Chapter 17

Spring's "Non-Technical Talks on Iron and Steel" (Stokes) is a model of popular science writing, clear, comprehensive and abundantly illustrated. Tilden's "Chemical Discovery in the Twentieth Century" must here again be referred to. The Encyclopedia Britannica is convenient for reference on the various metals mentioned; see the article on "Lighting" for the Welsbach burner. The annual "Mineral Resources of the United States, Part I," contains articles on the newer metals by Frank W. Hess; see "Tungsten" in the volume for 1914, also Bulletin No. 652, U.S. Geological Survey, by same author. _Foote-Notes_, the house organ of the Foote Mineral Company, Philadelphia, gives information on the rare elements. Interesting advertising literature may be obtained from the Titantium Alloy Manufacturing Company, Niagara Falls, N.Y.; Duriron Castings Company, Dayton, O.; Buffalo Foundry and Machine Company, Buffalo, N.Y., manufacturers of "Buflokast" acid-proof apparatus, and similar concerns. The following additional references may be useful: Stellite alloys in _Jour. Ind. & Eng. Chem._, v. 9, p. 974; Rossi's work on titantium in same journal, Feb., 1918; Welsbach mantles in _Journal Franklin Institute_, v. 14, p. 401, 585; pure alloys in _Trans. Amer. Electro-Chemical Society_, v. 32, p. 269; molybdenum in _Engineering_, 1917, or _Scientific American Supplement_, Oct. 20, 1917; acid-resisting iron in _Sc. Amer. Sup._, May 31, 1919; ferro-alloys in _Jour. Ind. & Eng. Chem._, v. 10, p. 831; influence of vanadium, etc., on iron, in _Met. Chem. Eng._, v. 15, p. 530; tungsten in _Engineering_, v. 104, p. 214.

INDEX

Abrasives, 249-251 Acetanilid, 87 Acetone, 125, 154, 243, 245 Acetylene, 30, 154, 240-248, 257, 307, 308 Acheson, 249 Air, liquefied, 33 Alcohol, ethyl, 101, 102, 127, 174, 190-194, 242-244, 305 methyl, 101, 102, 127, 191 Aluminum, 31, 246-248, 255, 272, 284 Ammonia, 27, 29, 31, 33, 56, 64, 250 American dye industry, 82 Aniline dyes, 60-92 Antiseptics, 86, 87 Argon, 16 Art and nature, 8, 9, 170, 173 Artificial silk, 116, 118, 119 Aspirin, 84 Atomic theory, 293-296, 299 Aylesworth, 140

Baekeland, 137 Baeyer, Adolf von, 77 Bakelite, 138, 303 Balata, 159 Bauxite, 31 Beet sugar, 165, 169, 305 Benzene formula, 67, 301, 101 Berkeley, 61 Berthelot, 7, 94 Birkeland-Eyde process, 26 Bucher process, 32 Butter, 201, 208

Calcium, 246, 253 Calcium carbide, 30, 339 Camphor, 100, 131 Cane sugar, 164, 167, 177, 180, 305 Carbolic acid, 18, 64, 84, 101, 102, 137 Carborundum, 249-251 Caro and Frank process, 30 Casein, 142 Castner, 246 Catalyst, 28, 204 Celluloid, 128-135, 302 Cellulose, 110-127, 129, 137, 302 Cellulose acetate, 118, 120, 302 Cerium, 288-290 Chemical warfare, 218-235, 307 Chlorin, 224, 226, 250 Chlorophyll, 267 Chlorpicrin, 224, 226 Chromicum, 278, 280 Coal, distillation of, 60, 64, 70, 84, 301 Coal tar colors, 60-92 Cochineal, 79 Coconut oil, 203, 211-215, 306 Collodion, 117, 123, 130 Cologne, eau de, 107 Copra, 203, 211-215, 306 Corn oil, 183, 305 Cotton, 112, 120, 129, 197 Cocain, 88 Condensite, 141 Cordite, 18, 19 Corn products, 181-195, 305 Coslett process, 273 Cottonseed oil, 201 Cowles, 248 Creative chemistry, 7 Crookes, Sir William, 292, 299 Curie, Madame, 292 Cyanamid, 30, 35, 299 Cyanides, 32

Diamond, 259-261, 308 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 221 Drugs, synthetic, 6, 84, 301 Duisberg, 151 Dyestuffs, 60-92

Edison, 84, 141 Ehrlich, 86, 87 Electric furnace, 236-262, 307

Fats, 196-217, 306 Fertilizers, 37, 41, 43, 46, 300 Flavors, synthetic, 93-109 Food, synthetic, 94 Formaldehyde, 136, 142 Fruit flavors, synthetic, 99, 101

Galalith, 142 Gas masks, 223, 226, 230, 231 Gerhardt, 6, 7 Glucose, 137, 184-189, 194, 305 Glycerin, 194, 203 Goldschmidt, 256 Goodyear, 161 Graphite, 258 Guayule, 159, 304 Guncotton, 17, 117, 125, 130 Gunpowder, 14, 15, 22, 234 Gutta percha, 159

Haber process, 27, 28 Hall, C.H., 247 Hare, Robert, 237, 245, 307 Harries, 149 Helium, 236 Hesse, 70, 72, 90 Hofmann, 72, 80 Huxley, 10 Hyatt, 128, 129, 303 Hydrogen, 253-255 Hydrogenation of oils, 202-205, 306

Indigo, 76, 79 Iron, 236, 253, 262-270, 308 Isoprene, 136, 146, 149, 150, 154

Kelp products, 53, 142 Kekulé's dream, 66, 301

Lard substitutes, 209 Lavoisier, 6 Leather substitutes, 124 Leucite, 53 Liebig, 38 Linseed oil, 202, 205, 270

Magnesium, 283 Maize products, 181-196, 305 Manganese, 278 Margarin, 207-212, 307 Mauve, discovery of, 74 Mendeléef, 285, 291 Mercerized cotton, 115 Moissan, 259 Molybdenum, 283, 308 Munition manufacture in U.S., 33, 224, 299, 307 Mushet, 279 Musk, synthetic, 96, 97, 106 Mustard gas, 224, 227-229

Naphthalene, 4, 142, 154 Nature and art, 8-13, 118, 122, 133 Nitrates, Chilean, 22, 24, 30, 36 Nitric acid derivatives, 20 Nitrocellulose, 17, 117 Nitrogen, in explosives, 14, 16, 117, 299 fixation, 24, 25, 29, 299 Nitro-glycerin, 18, 117, 214 Nobel, 18, 117

Oils, 196-217, 306 Oleomargarin, 207-212, 307 Orange blossoms, 99, 100 Osmium, 28 Ostwald, 29, 55 Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, 246

Paper, 111, 132 Parker process, 273 Peanut oil, 206, 211, 214, 306 Perfumery, Art of, 103-108 Perfumes, synthetic, 93-109, 302 Perkin, W.H., 148 Perkin, Sir William, 72, 80, 102 Pharmaceutical chemistry, 6, 85-88 Phenol, 18, 64, 84, 101, 102, 137 Phonograph records, 84, 141 Phosphates, 56-59 Phosgene, 224, 225 Photographic developers, 88 Picric acid, 18, 84, 85, 226 Platinum, 28, 278, 280, 284, 286 Plastics, synthetic, 128-143 Pneumatic tires, 162 Poisonous gases in warfare, 218-235, 307 Potash, 37, 45-56, 300 Priestley, 150, 160 Purple, royal, 75, 79 Pyralin, 132, 133 Pyrophoric alloys, 290 Pyroxylin, 17, 127, 125, 130

Radium, 291, 295 Rare earths, 286-288, 308 Redmanol, 140 Remsen, Ira, 178 Refractories, 251-252 Resins, synthetic, 135-143 Rose perfume, 93, 96, 97, 99, 105 Rubber, natural, 155-161, 304 synthetic, 136, 145-163, 304 Rumford, Count, 160 Rust, protection from, 262-275

Saccharin, 178, 179 Salicylic acid, 88, 101 Saltpeter, Chilean, 22, 30, 36, 42 Schoop process, 272 Serpek process, 31 Silicon, 249, 253 Smell, sense of, 97, 98, 103, 109 Smith, Provost, 237, 245, 307 Smokeless powder, 15 Sodium, 148, 238, 247 Soil chemistry, 38, 39 Soy bean, 142, 211, 217, 306 Starch, 137, 184, 189, 190 Stassfort salts, 47, 49, 55 Stellites, 280, 308 Sugar, 164-180, 304 Sulfuric acid, 57

Tantalum, 282 Terpenes, 100, 154 Textile industry, 5, 112, 121, 300 Thermit, 256 Thermodynamics, Second law of, 145 Three periods of progress, 3 Tin plating, 271 Tilden, 146, 298 Titanium, 278, 308 TNT, 19, 21, 84, 299 Trinitrotoluol, 19, 21, 84, 299 Tropics, value of, 96, 156, 165, 196, 206, 213, 216 Tungsten, 257, 277, 281, 308

Uranium, 28

Vanadium, 277, 280, 308 Vanillin, 103 Violet perfume, 100 Viscose, 116 Vitamines, 211 Vulcanization, 161

Welding, 256 Welsbach burner, 287-289, 308 Wheat problem, 43, 299 Wood, distillation of, 126, 127 Wood pulp, 112, 120, 303

Ypres, Use of gases at, 221

Zinc plating, 271

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] I am quoting mostly Unstead's figures from the _Geographical Journal_ of 1913. See also Dickson's "The Distribution of Mankind," in Smithsonian Report, 1913.

[2] United States Abstract of Census of Manufactures, 1914, p. 34.

[3] United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 505.