CHAPTER XVII
FORM IN PLANTING
If in the foregoing chapters I have dwelt rather insistently on matters of colour, it is not that I under-rate the equal importance of form and proportion, but that I think that the question of colour, as regards its more careful use, is either more commonly neglected or has had fewer exponents. As in all matters relating to design in gardening, the good placing of plants in detail is a matter of knowledge of an artistic character. The shaping of every group of plants, to have the best effect, should not only be definitely intended but should be done with an absolute conviction by the hand that feels the _drawing_ that the group must have in relation to what is near, or to the whole form of the clump or border or whatever the nature of the place may be. I am only too well aware that to many this statement may convey no idea whatever, nevertheless I venture to insist upon its truth. Moreover, I am addressing this book to the consideration of those who are in sympathy with my views of gardening, among whom I know there are many who, even if they have not made themselves able, by study and long practice, to show in groundwork and garden design the quality known to artists as _drawing_--by which is meant a right movement of line and form and group--can at least recognise its value--indeed its supreme importance--when it is present, and do not, in its absence, fail to feel that the thing shown is without life, spirit, or reasonable justification.
Even a proficiency in some branch of fine art does not necessarily imply ability to lay out ground. I have known, in the intimate association of half a lifetime, a landscape painter, whose interpretation of natural beauty was of the most refined and poetical quality, and who truly loved flowers and beautiful vegetation, but who was quite incapable of personally arranging a garden; although it is more usual that an artist should almost unconsciously place plants well.
It is therefore not to be expected that it is enough to buy good plants and merely to tell the gardener of average ability to plant them in groups, as is now often done with the very best intention. It is impossible for the gardener to know what is meant. In all the cases that have come under my notice, where such indefinite instruction has been given, the things have been planted in stiff blocks. Quite lately I came upon such an example in the garden of a friend who is by no means without a sense of beauty. There was a bank-like space on the outskirts of the pleasure-ground where it was wished to have a wild Heath garden. A better place could hardly be, for the soil is light and sandy and the space lies out in full sunlight. The ground had been thrown about into ridges and valleys, but without any reference to its natural form, whereas with half the labour it might have been guided into slight hollows, ridges, and promontories of good line and proportion. I found it planted as in the upper plan; the path stiffly edged with one kind of Heath on one side and another kind on the other; the back planting in rectangular blocks; near the front bushes of Veronica at exactly even distances, and between them the same number of Heaths in each interval quite stiffly planted. Some of the blocks at the back were of Violets--plants quite unsuited to the place. Yet, only leaving out the Violets, all the same plants might have been disposed so as to come quite easily and naturally as shown on the lower plan. Then a thin sowing of the finer Heath grasses, to include the pathway, where alone they would be mown, and a clever interplanting of wild Thyme and the native Wood Sage (_Teucrium Scorodonia_), common on the neighbouring heaths, would have put the whole thing together and would have given the impression, so desirable in wild planting, of the thing having so happened, rather than of its having been artificially made.
In planting or thinning trees also, the whole ultimate good of the effect will depend on this sense of form and good grouping. If these qualities are secured, the result in after years will be a poem; if they are neglected it will be nothing but a crop.
I can imagine nothing more interesting than the guiding and part-planting of large stretches of natural young woodland with some hilly ground above and water at the foot. As it is, I have to be content with my little wood of ten acres; yet I am truly glad to have even that small space to treat with reverent thankfulness and watchful care.
INDEX
A
Abutilon vitifolium, 66, 109
Acanthus, 25, 88; as tub plant, 118
Achillea, The Pearl, 72
Adonis, 25
Æsculus, 73
Agapanthus, 117
Agathea cœlestis, 49, 63
Ageratum, 81, 102
Alexandrian Laurel, 104
Alpenrose, 19, 33, 85
Alyssum, 26
Amelanchier, 12
Anchusa, 43, 46
Andromeda, 13, 19, 33, 85, 124, 136
Anemone sylvestris, 37; japonica, 81
Annuals, half hardy, 50, 57; hardy, 57
Apples, 131
Arbutus, 85
Arenaria balearica, 33; montana, 34
Artemisia stelleriana, 63, 72, 80
Asarum, 16, 34
Asters, China, 74, 81, 117; perennial, 72, 80, 128
August, Flower-border in, 65
Aubrietia, 27
Aucuba, 104
Azalea, 84
B
Bambusa tessellata, 88; as tub plant, 118
Bay, 128
Bedding plants, 50
Begonias, 81; with Megasea, 82
Blue flowers, 63, 68
Blue garden, 90, 103
Briars, Scotch, 46, 124
Broom, white, 36, 37, 136
Bulb-border, 5
C
Camassia, 34
Campanula pyramidalis in steps, 126; persicifolia, 40, 105; lactiflora, 58
Campanulas in pots, 113
Canna, 70, 78; in pots, 113
Canterbury Bells, 50; in pots, 113
Caryopteris, 73
Catmint, 46, 72, 102
Chalky banks, plants for, 111
China Rose, 107
Choisya ternata, 50
Cineraria maritima, 63, 65, 72, 80
Cistus, 13, 19, 61, 66, 85, 136
Clematis montana, 29, 34, 39, 50, 107
C. davidiana, 68, 79
C. Flammula, 54, 109
C. recta, 62, 103
C. Vitalba, 85, 111
Climbing plants, 106
Colour, in woodland, 1; scheme of Rhododendrons, 15; of old Scotch Fir, 17; tender in spring garden, 24; strong in spring garden, 25
Colour-combinations, 47, 51, 60, 72, 73, 122
Colour, optical effect of, 52; gardens of special, 89; of paint for garden accessories, 119
Colour-planting for winter, 133
Coltsfoot, variegated, 81, 104
Columbines, 35, 40, 85
Coreopsis, 59, 70
Corydalis ochroleuca, 27, 37
Cottage gardens, 106
Cranesbill, 42, 49
Crown Imperial, 25
D
Daffodils, 7, 14
Dahlias, 66, 70, 78, 81, 128; best kinds for border use, 82
Daphne Mezereon, 2
Delphinium Belladonna, 63, 103; grandiflorum, 63
Dentaria, 28, 85
Desmodium penduliflorum, 111
Dictamnus, 24, 50
Dielytra spectabilis, 27
Dog-tooth Violet, 2
Drifts in planting, 2, 11, 15, 24
E
Elymus, 65, 67, 102; in the grey garden, 102
Empty spaces in borders, filling up, 55, 67
Epilobium, 85
Epimedium, 34, 38, 85
Eryngium, 59, 72, 104
Eulalia, 65, 104
Euphorbia Wulfenii, 22, 38, 50, 128
Evergreens for winter effect, 135
Exochorda, 36
F
Fern, Lady, 13, 34; Osmunda, 13; Fern, Male, 6, 13, 35, 39, 125; dilated shield, 13, 22; Polypody, 13; hardy Ferns, 85, 88, 104, 136; Ferns in pots, 113
Fern walk, 15
Feverfew, Golden Feather, 81
Fig, 107, 128
Flower-border, 50
Form in planting, 138
Forsythia suspensa, 4, 111, 130
Foxgloves, 16, 40, 44, 85
Francoa, 113, 116
Fruit garden, beautiful, 127
Fuchsia, 117, 128
Fumaria bulbosa, 6
Funkia, 86, 104, 112; F. Sieboldi as tub plant, 118
G
Galvanised iron roof, treatment of, 56
Gaultheria, 13, 84, 136
Gentiana asclepiadea, 85
Geranium ibericum, 42
Geraniums (Pelargonium), 113
Gladiolus, 70, 79; in pots, 113
Godetia, 72
Gold garden, 90; plants for, 92
Golden Elder, 100
Golden Plane, 91
Goodyera, 16
Gourds, 111
Green-barked shrubs, 135
Green garden, 104
Grey garden, 90, 101; plants for, 101
Grey plants, 4, 51, 60, 65, 71, 80, 101
Grouping of plants, 140
Guelder Rose, 36, 108
Gypsophila, 53, 70, 72, 87, 102
H
Heath, 19, 20, 85, 136; path, 19
Helenium pumilum, 70
Helianthus, 69, 79; in the Gold garden, 100
Hellebores, Lent, 2, 6, 34
Heracleum, 44
Heuchera Richardsoni, 26, 29
Hidden Garden, 32
Hill-side for planting, 38
Hollyhock, 70, 128
Hydrangea, 67, 113, 116, 128; as tub plants, 123; H. paniculata, 87
I
Iberis, see Spring-garden, 50
Ipomæa Heavenly Blue, 110
Iris, dwarf, 29; Cengialti, 34; flag-leaved, 31, 32, 39, 42, 49, 128; special borders of, 44
J
Jasminum nudiflorum, 111, 136
July, flower-border, 58
June garden, 39; climbers in June, 47
Juniper, 136
K
Kalmia, 84
Kerria, 107
L
Laburnum, arch of, 80
Lavender, 72, 73; dwarf, 63
Laurel, 137
Ledum palustre, 85
Lent Hellebores, 2, 6, 136
Leycesteria formosa, 28, 135
Lilies, 35, 85, 103; in the grey garden, 101; in pots, 113
Lilium auratum, 12, 80; longiflorum, 68, 72, 125; giganteum, 29; candidum, 103, 104, 124
Lily of the Valley, 86
Lithospermum, 26
Lobelias, 66
Lupines, 39; tree lupines, 45, 88, 103, 130; as tub plants, 118
M
Magnolia, 107; conspicua, 4, 66; stellata, 5, 128
Maiden's Wreath, 113, 116
Maize, 103
Marigold, African, 68, 79, 81
May-blooming shrubs, 36
Megasea, 86; in bulb-border, 6; in spring garden, 22; in pots, 113
Mertensia, 25
Mowing-machine, track of, 14
Mulberry, 128
Mulching the flower-border, 51
Mullein, 44
Myosotis, 25
Myrrhis, 22, 104
Myrtle, 107
N
Narcissus, in bulb-border, 7
Nepeta Mussini, with grey plants, 46
Nut-walk, 132
O
Olearia Haastii, 73, 130; O. Gunni, 128
Orchard, 131; wild orchard, 132
Orobus vernus, 27
Othonna, 38
P
Paint for tubs, &c., 118
Paths, wood, 13
Papaver rupifragum, 43; P. pilosum, 43; P. orientale, 43
Pea, White Everlasting, 53, 65, 72, 103
Pentstemons, 40, 63, 79
Peonies, 39, 41, 88, 128
Peony albiflora, 42
Peony, tree, 26, 33; as tub plants, 117
Perowskya, 73
Phlomis, 80
Phlox divaricata, 26, 31, 33; amœna, 26; stellaria, 31
Pictures, living, 5, 9; some garden, 121
Planting in drifts, 15, 24
Plumbago capense, 79, 103
Polygonum, 86
Pots, plants in, 112
Primrose Garden, 31
Privet, golden, 65
Pyrus japonica, 4, 106
Pyrus malus floribunda, 36
Q
Quarries, desirable for planting, 111
R
Reed, 134
Reedmace, 134
Rhododendron, 3, 12, 84, 136
Ribbon Grass, 104
Robinia, 66
Rocky hillside, planting for, 111
Rosa altaica, 37; Burnet Rose, 37; Fairy Rose, 122
Rosemary, 42, 107
Roses, garden, 40, 41, 130; with coloured bark, 134
Roses, rambling, 35, 43, 62, 85, 111, 132
Rubus nutkanus, 12, 88; odoratus, 12; deliciosus, 29
Rudbeckia Golden Glow, 69, 79
Rue, 65, 79, 103
Ruscus, 104
S
Salvia splendens, 79
Santolina, 65
Scillas, 6
Sea Kale, 51, 58, 65, 67
Sedum spectabile, 81
Senecio artemisiæfolius, 59, 70
September, Flower-border in, 78
Skimmia, 19, 104, 136
Smilacina, 18
Snapdragons, 40, 63, 66, 80, 81, 103
Solanum crispum, 110; jasminoides, 110
Solomon's Seal, 25, 33
Special colouring, gardens of, 89
Spiræa Aruncus, 42, 88, 103; Lindleyana, 109
Spring garden, 21
Stachys, 72, 80; lanata, 28
Staking and supporting, 55
St. Bruno's Lily, 34
Stonecrops on iron roof, 56
Sweet Cicely, 22, 40
Sweet Verbena, 110
T
Tamarisk, 91, 130
Thalictrum, 59, 103
Thyme, wild, 126
Tiarella, 37
Training down tall plants, 54, 69, 79
Training plants one over another, 53, 72, 102
Trientalis, 16
Trillium, 15, 85
Tritoma, 78, 128
Tubs, plants for, 117
Tulips, 24, 25
U
Uvularia, 28, 38, 85
V
Valerian, 111
Veratrum, 22
Verbascum, 44, 66
Veronica Traversi, 28; Veronicas as tub plants, 117
Vine, Claret, 66; Vine, 106, 107, 111, 128
W
Wallflower, 25
Wall shrubs, 66
Water Elder, 37
Whortleberry, 17
Wild gardening, 13
Willows, 133
Winter colour, 133
Winter walk, 135
Witch Hazel, 136
Woodland, 8
Wood paths, 13; wood and shrubbery edges, 83
Woodruff, 34
Y
Yew hedges, 91
Yucca, 25, 50, 65, 101, 103, 128; raised borders for, 71
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=By Mrs. K. L. DAVIDSON.= Containing full and clearly-written instructions as to the management of a cold greenhouse, together with a list of plants that may be grown therein. 8s. 6d. net; by post, 8s. 10d.
"COUNTRY LIFE" LIBRARY OF SPORT
Edited by HORACE G. HUTCHINSON
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=Morning Post.=--"Few books on any sport, and perhaps none on fishing, have ever deserved better the description 'thorough.' To its title-page might well have been added the motto of the Royal Agricultural Society, 'Science with Practice,' and to the title itself, 'The Angler's Encyclopædia.' From Cornwall to John o' Groats, from Wales to Norway, from Florida to India and Burma--here you may find what there is to be caught and how to catch it. And no detail seems to have been overlooked. Localities, baits, tackle, choice of rods, methods of casting, likely times--all are fully covered by experts who write from long experience, and not because they spend odd days of the week going a-fishing and resolved to write a book about it.... The book is profusely, delightfully, and usefully illustrated. The salmon flies are excellent, and so are the prints showing right and wrong methods of casting, bringing in a fish, and gaffing.... 'Fishing' has fully achieved its stated object of providing such information as may make a man an intelligent and a successful angler if he has an average brain and a love for craft."
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=Yorkshire Daily Post.=--"The practical worth of the volume is nearly equal to the combined worth of all the books that have been written on the theory and practice of golf."
=Pall Mall Gazette.=--"Each article is written by a man who knows his subject, and the book is brightened by a number of most admirable and helpful photographs. It will be useful to secretaries of links already established, and even more so to gentlemen who are thinking of pegging out a new course; and we have no hesitation in saying that it should be on the library shelves of every golf club pavilion in the kingdom as a valuable practical treatise."
=Irish Times.=--"This is the first book on the subject. It is an excellent book, and one which every member of every green committee should read and re-read."
HALF A CENTURY OF SPORT IN HAMPSHIRE
Being Extracts from the shooting journals of =JAMES EDWARD=, second Earl of Malmesbury, with a prefatory memoir by his great grandson, the Fifth Earl. Edited by =F. G. AFLALO=. 10s. 6d. net; by post, 10s. 11d.
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=Scotsman.=--"A work than which there could be no better document of a man's claim to speak with authority. This treatise is learned in the ancient history of the game, well informed and exact in its directions as to how it is played in the various quarters of the globe, and broad minded in its suggestions of an international code for the furtherance of its future prosperity. It has many admirable illustrations, and a delightful chapter of personal reminiscences, discusses all the practical business of the game with a knowledge which the most expert will be the readiest to value highly, and brings together into a well-stocked appendix a collection of rules and regulations and a list of clubs which materially increase the usefulness of the book for purposes of reference. The volume promises at once to take rank as a book of first importance in the literature of its subject."
COUNTRY LIFE
THE JOURNAL FOR ALL INTERESTED IN COUNTRY LIFE AND COUNTRY PURSUITS
Subscription Prices per annum (Post free): Inland, 29s. 2d.; Foreign, 47s. Weekly, Price, 6d.
Country Life is a weekly journal addressed to all interested in country life and country pursuits. One of its main features is the celebrated series of COUNTRY HOMES and GARDENS OLD AND NEW; in each number a country seat, remarkable either for its beauty or something peculiarly instructive in the architecture of the house, gardens or grounds, is elaborately illustrated in a manner that has proved of high service to those engaged in building and laying out or improving their estates. Other features of rural life are dealt with in an equally thorough manner. The methods pursued on our most famous estates and farms are minutely described, and photographs of the finest pedigree stock and the best machinery are given. All forms of healthy outdoor sport are described and illustrated in their season. In no case, however, are the facts set forth dry, as the journal numbers among its contributors some of the most graceful and accomplished writers of the present day. New books are also described and discussed by competent critics, so that altogether the journal is calculated to give the best news and views on all subjects that are of interest in cultivated circles, and the wholesomeness and fine open-air feeling that pervades its pages have almost become proverbial. COUNTRY LIFE has, in fact, become indispensable.
=Dally Telegraph.=--"'Country Life' is generally admitted to be the most beautifully produced of all the weeklies. Its process illustrations are unmatched, and the letterpress is always carefully selected and good in quality."
=Westminster Gazette.=--"To say of 'Country Life' that it is one of the best of our illustrated productions is stating only half a fact, inasmuch as in some of its features it stands alone. Its splendid gallery of stately mansions, beautiful interiors, and grand old gardens are incomparable."
=Daily Mail.=--"'Country Life' has established itself as the most beautifully produced weekly journal in the world."
=Daily News.=--"There is no feature of life in the country that is untouched, and a bound volume of 'Country Life' is a real joy to possess and frequently to turn over."
=Spectator.=--"'Country Life' amply fulfils its promise of being 'the journal for all interested in country life and country pursuits.'"
=Liverpool Daily Courier.=--"There is scarcely a number without one or more contributions of literary or other interest which will stand reading, re-reading and study."
LONDON: PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICES OF "COUNTRY LIFE," LTD., TAVISTOCK ST., COVENT GARDEN; AND BY GEORGE NEWNES, LTD., SOUTHAMPTON ST., STRAND, W.C.
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Transcriber's Notes
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.
Variations in hyphenation have been standardised, but other variations in spelling, punctuation and accents remain as in the original.
The index entry for Solomon's seal has been corrected from 55. 37 to 25, 33.
The sequence of the table of illustrations has been altered by exchanging A SEPTEMBER GREY GARDEN and THE GREY BORDERS: GYPSOPHILA, ECHINOPS, &C. to correspond with the sequence of the illustrations in the book.
Italics are represented thus _italic_ and bold thus =bold=.
End of Project Gutenberg's Colour in the flower garden, by Gertrude Jekyll