CHAPTER XI.
STATE SOCIALISM.
_1. State Socialism and English Economics._
M. Léon Say on State Socialism, 345--State Property and State Industries in Germany, 345--Mr. Goschen and others on Change in English Opinion regarding State Intervention, 346--Their Views Exaggerated and undiscriminating, 347--Little done in England in Nationalizing Industries, 348--Much done in enlarging Popular Rights, 349--English Thinkers never Believers in _Laissez-faire_, 351--Except Mr. H. Spencer, 352--Adam Smith's "Simple and Obvious System of Natural Liberty," 353--His Theory of Social Politics, 356--Ricardo's Views, 359--McCulloch's, 360--On the Manufacturing System, 362--On Crises, 363--On Irish Pauper Labour, 364--On Factory Legislation, 366--On Housing the Poor, 366--On the Poor Law, 368--The So-called Manchester School, 372--The English Theory of Social Politics, 373.
_2. The Nature and Principle of State Socialism._
Different Definitions of Socialism, 374--Origin and Meaning of State Socialism, 379--The Social Monarchists, 380--Rodbertus, 380--His Theory of Social Politics, 381--M. de Laveleye and Establishment of Equality of Conditions, 384--Alleged Disinheritance of the People from the Primitive Economic Rights, 385--Mr. Chamberlain's Doctrine of "Ransom," 386--Professor A. Wagner's State Socialism, 387.
_3. State Socialism and Social Reform._
Cobden's Praise of the Prussian Government for its Social Work, 393--Property, a Requisite of Progress, not of Freedom, 394--Limits of Legitimate Intervention, 395--Short Definition of State Socialism, 399--Error of Plea for State Socialism as Extinguisher of Chance, 399--As Saving the Waste from Competition, 400--Wastefulness of Socialism, 401--As shown in Samoa, 401--In England under Old Poor Law, 402--In Brook Farm, 402--Idleness the Destroyer of the American Owenite and Fourierist Communities, 403--Idleness, the Great Difficulty in the Shaker and Rappist Communities, 405--"Old Slug," 406--Contentment with Squalid Conditions, 407--Special Liability to Mismanagement, 408.
_4. State Socialism and State Management._
Natural Qualities and Defects of State as Industrial Manager, 409--Post Office, 410--Dockyards, 410--Forestry, 412--Mint and other Forms of Attesting, 412--Monopolies, 413--Municipal Management of Gas and Water Supply, 413--Land Nationalization, 414--State Railways, 415--State Insurance in New Zealand, 417--Results of Joint-Stock Management and Private Management in Massachusetts, 417.
_5. State Socialism and Popular Right._
Why Impracticable Legislation is Socialistic, 418--Rule of Intervention for Realizing Rights, 419--Right to Existence, 421--Right to Superannuation, 421--Right to Labour, 423--Problem of the Unemployed, 425--Free Education, Libraries, Parks, 427--Where Stop? 427--Legal Fixing of Prices, as in Fares and Rates, 428--Of Fair Rent, 429--Of Fair Wages, 430--Compulsory Arbitration, 430--Legal Minimum Wages, 431--Sweating System and Starvation Wages, 432--International Compulsory Eight Hours Day, 434.