Chapter 5

Born at Canandaigua, New York, 1883. Both his parents were Congregationalist preachers. A.B., Williams College, 1905. From 1907 to 1911, associate in philosophy at Columbia. In 1911, began to give his entire time to studying and writing about the problems of economic inequality. In 1913, became editor of _The Masses_, a periodical which voiced his theories, and which in 1917 became _The Liberator_.

In his _Enjoyment of Poetry_, Mr. Eastman shows in an interesting way how poetry can be made to contribute to the enrichment of life.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Child of the Amazons and Other Poems. 1913. The Enjoyment of Poetry. 1913. Journalism Versus Art. 1916. Understanding Germany. 1916. The Colors of Life. 1918. The Sense of Humor. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Countryside M. 23 ('16): 273 (portrait). Cur. Op. 55 ('13): 126 (portrait). Dial, 65 ('18): 611 (Louis Untermeyer); 66 ('19): 146. (Arturo Giovannitti.) Harp. W. 57 ('13): June 7, p. 20. Lit. Digest, 54 ('17): 71 (portrait). New Repub. 9 ('17): 303. (Hackett.) Poetry, 2 ('13): 140; 3 ('13): 31; 13 ('19): 322. Survey, 30 ('13): 489.

+Walter Prichard Eaton+--critic, essayist.

Born at Malden, Massachusetts, 1878. A.B., Harvard, 1900. Dramatic critic on the _New York Tribune_, 1902-7, and the _New York Sun_, 1907-8, and on the _American Magazine_, 1909-18.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The American Stage of Today. 1908. At the New Theatre and Others. 1910. Barn Doors and Byways. 1913. The Man Who Found Christmas. 1913. The Idyl of Twin Fires. 1915. New York. 1915. Plays and Players. 1916. Green Trails and Upland Pastures. 1917. Newark. 1917. Echoes and Realities. 1918. (Poems.) In Berkshire Fields. 1919. On the Edge of the Wilderness. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 28 ('09): 412; 29 ('09): 473. (Portraits). Country Life, 25 ('14): Jan., p. 110 (portrait). Lit. Digest, 53, ('16): 1711 (portrait).

+"Albert Edwards."+ See _Arthur Bullard_.

+T(homas) S(tearns) Eliot+--poet, critic.

Born at St. Louis, Missouri, 1888. A.B., Harvard, 1909; A.M., 1910. Studied at the Sorbonne, Paris, and at Merton College, Oxford. Teacher and lecturer in London since 1913.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Is Mr. Eliot's poetry derived from a keen sense of life experienced or from literature? What echoes of earlier poets do you find in his work?

2. Does the adjective _distinguished_ apply to his work? What are the sources of his distinction? What evidences of fresh vision of old things do you find? of unexpected and true associations and contrasts? of a delicate sense for essential details that make a picture? of the power of suggestive condensation? of ability to get an emotional effect through irony?

3. Consider the following quotation from Mr. Eliot as illuminative of his method of work: "The contemplation of the horrid or sordid by the artist is the necessary and negative aspect of the impulse toward beauty."

4. It is interesting to make a special study of Mr. Eliot's management of verse.

5. What, if any, temperamental defect is likely to interfere with his development?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Poems. 1920. The Sacred Wood. Essays on Poetry and Criticism. 1921. The Waste Land. 1922. Also in: The Little Review, 4 ('17): May, June, September.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Ath. 1920, 1: 239. Dial, 68 ('20): 781; 70 ('21): 336. Freeman, 1 ('20): 381; 2 ('21): 593. (Conrad Aiken.) Lond. Times, June 13, 1919: 322; Dec. 2, 1920: 795. Nation, 110 ('20): 856. Poetry, 10 ('17): 264; 16 ('20): 157; 17 ('21): 345. New Statesman, 16 ('21): 418. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1920, 1921.

+John Erskine+--essayist, poet.

Born in New York City, 1879. A.B., Columbia, 1900; A.M., 1901; Ph.D., 1903. Taught English at Amherst and Columbia. Since 1916, professor at Columbia. Co-editor of the _Cambridge History of American Literature_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Moral Obligation to be Intelligent, and Other Essays. 1915. The Shadowed Hour. 1917. (Poems.) Democracy and Ideals, a Definition. 1920. The Kinds of Poetry, and Other Essays. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Dial, 70 ('21): 347. Outlook, 126 ('20): 377 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1920.

+Theodosia Faulks (Theodosia Garrison: Mrs. Frederic J. Faulks)+--poet.

Born at Newark, New Jersey, 1874. Educated in private schools.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Joy o' Life and Other Poems. 1909. Earth Cry and Other Poems. 1910. The Dreamers. 1917.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 16 ('02): 16 (portrait); 47 ('18): 398. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1917, 1921.

+Edna Ferber+--short-story writer, novelist.

Born at Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1887. Educated in the public and high schools of Appleton, Wisconsin. Began newspaper work at seventeen as reporter on the _Appleton Daily Crescent_. Later, employed on the _Milwaukee Journal_ and the _Chicago Tribune_.

Miss Ferber's special contribution to American Literature thus far has been through her studies of American women in business.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dawn O'Hara. 1911. Buttered Side Down. 1912. Roast Beef Medium. 1913. Personality Plus. 1914. Emma McChesney & Co. 1915. Fanny Herself. 1917. Cheerful--By Request. 1918. Half Portions. 1920. $1200 a Year. 1920. (Comedy.) The Girls. 1921. (Novel.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.

Bookm. 54 ('21): 393; 54 ('22): 434 (portrait), 582. Cur. Op. 54 ('13): 491 (portrait). New Repub. 29 ('22): 158. (Hackett.) See also _Book Review Digest_, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921.

+Arthur Davison Ficke+--poet.

Born at Davenport, Iowa, 1883. A.B., Harvard, 1904. Studied at the College of Law, State University of Iowa. Taught English at State University of Iowa, 1905-7. Admitted to the bar, 1908. Under the name "Anne Knish" joined Witter Bynner (q.v.) under the pseudonym "Emanuel Morgan" in writing _Spectra_. Mr. Ficke's knowledge of art, especially Japanese art, has an important bearing upon his work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

From the Isles. 1907. The Happy Princess. 1907. The Earth Passion. 1908. The Breaking of Bonds. 1910. Twelve Japanese Painters. 1913. Mr. Faust. 1913. *Sonnets of a Portrait Painter. 1914. The Man on the Hilltop. 1915. Chats on Japanese Prints. 1915. Spectra. 1916. (Under pseudonym "Anne Knish," with Witter Bynner, q.v.) An April Elegy. 1917.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Forum, 55 ('16): 240, 675. Poetry, 4 ('14): 29; 6 ('15): 39, 247; 10 ('17): 323; 12 ('18): 169. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915.

+Dorothy Canfield Fisher (Dorothea Frances Canfield Fisher, Mrs. John Redwood Fisher)+--novelist.

Born at Lawrence, Kansas, 1879. Ph.B., Ohio State University, 1899; Ph.D., Columbia, 1904. Secretary of Horace Mann School, 1902-5. Studied and traveled widely in Europe and speaks several languages. Spent several years in France, doing war work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Squirrel-Cage. 1912. Hillsboro People. 1915. (Short stories, with poems by Sarah Cleghorn, q.v.) *The Bent Twig. 1915. The Real Motive. 1916. Fellow-Captains. 1916. (With Sarah Cleghorn, q.v.) (Essays.) Self-Reliance. 1916. Understood Betsy. 1917. Home Fires in France. 1918. The Day of Glory. 1919. *The Brimming Cup. 1921. Rough-Hewn. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.

Bookm. 42 ('16): 599; 48 ('18): 105; 53 ('21): 453. Dial, 65 ('18): 320. Lit. Digest, 69 ('21): June 11, p. 57. New Repub. 5 ('16): 314. R. of Rs. 45 ('12): 759 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915, 1917-9, 1921.

+F(rancis) Scott (Key) Fitzgerald+--novelist, short-story writer.

Born in 1896.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

This Side of Paradise. 1920. Flappers and Philosophers. 1920. (Short stories.) The Beautiful and Damned. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Lond. Times, June 23, 1921: 402. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1920.

+John Gould Fletcher+--poet, critic.

Born at Little Rock, Arkansas, 1886. Studied at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and at Harvard, 1903-7. Has lived much in England.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Read the prefaces to _Irradiations_ and _Goblins and Pagodas_ for Mr. Fletcher's theory of poetry before you read the poems themselves. Has he succeeded in making the arts of painting and music do service to poetry?

2. After reading the poems, consider the justice or injustice of Mr. Aiken's criticism: "It is a sort of absolute poetry, a poetry of detached waver and brilliance, a beautiful flowering of language alone--a parthenogenesis, as if language were fertilized by itself rather than by thought or feeling. Remove the magic of phrase and sound and there is nothing left: no thread of continuity, no thought, no story, no emotion. But the magic of phrase and sound is powerful, and it takes one into a fantastic world."

3. Do you find any poems to which the quotation given above does not apply? Are these of more or of less value than the others?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Irradiations--Sand and Spray. 1915. Goblins and Pagodas. 1916. Japanese Prints. 1917. The Tree of Life. 1918. Breakers and Granite. 1921. Paul Gauguin; His Life and Art. 1921.

For bibliography of editions out of print, see _A Miscellany of American Poetry_. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Lowell. Untermeyer.

Bookm. 41 ('15): 236 (portrait). Dial, 66 ('19): 189. Egoist, 2 ('15): 73, 79, 177 (portrait); 3 ('16): 173. New Repub. 3 ('15): 75, 154, 204; 5 ('15): 280; 9 ('16): supp. p. 11. Poetry, 7 ('15): 44, 88; 9 ('16): 43; 13 ('19); 340; 19 ('21): 155. Sat. Rev. 126 ('18): 1039. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915, 1918, 1919, 1921.

+Sewell Ford+ (Maine, 1868)--short-story writer.

The creator of Shorty McCabe and Torchy. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+John (William) Fox, Jr.+--novelist.

Born in Kentucky, 1862, of a pioneer family. Pupil of James Lane Allen (q.v.), whose influence on his work should be noted. Also associated in friendship with Roosevelt and with Thomas Nelson Page. War correspondent during the Spanish and Japanese wars. Died in 1919.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come. 1903. Following the Sun Flag. 1905. A Knight of the Cumberland. 1906. *The Trail of the Lonesome Pine. 1908. The Heart of the Hills. 1913. In Happy Valley, 1917. Erskine Dale; Pioneer. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 32 ('10): 363. Nation, 109 ('19): 72. Outlook, 90 ('08): 700; 126 ('20): 333. (Portraits.) Scrib. M. 66 ('19): 674. (Thomas Nelson Page.)

+Waldo David Frank+--novelist.

Born in 1889. His criticism of America (1919) roused much discussion.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Unwelcome Man. A Novel. 1917. Our America. 1919. Dark Mother. 1920. Rahab. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cur. Op. 68 ('20): 80 (portrait). Dial, 62 ('17): 244 (Van Wyck Brooks); 70 ('21): 95. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1917, 1919.

+Mary E(leanor) Wilkins Freeman (Mrs. Charles M. Freeman)+--short-story writer, novelist, dramatist.

Born at Randolph, Massachusetts, 1862. Educated there and at Mount Holyoke Seminary, 1874.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*A Humble Romance and Other Stories. 1887. *A New England Nun and Other Stories. 1891. A Pot of Gold and Other Stories. [1892.] Young Lucretia. 1892. Giles Corey, Yeoman. A Play. 1893. Jane Field. A Novel. 1893. Pembroke. A Novel. 1894. Comfort Pease and Her Gold Ring. 1895. Madelon. A Novel. 1896. Jerome, a Poor Man. 1897. Silence and Other Stories. 1898. People of Our Neighborhood. 1898. In Colonial Times. 1899. Evelina's Garden. 1899. The Jamesons. 1899. The Love of Parson Lord and Other Stories. 1900. The Hearts Highway. A Romance of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century. 1900. The Portion of Labor. 1901. The Home-Coming of Jessica. 1901. Understudies. 1901. Six Trees. 1903. The Wind in the Rose Bush and Other Stories of the Supernatural. 1903. The Givers. 1904. The Debtor. A Novel. 1905. "Doc." Gordon. 1906. By the Light of the Soul. 1906. The Fair Lavinia. 1907. The Shoulders of Atlas. A Novel. 1908. The Winning Lady. 1909. The Green Door. 1910. The Butterfly House. 1912. The Yates Pride. 1912. The Copy-Cat and Other Stories. 1914. An Alabaster Box. 1917. (With Florence Morse Kingsley.) Edgewater People. 1918.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey. (Women.) Harkins. (Women.) Overton. Pattee.

Atlan. 83 ('99): 665. Bk. Buyer, 8 ('91): 53 (portrait); 23 ('01): 379. Bookm. 24 ('06): 20 (portrait). Bookm. (Lond.) 24 ('06): 20 (portrait). Bk. News, 11 ('93): 227. Citizen, 4 ('98): 27. Critic, 20 ('92): 13; 22 ('93): 256 (portrait); 32 ('98): 155 (portraits). Harp. W. 47 ('03): 1879; 49 ('05): 1940. (Portraits.)

+Alice French ("Octave Thanet")+--novelist.

Born at Andover, Massachusetts, and educated at Abbott Academy there; Litt. D., University of Iowa, 1911.

Upon going to live in the Middle West, Miss French became interested in the local color of Iowa and Arkansas and in the labor conditions with which she came in contact as a member of a family of manufacturers. The sociological and propagandist elements are strong in her work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Knitters in the Sun. 1887. Stories of a Western Town. 1893. The Man of the Hour. 1905. The Lion's Share. 1907. By Inheritance. 1910. Stories That End Well. 1911. A Step on the Stair. 1913. And the Captain Answered. 1917.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Harkins. (Women.) Patee.

Arena, 38 ('07): 683 (portrait), 691. Cur. Lit. 28 ('00): 143.

+Robert Lee Frost+--poet.

Born at San Francisco, 1875. At the age of ten, he was taken to New England where eight generations of his forefathers had lived. In 1892, he spent a few months at Dartmouth College but disliking college routine, decided to earn his living, and became a millhand in Lawrence, Massachusetts. In 1897, two years after he had married, he entered Harvard and studied there for two years; but he finally gave up the idea of a degree and turned to various kinds of work, teaching, shoe-making, and newspaper work. From 1900-11, he was farming at Derry, New Hampshire, but with little success. At the same time, he was writing and offering for publication poems which were invariably refused. He likewise taught English at Derry, 1906-11, and psychology at Plymouth, 1911-2.

In 1912, he sold his farm and with his wife and four children went to England. He offered a collection of poems to an English publisher and went to live in the little country town of Beaconsfield. The poems were published and their merits were quickly recognized. In 1914, Mr. Frost rented a small place at Ledbury, Gloucestershire, near the English poets, Lascelles Abercrombie, and W.W. Gibson. With the publication of _North of Boston_ his reputation as a poet was established.

In 1915, Mr. Frost returned to America and went to live near Franconia, New Hampshire. From 1916 to 1919 he taught English at Amherst College. But he found that college life was disturbing to his creative energy, and in 1920 he bought land in Vermont and again became a farmer. In 1921, the University of Michigan, in recognition of his talents, offered him a salary to live in Ann Arbor without teaching. This position he accepted, but it is reported that he intends to return to farming to secure the leisure necessary for his work.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Make a list of subjects that you have not found treated elsewhere in poetry. Test the truth of the treatment by your own experience and decide whether Mr. Frost has converted these commonplace experiences into a new field of poetry.

2. Read in succession the poems concerning New England life and decide whether they seem more authentic and more valuable than the others. If so, why?

3. Is Mr. Frost's realism photographic? Consider in this connection his own statement: "There are two types of realist--the one who offers a good deal of dirt with his potato to show that it is a real one; and the one who is satisfied with the potato brushed clean.... To me the thing that art does for life is to strip it to form."

In view of the last sentence it is interesting to consider the kinds of details that Mr. Frost chooses for presentation and those that he omits.

4. Read several of the long poems to discover his relative strength in narrative and in dramatic presentation.

5. Examine the vocabulary for naturalness, colloquialism, and extraordinary occasional fitness of words.

6. Try to sum up briefly Mr. Frost's philosophy of life and his attitude toward nature and people.

7. What do you observe about the metrical forms, the beauty or lack of beauty in the rhythm? Do many of the poems sing?

8. What do you prophesy as to Mr. Frost's future?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Boy's Will. 1913. North of Boston. 1914. Mountain Interval. 1916.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton Lowell. Untermeyer.

Atlan. 116 ('15): 214. Bookm. 45 ('17): 430 (portrait); 47 ('18): 135. Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 5. Cur. Op. 58 ('15): 427 (portrait). Dial, 61 ('16): 528. Ind. 86 ('16): 283; 88 ('16): 533. (Portraits.) Lit. Digest, 66 ('20): June 17, p. 32 (portrait). Nation, 109 ('19): 713. New Repub. 9 ('16): 219; 12 ('17): 109. Poetry, 2 ('13): 72; 5 ('14): 127; 9 ('17): 202. R. of Rs. 51 ('15): 432 (portrait). School and Soc. 7 ('18): 117. Spec. 126 ('21): 114. Survey, 45 ('20): 318. Touchstone, 3 ('18): 70 (portrait).

+Henry Blake Fuller+--novelist, short-story writer.

Born in Chicago, 1857. Educated in Chicago public schools, graded and high; and at a "classical academy" in Wisconsin. In Europe, '79-'80, '83, '92, '94, '96-7. Literary editor _Chicago Post_, 1902. Editorials _Chicago Record Herald_, 1910-11 and 1914; at present, _Literary Review_ of the _New York Evening Post_, for the _Freeman_, _New Republic_, _Nation_, etc.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Compare Mr. Fuller's stories of Europe with his studies of life in Chicago. What is their relative success? What inferences do you draw?

2. Considering dates, materials, and methods, where do you place Mr. Fuller's work in the development of the American novel?

3. Before reading _On the Stairs_, cf. _Dial_, 64 ('18): 405.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*The Chevalier of Pensieri-Vani. 1891. The Chatelaine of La Trinité. 1892. The Cliff-Dwellers. 1893. With the Procession. A Novel. 1895. The Puppet-Booth. Twelve Plays. 1896. From the Other Side. Stories of Transatlantic Travel. 1898. The Last Refuge. A Sicilian Romance. 1900. Under the Skylights. 1901. Waldo Trench and Others. Stories of Americans in Italy. 1908. Lines Long and Short. Biographical Sketches in Various Rhythms. 1917. On the Stairs. 1918. Bertram Cope's Year. 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bk. Buyer, 24 ('02): 185 (portrait). Bookm. 38 ('13): 275; 47 ('18): 340. Dial, 64 ('18): 405. Poetry, 10 ('17): 155. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1920.

+Zona Gale+--novelist, short-story writer, dramatist.

Born at Portage, Wisconsin, 1874. B.L., University of Wisconsin, 1895; M.L., 1899. On Milwaukee papers until 1901. Later on staff of the _New York World_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Loves of Pelleas and Etarre. 1907. Friendship Village. 1908. Friendship Village Love Stories. 1909. Mothers to Men. 1911. When I Was a Little Girl. 1913. Neighborhood Stories. 1914. The Neighbors. 1914. (One-act play.) A Daughter of the Morning. 1917. Birth. 1918. *Miss Lulu Bett. 1920. (Play, 1921.) The Secret Way. 1921. (Poems.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Acad. 75 ('08): 595. Bookm. 13 ('01): 520 (portrait); 25 ('07): 567 (portrait); 53 ('21): 123. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915, 1917-19, 1920.

+Hamlin Garland+--short-story writer, novelist.

Born on a farm near West Salem, Wisconsin, 1860, of Scotch and New England ancestry. During his boyhood, his father moved first to Iowa, then to Dakota. As a boy, Mr. Garland helped his father with all the hard work of making farmland out of prairie. While still in his teens, he was able to do a man's work. His schooling was desultory, but he finished the course at Cedar Valley Seminary, Osage, Iowa, then taught, 1882-3. In 1883 he took up a claim in Dakota, but the next year went to Boston and began his career as teacher and writer.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Read the autobiographical books, _A Son of the Middle Border_ and _A Daughter of the Middle Border_, to get the background of Mr. Garland's work. Then read his essays called _Crumbling Idols_, for the literary theory on which his work was created.

2. Two literary landmarks in Mr. Garland's history are: Edward Eggleston's _The Hoosier Schoolmaster_ (1871), and Joseph Kirkland's _Zury: the Meanest Man in Spring County_ (1887). Read these and decide how much they influenced _Main-Traveled Roads_ and similar volumes of Mr. Garland's.

3. Mr. Garland says that he presents farm life "not as the summer boarder or the young lady novelist sees it--but as the working farmer endures it." Find evidence of this.

4. Consider how far Mr. Garland's success depends upon the richness of his material, how far upon his philosophy of life and his honesty to his own experience, and how far upon his technical skill as a writer.

5. What are his most obvious limitations? What is the relative importance of his novels and of his short stories?

6. Consider separately: (1) his power of visualization; (2) his choice of significant detail; (3) his originality or lack of it; (4) his range in characterization; (5) his power of suggestion as over against his vividness of delineation; (6) his economy--or lack of it--in expression. Where does his main strength lie?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Under the Wheel. A Modern Play in Six Scenes. 1890. *Main-Traveled Roads. 1890. Jason Edwards. 1891. A Little Norsk. 1891. *Prairie Folks. 1892. A Spoil of Office. A Story of the Modern West. 1892. A Member of the Third House. 1892. Crumbling Idols. 1893. (Essays.) Prairie Songs. 1894. *Rose of Dutcher's Coolly. 1895. Wayside Courtships. 1897. The Spirit of Sweetwater. 1898. Boy Life on the Prairie. 1899. (Autobiographical.) The Eagle's Heart. 1900. Her Mountain Lover. 1901. The Captain of the Gray Horse Troop. A Novel. 1902. Hesper. A Novel. 1903. The Light of the Star. A Novel. 1904. The Tyranny of the Dark. 1905. (Novel.) The Long Trail. A Story of the Northwest Wilderness. 1907. Money Magic. A Novel. 1907. The Shadow World. 1908. (Novel.) The Moccasin Ranch. A Story of Dakota. 1909. Cavanagh, Forest Ranger. A Romance of the Mountain West. 1909. *Other Main-Traveled Roads. 1910. Victor Ollnee's Discipline, 1911. (Novel.) The Forester's Daughter. A Romance of the Bear-Tooth Range. 1914. They of the High Trails. 1916. A Son of the Middle Border. 1917. (Autobiographical.) A Daughter of the Middle Border. 1921. (Autobiographical.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton. Harkins. Pattee.

Arena, 34 ('05): 112 (portrait), 206. Bookm. 31 ('10): 226 (portrait), 309. Chaut. 64 ('11): 322 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 53 ('12): 589. Cur. Op. 63 ('17): 412. Lit. Digest, 55 ('17): Sept. 15, p. 28 (portrait). No. Am. 196 ('12): 523. R. of Rs. 25 ('02): 701 (portrait). Sewanee R. 27 ('19): 411. Touchstone, 2 ('17): 322. World's Work, 6 ('03): 3695.

+Katharine Fullerton Gerould (Mrs. Gordon Hall Gerould)+--short-story writer, novelist, essayist.

Born at Brockton, Massachusetts, 1879. A.B., Radcliffe College, 1900; A.M., 1901. Reader in English at Bryn Mawr College, 1901-10, except 1908-9 which she spent in England and France.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Mrs. Gerould belongs to the school of Henry James, but shows marked individuality in her themes and in her dramatic power. A comparison of some of her short stories with stories by Mr. James (q.v.) and by Mrs. Wharton (q.v.) is illuminating for the powers and limitations of all three.