.

Edward, I., 26, 187, 589, 652.

Edward III., 342, 406, 649.

Edward IV., 342, 589, 676.

Edward, the Confessor, 595.

Egypt, 33, 88, 106, 129, 400, 436.

Egyptians, 19, 102, 110, 111, 129, 131, 206, 377, 378, 400, 517, 632, 661.

Ekron, 431.

Elah, 617.

Eldon, 192, 193, 230.

El Dorado, 71, 103.

Eli, 197, 198.

Eliot, 91, 495, 502, 630.

Elliot, 610.

Eliphaz, 217.

Elizabeth, 103, 170, 407, 409, 593, 661.

Elizabeth Island, 285.

Embomma, 129, 130.

Empedocles, 373.

Encyclopædia Britannica, 268.

Endor, 363, 480, 665, 670, 678.

England, 188, 206, 210, 229, 253, 268, 346, 407, 409, 576, 588, 591, 595, 599, 600, 601, 604, 605, 606, 614, 632, 633, 634.

English Canaan, 628.

English Mark, 651.

Enoch, 57.

Epicurus, 481.

Erasistratus, 442, 443.

Erasmus, 152.

Erfurth, 125.

Erpingham, 638.

Erricus, 661.

Erskine, 84.

Erving, 515.

Estwell, 677.

Espinasse, 588.

Ethiopia, 106.

Europe, 106, 131, 576, 622, 663.

Eurypus, 443.

Eusebius, 465.

Eustis, 450.

Eutaw Springs, 415.

Evans, 610.

Eve, 429.

Evelyn, 134.

Everett, 55, 204, 277.

Ewins, 159.

Exeter, 20, 204, 211, 675, 677.

Ezekiel, 582, 583, 587.

F.

Fabius Maximus, 631.

Fabrieii Bibliographia Antiquaria, 659.

Fagan, 193.

Fairbanks, 190, 191, 337.

Fakeer, 570, 571, 573, 576.

Fales, 190, 337.

Falmouth, 243.

Falstaff, 624.

Faneuil, 476:--495 to 563, passim.

Faneuil Hall, 211, 199, 500, 501, 535.

Fanhope, 674.

Farmer, 496.

Farnham, 597.

Farnsworth, 314, 327, 328.

Farquhar, 480.

Farraday, 103.

Farrar, 159.

Farrago, 189, 347.

Fasti, 426.

Faulconbridge, 321.

Favor, 98.

Feild, 228.

Fenelon, 472.

Fenner, 228.

Ferrari, 27.

Fielding, 272.

Fillebrown, 493.

Fire Island, 406.

Fish, 665, 666, 667.

Flaccus, 106, 337.

Flanders, 88.

Florence, 125, 596.

Fleet, 147.

Fleet Prison, 268.

Fleet Street, 656.

Fleta, 614.

Flagg, 431.

Flaherty, 196.

Flechier, 215.

Flucker, 514.

Folsom, 189.

Fontenelle, 357.

Fonnereau, 521.

Foote, 367, 371.

Ford, 25, 268, 391.

Fordyce, 27.

Forresters, 286.

Forest Hills, 68, 225.

Forster, 629.

Fosbroke, 591.

Fothergill, 642.

Fox, 597, 665, 666, 667.

Foxcroft, 298.

France, 68, 88, 188, 426, 438, 595, 606, 607, 633, 634, 637, 638, 661, 670, 675.

Francis I., 73, 97, 619, 654.

Francis, 598, 663.

Frankfort, 15.

Franklin, 20, 142, 574, 599, 603, 604, 644, 645, 646.

Franks, 614.

Freand, 56.

Frederick I., 28.

Freedly, 181.

Freeman, 165.

French Church, 521.

Frescati, 64.

Frizzell, 126.

Frizzles, 189.

Fuller, 66, 265, 466.

Fullerton, 605.

G.

Gabriel, 57, 119.

Galen, 459.

Galilee, 57.

Gannett, 92, 286.

Gardner, 299, 601.

Garth, 480.

Gates, 77, 81.

Gath, 617.

Gato, 33.

Gaul, 617, 618, 619.

Gaule, 659.

Gauls, 618.

Gaunt, 237, 656, 674.

Gavett, 596.

Gawler, 606.

Gellia, 107.

Genesis, 122, 429.

Genethliaci, 661.

Genevieve, 73, 75.

Genoa, 89.

Gentleman's Magazine, 376, 594.

George I., 28, 248, 406.

George II., 406, 407, 551, 623, 660.

George III., 59, 90, 103, 144, 145, 147, 275, 604.

George IV., 207, 209.

Gerard, 469.

Germanicus, 29.

Germans, 614.

Germantown, 415.

Germany, 88, 426, 620.

Gervais, 475, 670.

Ghizeh, 33.

Gibraltar, 88.

Gideon, 597.

Gill, 61.

Gillies, 514.

Gilpin, 74.

Girondists, 68, 74.

Glossin, 388.

Gloucester, 349, 404, 652, 657.

Goethe, 287.

Golgotha, 35.

Goliath, 437, 617, 618, 619.

Gold, 227.

Goldsmith, 24, 123, 362, 481, 584, 587, 649.

Gomorrah, 117, 119, 221.

Good, 49.

Goode, 181, 184, 338.

Gooseberry, 70.

Gordon, 62, 147, 153, 416, 417.

Gore, 277.

Gorton, 480.

Gosnold, 283.

Goss, 677.

Gould, 598.

Gracchus, 431.

Grady, 601.

Grammont, 623.

Granger, 260.

Granary, 24, 46, 48, 148, 197, 428, 525, 543.

Grant, 401, 606.

Grattan, 606.

Gratz, 620.

Graunt, 103.

Gray, 161, 162, 269, 546, 556.

Great Britain, 186, 207, 277, 347, 416, 474, 580, 663.

Great Tom, 125.

Greece, 105, 128, 204, 355, 373, 430, 595.

Greeks, 68, 106, 131, 632, 661.

Green, 596.

Greene, 62, 159, 474.

Greenlanders, 35.

Greenleaf, 192, 329, 330.

Green Mount, 38.

Greenwood, 300, 451, 534.

Gregory, Pope, 474.

Grey, 347.

Grey Friars, 652.

Greville, 678.

Gridley, 142.

Griswold, 160, 360.

Grossman, 7, 8, 18, 24, 25, 44, 50, 115, 132, 288, 680.

Grotius, 437.

Grouchy, 132.

Grozier, 397.

Grubb, 596.

Guardian, 613.

Guerriere, 417.

Guiana, 130.

Guideu, 637.

Guienne, 656.

Guilford, 415.

Guillotin, 634, 635.

Guillotine, 634, 635, 638.

Guinneau, 519.

Gundebald, 614, 615.

Gussanville, 663.

Gustavus Adolphus, 661.

H.

Hades, 345.

Hague, 445.

Hakin, 400.

Hale, 62, 124, 177, 188, 189, 190, 209, 220, 301, 310, 315, 324, 331, 332, 334, 640, 664, 666.

Halford, 134, 135, 136, 139.

Halifax, 223, 479, 480, 634.

Hall, 130.

Hallam, 361.

Haller, 157.

Halley, 81.

Hamilton, 277, 298, 605, 613.

Hammond, 180.

Hancock, 142, 143, 166, 299, 417, 498, 589.

Handel, 297, 422, 427.

Handy, 561.

Hanan, 585.

Hannibal, 45.

Hanover Square, 140.

Hanway, 90.

Harleian Miscellany, 217, 445, 642.

Harper, 227.

Harris, 555.

Harrison, 265, 395, 396.

Hart, 661, 662.

Hartop, 158.

Harvey, 157, 436.

Haslett, 597.

Hatch, 555, 564, 565.

Haute, 676.

Hawes, 375.

Hawkins, 426.

Hawles, 332.

Hawtrey, 361.

Haydn, 346, 407, 577, 579, 580.

Hayes, 301.

Hayley, 477.

Haynes, 302, 307, 310, 316, 317, 321, 322.

Hayward, 450, 561, 597.

Hazael, 431.

Hazzard, 226, 545.

Heath, 172, 610, 611.

Heber, 360.

Hebrews, 33, 431.

Hebrides, 643.

Hector, 619.

Heemskerck, 588.

Helen, 619.

Henault, 661.

Henderson, 304.

Henry II., 649, 651.

Henry III., 187, 241, 661.

Henry IV., 73, 74, 342, 352, 409, 606, 661.

Henry VI., 349, 674.

Henry VII., 87, 88, 134, 185.

Henry VIII., 78, 133, 136, 138, 139, 170, 185, 188, 342, 346, 385, 409, 411, 413, 477, 589, 631.

Henry, 639, 663.

Hephestion, 373.

Herbert, 104, 133, 138, 607.

Hercules, 436.

Hereford, 649, 656, 657.

Herlicius, 661, 672, 673.

Hermes, 428.

Herne, 676.

Herod, 93.

Herodotus, 18, 21, 436.

Heron, 657.

Herophylus, 443, 459.

Herr Driesbach, 613.

Herschell, 622, 643.

Hertford, 133, 135.

Highgate, 37.

Hildanus, 49, 373.

Hill, 298, 307, 308, 310, 368, 369, 597.

Hiller, 553.

Hindoos, 22, 436.

Hindostan, 93, 100.

Hippocrates, 436, 442, 459.

Hirst, 508.

Hobart, 134, 605.

Hobkirk's Hill, 415.

Hoboken, 615, 643.

Hodgson, 361.

Hodson, 601.

Hog Alley, 562.

Hogarth, 271.

Holborn, 134.

Holbrook, 408.

Holden, 124, 227.

Holinshed, 87, 424.

Holland, 88, 506, 650, 662.

Holme, 591.

Holmes, 365, 499, 546.

Holy Land, 651, 652.

Homans, 450.

Homer, 15, 17, 143, 429, 430, 585, 586.

Hone, 591.

Hook, 76, 367.

Hooper, 309, 546.

Hopkins, 221, 422, 424.

Horace, 36, 51, 97, 168, 360, 367, 404, 568, 587, 592, 663, 664.

Horatio, 599, 600.

Horne, 178.

Horstius, 373.

Hossack, 605.

Hottentots, 34.

Hough, 245, 246.

Houndsditch, 661.

Howe, 55, 597.

Hubbard, 627.

Hudibras, 260, 454, 627, 628.

Huger, 496.

Huguenots, 496 to 500, passim: also, 506, 507, 523, 545, 546.

Hull, 66, 274, 646.

Hume, 186, 241.

Humphreys, 646, 647.

Hungary, 632.

Hungerford, 233.

Hunt, 506.

Huntington, 655.

Hutchinson, 226, 228, 229, 230, 515, 538, 586, 592, 640.

Hydriotaphia, 42, 65, 131, 281.

Hydrophobia, 193.

Hyperion, 582.

I.

Idumea, 116.

Inman, 513.

Innocent III., 466.

Ireland, 87, 93.

Irenæus, 171.

Ireton, 134.

Irish, 193.

Irving, 557.

Isabella, 646.

Israel, 431.

Israelites, 102.

Isis, 428.

Islip, 406.

Istampol, 186.

J.

Jabbok, 118.

Jackson, 55, 500, 605.

Jacobs, 312.

Jahn, 33, 432, 433, 434, 435.

Jamaica Pond, 69.

James I., 170, 612, 660.

James II., 232, 243, 248, 253, 259.

Jardin des Plantes, 75.

Jasper, 256.

Jay, 276.

Jefferson, 85, 163, 344, 392.

Jeffrey, 603.

Jeffreys, 235.

Jeffries, 450, 479, 480, 537.

Jekyll, 532, 555.

Jenkins, 157.

Jenks, 117, 118.

Jenyns, 42.

Jepson, 597.

Jeremiah, 105.

Jerusalem, 119.

Jesse, 615, 620, 628.

Jew, 620.

Jews, 106, 131, 170, 186, 188, 632.

Job, 217, 225, 430.

Jonathan, 116, 167, 414, 417.

Jones, 159, 181, 435, 510, 513, 531, 541, 551, 566.

Johnson Samuel, 31, 90, 107, 108, 183, 277, 409, 421, 477, 480, 481, 601, 602, 603, 604.

Johnson, 55, 305, 308, 475.

Johonnot, 493.

Jonny Armstrong, 425.

Jonson Ben, 59, 479, 591.

Jordan, 117, 118.

Joseph, 57, 429.

Josephus, 118, 120.

Josselyn, 283.

Judah, 116.

Judæus Apella, 642.

Judd, 77.

Judea, 105, 116, 128, 355.

Judicial Astrology, 661, 673.

Judson, 616.

Julia, 67.

Junius, 525, 578.

Juno, 421.

Juvenal, 79, 585.

K.

Kaimes, 367.

Kamschatka, 35.

Kast, 450.

Katherine of Arragon, 650.

Keatinge, 128.

Keayne, 454.

Keith, 239.

Kensall Green, 37.

Kent, 650.

Kerr, 623.

Kidd, 285.

Kidder, 86.

Kilby, 567.

Kilmarnock, 629, 630.

King, 276.

Kings, 431.

King's Chapel, 48, 55, 288, 297, 510, 534.

Kingsmill, 227.

Kingstreet, 509.

Kingstown, 507.

Kircherus, 434.

Kirchmaun, 106.

Kirriel, 677.

Kishon, 118.

Kitchen, 231, 232.

Kittal-al-Machaid, 401.

Knox, 369.

Koran, 21.

L.

Lacedemonians, 12, 13, 17.

La Cheze, 636.

Lacombe, 648.

Lafayette, 62, 84, 636.

Lahore, 570.

Lally, 636.

Lamartine, 68.

Lambert, 555.

Lamia, 49, 373.

Lancashire, 420.

Lancaster, 650.

Landgrave of Hesse, 387.

Landseer, 678.

Lane, 598.

Langdon, 92, 427.

Langstaff, 92.

Lansdowne, 365.

Laou-Keun, 481.

Larassy, 179.

Lares, 64.

Larkin, 101

Larrey, 607.

Larvæ, 64.

Lathrop, 595.

Latimer, 75, 279, 655.

Laurel Hill, 38.

Laurens, 374, 496.

Lavater, 625.

Lavinia, 619.

Lazarus, 56.

Leadenhall Market, 213, 220.

Le Cat, 643.

Lechemere, 554.

Lectouse, 37.

Ledea, 228.

Lee, 126, 276.

L'Etombe, 166.

Le Gros, 639.

Leibnitz, 438.

Leicestershire, 68, 648.

Le Mercier, 497, 498, 546, 547, 548, 549.

Lemures, 64.

Lenoie, 40.

Lenox, 605.

Leopard, 608.

Lepidus, 52.

Leuconoe, 663.

Levi, 382.

Leviticus, 230.

Lewis, 378.

Lewyn, 81.

Lexington, 415.

Liancourt, 636.

Libo, 99.

Licinius, 80.

Lilly, 591, 661, 673.

Lincoln, 94, 312, 674.

Lincoln's Inn, 593.

Lind, 420.

Lindsey, 133, 135.

Linnæus, 399.

Linnington, 533.

Lippstadt, 661.

Lithered, 560.

Little Belt, 417.

Liverpool, 417.

Livingston, 276.

Livy, 52, 80, 617, 619.

Lizard, 407.

Lloyd, 35, 265, 367, 448, 449.

Lloyd's Lists, 404.

Locke, 266.

Locrian Law, 342.

Loe, 248, 249.

Lollards, 658.

Lombards, 186.

London, 37, 56, 67, 76, 87, 88, 89, 94, 118, 211, 213, 220, 237, 346, 421, 588, 589, 591, 624, 632, 652, 676.

London Quarterly Review, 212, 356, 357, 391, 622, 634, 641.

London Times, 358.

Long, 513.

Long Branch, 320.

Long Island, 62.

Longshanks, 187, 583.

Longspee, 651.

Lot's Wife, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122.

Loudon, 213, 214.

Louis, 636.

Louis XI., 74.

Louis XII., 73.

Louis XIII., 74, 352, 607.

Louis XIV., 38, 74, 75, 351, 607, 612, 670, 671.

Louis XV., 671, 672.

Louis XVI., 635, 637, 638.

Louison, 636, 637.

Lovat, 628.

Lovell, 159:--496 to 530, passim.

Lowell, 83.

Lucan, 670.

Lucilius, 106, 107, 168, 377, 443.

Ludlow, 226.

Lum Akum, 398.

Luther, 388.

Lutton, 123, 132.

Lutzengen, 661.

Lycurgus, 17.

Lyman, 202, 203.

Lynn, 658.

Lyon, 324.

Lyons, 438.

M.

Mabillon, 124.

Macabe, 195.

McAndrew, 181.

Macartney, 402, 605.

Macaulay, 231 to 269, passim:--also 361.

McDonough, 418.

McGammon, 196.

McGill, 332.

Machaon, 430.

Machiavelli, 95, 115, 220, 234.

Machyl, 82.

McKeon, 614.

Mackenzie, 606, 610, 611, 624.

Mackintosh, 207, 316.

McLean, 621.

McNamara, 197.

McNaughten, 573.

Machpelah, 299.

Mæcenas, 36, 679.

Mag-Astro-Mancer, 659.

Magdalen College, 243, 244, 246.

Magdalene, 56.

Magee, 195.

Magnalia, 582.

Mahomet, 171.

Mahoney, 195.

Maillard, 73.

Mailosel, 654.

Maintenon, 671, 672.

Majoribanks, 401.

Mahnsbury, 87.

Malone, 481.

Malplesant, 654.

Malta, 33, 624.

Maltravers, 655.

Mammon, 170.

Mamre, 299.

Manchester, 303 to 325, passim.

Mandans, 23, 51.

Mandeville, 118, 344, 345, 599.

Manlius, 617, 618, 619, 634.

Manes, 64.

Manigault, 496.

Mann, 382, 629.

Mannering, 360.

Manney, 654.

Mansfield, 95, 115, 220, 234.

Mantua, 422.

Marat, 217.

Marbeuf, 639.

Marc Antony, 387.

Marcellinus, 64.

March, 653, 655, 666.

Marco Polo, 400.

Marcus Antoninus, 584.

Mareschall, 654.

Maret, 37.

Mariner, 129.

Marion, 496.

Mariti, 88.

Marius, 63.

Marseillais, 426, 637.

Marseilles, 88.

Marshall, 55, 83, 355.

Martel, 73.

Martial, 107, 419, 586, 587, 595.

Martin, 189.

Martinico, 166.

Martinique, 29.

Mary, Bloody, 75, 82, 93, 405.

Maryland, 153, 154.

Mashee, 596.

Mason, 101, 102.

Massachusetts, 84, 94, 114, 155, 156, 164, 165, 166, 176, 187, 231, 276, 632.

Mather, 94, 280, 327, 364, 367, 546, 582, 668.

Matthews, 180, 367, 613.

Matooara, 378.

Maury, 636.

Maverick, 163.

Maximilian II., 620, 621.

Maynard, 81.

Mazarin, 135.

Mazzei, 163.

Mead, 588.

Mears, 497, 563.

Meaux, 671.

Mediterranean, 118.

Megret, 217.

Melancthon, 388.

Melli Melli, 568.

Mena, 130, 583, 587, 592.

Menalcas, 90.

Menander, 217.

Menu, 130.

Merrick, 221.

Merrill, 313 to 325, passim.

Mewins, 464.

Mexico, 101, 638.

Michaelis, 119.

Midsummer Night's Dream, 592.

Milan, 220, 456.

Mildmay, 133.

Miletum, 342.

Milford Haven, 88.

Millar, 643.

Millenarians, 672.

Millengen, 36, 49.

Millens, 92.

Miller, 555.

Millot, 659.

Mills, 435.

Miltiades, 11.

Milton, 159, 386, 387, 477.

Minzies, 555.

Minoresses, 657.

Minors, 654.

Minshull, 386.

Mirepoix, 382.

Mirfield, 380.

Misson, 56.

Missouri, 23.

Mitford, 477.

Moab, 116.

Mock, 597.

Mohawk Indian, 647.

Mohun, 605, 613.

Momus, 368.

Monmouth, 235.

Montacute, 650.

Montaigne, 27, 104, 343, 443.

Montague, 55.

Montefiore, 15.

Monte Notte, 381.

Montesquieu, 342.

Montezuma, 63, 593.

Montmorenci, 607.

Moody, 30, 189, 471.

Moore, 472.

Moorhead, 150, 286, 389, 531, 532, 546.

Moors, 138.

Moravians, 379.

More, 359, 361.

Morin, 419, 420.

Morland, 466 to 470, passim.

Morose, 591.

Morris, 420, 609, 611.

Mortimer, 651, 653.

Morton, 628, 634.

Moses, 429, 660.

Mount Auburn, 38, 46, 68, 225.

Mounts Bay, 407.

Mount Hope, 33.

Moyle, 677.

Mudge, 608.

Mullowny, 194.

Mun Chung, 398.

Murphy, 101, 102, 107, 193.

Murray, 477.

Murullus, 106.

Muses, 421.

Muskerry, 243.

Mussenden, 657.

Mydas, 591.

Mysore, 436.

Mytelene, 12.

N.

Naaman, 431.

Nain, 320.

Nantasket, 408.

Nantes, 37.

Nantucket, 77.

Naples, 33, 88.

Napoleon, 105, 381, 393.

Narcissa, 22.

Nares, 580, 591, 593.

Narragansett Bay, 283, 284.

Naseby, 134, 386.

Natchez, 587.

Nau, 122.

Negoose, 189, 190, 191, 347.

Nemours, 607.

New, 581.

Newcastle, 90.

New England, 177, 221, 283, 408, 476, 607, 627.

Newgate, 179, 183, 259, 622, 632.

New London, 363.

New North Church, 125, 126.

New Orleans, 604.

New Rochelle, 523, 530.

Newton, 66.

New York, 576.

New York Evening Post, 330, 331.

New Zealand, 23, 94.

Nicholls, 193, 422, 648.

Nicolas, 648.

Ninkempaup, 456.

Niobe, 121.

Nipmug, 496.

Noah, 176.

Noailles, 623, 671.

Noble, 262.

Noddle's Island, 163.

Nollekens, 676.

Norfolk, 677.

Norman, 453.

Normandy, 635, 675.

Norris, 232.

North American Review, 330.

Norway, 88, 168.

Norwich, 346.

Notre Dame, 124.

Nova Scotia, 568.

Noyes, 506.

Numa, 69, 105, 106.

Numbers, 122.

Nunhead, 37.

O.

Oak Hall, 133.

O'Brien, 355.

O'Connell, 606.

Odyssey, 11.

Ogilvie, 606.

Oglethorpe, 601, 603, 604.

Ogygia, 420.

Olam Fodla, 93.

Old Brick, 123, 132, 128, 567.

Oldmixon, 268.

Oliver, 140, 141, 142, 513, 538.

Omnibus, 191, 347.

Oporto, 55.

Orde, 188.

Orfila, 219.

Origen, 436.

Orinoco, 130.

Orleans, 135.

Orrery, 250.

Osborne, 573.

Osiris, 428.

O'Shane, 194.

Ossa, 658.

Ossoli, 406.

Otis, Harrison Gray, 159.

Otis, James, 211, 354.

Ottomans, 672, 673.

Outhier, 51.

Ovid, 64, 98, 105, 106, 223, 248, 392, 413, 558.

Oxford, 87, 125, 244, 245, 248, 249, 360, 497, 498, 499, 653, 654.

Oxnard, 513.

P.

Packinett, 498.

Page, 566.

Paine, 598.

Palestine, 34, 121, 204, 651.

Palermo, 591.

Palinurus, 168.

Pallas, 99.

Palmer, 536, 537, 597.

Pantagathus, 586.

Parant Duchatelet, 219.

Paré, 589.

Pareicus, 588.

Parian Marbles, 382.

Paris, 37, 39, 73, 89, 249, 438, 634, 635, 637, 667, 671.

Parker, 246, 506.

Parkman, 270 to 273, passim:--also 278, 335, 336.

Parr, 157.

Parsees, 130.

Parsons, 276, 451.

Passy, 599.

Patchogue, 406.

Patroclus, 15, 67, 107.

Pauketpeeker, 457.

Paulding, 62.

Paul, 658.

Paull, 606.

Pausanias, 421.

Pavice, 565.

Paxton, 513.

Paybody, 175.

Peake, 192.

Pearson, 175, 189.

Peck, 498.

Pecker, 449.

Peel, 207, 346.

Pekin, 481.

Pelion, 658.

Pelletier, 637.

Pemberton, 536, 563, 566.

Pembroke, 653, 654, 655, 677.

Penn, 231 to 269 passim:--also 339.

Pennant, 634.

Pennsylvania, 94.

Pendleton, 605.

Pepin, 73.

Pepperell, 508.

Pepusch, 427.

Pepys, 466, 468, 577.

Percival, 599, 603.

Percy, 425.

Perry, 418, 610, 611.

Persepolis, 475.

Persia, 475.

Persians, 632.

Persius, 592.

Peters, 450.

Petre, 281.

Petronel, 620, 621.

Pew, 49.

Peyret, 508.

Pharamond, 72.

Pharsalia, 670.

Phelps, 227.

Philadelphia, 36, 38, 268, 339, 614.

Philip Augustus, 39.

Philip the Bold, 73.

Philippus, 588.

Phillips, 408, 421, 495, 505, 531, 541, 542:--also 550 to 566 passim:--also 568.

Philistines, 617, 618, 619.

Philomela, 42.

Picardy, 635.

Pickering, 165, 221, 439.

Pickett, 189.

Pickworth, 283.

Pierce, 597.

Pierre de Nemours, 39.

Pierson, 226.

Pigot, 555.

Pinchbeke, 675.

Pinckney, 277.

Pindar, 96.

Pineau, 49.

Pinohe, 81.

Pitcairn, 54, 223.

Pitcher, 363, 658.

Pitt, 145, 146, 606.

Pittacus, 12.

Place de Grève, 73, 636, 637.

Place de la Revolution, 638.

Place St. Antoine, 638.

Plaine de Mont Louis, 40.

Plaisant, 639.

Plaistowe, 230.

Plato, 20, 49, 373, 377, 429.

Plautus, 577, 587.

Pleydell, 360.

Plimouth, 283, 628.

Pliny, 79, 99, 117, 121, 419, 430, 442, 443, 450, 459, 461, 462, 582, 583, 588.

Plutarch, 105, 106, 217, 400, 591.

Pococke, 111, 118.

Podalirius, 430.

Poeon, 430.

Poictiers, 654.

Poictou, 358.

Polack, 23.

Pole, 75.

Polhamus, 319, 320, 323.

Pollard, 29.

Pompadour, 41, 43.

Pompey, 443, 444, 670.

Ponthia, 373.

Pontraçi, 39, 40, 54, 89.

Popayan, 130.

Pope, 111, 334, 364, 453, 480.

Popple, 263.

Porchalion, 674.

Portland, 64, 65.

Port Mahon, 42.

Potter, 12.

Powell, 386.

Pratt, 314, 327.

Pretender, 629.

Prevot, 49.

Priam, 322.

Price, 520, 541.

Priest, 612.

Primrose, 111.

Prince of Orange, 233.

Pringle, 496.

Prioleau, 496.

Prior, 54, 233.

Pritchard, 550.

Proctor, 632.

Prudhomme, 637.

Psamatticus, 33.

Pseudodoxia, 431, 660.

Puddifant, 131, 133.

Pudding Lane, 596.

Purchase Street, 597.

Puzzlepot, 189.

Pwan Yekoo, 398.

Pyramus, 592.

Pythagoras, 377.

Q.

Quakers, 445.

Quincy, 43, 156, 404, 416, 605.

Quintilius Varus, 614.

Quintus, 578.

R.

Rachel, 569.

Radziville, 121.

Rand, 449, 643.

Randall, 228.

Randolph, 85, 605.

Ranelagh, 266.

Rapin, 87, 185, 186, 241, 349, 612, 674.

Rauber, 620, 621.

Ravaillac, 73.

Ravenscroft, 298.

Raymond, 309, 315, 326, 327.

Read, 520.

Reason, 562.

Receuil Periodique, 643.

Reese, 357.

Regent's Inlet, 645.

Religio Medici, 640.

Remus, 64.

Reuben, 116.

Revallion, 532.

Richard II., 649, 650, 657.

Richardson, 662.

Richelieu, 612.

Richmond, 133, 135, 677.

Ridley, 279, 571.

Riley, 181.

Rivet, 20.

Robertson, 241, 299, 391, 392, 393.

Robespierre, 638.

Robinson, 232, 260, 261, 514.

Robin Hood, 517.

Rochelle, 495, 506, 507, 551.

Rochester, 216, 266, 424, 480, 587, 631.

Rochefoucault, 217, 218, 338.

Rockingham, 145.

Rockport, 16.

Roebuck, 606.

Roederer, 636, 637.

Rogers, 279, 417.

Rogerson, 450.

Roma, 617.

Roman, 618, 619.

Romans, 68, 106, 131, 475, 592, 594, 595, 617, 632, 661.

Roman Catholics, 600.

Rome, 87, 89, 263, 343, 442, 460, 475, 614, 658, 661.

Romilly, 207, 346.

Romulus, 105, 474, 591, 595.

Rosamond, 651.

Roscius, 215.

Rose Cullender, 640.

Rose in Bloom, 405.

Ross, 641, 645, 646, 647.

Rothschild, 15, 54.

Rous, 227.

Rouse, 631.

Rousseau, 476.

Rowlett, 82.

Roxbury, 220, 221, 227, 566.

Royal Society, 622, 644.

Rue d'Enfer, 39, 42.

Rufus, 320.

Runjeet Singh, 570, 571, 572, 573.

Russell, 29.

Rush, 447.

Rushworth, 424.

Russia, 276.

Russians, 129, 474.

Ruthven, 606.

Rutland Herald, 318, 331.

Rymer's Foedera, 349, 675.

S.

St. Andrew, 55.

St. Anne, 56.

St. Augustine, 51.

St. Clara, 52.

St. Christophers, 533.

St. Croix, 11, 52, 98, 422.

St. Denis, 73, 75.

St. Edmunds Bury, 640.

St. James, 424.

St. Katherine, 651.

St. Luke, 55.

St. Margaret, 651, 675.

St. Martins, 124.

St. Mary, 655, 675.

St. Matthew, 217.

St. Michael, 57, 124.

St. Omers, 263, 426.

St. Paul, 437.

St. Paul's, 225, 642, 656.

St. Peter, 56.

St. Pierre, 476.

St. Richard, 656.

St. Saba, 122.

St. Saturnin, 37.

St. Thomas, 56, 321, 656.

Sabine, 510.

Saburra, 587.

Sackville, 145, 549, 551, 613.

Salem, 54.

Salewarp, 651.

Salisbury, 307, 650, 651, 669, 674.

Sallust, 381.

Salmon, 87.

Salter, 550.

Saltonstall, 533.

Samee, 665.

Samson, 437.

Samuel, 111, 363, 434, 585, 620, 660, 670.

Samuels, 15.

Sancho Panza, 192, 265.

Sanderson, 131.

Sanson, 633, 635, 636, 637, 638.

Sardinia, 88.

Sargent, 180, 538.

Sarsaparilla, 133.

Sarum, 363.

Saul, 16, 67, 434, 617, 618, 670.

Saulien, 37.

Saunders, 176.

Sauvages, 101.

Savage, 55.

Savoy, 606.

Scaliger, 437.

Scharsegin, 620, 621.

Schmidt, 381.

Schridieder, 356.

Scipio Africanus, 22, 216.

Scott, 49, 227, 269, 360, 375, 376, 422, 426, 606.

Scrope, 675.

Scutari, 22.

Segor, 117.

Seignelay, 239.

Seltridge, 449.

Selkirk, 171.

Selwyn, 179, 237, 615, 628, 642.

Seneca, 106, 107, 168, 169, 377, 443, 585.

Senisino, 421.

Serampore, 281.

Sergius Orator, 461.

Servius, 97, 279.

Sevrès, 671.

Sewall, 142, 165, 513, 546, 553, 558, 561, 630.

Seymour, 133, 136, 608.

Shades, 587.

Shakspeare, 83, 409, 419, 658.

Shandois, 77, 82.

Sharp, 93.

Shattuck, 222, 439, 440.

Shaw, 112, 221, 459.

Shays, 94.

Shea, 54.

Sheerness, 558, 564.

Shelburne, 605.

Shelden, 261.

Sheldon, 314, 327.

Shelson, 299.

Sheridan, 613.

Shirley, 291, 297, 530.

Shochoh, 615.

Shouldham, 652.

Shrewsbury, 320.

Shute, 298.

Shylock, 171.

Siberia, 35.

Sicily, 33, 591.

Sicilies, the Two, 89.

Siddim, 117.

Sidney, 425.

Sigal, 515.

Sigourney, 496, 498.

Simmons, 130.

Skinner, 309, 331.

Smallpiece, 598.

Smith, Sidney, 367.

Smith, 24, 27, 71, 152, 164, 227, 289, 509, 591.

Smink, 101.

Smollett, 241, 243.

Snow, 537.

Socrates, 592.

Sodom, 117, 119, 120, 123, 215, 221.

Sodoma, 122.

Solomon, 192.

Solon, 209.

Somersett, 677.

Somnium Scipionis, 373.

Soo Chune, 398.

Soong, 482.

Sophia Charlotte, 28.

Sorbiere, 437, 457.

Sosigenes, 474.

Southampton, 135.

Southwick, 227.

Spain, 650, 662, 675.

Spaniards, 130.

Sparks, 62, 561.

Speed, 76, 424, 677.

Spelman, 648.

Spitalfields, 67, 256.

Spooner, 450.

Spring, 512.

Springett, 252.

Sprott, 676.

Stafford, 632.

Stair, 623.

Stanford, 650.

Stanhope, 593.

Starkie, 192.

Staunford, 675.

Steele, 555.

Stephanus, 105.

Stephens, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123.

Sterne, 37.

Sternhold, 231, 424, 425.

Steuben, 62.

Stevens, 554.

Stevenson, 232.

Stewart, 609.

Stillman, 631.

Stirling Castle, 95.

Stirrington, 652.

Stockholm, 52.

Stone Chapel, 296.

Story, 268.

Stow, 20, 67, 346, 349, 424.

Stowell, 632.

Strabo, 592.

Streatfield, 105.

Strype, 77, 81, 82, 88, 139, 279, 280, 281, 409, 410, 424, 631, 632.

Stuart, 603, 605, 606.

Stuarts, 661.

Stubbe, 594.

Sue, 639, 640.

Suetonius, 29, 67, 79, 98, 99, 107, 462.

Suffolk, 654.

Sully, 352, 606.

Sulmo, 390.

Sumner, 19, 132.

Sunderland, 89, 233.

Surinam, 351.

Sweden, 661.

Swedenborg, 378, 379.

Swedes, 661.

Swift, 32, 193, 367, 422.

Swingford, 674.

Switzerland, 394.

Sykes, 244.

Sylla, 63, 97.

Sylvester, 596.

Syracuse, 33.

Syrens, 421.

Syria, 34, 88.

Syrians, 632.

T.

Tacitus, 29, 99, 107.

Taheite, 378, 380.

Tailor, 554.

Tappan, 58, 60.

Tarpeian Rock, 618.

Tasman, 129.

Tate, 31, 596.

Taylor, 84, 110, 157, 215, 394, 395, 396, 397, 638, 662.

Taunton, 235.

Tees, 379.

Templeman, 451.

Terence, 587.

Tertullian, 122.

Testamenta Vetusta, 648, 649.

Tewksbury, 655, 673.

Thacher, 31, 58, 61, 126, 127, 568, 605.

Thebes, 16, 32.

Theodolphus, 37.

Theodosius, 36.

Theophrastus, 587.

Thessalus, 443.

Thessaly, 670.

Thevet, 118.

Thiermeyer, 642.

Thomas, 346, 480.

Thomas of Canterbury, 281.

Thompson, 86.

Thornton, 477, 604.

Thurlow, 589.

Tiberius, 98.

Tibullus, 100, 160.

Tierney, 606.

Tilbury, 670.

Tillotson, 178, 238, 240, 262, 266.

Timoleon, 12.

Tinville, 638.

Tonga Islands, 129.

Tongataboo, 129.

Tonstrina, 588.

Tortugas, 407.

Touchet, 380.

Tournay, 67.

Tower Hill, 631, 632.

Townshend, 145.

Trajan, 476.

Trenchard, 265.

Trent, 606.

Tresham, 77.

Treviso, 381.

Troughton, 644.

Troutbeck, 297.

Troy, 322, 430.

Trunnion, 221.

Truro, 406.

Tanfugge, 654.

Tubero, 373.

Tuck, 564, 566.

Tuckett, 606.

Tuckey, 129, 130.

Tudor, 76.

Tunbrugge, 654.

Turkey, 106.

Turkish Empire, 672.

Turks, 123.

Turenne, 73, 75.

Turner, 155, 157, 231, 570, 575.

Twiss, 230.

Tyburn, 340, 632.

Tyler, 500.

U.

Ucalegon, 143.

Ula-Deguisi, 123.

Ulysses, 106, 109, 420.

United States, 347, 407, 434, 610.

Usher, 561.

Uxbridge, 16.

V.

Val de Grace, 68.

Valentia, 606.

Valerius Maximus, 374.

Vallemont, 455.

Valois, 622.

Valvasor, 620.

Van Buren, 85, 95, 96.

Van Butchell, 445, 447.

Vandyke, 137.

Van Gelder, 59.

Van Pronk, 25.

Vans, 184.

Van Wart, 63.

Varden, 401.

Vardy, 564.

Varro, 583.

Vassal, 296.

Vaughan, 361.

Velleius Paterculus, 614.

Vere, 654.

Verney, 677.

Vermont, 114.

Veronica, 57.

Verulam, 258.

Vespasian, 29, 67, 98.

Vesuvius, 121.

Vexius Valens, 443.

Victoria, 208.

Victory, 646.

Vieq d'Azyr, 37.

Vienna, 433.

Villars, 607.

Vincent, 256, 257, 258.

Virgil, 76, 79, 97, 99, 419, 422.

Virginia, 153, 154.

Volney, 117, 119, 121.

Voltaire, 217, 637.

W.

Wade, 570, 572, 573, 575.

Wakefield, 359, 466.

Waldo, 90, 302.

Walpole, 382, 431, 629, 674.

Waltham, 676.

Walsingham, 65, 83, 84, 650, 656.

Ward, 281, 282, 528, 529, 595.

Ward's Curwen, 510.

Warre, 235, 236.

Warren, 55, 66, 222, 446, 450, 597.

Warwick, 651.

Washington, 62, 277, 394, 511.

Waterhouse, 448.

Waterloo, 132.

Watts, 366, 677.

Webb, 91, 126, 546.

Webster, 159, 160, 271, 280, 335, 336, 337.

Wedgewood, 64.

Weever, 76, 124.

Wellesley, 606.

Wellington, 606.

Wells, 273.

Welsh, 450.

Wendell, 538.

Wentworth, 554.

Westminster, 37, 134.

Westminster Abbey, 34, 78, 136, 290, 478.

Weston, 628.

Westwood, 651.

Wharton, 227.

Whelpley, 322.

Whipple, 450, 596.

Whiston, 120.

White, 82.

Whitehall, 134.

Whitehead, 256, 257, 258.

Whitehurst, 158.

White Plains, 351, 415.

Wiche, 651.

Wigmore, 656.

Wilkes, 145, 605.

Willard, 520, 566.

William the Conqueror, 614.

William and Mary, 248.

William III., 232, 233, 248, 253.

William IV., 37, 207, 208.

Williams, 27, 29, 63, 164, 204.

Williamson, 630.

Willis, 88, 181.

Wilts, 656.

Wiltshire, 677.

Winchelsea, 606.

Winchester, 220, 400, 651.

Windsor, 133, 135, 136.

Winkle, 281.

Winslow, 555, 564, 565, 595.

Winterbottom, 435.

Winthrop, 535, 538.

Wisigoths, 407.

Wisket, 628.

Wode, 632.

Wolton, 678.

Wood, 133, 181, 232, 248, 249, 424, 425, 426, 613, 642.

Woodbridge, 550 to 564, passim.

Woodcock, 386.

Woods, 127.

Worcester, 124, 651, 652.

Woronzow, 622.

Wraxall, 622, 623.

Wyatt, 631.

Y.

Yale, 580.

York, 675.

York, Duke of, 252, 256.

Yorktown, 415.

Younge, 676.

Z.

Zaire, 129.

Zeleucus, 342.

Zeno, 49.

Zeres, 56.

Zimmerman, 347.

Zion, 423.

Zisca, 26.

Zoar, 121.

Zophar, 217.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Hist, of Charles V., vol. v. page 139, Oxford ed. 1825.

[2] Lond. Quart. Rev., vol. lxxvi. page 161.

[3] Nearly opposite the residence of Dr. Lemuel Hayward, deceased, where Hayward Place now is.

[4] Woodbridge, I suppose, belonged to some military company, whose arms and accoutrements were probably kept at the White Horse tavern, under the charge of Robert Handy.

[5] _Hog Alley._ See Bonner's plan, of 1722.

[6] Afterwards Richard II.

[7] His natural son.

[8] John of Gaunt.

[9] An English mark was two-thirds of a pound sterling, or 13s. 4d.

[10] A church book.

[11] Breviary.

[12] A button of gold.

[13] A button.

[14] Round funeral tapers.

[15] Margaret Plantagenet, grand-daughter of King Edward I.

[16] The badge of the house of Lancaster.

[17] Richard II.

[18] A culverin.

[19] Dugdale says these were jewels, hanging over the forehead, on bodkins, thrust through the hair.

[20] Pale or peach-colored rubies.

[21] This effigy is referred to by Walpole, in his Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. p. 37.

Transcriber's Notes:

Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.

The original text includes Greek characters. For this text version these letters have been replaced with transliterations.

No. CXIX. ends with the phrase "The symptoms" as is printed in the original text.