Part 4

Captain John Spoor's Company. 2 Lieutenants, 4 Sergeants, 4 Corporals, 1 Drummer, 1 Fifer, and 59 men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

One man taken prisoner, 11 killed Oct. 19, 1780, 2 killed Oct. 20, 1780.

Captain Samuel Warner's Company may have been left at Fort Paris or stationed elsewhere. 2 Lieutenants, 5 Sergeants, 5 Corporals, 1 Drummer, 1 Fifer, and 73 men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Captain William White's Company. 2 Lieutenants, 2 Sergeants, 2 Corporals, 1 Fifer, and 56 men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

1 private killed, 1 private wounded, 1 taken prisoner. --- Whole force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Total killed Oct. 19, 1780, 29; wounded, 1; prisoner, 1.

Besides these Berkshire men, perhaps Captain John Kasselman's Tryon Company Rangers were at Fort Paris, and Captain John Zelley's Company at Fort Keyser.

From "New York in the Revolution":--

_Tryon County Rangers._

Captain, John Kasselman. Lieutenant, John Empie. Ensign, George Gittman.

Badier, John. Bickerd, Adolph. Dusler, Jacob. Empie, John. Ettigh, Conrad. Fry, Jacob. Gittman, Peter. Harth, Daniel. Hayne, George. Hortigh, Andrew. House, Peter. Kasselman, John. Kutzer, Leonard. Kulman, Henry. Shnell, John. Smith, Henry. Smith, William. Strater, Nicholas. Tillenbach, Christian. Vanderwerke, John. Walter, Adams. Walter, Christian.

Probably at Fort Paris.

Captain John Zelley's Company, Second Regiment, Tryon County, Colonel Jacob Klock.

Also John Wafel, William Wafel, Conrad Spraker, George Spraker, William (?) Dygert.

Probably at Fort Keyser.

NOTE 5.

See "Rules and Articles for better Government of the Troops of the Thirteen United English Colonies of North America." Printed by William and Thomas Bradford, 1775. John Hancock, President. Philadelphia, Nov. 7, 1775. (Massachusetts Historical Society Collections.)

Plunder or pillage always incident to war, and, whatever rules exist for restraint, the conflict usually leads to authorized devastation and plunder, retaliatory to exhaust the enemy. For instances, in Civil War of 1861-65, Sherman's destruction of property in march through Southern territory, Sheridan's destroying agents in the Shenandoah Valley.

By Hague rule of 1899, July 29, pillage of a town or place even when taken by assault is prohibited.

How about Allies in Pekin?

See Instructions to United States Army in the field. General Orders, April 24, 1863, War of Rebellion:--

All wanton violence committed against persons in the invaded country, all destruction of property not commanded by the authorized officer, all robbing, all pillage and sacking even after taking a place by main force, all rape, wounding, maiming or killing of such inhabitants are prohibited, under penalty of death or such other severe punishment as may seem adequate to the gravity of the offence.

A soldier, officer, or private may be killed by superior officer for such act. See John Bassett Moore's "Digest of International Law."

NOTE 6.

Brown was more outspoken than General Wayne. See "Major-general Anthony Wayne, and the Pennsylvania Line," by Charles J. Stillé, President Historical Society of Pennsylvania. J. B. Lippincott Company, 1893. (Pages 235 _et seq._)

GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE TO H. A. SHEEL.

HAVERSTRAW NEAR STONEY POINT 2d Oct 1780.

_Dear Sheel_

I am confident that the perfidy of Genl. Arnold will astonish the multitude--the high rank he bore--the eclat he had obtained (whether honestly or not) justified the world in giving it him.

But there were a few Gentlemen who at a very early period of this war became acquainted with his true character! when you asked my opinion of that officer I gave it freely & believe you thought it rather strongly shaded.

I think I informed you that I had the most despicable Idea of him both as a Gentleman & a Soldier--& that he had produced a conviction on me in 1776 that honor & true Virtue were Strangers to his Soul and however Contradictory it might appear--that he never possessed either fortitude or personal bravery--he was naturally a Coward and never went in the way of Danger but when Stimulated by liquor even to Intoxication, consequently Incapacitated from Conducting any Command Committed to his charge.

I shall not dwell upon his Military Character or the measures he had adopted for the surrender of West Point--that being already fully Elucidated but will give you a small specimen of his _peculate_ talents.

What think you of his employing Sutlers to retail the publick Liquors for his private Emolument & furnishing his Quarters with beds & other furniture by paying for them with Pork, Salt, Flour &c. drawn from the Magazine--he has not stopped here, he has descended much lower--& defrauded the old Veteran Soldiers who have bled for their Country in many a well fought field--for more than five Campaigns among others an old Sergeant of mine has felt his rapacity by the Industry of this man's wife they had accumulated something handsome to support them in their advanced age--which coming to the knowledge of this cruel Spoiler--he borrowed 4500 dollars from the poor Credulous Woman & left her in the lurch.

The dirty--dirty acts which he has been capable of Committing beggar all description--and are of such a nature as would cause the _Infernals to blush_--were they accused with the Invention or Execution of them.

The detached & Debilitated state of the Garrison of West Point--Insured success to the assailants--the enemy were all in perfect readiness for the Enterprise--& the discovery of the treason only prevented an Immediate attempt by open force to carry those works which _perfidy_ would have effected the fall of, by a slower & less sanguine mode.--Our army was out of protecting distance the troops in the possession of the Works a spiritless Miserabile Vulgus--in whose hands the fate of America seemed suspended in this Situation his Excellency (in imitation of Cæsar & his tenth legion) called for his Veterans--the summons arrived at one o'clock in the morning & we took up our line of March at 2.

HUGH A. SHEEL TO GENERAL WAYNE.

PHILA Oct. 22, 1780

_My dear General_

... the character you gave me in confidence of Arnold _several months_ ago made a strong impression on my mind it has been verified fully--his villany & machinations never could have been carried on but through the medium of his Tory acquaintance in this place....

APPENDIX.

A very valuable map of the Province of New York, by Claude Joseph Sauthier, drawn for Major-general William Tryon in 1779, is found in "The Documentary History of New York," showing the Mohawk Valley grants, old forts, etc.

_Fort Paris_, Dec. 19, 1776, Captain Christian Getman's Rangers, Tryon County militia, were stationed at Stone Arabia, and were ordered, when not ranging, to cut timber for building a fort, under direction of Isaac Paris, Esq. (Mr. Paris was in Provincial Congress and later in State Senate.) It was a palisaded enclosure of stone and block-houses for a garrison of from two to three hundred (200-300) men. Begun in December, 1776, it was completed in the spring of 1777. It was situated on a most beautiful plain three or four miles north-east of Fort Plain, one-half a mile north of Stone Arabia churches, twelve (12) rods from the road. North of it water would run into the Sacondaga, and thence into upper waters of the Hudson; south into Mohawk waters. It is easily reached from Palatine Bridge, and is nearly one thousand feet above sea-level. In the fall of 1779, Colonel Fred. Fisher (Visscher), of Third Regiment, Tryon County militia, was at Fort Paris.

May 12, 1780, Colonel Jacob Klock, Second Regiment of Tryon County men, was there.

June 24, 1780, General Robert Van Rensselaer, of Second Brigade of Albany militia, was ordered to Fort Paris.

July 26, 1780, he left there (perhaps, however, to return), to assist the Canajoharie men at Fort Schuyler.

When John Brown took command there I do not know.

The conclusion of the matter of Oct. 19, 1780 was _battle of Klock's Field_ or _Fox's Mills_. On that day and the 18th Sir John Johnson laid waste the whole of Stone Arabia district after burning Caughnawaga.

Brown's defeat in the morning of October 19 did not, however, involve Fort Paris, which was held by Major Root. Although immediate relief of the fort and pursuit of Johnson were essential, Van Rensselaer did not cross the Mohawk until afternoon, crossing at Fort Plain. The enemy was entrenched on the north side of the river, about St. Johnsville, near a stockade or block-house at Klock's. Fort House, a small block-house, was the exact place where just before night a "smart brush" occurred between the British and the Americans under Colonel Dubois. Colonel Dubois took a position above Johnson, on the heights of the north side, to prevent his passage up the river. Colonel Harper, with the Oneida Indians, was on the south side of the river, nearly opposite. General Van Rensselaer after all this forward movement and the slight attack, did not hold his position, but fell back three miles down the river.

The enemy camped on land of the late Judge Jacob G. Klock, I suppose, colonel of Second Regiment, Tryon County militia, and, "soon after the moon appeared," moved to a fording-place just above a well-known citizen's (Nathan Christie) residence, and retreated on the south side of the Mohawk, passing Oneida Castle, and pushing westward for Canaseraga on Chittenango Creek, near Lake Oneida.