Part 21

Sabre computer, 183

SAC, 160, 161

SAGE computer, 3, 12, 37, 53, 158, 159, 226, 259

Samuel, Arthur, 251

Sara Lee Bakeries, 206

Sausage making by computer, 179

Scaling, analog computer, 76

_Scientific American_, 140, 239

“Sea Wolf” testing by computer, 162

Second industrial revolution, 171

Self-reproducing machines, 33, 268

Selfridge, Oliver, 124

Sequential computers, 126

Sex and numbers, 19

Shannon, Claude, 44, 110, 215

Shelley, Mary W., 42

“Shoebox” computer, 242

Sidewinder missile, 160

Signal Corps, U. S. A., 77

Simon, Herbert, 141

Simulator, 79, 169, 187, 189

Simulmatics Corp., 181

Simultaneous linear equations, 77

Skinner, B. F., 133, 223, 230

Skybolt missile, 160

Slide rule, 7, 85

Smee, Alfred, 121

Social Security, 149

“Software,” computer, 54

Solartron-John Brown, Ltd., 174

Sonotype, 243

_Son pan_, 23

“Sorcerer’s Apprentice,” 27

_Soroban_, 5, 22

Southern Methodist University, 179

Spaceborne computers, 167

Space flight, 3, 92

SPADATS system, 160

Special-purpose computers, 79

Speech computer, 242

Sperry Rand Corp., 255

Sports, use of computers, 198

SSEC computer, 155, 156

Standard Oil Co. of California, 207

Stanhope, Earl of, 39 demonstrator, 40

Stapledon, Olaf, 265

Steel mill, 189, 204

Steele, J. E., 132

Stock Exchange, American, 176

Stock market, 176, 177

Stone Age computer, 21

“Store” computer, 36, 62

Stravinsky, Igor, 197

STRETCH computer, 47, 48

Stromberg-Carlson, 191

“Subroutine” computer program, 59

Subtraction, computer, 106

Sumerian cuneiform, 23

Sundial, 24

Sun Oil Co., 208

Supermarket, use of computers, 13, 174

Surveyor space vehicle, 169

Swift, Jonathan, 30

Switch, statistical, 137

Syllogism, 26, 109

Symbiosis, 265

Symbolic logic, 38, 109, 110, 115, 248, 255

Synnoetics, 260

SYNTAC, 150

Synthetic rubber production, 208

System Development Corp., 156, 220, 226

Szoeny refinery, 207

_Tabula rasa_, 126

Tallies, 20

Tape memory, 64 magnetic, 54 paper, 54

TASCON, 180

Taylor, Frederick W., 171

Teaching machines, 6, 100, 222, 225 AutoTutor, 213, 225 CLASS, 226, 227, 228 DIDAK, 224 Digiflex, 225 PLATO, 226 Pressey, S., 222 Skinner, B. F., 133, 223, 230 Videosonic, 222

Technical Information Service, 249

Technical Operations, Inc., 150

Telecredit, 179

Teleflite, 183

Testing computers, 117

Texas Company, The, 208

Thinking, 123 molecular theory of, 268

Thompson Ramo Wooldridge, Inc., 226, 258

Thomson, James, 75

Thomson & McKinnon, 177

Thor missile, 167

Tick-tack-toe, 8, 143

Tik-Tok, 27

Titan missile, 168

TMI Grolier, 226

Torres y Quevedo, L., 35

Trading stamps with computers, 175

Traffic control, 218

Trains, 215

Transcontinental & Western Air Lines, 186

TransfeRobot, 4, 213, 217

Transportation, 181

Transistors, 9, 87, 144

Translation computer, 91, 92, 237

Traveling-wave tube, 255

Truth tables, 110, 112

Tunnel diode, 255te

Turing, A. M., 191

TutorText, 226

UNESCO, 236

Unimate, 4, 212, 213

Union Carbide, 208

Unitary system, 97

Unicall, 243

United Air Lines, 182, 183

United States Industries, Inc., 213, 218, 225

UNIVAC computer, 47, 149, 151, 171, 221

University of California, 76

University of California at Berkeley, 238

University of California at Los Angeles, 133, 219

University of Illinois, 78

University of London, 8

University of Michigan, 135, 220

University of Pennsylvania, 46

University of Philadelphia, 193

University of Southern California, 225

University of Washington, 152

Upjohn Co., The, 127

Vacuum tubes, 9, 63, 114, 122

van Vogt, A. E., 267

Venn, John, 29, 38

Videosonic trainer, 222

VIDIAC character-generator, 242

Vitruvius, 25

Vocal computer, 67

Voltaire, 29

Voltmeter, 76

von Braun, Wernher, 168

von Kempelen, Wolfgang, 35

von Neumann, John, 130, 137, 156, 251, 253

Wall Street, 6, 176

Walter, Grey, 251

Walnut information retrieval system, 246, 247

War strategy, 143

Water clock, 24

Watt, James, 36, 203

_Way of All Flesh, The_, 32

Wearever Aluminum Co., 236

Weather Bureau, U. S., 166

Weather map, 164

Weather prediction, 15, 163

Wells, H. G., 13, 121

Werner, Gerhard, 123

Western Electric Co., 212

Western Reserve University, 245

Westinghouse Corp., 76, 211, 218

Whitehead, A. N., 110, 130

Wiener, Norbert, 123, 251

Williams, John, 268

Wood, Tom, 21

_World Brain_, 13

Wright Brothers, 18

X-15 aircraft, 71, 160

Young & Rubicam, 181

Zero, concept of, 24

Zuse L23 computer, 199

Zworykin, Vladimir, 194

● Transcriber’s Notes: ○ New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain. ○ The example of binary division on page 107 couldn’t accurately be drawn with HTML characters. ○ Some formulas and tables that could not replicated well in HTML were replaced by page images from the printed book. ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant form was found in this book. ○ Text that: was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_); was in bold by is enclosed by “equal” signs (=bold=). ○ The use of a caret (^) before a letter, or letters, shows that the following letter or letters was intended to be a superscript, as in 10^{th} Century. ○ Superscripts are used to indicate numbers raised to a power. In this plain text document, they are represented by characters like this: “P^3” or “10^{18}”, i.e. P cubed or 10 to the 18th power. ○ Variables in formulas sometimes use subscripts, which look like this: “A_{0}”. This would be read “A sub 0”.