Color Key to North American Birds with bibliographical appendix
Part 26
129 American Merganser Mergus americanus 76 130 Red-breasted Merganser " serrator 76 131 Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 76 [131.1] Smew Mergellus albellus A.V. 132 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 76 133 Black Duck " rubripes 77 134 Florida Duck " fulvigula fulvigula 77 134_a_ Mottled Duck " " maculosa 77 135 Gadwall Chaulelasmus streperus 77 136 European Widgeon Mareca penelope 77 137 Baldpate " americana 77 [138] European Teal Nettion crecca A.V. 139 Green-winged Teal " carolinense 78 140 Blue-winged Teal Querquedula discors 78 141 Cinnamon Teal " cyanoptera 78 [141.1] Ruddy Sheldrake Casarca ferruginea A.V. 142 Shoveller Spatula clypeata 78 143 Pintail Dafila acuta 76 144 Wood Duck Aix sponsa 78 [145] Rufous-crested Duck Netta rufina A.V. 146 Redhead Marila americana 79 147 Canvas-back " valisineria 79 148 American Scaup Duck " marila 79 149 Lesser Scaup Duck " affinis 79 150 Ring-necked Duck " collaris 79 151 American Golden-eye Clangula clangula americana 80 152 Barrow's Golden-eye " islandica 80 153 Buffle-head Charitonetta albeola 80 154 Old-squaw Harelda hyemalis 81 155 Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus 81 156 Labrador Duck Camptorhynchus labradorius 81 157 Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri 81 158 Spectacled Eider Arctonetta fischeri 82 159 Northern Eider Somateria mollissima borealis 82 160 American Eider " dresseri 82 161 Pacific Eider " v-nigra 82 162 King Eider " spectabilis 82 163 American Scoter Oidemia americana 83 [164] Velvet Scoter " fusca A.V. 165 White-winged Scoter " deglandi 83 166 Surf Scoter " perspicillata 83 167 Ruddy Duck Erismatura jamaicensis 80 [168] Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus 80 169 Lesser Snow Goose Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus 84 169_a_ Greater Snow Goose " " nivalis 84 169.1 Blue Goose " cærulescens 85 170 Ross's Goose " rossi 84 [171] European White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons albifrons A.V. 171_a_ White-fronted Goose " " gambeli 85 [171.1] Bean Goose " fabalis A.V. [171.2] Pink-footed Goose " brachyrhynchus A.V. 172 Canada Goose Branta canadensis canadensis 86 172_a_ Hutchins's Goose " " hutchinsi 86 172_b_ White-cheeked Goose " " occidentalis 86 172_c_ Cackling Goose " " minima 86 173_a_ Brant " bernicla glaucogastra 86 174 Black Brant " nigricans 86 [175] Barnacle Goose " leucopsis A.V. 176 Emperor Goose Philacte canagica 85 177 Black-bellied Tree-duck Dendrocygna autumnalis 83 178 Fulvous Tree-duck " bicolor 83 [179] Whooper Swan Olor cygnus A.V. 180 Whistling Swan " columbianus 84 181 Trumpeter Swan " buccinator 84
Order ODONTOGLOSSÃ. Lamellirostral Grallatores
Family PHOENICOPTERIDÃ. Flamingoes.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
182 Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber 89
Order HERODIONES. Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc.
Family PLATALEIDÃ. Spoonbills.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
183 Roseate Spoonbill Ajaia ajaja 89
Family IBIDIDÃ. Ibises.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
184 White Ibis Guara alba 90 [185] Scarlet Ibis " rubra 89 186 Glossy Ibis Plegadis autumnalis 90 187 White-faced Glossy Ibis " guarauna 90
Family CICONDIIDÃ. Storks and Wood Ibises.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
188 Wood Ibis Mycteria americana 90 [189] Jabiru Jabiru mycteria A.V.
Family ARDEIDÃ. Herons, Bitterns, etc.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
190 American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus 91 191 Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis 91 191.1 Cory's Least Bittern " neoxenus 91 192 Great White Heron Ardea occidentalis 92 194 Great Blue Heron " herodias herodias 93 194_a_ Northwestern Coast Heron " " fannini 93 194_b_ Ward's Heron " " wardi 93 [195] European Heron " cinerea A.V. 196 American Egret Herodias egretta 92 197 Snowy Egret Egretta candidissima candidissima 92 197_a_ Brewster's Egret " " brewsteri 294 198 Reddish Egret Dichromanassa rufescens 94 199 Louisiana Heron Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis 94 200 Little Blue Heron Florida cærulea 94 201 Green Heron Butorides virescens virescens 94 201_a_ Frazar's Green Heron " " frazari 94 201_b_ Anthony's Green Heron " " anthonyi 94 202 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax nævius 93 203 Yellow-crowned Night Heron Nyctanassa violacea 93
Order PALUDICOLÃ. Cranes, Rails, etc.
Family GRUIDÃ. Cranes.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
204 Whooping Crane Grus americana 96 205 Little Brown Crane " canadensis 96 206 Sandhill Crane " mexicana 96
Family ARAMIDÃ. Courlans.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
207 Limpkin Aramus vociferus 96
Family RALLIDÃ. Rails, Gallinules, and Coots.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
208 King Rail Rallus elegans 97 209 Belding's Rail " beldingi 97 210 California Clapper Rail " obsoletus 97 210.1 Light-footed Rail " levipes 294 211 Clapper Rail " crepitans crepitans 98 211_a_ Louisiana Clapper Rail " " saturatus 98 211_b_ Florida Clapper Rail " " scotti 98 211_c_ Wayne's Clapper Rail " " waynei 98 211.2 Caribbean Clapper Rail " longirostris caribæus 98 212 Virginia Rail " virginianus 97 [213] Spotted Crake Porzana porzana A.V. 214 Sora " carolina 98 215 Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis 97 216 Black Rail Creciscus jamaicensis 98 216.1 Farallon Rail " coturniculus 294 [217] Corn Crake Crex crex A.V. 218 Purple Gallinule Ionornis martinicus 99 219 Florida Gallinule Gallinula galeata 99 [220] European Coot Fulica atra A.V. 221 Coot " americana 99
Order LIMICOLÃ. Shore Birds.
Family PHALAROPODIDÃ. Phalaropes.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
222 Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius 102 223 Northern Phalarope Lobipes lobatus 102 224 Wilson's Phalarope Steganopus tricolor 102
Family RECURVIROSTRIDÃ. Avocets and Stilts.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
225 Avocet Recurvirostra americana 103 226 Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus 105
Family SCOLOPACIDÃ. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
[227] European Woodcock Scolopax rusticola A.V. 228 Woodcock Philohela minor 105 [229] European Snipe Gallinago gallinago A.V. 230 Wilson's Snipe " delicata 105 [230.1] Great Snipe " media A.V. 231 Dowitcher Macrorhamphus griseus griseus 106 232 Long-billed Dowitcher " " scolopaceus 106 233 Stilt Sandpiper Micropalama himantopus 106 234 Knot Tringa canutus 106 235 Purple Sandpiper Arquatella maritima maritima 107 235_a_ Aleutian Sandpiper " " couesi 107 235_b_ Pribilof Sandpiper " " ptilocnemis 108 238 Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Pisobia aurita 109 239 Pectoral Sandpiper " maculata 109 240 White-rumped Sandpiper " fuscicollis 109 241 Baird's Sandpiper " bairdi 109 242 Least Sandpiper " minutilla 109 [242.1] Long-toed Stint " damacensis A.V. [243] Dunlin Pelidna alpina alpina A.V. 243_a_ Red-backed Sandpiper " " sakhalina 108 244 Curlew Sandpiper Erolia ferruginea 106 [245] Spoonbill Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmæus A.V. 246 Semipalmated Sandpiper Ereunetes pusillus 108 247 Western Sandpiper " mauri 108 248 Sanderling Calidris leucophæa 108 249 Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa 110 250 Pacific Godwit " lapponica baueri 110 251 Hudsonian Godwit " hæmastica 110 [252] Black-tailed Godwit " limosa A.V. [253] Green-shank Glottis nebularia A.V. [253.1] Red-shank Totanus totanus A.V. 254 Greater Yellow-legs " melanoleucus 111 255 Yellow-legs " flavipes 111 256 Solitary Sandpiper Helodromas solitarius solitarius 107 256_a_ Western Solitary Sandpiper " " cinnamomeus 107 [257] Green Sandpiper " ocrophus A.V. 258 Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus 111 258_a_ Western Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus 111 259 Wandering Tatler Heteractitis incanus 111 [260] Ruff Machetes pugnax A.V. 261 Upland Plover Bartramia longicauda 105 262 Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis 105 263 Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia 107 264 Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus 103 265 Hudsonian Curlew Numenius hudsonicus 103 266 Eskimo Curlew " borealis 103 [267] Whimbrel " phæopus A.V. 268 Bristle-thighed Curlew " tahitiensis 295
Family CHARADRIIDÃ. Plovers.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
[269] Lapwing Vanellus vanellus A.V. [269.1] Dotterel Eudromias morinellus A.V. 270 Black-bellied Plover Squatarola squatarola 110 [271] European Golden Plover Charadrius apricarius A.V. 272 Golden Plover " dominicus dominicus 110 272_a_ Pacific Golden Plover " " fulvus 110 273 Killdeer Oxyechus vociferus 112 274 Semipalmated Plover Ãgialitis semipalmata 112 275 Ringed Plover " hiaticula 112 [276] Little Ringed Plover " dubia A.V. 277 Piping Plover " meloda 112 278 Snowy Plover " nivosa 112 [279] Mongolian Plover " mongola A.V. 280 Wilson's Plover Ochthodromus wilsonius 112 281 Mountain Plover Podasocys montanus 105
Family APHRIZIDÃ. Surf Birds and Turnstones.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
282 Surf-bird Aphriza virgata 111 283 Turnstone Arenaria interpres interpres 102 283_a_ Ruddy Turnstone " " morinella 102 284 Black Turnstone " melanocephala 107
Family HÃMATOPODIDÃ. Oyster-Catchers.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
[285] European Oyster-catcher Hæmatopus ostralegus A.V. 286 Oyster-catcher " palliatus 104 286.1 Frazar's Oyster-catcher " frazari 104 287 Black Oyster-catcher " bachmani 104
Family JACANIDÃ. Jacanas.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
[288] Mexican Jacana Jacana spinosa 102
Order GALLINÃ. Gallinaceous Birds
Family ODONTOPHORIDÃ. Bob-whites, Quails, etc.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
289 Bob-white Colinus virginianus virginianus 115 289_a_ Florida Bob-white " " floridanus 115 289_b_ Texas Bob-white " " texanus 115 291 Masked Bob-white " ridgwayi 115 292 Mountain Quail Oreortyx picta picta 116 292_a_ Plumed Quail " " plumifera 116 292_b_ San Pedro Quail " " confinis 116 293 Scaled Quail Callipepla squamata squamata 116 293_a_ Chestnut-bellied Scaled Quail " " castanogastris 116 294 California Quail Lophortyx californica californica 116 294_a_ Valley Quail " " vallicola 116 295 Gambel's Quail " gambeli 116 296 Mearns's Quail Cyrtonyx montezumæ mearnsi 115
Family TETRAONIDÃ. Grouse, Partridges, etc.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
297 Dusky Grouse Dendragapus obscurus obscurus 117 297_a_ Sooty Grouse " " fuliginosus 117 297_b_ Richardson's Grouse " " richardsoni 117 297_c_ Sierra Grouse " " sierræ 295 298 Hudsonian Spruce Partridge Canachites canadensis canadensis 117 298_b_ Alaska Spruce Partridge " " osgoodi 117 298_c_ Canada Spruce Partridge " " canace 117 299 Franklin's Grouse " franklini 117 300 Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus umbellus 118 300_a_ Canada Ruffed Grouse " " togata 118 300_b_ Gray Ruffed Grouse " " umbelloides 118 300_c_ Oregon Ruffed Grouse " " sabini 118 301 Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus lagopus 119 301_a_ Allen's Ptarmigan " " alleni 119 301_b_ Alexander's Ptarmigan " " alexandræ 295 301_c_ Ungava Ptarmigan " " ungavus 295 302 Rock Ptarmigan " rupestris rupestris 119 302_a_ Reinhardt's Ptarmigan " " reinhardi 119 302_b_ Nelson's Ptarmigan " " nelsoni 119 302_c_ Turner's Ptarmigan " " atkhensis 120 302_d_ Townsend's Ptarmigan " " townsendi 120 302_e_ Adak Ptarmigan " " chamberlaini 296 302_f_ Dixon's Ptarmigan " " dixoni 296 302.1 Evermann's Ptarmigan " evermanni 120 303 Welch's Ptarmigan " welchi 120 304 White-tailed Ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus leucurus 118 304_a_ Kenai White-tailed Ptarmigan " " peninsularis 118 305 Prairie Chicken Tympanuchus americanus americanus 121 305_a_ Attwater's Prairie Chicken " " attwateri 121 306 Heath Hen " cupido 121 307 Lesser Prairie Chicken " pallidicinctus 121 308 Sharp-tailed Grouse PediÅcetes phasianellus phasianellus 121 308_a_ Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse PediÅcetes phasianellus columbianus 121 308_b_ Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse " " campestris 121 309 Sage Hen Centrocercus urophasianus 122
Family MELEAGRIDÃ. Turkeys.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
310 Merriam's Turkey Meleagris gallopavo merriami 122 310_a_ Wild Turkey " " silvestris 122 310_b_ Florida Turkey " " osceola 122 310_c_ Rio Grande Turkey " " intermedia 122
Family CRACIDÃ. Curassows and Guans.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
311 Chachalaca Ortalis vetula mccalli 122
Order COLUMBÃ. Pigeons
Family COLUMBIDÃ. Pigeons.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
312 Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata fasciata 124 312_a_ Viosca's Pigeon " " vioscæ 124 313 Red-billed Pigeon " flavirostris 124 314 White-crowned Pigeon " leucocephala 124 [314.1] Scaled Pigeon " squamosa A.V. 315 Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius 125 316 Mourning Dove Zenaidura macroura carolinensis 125 316_i_ Western Mourning Dove " " marginella 296 317 Zenaida Dove Zenaida zenaida 125 318 White-fronted Dove Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera 125 319 West Indian White-winged Dove Melopelia asiatica asiatica 126 319_a_ White-winged Dove " " trudeaui 296 320 Ground Dove Chæmepelia passerina terrestris 126 320_a_ Mexican Ground Dove " " pallescens 126 320_b_ Bermuda Ground Dove " " bermudiana 126 321 Inca Dove Scardafella inca 126 [322] Key West Quail-dove Geotrygon chrysia 126 [322.1] Ruddy Quail-dove " montana 126 [323] Blue-headed Quail-dove StarnÅnas cyanocephala 126
Order RAPTORES. Birds of Prey.
Family CATHARTIDÃ. American Vultures.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
324 California Vulture Gymnogyps californianus 129 325 Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura septentrionalis 129 326 Black Vulture Catharista urubu 129
Family BUTEONIDÃ. Hawks, Eagles, Kites, etc.
A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page