Chapter 4

Even for those, however, who perceive that he belongs intellectually to a middle class which is neither very subtle nor very profound on the one hand nor very shrewd or very downright on the other, it is impossible to withhold from Mr. Churchill the respect due a sincere, scrupulous, and upright man who has served the truth and his art according to his lights.... The sounds which have reached him from among the people have come from those who eagerly aspire to better things arrived at by orderly progress, from those who desire in some lawful way to outgrow the injustices and inequalities of civil existence and by fit methods to free the human spirit from all that clogs and stifles it. But as they aspire and intend better than they think, so, in concert with them, does Mr. Churchill.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*The Celebrity. 1898. Richard Carvel. 1899. The Crisis. 1901. Mr. Keegan's Elopement. 1903. The Crossing. 1904. The Title-Mart. 1905. (Play.) *Coniston. 1906. *Mr. Crewe's Career. 1908. A Modern Chronicle. 1910. *The Inside of the Cup. 1913. A Far Country. 1915. The Dwelling Place of Light. 1917. A Traveller in War-Time. 1918. Dr. Jonathan. 1919. (Play.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cooper. Harkins. Underwood.

Bookm. 27 ('08): 729 (portrait); 31 ('10): 246 (portrait); 41 ('15): 607. Bookm. (Lond.) 34 ('08): 152 (portrait). Collier's, 52 ('13): Dec. 27, p. 5 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 27 ('00): 108; 52 ('12): 196 (portrait). Cur. Op. 55 ('13): 122, 341 (portrait). Ind. 53 ('01): 2097; 61 ('06): 96. (Portraits.) Lit. Digest, 47 ('13): 250, 426, 1278. Nation, 112 ('21): 619. (Carl Van Doren.) Outlook, 90 ('08): 93. R. of Rs. 24 ('01): 588 (portrait); 30 ('04): 123 (portrait); 34 ('06): 142 (portrait); 37 ('08): 763 (portrait); 48 ('13): 46; 58 ('18): 328 (portrait). Spec. 93 ('04): 124. World's Work, 17 ('08): 10959 (portrait), 11016.

+(Charles) Badger Clark+ (Iowa, 1883)--poet.

Deals with cowboy life. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn+--novelist, poet.

Born at Norfolk, Virginia, 1876, but since childhood has lived in Vermont. Studied at Radcliffe, 1895-6. In 1915 some of her lyrics were published in a volume of short-stories called _Hillsboro People_, by her friend, Dorothy Canfield Fisher (q.v.).

Socialist, pacifist, and anti-vivisectionist. Strong propagandist element in her work. _The Spinster_ is said to contain much autobiography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Turnpike Lady. 1907. (Novel.) The Spinster. 1916. (Novel.) Fellow-Captains. 1916. (With Dorothy Canfield Fisher.) (Essays.) Portraits and Protests. 1917. (Poems.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Nation, 112 ('21): 512. New Eng. M. n.s. 39 ('08): 236 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1916, 1917.

+Irvin S(hrewsbury) Cobb+ (Kentucky, 1876)--short-story writer, humorist, dramatist.

His reputation is built upon his stories of Kentucky life and his humorous criticisms of contemporary manners. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Octavus Roy Cohen+ (South Carolina, 1891)--short-story writer. The discoverer of the Southern negro in town life. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Will Levington Comfort+ (Michigan, 1878)--novelist.

Work consists mainly of romances of Oriental adventure. His book, _Child and Country_, 1916, is on education (cf. _Book Review Digest_, 1916).

+Grace Walcott Hazard Conkling (Mrs. Roscoe Platt Conkling)+--poet.

Born in New York City, 1878. Graduate of Smith College, 1899. Studied music and languages at the University of Heidelberg, 1902-3, and in Paris, 1903-4. Lived also in Mexico. Has taught in various schools, and since 1914 has been a teacher of English at Smith College, where she has roused much interest in poetry. Mother of Hilda Conkling (q.v.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Afternoons of April. 1915. (Collected poems.) Wilderness Songs. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Poetry, 7 ('15): 152. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915, 1920.

+Hilda Conkling+--poet.

Born at Catskill-on-Hudson, New York, 1910, daughter of Grace Hazard Conkling (q.v.). She began to talk her poems to her mother at the age of four. Her mother took them down without change, merely arranging the line divisions. Her earliest expression was in the form of a chant to an imaginary companion to whom she gave the name "Mary Cobweb" (cf. Poetry, 14 ['19]: 344).

Hilda Conkling's name is included in this list, not because her poems are remarkable for a child, but because they show actual achievement and the highest quality of imagination.

Her work is to be found in _Poetry_, 8 ('16): 191; and 10 ('17): 197, and one volume has been published, _Poems by a Little Girl_, 1920 (with introduction by Amy Lowell).

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 51 ('20):314. Cur. Op. 68 ('20): 852. Dial, 69 ('20): 186. Lit. Digest, 65 ('20): June 5, p. 50. Poetry, 16 ('20): 222. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1920.

+James Brendan Connolly+ (Massachusetts)--short-story writer. Writes realistic sea stories. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+George Cram Cook+ (Iowa, 1873)--dramatist.

Director of the Provincetown Players since 1915. With Susan Glaspell (q.v.) wrote _Suppressed Desires_ (1915) and _Tickless Time_ (1920).

Other plays are: The Athenian Women. 1917. Spring. 1921. (Cf. _Literary Review_ of the _New York Evening Post_, Feb. 11, 1922, p. 419.)

For complete bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Alice Corbin (Mrs. William Penhallow Henderson)+--poet, critic.

Born at St. Louis, Missouri. Lived many years in Santa Fé, New Mexico, which has furnished material for many of her poems. Associate editor of _Poetry_ since its foundation in 1912.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Spinning Woman of the Sky. 1912. (Poems.) The New Poetry, An Anthology. 1917. (Compiled with Harriet Monroe, q.v.) Red Earth. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 47 ('18): 391. Freeman, 4 ('22): 468. New Repub. 28 ('21): 304. Poetry, 9 ('16-'17): 144, 232.

+John Cournos+--novelist.

Mr. Cournos' studies of the immigrant in America in _The Mask,_ 1920, and _The Wall_, 1921, attracted attention.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 51 ('20): 76. Dial, 68 ('20): 496. Freeman, 4 ('21): 238. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1920, 1921.

+Adelaide Crapsey+--poet.

Born at Rochester, New York, 1878. A.B., Vassar, 1902. Taught English at Kemper Hall, Kenosha, Wisconsin, 1903. In 1905, studied archæology in Rome. Instructor in poetics at Smith College, 1911; but stopped teaching because of failing health. Died at Saranac Lake, 1914.

She had begun an investigation into the structure of English verse, which she was unable to finish. Her poems were nearly all written after her breakdown in 1913, and reflect the tragic experience through which she was passing.

Some of them are written in a form of her own invention, the "cinquain" (five unrhymed lines, having two, four, six, eight, and two syllables).

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Miss Crapsey's theories of versification should be remembered in studying her forms.

2. What is to be said of her verbal economy?

3. A comparison of her verses with those of Emily Dickinson has been suggested. Carried out in detail, it suggests interesting points of difference as well as of resemblance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Poems. 1915. Study in English Metrics. 1918.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Bookm. 50 ('20): 496. Poetry, 10 ('17): 316. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1916, 1918.

+Gladys Cromwell+--poet.

Born in New York City, 1885. Educated in New York private schools and lived much abroad. In 1918, with her twin sister, she went into Red Cross Canteen work and was stationed at Chalons. As a result of depression due to nerve strain, both sisters committed suicide by jumping overboard from the steamer on which they were coming home. For their War service the French Government later awarded them the Croix de Guerre. Miss Cromwell's _Poems_ in 1919 divided with Mr. Neihardt's (q.v.) _Song of Three Friends_ the annual prize of the Poetry Society of America.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gates of Utterance. 1915. Poems. 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Ath. 1920, 1: 289. Bookm. 51 ('20): 216. Dial, 68 ('20): 534. Lond. Times, April 15, 1920: 243. New Repub. 18 ('19): 189; 22 ('20): 65. Poetry, 13 ('19): 326; 16 ('20): 105.

+Rachel Crothers+--dramatist.

Born at Bloomington, Illinois. Graduate of the Illinois State Normal School, Normal, Illinois, 1892.

Miss Crothers directs her plays and sometimes acts in them.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Criss Cross. 1904. The Rector. 1906. A Man's World. 1915. The Three of Us. 1916. The Herfords. (Quinn, _Representative American Plays_, under the title _He and She_, 1917.)

For bibliography of unpublished plays, cf. _Cambridge_, III (IV), 765.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Eaton, W.P. At the New Theatre. 1910. Moses.

New Repub. 9 ('16): 217. Touchstone, 4 ('18): 25 (portrait). World Today, 15 ('08): 729 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915.

+Samuel McChord Crothers+--essayist.

Born at Oswego, Illinois, 1857. A.B., Wittenberg College, 1873, Princeton, 1874. Studied at Union Theological Seminary, 1874-7, and at Harvard Divinity School, 1881-2. Higher honorary degrees. Ordained Presbyterian minister, 1877. Pastorates in Nevada and California. Became a Unitarian, 1882. Pastor in Brattleboro, Vermont, 1882-6; in St. Paul, Minnesota, 1886-94; and of the First Church, Cambridge, since 1894. Preacher to Harvard University.

Dr. Crothers's essays are rich with suave and scholarly humor, and are written in a style suggestive of Lamb's.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Gentle Reader. 1903. The Understanding Heart. 1903. The Pardoner's Wallet. 1905. The Endless Life. 1905. By the Chrismas Fire. 1908. Oliver Wendell Holmes and His Fellow Boarders. 1909. Among Friends. 1910. Humanly Speaking. 1912. Three Lords of Destiny. 1913. Meditations on Votes for Women. 1914. The Pleasures of an Absentee Landlord. 1916. The Dame School of Experience. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Pattee.

Bookm. 32 ('11): 631. Critic, 48 ('06): 200 (portrait). Cur. Op. 63 ('17): 406 (portrait). Outlook, 102 ('12): 645 (portrait), 648. So. Atlan. Q. 8 ('09): 150.

+James Oliver Curwood+ (Michigan, 1878)--novelist.

His material deals with primitive life in Canada. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Thomas Augustine Daly+--poet.

Born at Philadelphia, 1871. Left college without a degree. Honorary higher degrees. In 1889 became a newspaper man, and since 1891 has been connected as reviewer, editorial writer, and "columnist" with Philadelphia newspapers; associate editor of the _Evening Ledger_, 1915-8.

Mr. Daly has written good poetry in English, but is best known for the dialect verses which he has published in the columns edited by him. His most popular verses are in the Irish and Italian dialects.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Canzoni. 1906. Carmina. 1909. Madrigali. 1912. Songs of Wedlock. 1916. McAroni Ballads. 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Am. M. 70 ('10): 750 (portrait); 89 ('20): June, p. 16. Dublin R. 155 (4 s., 46) ('14): 116. Outlook, 103 ('13): 261. Poetry, 16 ('20): 278.

+Olive Tilford Dargan (Mrs. Pegram Dargan)+--poet, dramatist.

Born in Kentucky. Educated at the University of Nashville and at Radcliffe. Taught in Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, and Canada until she married. Traveled abroad, 1910-14. Winner of $500 prize offered by the Southern Society of New York for best book by Southern writer, 1916.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Semiramis and Other Plays. (Carlotta, The Poet.) 1904. Lords and Lovers and Other Dramas. (The Shepherd, The Siege.) 1906. The Mortal Gods and Other Dramas. (A Son of Hermes, Kidmir.) 1912. The Welsh Pony. 1913. (Privately printed.) Path Flower and Other Poems. 1914. The Cycle's Rim. 1916. The Flutter of the Goldleaf and Other Plays. 1922. (With Frederick Peterson.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 37 ('13): 123 (portrait). Outlook, 85 ('07): 328. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1913, 1914, 1916.

+Mary Carolyn Davies+--poet.

Born at Sprague, Washington, and educated in and near Portland, Oregon. As a freshman at the University of California, she won the Emily Chamberlin Cook prize for poetry, 1912, and also the Bohemian Club prize.

The poems of Miss Davies express "the girl consciousness" (Kreymborg).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Drums in Our Street. 1918. (Poems.) The Slave with Two Faces. 1918. (Play.) Youth Riding. 1919. (Lyrics.) A Little Freckled Person. 1919. (Child Verse.) The Husband Test. 1921. Also in: Others, 1916, 1917.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Poetry, 12 ('18): 218. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919.

+Fannie Stearns Davis.+ See +Fannie Stearns Davis Gifford+

+Margaret Wade Deland (Mrs. Lorin F. Deland)+--novelist, short-story writer.

Born at a village called Manchester, now a part of Alleghany, Pennsylvania, 1857. Educated in private schools, and studied drawing and design at Cooper Institute. Later, taught design in a girls' school in New York City.

Mrs. Deland's father was a Presbyterian and her mother an Episcopalian (cf. _John Ward, Preacher_), and her home town is the "Old Chester" of her books.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Old Garden and Other Verses. 1887. *John Ward, Preacher. 1888. Florida Days. 1889. Sidney. 1890. The Story of a Child. 1892. Mr. Tommy Dove and Other Stories. 1893. Philip and His Wife. 1894. The Wisdom of Fools. 1897. (Short stories.) *Old Chester Tales. 1898. *Dr. Lavendar's People. 1903. (Short stories.) The Common Way. 1904. The Awakening of Helena Richie. 1906. An Encore. 1907. R.J.'s Mother and Some Other People. 1908. The Way to Peace. 1910. The Iron Woman. 1911. The Voice. 1912. Partners. 1913. The Hands of Esau. 1914. Around Old Chester. 1915. (Short stories.) The Rising Tide. 1916. The Promises of Alice. 1919. Small Things. 1919. An Old Chester Secret. 1920. The Vehement Flame. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey. (Women.) Overton. Pattee.

Bookm. 25 ('07): 511 (portrait). Critic, 44 ('04): 107 (portrait). Cur. Op. 65 ('18): 178 (portrait). Harp. 123 ('11): 963. Harp. W. 50 ('06): 859, 1110. (Portraits.) Ind. 61 ('06): 337 (portrait). Outlook, 64 ('00): 407; 84 ('06): 730 (portrait); 99 ('11): 628.

+Floyd Dell+--novelist.

Born in Barry, Illinois, 1887. Left school at sixteen for factory work. Literary editor of the _Chicago Evening Post_. Literary editor of _The Masses_ and now of _The Liberator_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Women as World Builders. 1913. Were You Ever a Child? 1919. (Education.) The Angel Intrudes, a Play in One Act. 1918. Moon-Calf. 1920. Novel. The Briary Bush. 1921. (Novel.) Sweet and Twenty. 1921. (Comedy in One Act.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 53 ('21); 245. Freeman, 2 ('21); 403. Nation, 111 ('20): 670. New Repub. 25 ('20): 49; 29 ('21): 78. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920, 1921.

+Babette Deutsch (Mrs. Avrahm Yarmolinsky)+--poet, critic.

Born in New York City, 1895. A.B., Barnard, 1917. Later, worked at the School for Social Research. She attracted attention by her first volume of poems, _Banners_, 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Poetry, 15 ('19): 166. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1921.

+John (Roderigo) Dos Passos+--novelist.

Mr. Dos Passos' presentation (_Three Soldiers_) of the experiences of privates in the U.S. Army during the War roused violent discussion.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

One Man's Initiation. 1917. 1920. Three Soldiers. 1921. Rosinante to the Road Again. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 54 ('21): 393. Cur. Op. 71 ('21): 624 (portrait). Dial, 71 ('21): 606. Freeman, 4 ('21): 282. Lit. Digest, 71 ('21): 29 (portrait). Lond. Mercury, 5 ('22): 319. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1921.

+Theodore Dreiser+--novelist, dramatist.

Born at Terre Haute, Indiana, 1871, of German ancestry. Educated in the public schools of Warsaw, Indiana, and at the University of Indiana. Newspaper work in Chicago and St. Louis, 1892-5. Editor of _Every Month_ (literary and musical magazine), 1895-8. Editorial positions on _McClure's_, _Century_, _Cosmopolitan_, and various other magazines, finally becoming editor-in-chief of the Butterick Publications (_Delineator_, _Designer_, _New Idea_, _English Delineator_), 1907-10. Organized the National Child Rescue Campaign, 1907.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. As Mr. Dreiser is considered by many critics the novelist of biggest stature as yet produced by America, the nature and sources of his strength and of his weakness deserve careful analysis. Observe (1) that his attitude toward life and his general method derive from Zola; (2) that his materials are drawn from his extensive and varied experience as a journalist; (3) that these two facts are exemplified in brief in his biographical studies, _Twelve Men_, which are "human documents."

2. Note the dates of _Sister Carrie_ and of _Jennie Gerhardt_, and work out Dreiser's loss and gain during the long period of silence between them.

3. _Hey, Rub-a-Dub-Dub_ (cf. _Nation_, 109 ['19]: 278) should be read by every student of Dreiser, for its revelation of his attitude toward humanity, which contributes largely to the greatness of his work, and of his failure to think out a point of view, which is a fundamental weakness. Note his admission: "I am one of those curious persons who cannot make up their minds about anything."

4. With what types of material does Mr. Dreiser succeed best? Why?

5. Discuss Mr. Dreiser's style in connection with the following topics: (1) economy; (2) realism; (3) suggestion; (4) taste; (5) rhythmic beauty. What deeply rooted defect is suggested by the following description of the Woolworth Building in New York:--"lifts its defiant spear of clay into the very maw of heaven"?

6. How far does Mr. Dreiser represent American life? Do you think his work will be for some time the best that we can do in literature?

7. Read Mr. Van Doren's article (listed below) for suggestion of other points for discussion. The following passage is especially significant:

Not the incurable awkwardness of his style nor his occasional merciless verbosity nor his too frequent interpositions of crude argument can destroy the effect which he produces at his best--that of a noble spirit brooding over a world which in spite of many condemnations he deeply, somberly loves. Something peasantlike in his genius may blind him a little to the finer shades of character and set him astray in his reports of cultivated society. His conscience about telling the plain truth may suffer at times from a dogmatic tolerance which refuses to draw lines between good and evil or between beautiful and ugly or between wise and foolish. But he gains, on the whole, more than he loses by the magnitude of his cosmic philosophizing.... From somewhere sound accents of an authority not sufficiently explained by the mere accuracy of his versions of life. Though it may indeed be difficult for a thinker of the widest views to contract himself to the dimensions needed for realistic art, and though he may often fail when he attempts it, when he does succeed he has the opportunity, which the mere worldling lacks, of ennobling his art with some of the great lights of the poets.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*Sister Carrie. 1900. *Jennie Gerhardt. 1911. The Financier. 1912. A Traveller at Forty. 1913. (Travel sketches.) The Titan. 1914. The Genius. 1915. Plays of the Natural and the Supernatural. 1916. A Hoosier Holiday. 1916. (Travel sketches.) Free and Other Stories. 1918. The Hand of the Potter. 1918. (Tragedy.) Twelve Men. 1919. (Biographical studies.) Hey-rub-a-dub-dub. 1920. A Book about Myself. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Mencken, H.L., Prefaces. Sherman, Stuart P., On Contemporary Literature, 1917.

Acad. 85 ('13): 133. (Frank Harris.) Bookm. 34 ('11): 221 (portrait); 38 ('14): 673; 53 ('21): 27 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 53 ('12): 696 (portrait). Cur. Op. 62 ('17): 344 (portrait); 63 ('17): 191; 66 ('19): 175. Dial, 62 ('17): 343, 507. Egoist, 3 ('16): 159. Ind. 71 ('11): 1267 (portrait). Lond. Times, June 23, 1921: 403. Nation, 101 ('15): 648 (Stuart P. Sherman); 112 ('21): 400. (Carl Van Doren.) New Repub. 2 ('15): supp. Apr. 17, Pt. II, p. 7. No. Am. 207 ('18): 902. Review, 2 ('20): 380. (Paul Elmer More.) R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 242 (portrait). Spec. 118 ('17): 139.

+William Edward Burghardt Du Bois+--man of letters.

Born at Great Barrington, Massachusetts, 1865. Of negro descent but with large admixture of white blood. A.B., Fisk University, 1888; Harvard, 1890; A.M., 1891; Ph.D., 1895. Studied at the University of Berlin. Professor of economics and history, Atlanta University, 1896-1910. Director of publicity of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of the _Crisis_, 1910--.

Mr. Du Bois is a distinguished economist and primarily a propagandist for the equal rights and education of the negro, but he belongs to literature as the author of _Darkwater_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Souls of Black Folk. 1903. John Brown. 1909. The Quest of the Silver Fleece. 1911. *Darkwater. 1920. (Stories, sketches, essays.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 66 ('08): May, pp. 61 (portrait), 65. Freeman, 1 ('20): 95. Lit. Digest, 65 ('20): May 1, p. 86. Nation, 110 ('20): 726. New Repub. 22 ('20): 189. World Today, 12 ('07): 6 (portrait). World's Work, 41 ('20): 159 (portrait).

+Finley Peter Dunne+--humorist.

Born at Chicago, 1867. Educated in Chicago public schools. Began newspaper work as reporter, 1885. On _Chicago Evening Post_ and _Chicago Times Herald_, 1892-7. Editor of the _Chicago Journal_, 1897-1900. Since 1900 has lived and worked in New York.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War. 1898. Mr. Dooley in the Hearts of His Countrymen. 1899. Mr. Dooley's Philosophy. 1900. Mr. Dooley's Opinions. 1901. Observations by Mr. Dooley. 1902. Dissertations by Mr. Dooley. 1906. Mr. Dooley Says. 1910. Mr. Dooley on Making a Will and Other Necessary Evils. 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 62 ('06): 571 (portrait); 65 ('07): 173. Bookm. 51 ('20): 674. Cent. 63 ('01): 63 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 38 ('05): 29 (portrait). Harp. W. 47 ('03): 331 (portrait), 346. Ind. 62 ('07): 741 (portrait). Lit. Digest, 44 ('12): 427 (portrait). No. Am. 176 ('03): 743. (Howells.) New Repub. 20 ('19): 235. Outlook, 123 ('19): 94 (portrait). Spec. 90 ('03): 258; 125 ('20): 146.

+Charles Alexander Eastman (Ohiyesa)+--writer.

Born at Redwood Falls, Minnesota, 1858, of Santee Sioux ancestry, his father being a full-blood Indian, and his mother a half-breed. B.S., Dartmouth, 1887; M.D., Boston University, 1890. Government physician, Pine Ridge Agency, 1890-3. Indian secretary, Y.M.C.A., 1894-7. Attorney for Santee Sioux at Washington, 1897-1900. Government physician, Crow Creek, South Dakota, 1900-3. Appointed to revise Sioux family names, 1903-9.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Indian Boyhood. 1902. Old Indian Days. 1907. The Soul of the Indian. 1911. The Indian Today. 1915. From the Deep Woods to Civilization. 1916.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bk. Buyer, 24 ('02): 21 (portrait). Chaut. 35 ('02): 335 (portrait), 339. Outlook, 65 ('00): 83 (portrait). R. of Rs. 33 ('06): 700 (portrait), 703.

+Max Eastman+--poet, essayist, critic.