Part 20

Erzegebirge Mountains, the, 161

Eulogius, Archbishop, 66, 76

Flamborough, Miss, 235

France, 4, 7, 8, 26, 47

Francis Ferdinand, Archduke, 109, 157

Francis Joseph, Emperor, 116

Friedmann, Mr., 12

Gagarin, Princess, 15

Galich, 29, 30

Galicia, 21-3, 26, 47, 59, 61, 157-8, 175, 250

----, battlefields of, 26

----, road to, 73-5

Geneva Convention, 115

George Cross, the, 200

Germany, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 26, 68, 108, 122, 162, 163, 175-6, 184, 202, 242-3, 247 Army of-- artillery fire of, 218 cavalry advance of, 233 heavy artillery of, 33, 46, 202-3, 208, 216-17, 219, 224, 232, 245, 273 methods of infantry advance of, 88, 94-5, 108, 244-6 prisoner of, chat with, 242-3 question of excesses of, 45-7, 51, 215 rifle fire of, 33, 50 wounded, attitude of, 107, 134 Attitude of, to war, 107, 108

Giant Mountains, the, 161

Gnila Lipa, battle of, 26

Gollanka, artillery duel on heights of, 273-5

Goremykin, Mr., 12

Gorlice, battle of, 250, 251, 267, 269

Gorodok, 28

Gozhansky, Colonel, 38

Grey, Sir Edward, 4

Gribow, 262, 272

Guchkov, Alexander, 72

Gurko, 247

Hamburg, 242

Harchin, 206, 207

Hindenburg, General von, 183, 202

Homyakov, Mr., 25

Homyakov, Miss, 155

Honveds, the, 269

Hopper, Miss, 235

Hungary, army of, attitude towards war, 24, 87, 109, 140, 201

----, ----, horse artillery of, 65

----, defence of, 221

----, Magyars of, 161-3, 176

----, Slavs of, 161-3

----, survey of, 161-3, 176, 178

Irish conflict, the, 2, 3

Irmanov, General, 250-1, 254-8

----, ----, staff of, 253-4

Italy, 7, 8, 243

"Ivan," 134

Ivangorod, fighting near, 48

Ivanov, General, 200

Japanese War, the, 247

Jaslo, 213; bombardment of, 214

Jews, the, 12, 17

---- of Galicia, 25, 31, 33

---- of Poland, 41

Kasso, Mr., 2

Kazalow, 274

Kazimierz, fighting at, 36, 43

Kearne, Miss, 148

Kemble, Mrs., 71

Kielce, 55, 250

----, fighting at, 49-50, 53, 56-7, 249

----, scenes at, 56

Kiev, 73

Körner, 83, 146

Kosienice, desperate fighting at, 48, 49, 249

Krasnik, battle of, 19

Kristiania, 9

Kruchkov, 18

Kusmanek, commander of Peremyshl, 157, 158

Kutuzov, 200

Kwieton, road to, 268

Leipzig, battle of, 164

Lemberg (_see_ Lvov)

Lerche, 25

Liebertz, 262

Lithuanians, the, 12

Lodz, 45

London, Bishop of, 100

Lowicz, 38, 39

----, Poles of, 38, 39

Lützen, field of, 147

Lukich, Commander, 141-3

Luther, Martin, 147

Lvov (Lemberg), 22-3, 25-6, 28, 60, 74-8, 222

----, Prince George, 12, 14, 72, 234

----, N. N., 10, 13

----, Nicholas, 72

Magyar, the, 161-3, 176

Mahlsdorf, 264-6

Maklakov, Mr., 13

Metz, 159

Mezolaborcz, 192, 193

Mlawa, 61

Mokra, 40

Moravians, the, 161

Moscow (1812 and 1914), 13-16

----, Press of, 71

Muchowka, battle of, 179

Napoleon, 40, 86, 139, 164, 167, 242

Narev River, the, 28, 35, 48

Naudeau, M., 57

Newlands Corner, 186

New Year, keeping Feast of, 105, 106

Ney, Marshal, 104

Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 2, 4, 13, 16, 72, 247

Nicholas, Grand Duke, 9, 17, 18, 36, 61

Niemen River, the, 28, 35

Nikolayevich, Nikolay, 97, 98

Norwegians, the, 9

Obzar Hill, 275-6

Olga Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, 20

Pavlovich, Pavel, 141-3

Peace Society of Moscow, 153

Peremyshl, fall of, 157-60, 176, 265

----, fortifications of, 157, 158

----, garrison, etc., of, 157, 159

Petrograd, 13

Plock, 61

Pochayev Monastery, 66

Podymov, Colonel, 190 note

Poland, 2, 40, 47-8, 112, 135-6, 253

----, cottages of, 126

----, Russian, 26, 28, 177

----, scenes in, 41-4

----, wounded children in, 135-6

Poles, the, 16, 17, 47, 50-3

---- of Lowicz, 38-41

---- of Galicia, 61, 79, 87

Prislak, 268

Protopopov, Mr., 1

Prussia, East, 26, 28, 47, 48, 62, 175

Prussia, strength of, 161, 176

Pruszkov, fighting at, 35, 37

Pushkin, 144

Radom, 49, 51-3, 57, 59

Rakitna, fighting at, 36-8

Rakoczy, 193

Rava Ruska, 27, 29, 31-4, 177, 179, 197

Red Cross Organisation of Russia, 11, 16, 25

---- ----, keenness and enthusiasm of, 122-5, 148, 156, 191-2, 15-16, 222 (_see also under_ Russia and Zemstvo League)

Religious questions in Galicia, 21, 22, 76

Riechwald, 263, 265, 268

Rona, 263, 269

Ropica Russka, 266

Roshkov, Dr. Vladimir Petrovich, 125, 147, 148

Rumania, 162, 176

Russia, 2-4, 7, 109, 162-3, 177, 185, 247 Army of-- airmen of, 163-8, 271-2 ambulance points of, 95-104, 215, 221-2 artillery fire of, 30, 36, 46, 116, 154, 165, 244, 269-71, 275, 277 cavalry of, 46 chaplains of, 66-7, 100 field hospitals of, 20, 62-7, 96 first-aid stations of, 112-15 growing enthusiasm of, for England, 120, 137, 153-4, 192-3, 195-6 losses of, 177, 196-7, 199, 207, 213-14, 222-4, 249 method of infantry advance of, 88-9 Siberian regiments of, 35-6 spirit of, 19-20, 24, 33-4, 41-4, 54, 58, 60-1, 64-6, 98-9, 125, 133, 228, 259, 261 treatment of prisoners by, 24, 174 winter kit of, 87 wounded of, stoicism of, 64-6, 133-4, 222-3 Peasants and people of-- attitude to war, 10, 11, 53, 68-78, 88, 199, 259 characteristics of, 7, 8, 120, 125, 128

Russo-British Chamber of Commerce, work of, 11

Ruthenian troops, the, 30, 179

Ruzsky, General, 27

Rzepeinik, advance on, 274-5

Rzeszow, 226, 227

San River, Austrian advance to, 282

----, defence of, 228-34, 236-41, 247-8, 250-7

----, fight for, 26, 114, 177, 179, 197

----, German tactics at, 232

----, line of, 28-9, 35, 59, 62, 65

----, passages of, 48

----, Russian retreat to, 227, 244

----, Russian Retreat from, 257-8

Sandomir, 61

Saxony, King of, 45

Sazonov, Mr., 3, 10

Schiller, 146

Sczydlowiecki family, monuments of, 54

Sekow, bombardment of, 267

----, fight at, 263

Seniawa, Russian advance on, 251, 282

Serbia, 2, 3, 7, 109, 247

Shchepkin, Mr., 14

Shingarev, Dr., 63

Silesia, southern, population of, 61

Skiernewice, 38, 40, 41, 44

Skobelev, 39

Slovaks, the, 161

Slovenes, the, 24

Sochaczew, 38, 41

Stakhovich, Mr., 25, 74

Surrey Hills, 1, 2, 186, 187

Suvorov, 247

Swedes, the, 9

Szydlowiec, 49, 54

Tarnow, bombardment of, 106-7, 110-11, 155-7, 214-15

----, fighting at, 81-2

----, hospital scenes at, 82-6, 155-6

----, journey to, 79-81

----, Russian lines outside, 92-5

Taslo, visit to, 173-5

Thüringerwald Mountains, the, 161

Tikhon, Father, 99-101, 103, 105

Tirolese, the, 131, 132

Tisza, Count, 163, 176

Tolstoy, Count, 167

Transylvania, 162

Trubetskoy, Princess O., 15

Tryphon, Bishop, 100, 101

Tuchow, 280

Turkey, 89

Uhland, 146

Verdun, 216

Vilna, 16, 17

Vistula River, crossing of, 249

----, Middle, 28-9, 35, 48

----, Upper, 46

Volkonsky, Prince, 63

"_V. S._," 89-92

Wagram, 32

Warsaw, 28, 35-7, 45, 48, 51, 59

"War Song-book for the German Army, 1914," the, 145-7

Wells, H. G., 164, 257

"_Wiggins_," 136-9, 158, 163

William II, Kaiser, 7, 109, 202, 231, 254

Wisloka, 59

Wislok River, the, 276-8

Wyzjowa, 276, 277

Zemstva, 12-13

Zemstvo League, 14, 234

---- ----, Red Cross Staff of, 77-8, 80-1, 234-5

Zwiedzinicz, artillery duel at, 281

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Colonel Podymov was himself killed later, while defending the San line against an overwhelming force of artillery. Peace to him, and honour to his memory.

[2] In Bohemia.

[3] One Austrian regiment usually had twenty-four to thirty-two machine guns.

[4] Haphazard firing in the Russian trenches is not encouraged.

[5] The Russians were always masters of the neutral zone at night, and took many enemy scouting parties, often with ludicrously inferior numbers. The Russians planned and executed new enterprises every night. They never fired unless it was necessary.

[6] This was usual among the enemy at all points which I visited. The sentry had orders to retreat at the first alarm, and in some parts none of the enemy came any nearer to our trenches.

[7] This firing was ordinarily wild and general. It seldom took any effect, and our men did not reply to it, not wishing to give the desired information as to the whereabouts and strength of our forces.

[8] The first allusion to the projected Austro-German advance through Galicia.

[9] Previous to this Austrian prisoners interrogated by me bore witness to widespread enteric and to shortage of food. Cholera came to us from the Austrians during their advance, but was quickly isolated.

[10] The numbers were enormous. In our interrogations we usually had to distinguish between "Did you surrender?" and "Did you come across of yourselves?" The mass surrenders of Austrians took the following order in respect of nationalities: Serbians and Bosnians, Ruthenians, Rumanians and Italians, Poles, Czechs, and later in lesser numbers, Magyars, and Germans of Austria proper, last of all Tirolese; and Croats, not at all.

[11] Evidently Austrian deserters.

[12] On our side there were always plenty of volunteers to catch "a tongue," or person who could talk. No prizes were offered.

[13] This is typical of the mutual relations which I witnessed.

[14] These frequent references to officers going off to hospital without mention of any wound or illness would be difficult to parallel on the Russian side. One Russian officer's principle was "You may be killed, but you mayn't be ill."

[15] Gorlice is the point from which later the Austro-German advance began.

[16] The Russian soldiers cannot get any stimulants and Russian officers very seldom. The Staff of our Army was teetotal throughout.

[17] The universal desire of all our Austrian prisoners, also of most of the Germans.

[18] For Easter.

[19] There are throughout several references to the accuracy of the Russian fire, which was nothing like so sporadic as the enemy's.

[20] A verdict given to me several times by Austrian prisoners. One of our men escaped from the Honveds with his tongue cut out for not giving information. I have seen old peasants who had been shot by the Honveds.

[21] This almost isolated reference to Russian prisoners is suggestive.

[22] The Austrian infantry seldom did so.

[23] I have seen nothing like this attitude on the Russian side, even where our trenches were sixty or even twenty-five yards from those of the enemy.

[24] For weeks before, the Austrian officers tried to keep up the spirits of the men by this promise.

[25] About 240 heavy and 160 field artillery.

[26] This is the ordinary advance into an empty space when all trenches and all life has been destroyed by the enemy's artillery.

[27] This circumspection should be noted; this is the day of one of the greatest Russian losses.

[28] This was my general experience when retreating with the troops in front of the writer.

[29] This was the state of Tuchow before all this fighting; there had now been another terrible artillery canonnade.

[30] Austrian prisoners say that the hardest fighting is in Serbia.

[31] _Cf. supra_, p. 251.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:

Text in italics is surrounded by underscores: _italics_.

Emboldened text is surrounded with equals signs: =bold=.

Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.

Inconsistencies in spelling, hyphenation, and punctuation have been preserved.