Chapter 4

Republican licensers, 223; his Areopagitica, 225; a passage in his History of England suppressed, but preserved in a pamphlet, 448; his Comus escaped the destruction of the Bridgewater papers, 451; the story of him and the Italian lady, probably an invention of George Steevens, iii. 299; copied from a French story purporting to be of the 15th century, 300.

MILLINERS'bills, ancient and modern, ii. 39.

MIMES, Arch-mime followed the body of Vespasian at his funeral, iii. 120.

MIMI, an impudent race of buffoons, ii. 120; harlequin, a Roman mime, 121, and note.

MINISTERS, origin of the term as applied to the pastors of Christian churches, i. 128; palaces built by, notices of several, iii. 186-192; Sir Robert Walpole's remarks on the imprudence of their erecting such, 193; yet builds one himself, ib.

MINSTRELS, ancient and modern, pickpockets, ii. 146, note.

MISHNA, see TALMUD.

MISSALS, gross adornments of, i. 366.

MODERN stories and plots, many derived from the East, i. 111, 112.

MODES of salutation in various nations, ii. 12.

MONK, General, anecdote of him and his wife, i. 468; his conduct towards Charles II. at his landing, iii. 389.

MONTAGU, Lady Mary Wortley, suppression of her MSS., ii. 450.

MONTFLEURY, a French actor, death of, i. 248.

MONTLUC, Bishop of Valence, his negotiations for the election of the Duke of Anjou as King of Poland, iii. 349-362.

MORALIITIES, see MYSTERIES and MORALITIES.

MORALITY of "Every Man," referred by Percy to the class of tragedy, ii. 278.

MORE, Doctor, his extravagant Platonic opinions, i. 216.

MORUS, controversy of Salmasius with Milton, continued by, with mutual abuse, i. 153.

MUSIC, use of, in discovering indispositions by the voice, i. 151; influence of, in the cure of diseases, 269-271; effect of, on animals, 272-274.

MUTILATIONS commonly practised in the middle ages, ii. 311.

MYSTERIES, ANCIENT, bibliographical note of such as are printed, i. 352, note; one still performed in Bavaria, i. 360, note.

MYSTERIES and Moralities introduced by pilgrims, i. 352; subsequently distinguished characters actors in, 353; performed in open plains, ib.; indulgence granted to frequenters of, ib.; at Chester, ib.; singular anecdotes concerning a mystery, 354; specimens from French mysteries, 355; observations of Bayle and Warton on, 357; distinguished from each other, ib.; specimen of a morality, 358; moralities allegorical dramas, ib.; passion of René d'Anjou for, 360; triple stage used for representation of, 361; anecdote relating to an English mystery, ib.; morality of "Love and Folly," 362; at Kendal, Yorkshire, iii. 442; usually performed in the festival of Corpus Christi, ib., note.

NAMES, anecdotes relating to, and to their effect on mankind, ii. 65-75; orthography of proper, ii. 237-239; names of our streets, 239-243.

NAMES, significance of Roman, ii. 75, note.

NARDI, his history of Florence, iii. 181.

NATURAL PRODUCTIONS resembling artificial compositions, i. 244-246.

NEAL, his account of the Nonconformists, iii. 240.

NEEDHAM, Marchmont, the great patriarch of newspaper writers, i. 158; short account of, ib.

NEOLOGY, or the novelty of new words and phrases, remarks on, iii. 23; Neological Dictionary proposed by Lord Chesterfield, 26; not always to be condemned, 27; examples of the introduction of various new words in French and English, 28-32; the term "fatherland" introduced by the author, 31; picturesque words, 32.

NERLI, Philip, his "_Commentarj de Fatti Civili_," iii. 182.

NEWCASTLE, Margaret, Duchess of, celebrated among literary wives, i. 327-337; her account of her husband's mode of life, ii. 38, 39.

NEWSPAPERS, forged, and used unsuspectingly by historians, i. 156, note.

NEWSPAPERS, originated in Italy, i. 155; called Gazettas, ib.; first a Venetian, published monthly, ib.; circulated in manuscript, ib.; prohibited by Gregory XIII., ib.; first English, 156; much used by the English during the Civil Wars of Cromwell, and notices of these, 157-159; origin of, in France, 160; first daily one after the Restoration, ib.; only one daily, in the reign of Queen Anne, ib.; union between them and literary periodicals, opinions expressed on, ib.

NEWTON, remarks on, iii. 413.

NICCOLI, Nicholas, founded the first public library in Italy, i. 4.

NICKNAMES, use of, practised by political parties, iii. 80; instances of many, 81-89; serve to heat the minds of the people, 83; of various Parliaments, 85; effect of, on ministers, 89.

NOBILITY, conduct of kings towards, ii. 11, 12.

NOBLEMEN turned critics, pair of anecdotes concerning, i. 131.

NOMINALISTS and Realists, i. 312.

NOSTRODAMUS, consulted by Catherine de' Medici, i. 279.

NOVELS, the successors of romances, i. 450; Adam Smith's favourable opinion of, ib.

NUMERICAL Figures, of Indian origin, i. 276; introduction of Arabic, 277; Roman, ib.; origin of Roman, ib.; falsification of Arabic, 278.

OBSCURITY, in style, taught by a professor, i. 401; Lycophron possessed this taste, 402; defence of, by Thomas Anglus, ib.; Gravina's observations on, ib.

OLD AGE, progress of, in new studies, i. 98; remark of Adam Smith, on resumption of former studies in, ib.

OLDYS, a literary antiquary, iii. 493; caricature of, by Grose, 495; released from the fleet by the Duke of Norfolk, and made Norroy King at Arms, ib., and note; author of the anacreontic, "Busy, curious, thirsty fly," 496; placed in the library of the Earl of Oxford, 497; his integrity, ib., and note; his literary labours, 497-499; his life of Rawleigh, 499; history of his two annotated copies of Langbaine, 502; fate of his MSS., 503; his diaries, 504; his readiness to aid others with his knowledge, 506; his Dissertation on English Poetry curtailed by the bookseller, 507; extracts from his diaries, 508-511; his intended Life of Shakspeare, 509; anecdote of him and Pope, 511.

OLIVETAN Bible, iii. 155.

OPINIONS, suppressed, modes of expressing them in ancient and modern times, iii. 150; in the Saturnalia, ib.; by carvings and illuminations, 152; preceding the Reformation, 153; instance of the Olivetan Bible, 155; by medals and prints, 156.

ORCHIS, Bee and Fly, i. 245.

ORDEALS, i. 161-166.

ORDINARIES, the "Hells" of the 17th century, ii. 165; description of the arts practised at, 165-167.

OROBIO, his description of his imprisonment in the Inquisition, i. 167.

ORTHOGRAPHY of proper names, ii. 261; of the name of Shakespeare, ii. 238, note; of Sir Walter Raleigh, iii. 111.

OSMAN, Sultan, promotes his gardener, ii. 10.

OXFORD, Edward Vere, Earl of, his secret history, ii. 243-245.

PALACES built by ministers, iii. 186-192.

PALINGENESIS.--See REGENERATION.

PALMER, the actor, his death, i. 249.

PAMPHLETS, sketch of Myles Davis's history of, i. 343; origin and rise of, 344; one pretended to have been composed by Jesus Christ, ib.; Alexander Pope denounced as a plotter in a, 345; etymologies of the word, 345-347.

PANTOMIME, French verses in praise of, and translation of, ii. 116; Cervantes and Bayle's delight in, 116, 117; harlequin, 119; of the lower Italians in their gestures, ib.; treatises on, 121; transmitted from the Romans, 123; improvement of, by Ruzzante, 124; the history of a people traced in, 125; description of the various characters in Italian, 126.

PANTOMIMI, tragic actors usually mute, ii. 120; Seneca's taste for, ib.; their influence over the Roman people, 121.

PANTOMIMICAL Characters. See PANTOMIME; Massinger and Molière indebted to, ii. 138; remarks on Shakspeare's "Pantaloon," 139.

PAPER, among the ancients, ii. 27, 28; introduction into England, 29; various sorts of modern, ib.

PARACELSUS, his receipt for making a fairy, iii. 286, 287.

PARADISE LOST, prose and verse versions of, i. 305.

PARISIAN Massacre, apology for, iii. 255-260, 352.

PARK, Mungo, his book interpolated and altered by his editor, Bryan Edwards, ii. 453.

PARKER, Bishop of Oxford, iii. 279, note.

PARODIES, anecdote relating to, ii. 453; resembles mimicry, 454; not made in derision, ib.; practised by the ancients, 455; ancient, of Homer, ib.; modern, 456; dramatic, anecdotes of modern, 458-460; legitimate use of, ib.

PARPAILLOTS, or Parpirolles, iii. 82.

PARTICULAR Providence, various opinions on, ii. 428-431; the granting a free-conduct to Luther, by Charles V., possibly one, 432.

PASQUIN and Marforio, account of, i. 208.

PASQUINADES, origin of, and instances of several, i. 208.

PATRONS, their treatment of authors, i. 82; anecdotes regarding, 83, 84; opinion of Dr. Johnson upon, 83.

PAULUS JOVIUS, description of the country-house and collections of statues, books, and portraits belonging to, i. 45; description of the villa built by, iii. 397.

PAZZI, Cavaliero, founder of the Accademia Colombaria, ii. 483.

PEG-TANKARDS, ii. 296, and note.

PEIRESC, a man of incessant literary occupations, and an enthusiast in the importation of exotic plants, ii. 151; anecdotes of, iii. 409.

PEMBROKE, Anne, Countess of, designed a history of her family, iii. 421.

PERFUMERY and costly washes, introduced into England by the Earl of Oxford, i. 225.

PETITIONS, to Parliament against the Drama, ii. 289; mock, ib.

PETITIONERS and Abhorrers, iii. 87.

PETRACH, formula used at his coronation with the Laurel Crown, i. 455; his passion for literary composition, ii. 592; his Laura, iii. 309.

PICTORIAL Biography.--See MAGIUS.

PISISTRATUS, the first projector amongst the Greeks of a collection of the works of the learned, i. 2.

PHILIP the First of Spain, i. 469; his marriage with Mary of England, ib.; sought Queen Elizabeth in marriage, 470; offered himself to three different sisters-in-law, ib.; his advice to his son, ib.; his death-bed, ib.; his epitaph, 471.

PHILOSOPHY, dreams at the dawn of, iii. 280-290; mechanical fancies, 291, 292; inquiries after prodigies, 293; further anecdotes of, 294-296.

PHYSIOGNOMY, credited by Louis XIV. and James I., i. 148, 149.

PICART, his _impostures innocentes_, i. 259.

PICTURES belonging to Charles I., ii. 332, 333.

PINAMONTI, his book on the eternal punishments, i. 204, note.

PINELLI, his great library, and its partial destruction, i. 57, and note.

PLAGIARISM, in printed sermons, i. 400; a professor of, ib.

PLANTS, presenting representations of natural forms, i. 245.

PLANTYN the printer, and his office at Antwerp, i. 77, note.

PLATINA, his account of his persecution and tortures, for having been a member of the "Academy" at Rome, ii. 486.

PLATO, Aristotle studied under, i. 143; parallel between him and Aristotle, ib.; contest between him and Aristotle, 144; the model of the moderns who profess to be anti-poetical, 433; a true poet himself, ib.

PLATONISM, modern, originated among the Italians, i. 213; system of, by Gemisthus Pletho, ib.; professed by a Mr. Thomas Taylor, 215; by a scholar in the reign of Louis XII., 216; by Dr. More, ib.

PLETHO, or Gemisthus, a remarkable modern professor of Platonism, i. 213.

PLATTS or Plots, theatrical discovery of curious ones at Dulwich College, and remarks upon, ii. 138-140; see SCENARIO.

PLOTT, Dr., his project of a tour, iii. 292.

PLUNDER, etymology of, iii. 87, and note.

POETS, Plato's description of the feelings of, in the Phædon, i. 433; opinions of various learned men on the works of, 433; remarks on the habits of, 434, 435; behaviour of Frederic King of Prussia (father of the Great Frederic) to, 436; different conduct of other kings towards, 437; honours paid to, in the early stage of poetry, ib.; anecdote of Margaret of Scotland and Alain the poet, 438; opinions of the pious on the works of, ib.; too frequently merely poets, 439; hints to young, 440; to veteran, ib.; mistresses of, 441; change their opinions of their productions, ib.; antiquity of the custom of crowning, 454; abolished in the reign of Theodosius, ib.; regal, 457; condemned, ii. 303-308; laureat, see LAUREATS.

POETICAL GARLAND, i. 247.

POETICAL imitations and similarities, ii. 92-113.

POINT-DEVICE, etymology of, iii. 188, and note.

POLAND, history of the election of the Duke of Anjou as King of, iii. 346-363.

POLICHINELLO.--See PUNCH.

POLITIAN, Angelo, a polished Italian writer of the 15th century, i. 457; his dedicatory epistle, prefixed to his epistles, 458.

POLITICAL Nicknames, iii. 80-90.

POLITICAL Reports, false maxim on the efficacy of, ii. 438; ancient instances, ib.; of the battle of Lutzen, 439; on the battle of the Boyne, ib.; other anecdotes, modern and ancient, of the effect of, 440-443.

POLITICAL Religionism, illustrations of its effects, iii. 238-244.

POLITICAL Prognostics.--See PREDICTIONS. Dugdale hastened his labours in anticipation of the disorders of the Rebellion, iii. 261.

POLITICAL Parallels, iii. 267.

POLYDORE VERGIL, a destroyer of MSS., ii. 445.

POMPONIUS LÆTUS, in the 15th century raised altars to Romulus, ii. 485; chief of the "Academy" at Rome, 486.

POPE, his manuscripts, ii. 110; passage from, with the various alterations, 111, 112; Dr. Johnson's memorandum of hints for the life of, 381; anecdote of, iii. 397.

POPE, project of the, for placing a cardinal on the throne of England, ii. 505; favoured by Henry IV., ib.

POPES, their early humility and subsequent arrogance, ii. 83; Celestine kicks off the crown of the Emperor Henry the Sixth, ib.; their infallibility first asserted, ib.; protest of the University of Vienna against, 84; their excommunications, ib.

PORTA, John Baptiste and John Vincent, found the academy "Degli Oziosi," ii. 488; Baptiste's mechanical genius, iii. 290.

PORTRAITS, of authors, of celebrated men, i. 42-47; of the Fugger family, 6; commonly prefixed to ancient manuscripts, 42; collections of, amongst the ancients, 43; query upon the mode of their transmission and their correctness, ib.; use of, ib.; anecdotes relative to the effect of, 45; objections of ingenious men to sit for, reprobated, 46; Granger's illustrations of, 45; Perrault's "Eloges" confined to French, ib.; collection by Paulus Jovius, ib.; doubts as to authenticity of several, ib.; literary, of himself, by St. Evremond, 102; in minute writing, 275.

PORT ROYAL SOCIETY, the, i. 94; their Logic, or The Art of Thinking, an admirable work, ib.; account of its rise and progress, 95; many families of rank erected houses there, ib.; persecuted and destroyed by the Jesuits, 96; their writings fixed the French language, ib.

POSIES on rings, iii. 39, note.

POVERTY, abridgment of history of, by Morin, i. 198; regulations regarding, among the Jews, ib.; among the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians, 199; uncommon among the ancients, 201; introduction of hospitals for the relief of, ib.

PRAYER-BOOKS, gross illustrations of, i. 366.

PREACHERS, jocular, i. 251-258.

PREDICTION, political and moral, determined by certain prognostics,