CHAPTER V.

OUR VARIOUS PREPARATIONS OF COCA.

Immediately after the importation of the Coca leaf into Europe, we conceived the plan, the outcome of the request of many physicians, of making preparations from Coca. _Vin Mariani._—_Elixir Mariani._—_Pâte Mariani._—_Thé Mariani._—_Pastilles Mariani_, etc. (The author's name was kindly added to his preparations by the medical profession, who had recognized the superiority of his products.)

These different preparations had been used by our greatest practitioners long before the discovery, or rather the application of Cocaine.

The results obtained were marvelous, and the innumerable letters which were addressed to us by physicians who experimented with and used our products and rendered accounts in the medical journals in all parts of the world, would fill several large volumes.[21]

Under the esteemed patronage of our greatest medical celebrities, our preparations are known all over the world; they have reached all classes of society and everywhere, in the large cities as in the small villages, men, women, children, in fact, convalescents of all ages now know the name of the salutary plant, which it is and has been our effort to popularize, though strictly so according to the code of medical ethics and by those channels approved of by the entire medical profession.

We shall now consider the different ways in which we use Coca, and which under the well-known forms of _vin_, _élixir_, _pâte_, and of _thé Mariani_, have received such universal recognition. We will show incidentally the esteem in which these preparations are held by the highest medical authorities.

VIN MARIANI.

This is the first of the preparations of Coca and the one most generally adopted; to the tonic and stimulant action of the drug there is added that of a choice quality of wine.

Vin Mariani contains the soluble parts of the Coca plant. The combination of Coca, with the tannin and the slight traces of iron which this wine naturally contains, is pronounced the most efficacious of tonics.

The fresh Coca leaves that we employ, after careful selection, come from three different sources and are of incomparable quality. It is this that gives to our _wine_ that special taste and agreeable aroma which renders it so acceptable to the sick.

It is likewise to the combination and preparing of these three varieties of Coca leaf in our wine that we can attribute this important fact: during more than thirty years, no matter in how large doses taken, _Vin Mariani_ has never produced _cocainism_, nor any other unpleasant effects.[22]

_Vin Mariani_ is a diffusible tonic, the action of which is immediate. This action, instead of being localized on a single organ, the stomach, spreads to the whole system. Taken into the circulation, it awakens in its course the retarded functions of every organ, and this is owing to the presence in our preparation of the volatile principles of the plant.

Unlike other tonics, the astringent properties of which lead at length to heat and constipation, _Vin Mariani_ does not produce any disorder of the digestive functions; it stimulates them, exerts a refreshing action on the gastric mucous membrane, and on that account so advantageously replaces the preparations of cinchona, iron, strychnine, etc.

"There is," says Dr. Mallez, "a form of anæmia to which the attention of physicians has not yet been called, and which yields marvelously to the employment of _Vin Mariani_; we allude to that state of profound depression of the economy, of extremely marked impoverishment of the blood, which also results from the prolonged abuse of balsamics in the treatment of diseases of the urinary passages.

"The number of persons who, attacked with blennorrhagia, use cubebs, copaiba, turpentine, etc., to a deplorable extent is considerable. So true is this that, out of a hundred young dyspeptics, we may affirm without fear of being in error that at least forty of them have become so by the use of balsamics.

"In like manner, the number of patients affected with urinary gravel whom the prolonged and excessive use of the agents just mentioned, has rendered dyspeptic and then neuropathic is enormous. Like the former, they owe the profound disorder of their digestive functions to the immoderate use of resins and oleo-resins.

"It is of the first importance, therefore, to relieve these persons by making them take, after having given them light laxatives and some preparations intended to strengthen the stomach, not iron, not cinchona, not, as we have said above, local tonics, which would be of little if any use, but diffusible tonics, that is to say, those that act upon the local condition and at the same time upon the general condition, and which, moreover, do not constipate.

"It is here that _Vin Mariani_, proves its great advantage and succeeds where other tonics have failed, in stimulating the functions of the stomach. On the one hand by the small quantity of tannin which it contains, on the other through the active principles of Coca, associated with the wine, which serves as a vehicle, exciting the vitality of each organ separately, not, however, without having previously exerted its vivifying action on the mucous membrane of the stomach itself." (_Gazette des Hopitaux_, Nov. 23, 1877.)

The analgesic properties of _Vin Mariani_ have received a happy application in clinical laryngoscopy by Dr. Ch. Fauvel. This eminent specialist has made use of it for the past twenty-six years with unvarying success in all affections of the laryngeal mucous membrane, the air passages, and the vocal organs. In granular angina it takes the place of the topical medication and cauterizations which are so often injurious when they are used indiscriminately and to excess.

The employment of _Vin Mariani_ rapidly relieves patients of the feeling of heat and tingling which is one of the most annoying symptoms of this very common disease of the throat. (_Gazette des Hopitaux_, May 12, 1877.)

Dr. Beverley Robinson recommends _Vin Mariani_ as a heart tonic.

Dr. W. H. Pancoast says that _Vin Mariani_ is a valuable preparation and a tonic of the highest merit.

Dr. Jules Bouvyer, of Cauteretz, employs it with success in certain affections of the larynx as an adjuvant to the sulphurous treatment.

In 1875, in his _Traitement rationnel de la phthisie pulmonaire_, Dr. de Pietra Santa said, page 394:

"Among the most renowned practitioners of Paris, Péan, Barth, G. Sée, and Cabrol have promptly adopted the preparations of Coca. Ch. Fauvel prescribes it in affections of the respiratory passages. It is in these diseases that I, too, have had occasion to advise its daily use in the most convenient, the most agreeable, and the most active form—that of the _Vin Tonique de Mariani_."

Thus has been realized Réveil's prediction: "This substance (Coca) is destined to take an important rank in therapeutics."

In the _Revue de Thérapeutique médicaux-chirurgicale_, June 11, 1876, page 381. Bibliographie: _Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des sciences médicales_, par A. Dechambre, Dr. H. Cottin thus closes his article:

"In France, we are using a great deal of Coca wine, and it is tending to take the place of all other tonic wines; it is borne a longer time by the stomach and is more agreeable to the palate. M. Mariani has contributed much to the popularization of Coca by the perfection of his preparations, _vin_, _thé élixir_ and _pâte_. These are the forms at present most employed."

Dr. Chapusot, of Paris, thus sums up his personal observations: "A claret-glass of this wine has always been enough to make me forget hunger and to sustain my strength; I have felt a grateful warmth and a general exaltation of the economy; the digestion of the following meal has always been easier than if I had not taken the _Vin Mariani_, and, although I had not such a ravenous appetite as if I had gone without it, I ate a good deal, the stomach appearing stronger and more active."

It was Dr. Ch. Fauvel who gave our wine the very striking and exact title of "Tensor of the vocal cords." He says: "Thanks to _Vin Mariani_, I have been able to restore the voice of many lyric artists who would have been unable without this potent agent to give their performances."

Dr. J. Leonard Corning, in _Brain Exhaustion_, New York, 1884, pages 78 and 112, says: "Of all the medicaments that I employ in the very numerous cases of irritability, _Vin Mariani_ has rendered the greatest service. I do not except even the bromides, for this preparation of Coca possesses the calmative properties of those salts without producing the unpleasant depression which characterizes them."

The same author continues:

"The _Vin Mariani_ is the remedy _par excellence_ for _ennui_. At the same time it produces a fortifying action on the cerebral center and gives rise to a decided sensation of well-being."

Dr. Morell Mackenzie, London, advises the _Vin Mariani_ as a stimulant and tonic, and uses it especially with speakers and singers.

19 Harley Street, Cavendish Square, W., London.

GENTLEMEN:—I have much pleasure in stating that I have used the _Vin Mariani_ for many years, and consider it a valuable stimulant, particularly serviceable in the cases of vocalists.

Yours faithfully,

MORELL MACKENZIE, M. D.

Professor Sajous, of Philadelphia, who has experimented with _Vin Mariani_ in troubles of the vocal organs, has obtained excellent results from its use, and he advises it, not only as a restorative of the voice, but as a general tonic.

Dr. Libermann, Surgeon-in-Chief, French Army, communicates his experience, as follows:

"I have the honor to inform you of the results which I have obtained in my long career of military practice from the use of _Vin Mariani_.

"I have used it with great success for profound anæmia resulting from long and tedious campaigns in hot countries, and accompanied, as is nearly always the case, by gastro-intestinal irritation with loss of appetite and dyspepsia. Two or three Bordeaux-glasses of _Vin Mariani_ daily, removed that condition quite rapidly, by restoring the appetite and the tolerance of the stomach for a tonic aliment.

"I have also employed it in cases, happily rare in our army, of chronic alcoholism resulting from the abuse of brandy, absinthe or strong liquors. The _Vin Mariani_ produced all the excitement sought by drinkers, but had at the same time a sedative influence on their nervous systems. I have frequently seen hardened drinkers renounce their fatal habit and return to a healthy condition.

"I have also used _Vin Mariani_ to save smokers of exaggerated habits, from nicotinism. A few glasses of _Vin Mariani_ taken in small doses, either pure or mixed with water, acted as a substitute for pipes and cigars, because the smokers found in it the cerebral excitement which they sought in tobacco, wholly preserving their intellectual faculties.

"I have also employed it with success for chronic bronchitis and pulmonary phthisis. _Vin Mariani_ increases the appetite and diminishes the cough in these two morbid states.

"To combat the cough I give it mixed with water in the form of tisane, a Bordeaux-glass of _Mariani_ in a glass of hot water.

"Besides I have used it to the greatest advantage in convalescence from typhoid fever, when no wine, not even Bordeaux, was retained by the stomach on account of gastric irritation which is the rule after fevers of this nature.

"Although I have confined myself to giving but a rapid glance at the results that I have obtained, I have the statistics, which I keep in reserve should they be needed.

"I can certify that _Vin Mariani_ is the most powerful weapon that can be put in the hands of military physicians to combat the diseases, the infirmities, and even the vicious habits engendered by camp life and the servitude of military existence."

Dr. Villeneuve, among other cases of morphinomania conquered by the combined use of the _pâte_ and the _Vin Mariani_, communicated to us in 1884 the following observation:

"M. X...., barrister, 32 years of age, five years ago began to use morphine preparations as a remedy against a very alarming chronic bronchitis and granulations in the throat, which were irritated constantly by cigarette smoking.

"The patient at first only used morphine, but his physicians committed the imprudence of treating him by hypodermic injection. A notable change for the better was produced during the first month, but, unfortunately, abuse succeeded promptly the use of the medicament—so much so that when I commenced to treat the patient, he was taking daily from 1 gramme 50 centigrammes to 1 gramme 80 centigrammes of morphine hypodermically. When he was four hours without his dose there appeared insomnia, hallucinations and delirium; constipation lasting sometimes for fifteen days, which brought on in the spring a very alarming perityphlitis, jerking of the muscles, sudden frights, dyspepsia, and at last frightful congestion of the face whenever he drank a drop of wine or brandy.

"After a month's treatment I had succeeded in reducing the daily doses without causing alarming symptoms; the physiological functions seemed to awaken again. However, the congestion and especially the dyspepsia was very grave, and the cough which had been suppressed by morphine returned. It was then that I treated my patient with phosphate of lime, the _pâte_ and the _Vin Mariani_. Lacking his habitual stimulant, he was plunged in a semi-coma from which he could not always be relieved with weaker daily doses of morphine.

"The danger I feared most was a relapse of bronchitis, and that the cough and expectoration might end fatally. But in about a week, during which he took ten doses of _Pâte de Coca_ daily, the cough became less fatiguing and disappeared entirely in about twenty days. The patient then commenced to take small doses of _Vin Mariani_ (two Madeira-glasses a day). At first congestion appeared, but little by little, as digestion became more easy, my patient, who on account of his profound anæmia could not tolerate any table wines, took at first a small glass, then two, then three glasses at a meal. Now he can go and take his dinner in town, which he had not been able to do for three years; he regained his former vigor, is able to undertake anew his occupations, and has entirely given up his morphine habit."

We will conclude our quotations, already too numerous, with an article by Dr. Scaglia, published in 1877 in the _Gazette des Hopitaux_: "La Coca et ses propriétés thérapeutiques."

"In anæmia, connected with chronic pulmonary affections without fever, and in anæmia accompanied by gastralgia, _Vin Mariani_ has an excellent effect. Its stimulating properties can also be admirably made use of in those intermediate states of impaired health which are not yet anæmia, but must in the end become so; physical or mental overwork, the cerebral weakness due to excess of work or pleasure; the exhaustion from which the inhabitants of large cities suffer through irregularities of diet and imperfect hygiene owing to their positions and surroundings.

"_Vin Mariani_ is unquestionably of benefit to people of sedentary habits worn out by work, to convalescents who, from a prolonged confinement in bed, have lost muscular strength, to patients suffering from diabetes or Bright's disease, whose muscles have lost their elasticity and vigor.

"Let us add that the taste of _Vin Mariani_ is exquisite, that it is in no way suggestive of drugs, and that its use is acceptable to the most fastidious."

Ordinary Dose—Two or three claret-glassfuls daily, half an hour before or immediately after eating.

COCA GROG.—By mixing a wineglassful of _Vin Mariani_ with half a glassful of boiling water, sweetened to the taste, we get a grog of exquisite flavor, and capable of rendering the greatest services whenever an immediate effect is desired in severe cases of cold, attended by convulsive coughing. (As prescribed by Dr. Libermann, Dr. Cyrus Edson and others, recorded in the medical journals during the grip epidemics.)

ELIXIR MARIANI.

The _Elixir Mariani_ is more alcoholic, very agreeable to the taste, and three times as highly charged with the aromatic principles of the Coca leaf as the _Vin Mariani_; therefore it should be taken in doses of a liqueur glassful, in the morning upon rising, and after the two principal meals.

It may be used clear or mixed with water, in nearly all cases where the _Vin Mariani_ is used. Its tonic and eminently digestive properties and its special aroma, at once mild and penetrating, make it an agreeable liqueur, very much esteemed by gourmets and persons who are careful about their health.

A small glass of the _Elixir Mariani_ taken after a meal, spreads a gentle warmth through the stomach and calls forth an abundant secretion of gastric juice, which mixes with the food and facilitates digestion.

For travelers, hunters, and in general all who walk much and who are exposed to fatigue, to dampness, and to fog, the use of the _Elixir Mariani_ may be recommended and will render admirable service, because of the tone and strength that it gives to the stomach and to the muscles.

Dr. Collins, _Révue de Thérapeutique_, observes that this liqueur acts "heroically" in anæmia, chlorosis and rickets.

Dr. Ch. Fauvel, Dr. Conqueret, Dr. Villeneuve, Dr. Chapusot, Dr. Odin, Dr. Cintrat and others declare as the result of their clinical observations that the _Elixir Mariani_ exerts a "masterly action" in granular pharyngitis, quinsy, and albuminuria, and that its stimulating properties on the whole nervous system cannot be denied.

Dr. J. Leonard Corning, of New York, recommends the _Elixir Mariani_ as a strengthener of the brain.

"As a remedy in _sea-sickness_, the _Elixir Mariani_ has always given excellent results."—Dr. Slant, Dr. Letellier, Dr. Trossat, Dr. Derrecagaix.

The _Elixir Mariani_ is generally prescribed in doses of a liqueur-glassful after the principal meals. Mixed with cold water, in the proportion of two liqueur-glassfuls to a tumbler of water, it constitutes a very strengthening and pleasant drink.

PÂTE MARIANI (LOZENGES OF COCA).

Tonic and pectoral, _Pâte Mariani_ is a Lozenge very agreeable to the taste, which is prescribed daily with the greatest success by throat specialists for obstinate coughs, granular catarrh of the throat, and the various inflammations of the digestive and respiratory passages. Composed only of clarified gum, sugar and Coca, without a trace of opium or of any narcotic substances, it may be taken without danger at any hour of the day and in any quantity, without fear of its disturbing the digestion, since, on the contrary, it can only aid it. From six to ten of the Lozenges daily are the usual dose, but more may be taken if necessary.

Its beneficial action is due to the happy combination of the emolient properties of pure gum-arabic and the tonic, astringent and analgesic properties of Coca.

"_Pâte Mariani_ has a powerful tonic action on the larynx, and, like _Vin Mariani_, it is invaluable in cases of aphonia caused by feebleness or relaxation of the vocal cords. This property is of special advantage to singers and orators. _Pâte Mariani_ is a very valuable substitute in granular catarrh of the throat and throat affections in general, for chlorate of potassium pastilles and the various lozenges containing opium, etc., the _Pâte Mariani_ is more agreeable to the taste and produces anæsthetic and soothing effects." (_Gazette des Hopitaux._)

PASTILLES MARIANI (COCA AND COCAINE).

The _Pastilles Mariani_ are used in the same cases as the _Pâte_, from which they differ only by the addition of two milligrammes of Cocaine hydrochlorate to each pastille.

Their action is much more intense and more rapid than that of the plain Coca Lozenges.

The paroxysms of cough which are so frequent and so annoying to those who smoke tobacco to excess, are overcome as if by enchantment by the use of a few pastilles.

Dose—Four to eight daily. This amount, however, may be exceeded, at the discretion of the physicians.

THÉ MARIANI, OR CONCENTRATED EXTRACT OF COCA (TEA MARIANI).

As its name indicates, Mariani's concentrated extract of Coca, or _Thé Mariani_, contains within a small bulk all the active principles of the Coca leaf. This extract, prepared in special apparatuses which prevent all alteration and preserve all its properties and all its aroma, answers entirely in the various modes of using Coca and constitutes a most scrupulously exact preparation in dose, the most convenient and the most active that could be desired.

_Thé Mariani_ is capable of indefinite preservation and easy of transportation; it renders great service to persons who make mountain ascensions, fatiguing marches, or long journeys through unhealthy countries, and in fact in whatever may be called fatiguing work or pleasure.

_Thé Mariani_ may be taken in the dose of from three to six teaspoonfuls in the course of the day, clear, or mixed with brandy, wine, water or milk, etc., hot or cold, in the latter cases sweetened to taste, if desired.

COCA TEA OR INFUSION.—A teaspoonful of the _Thé Mariani_, added to a cup of hot water, sweetened to the taste, with or without the addition of cream or milk, makes a very agreeable drink, more digestive, more tonic, and less exciting than coffee or tea, while possessing in a higher degree the tonic and stimulating properties of those two substances.

It is in this form that Coca is especially used in Peru and Bolivia, where it is preferred to the Chinese tea.

Persons who drink Chinese tea at meals may advantageously substitute the _Thé Mariani_ for it.

For patients who cannot generally take milk, it is advisable to add _Thé Mariani_. Excellent results will be obtained.

COCA GARGLES AND SPRAYS.—Independently of its tonic and reconstituent action, Coca possesses anæsthetic and soothing properties that have been observed and made use of in practice by laryngologists in the form of a spray, in the proportion of a teaspoonful of _Thé Mariani_ to half a glassful of warm water.

An ambulance physician of Tonkin, who has experimented with _Thé Mariani_, sends the following note:

"_Thé Mariani_ has rendered us real service during expeditions as well as in hospital practice; on the march it makes with boiled water, with or without the addition of sugar, a very agreeable, tonic and stimulating drink; a veritable reserve food, it takes the place of alcoholic drinks and insufficiency of food, and aids the men in bearing the most distressing fatigue. The water of swamps, rivers or ditches, mixed with a few spoonfuls of _Thé Mariani_, could be drank without any inconvenience, and assuaged thirst.

"_Thé Mariani_ stimulates the appetite, overcomes atony of the digestive organs, and prevents and combats diarrhœa efficiently.

"Mixed in small quantity with fresh or condensed milk, it gives it an agreeable taste and causes it to be borne by the most delicate stomachs; hence it becomes a valuable adjuvant in the treatment of the endemic dysenteries and diarrhœas of tropical countries.

"Finally, its exclusive use, even its excessive use for several days, has not seemed to us to exert any injurious influence on the system, as the abuse of coffee or of alcoholic drinks had certainly done under like circumstances."

Dr. Fordyce Barker, Dr. J. H. Douglas, Dr. Henry B. Sands and Dr. Geo. F. Shrady have authorized us to make known that it was due to _Thé Mariani_, added to milk (in the proportion of a teaspoonful of the _Thé_ to a cup of milk), that they were able to nourish Gen. Grant, the ex-President, when he was unable to support any other food. By this means they succeeded in prolonging the life of their illustrious patient for several months.

Coca taken in infusion gave excellent results to Tschudy while he was sojourning in the valley of the Puna, the highest in Bolivia, which has given its name to the disease of mountain sickness, known in Peru by the name _Mal de Puna_, also designated by the words _sorroche_, _veta_ and _mareo_; this last term shows clearly enough the analogy which exists between sea-sickness and the influence of great altitudes on the human body. Experience has proved the usefulness of Coca against dyspnœa and vomiting, so that the Indians who make ascensions always carry a stock of Coca with them. Dr. Tschudy found himself comfortable by the use of it while hunting in those valleys, at a height of ten to twelve thousand feet above the sea.

Dr. Salemi, of Nice, gives an account of a case of epilepsy in a woman, 38 years of age, cured by the daily and prolonged use of _Thé Mariani_, given in increasing doses (ten drops daily at first and eighty drops daily at the end of a month). This case is not an isolated one.

IMPORTANT CAUTION.

Owing to the success obtained by our preparations of Coca for many years, imitators and counterfeiters have dared to apply to their own valueless productions the observations made with our special products. These occurrences, often repeated, have given rise to protests from many physicians, among others Dr. W. Oliver Moore, Sir Morell Mackenzie, Dr. Ch. Fauvel.

_To the Editor of the New York Medical Journal_:

SIR: In your issue of January 3, 1885, page 19, in a report of a paper read before the New York Medical Society, on "The Physiological and Therapeutical Effects of the Coca Leaf and its Alkaloid," occurs the following: "For over twenty years Dr. Fauvel has used it, both internally in the form of _Vin Mariani_, and also by local applications to the pharynx and larynx in spray or by brush, in the form of a fluid extract, or, more recently, of a concentrated non-alcoholic preparation more of the nature of a cordial (prepared by Mariani & Co.)."

Several manufacturers of Coca preparations have taken occasion to quote from this paper, each in turn substituting the name of _his own_ production instead of the one mentioned in the original.

As the preparations of Coca mentioned in my paper were personally tested and found to be the best of a large number experimented with, I wish to call attention to these misquotations and substitutions.

Very truly,

W. OLIVER MOORE, M.D.

*** We have taken the trouble to compare the report of Dr. Moore's remarks with the little book on Coca prepared by M. Mariani, and with the circulars issued by a number of manufacturers of Coca preparations; and we certainly think that some of these manufacturers have taken an unwarrantable liberty in appropriating work that evidently cost M. Mariani a good deal of time and no little outlay of money.—EDITOR _N. Y. Medical Journal_.

_New York Medical Journal_, October 24, 1885.

"In another column we publish a letter from Dr. W. Oliver Moore, calling attention to an injustice that certain competing pharmacists have practiced toward Messrs. Mariani & Co., in 'pirating' published records of the successful use of the Mariani preparations of Coca, and at the same time craftily making these records appear to apply to their own preparations. It is very much to be regretted that a house that has been so punctilious in avoiding even the semblance of any offense against the courtesy of trade should have been treated in this shabby way by some rival manufacturers."

31 Rue Guénégaud, Paris, Dec. 8, 1887.

_To the Editor of the New York Medical Journal_:

SIR—Will you kindly have it announced in your journal, in justice to myself before the medical profession, that the various notices appearing in journals and circulars quoting my name in connection with Coca are entirely false and in every respect a prevarication? The only preparation of Coca employed by me with undoubted and uniform success has been the so well-known _Vin Mariani_, which, since 1865, I have had occasion to prescribe daily in my _clinique_, as well as in private practice. My opinion of this valuable medicament has, during many years, been frequently made known for the benefit of the profession in various writings, and it is but just to this worthy preparation that it receive all the honor due it. I thank you for compliance with my request.

CH. FAUVEL, M.D.

Continued compliment is paid M. Mariani for the maintained high standard and excellence of his preparations, by the numerous honorable mentions and indorsements by the members of the medical profession and those who have occasion to use his Coca preparations; latterly through the following awards:

Gold Medal and Silver Medal from the Académie Nationale de France; Gold Medal and a Grand Diploma of Honor from the Wine Exhibit of Bordeaux, France; Gold Medal and a Diploma of Honor at the Hygienic Exhibit at Amsterdam, Holland, and a Gold Medal and Diploma at Leamington, England, the jury surnaming his _Vin Mariani_, "Wine for Athletes."

N. B.—Professional bicyclists and athletes, after careful trials of ours and preparations of others, among which the Cafeine. Theobromine, Kola, pseudo-Cafeine or Kolamine (Knebel), Maté, etc., invariably give the preference to our Coca preparation. Messrs. Dubois, Lucas, Vigneaux, Echalié, André Henry, Imans, Buffel, and many others have attested to the vast superiority of Coca Mariani over all other tonics (dynamogéniques).

We request those physicians, who kindly place confidence in our preparations, to prescribe them under the name of _Mariani_, and to insist that their prescriptions be scrupulously executed.

PLATE I.

TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A YOUNG BRANCH; PRIMARY FORMATIONS.

(See Plate III., Figure 3.)

_Ec._, Bark formed of an epidermis _Ep._, of a parenchyma (pulp) well developed with some oxaliferous cellules _C. o._ On the section is seen a bundle of libero-ligneous stipulaires _F. s._

_F. p._, Fibres pericycliques.

_Li._, Liber, with oxaliferous cellules _C. o._

_B._, Wood.

_Mo._, Pulpy pith containing cellules of ligneous dotted partitions _C. l._, and oxaliferous cellules. The cortical and medullary pulp contain in their cellules numberless grains of starch, which are not indicated in this plate.

PLATE II.

Fig. 1—TRANSVERSE SECTION OF AN AGED STEM; SECONDARY FORMATIONS.

Fig. 2—LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF SAME STEM.

Bark formed of a corky and pulpy cortical of a secondary origin. The primary bark exfoliates itself at a very early stage.

The pulp contains some oxaliferous cellules and some grains of starch.

The wood contains some veins and a considerable quantity of fibres with thick and dotted partitions. The marrow remains always pulpy and with lignified cellules.

PLATE III.

Fig. 1—TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A PRIMARY ROOT.

_A. p._, Heaped layer.

_A. s._, Corky layer.

_Ec._, Pithy bark.

_End._, Endoderm; the thickening of the lateral partitions of its cellules is very apparent.

_P._, Pericycle formed of a single layer of cellules.

_T. c._, Conjunctive tissue or pith.

_B._, Ligneous fasciculous; there are two to the diameter.

_L._, Liberian fasciculous; there are two to the diameter, perpendicular to the preceding.

Fig. 2—TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A ROOT; SECONDARY FORMATIONS.

_L. s._, Cork, secondary.

_Ec. s._, Bark, secondary; the primary formations are exfoliate.

_L._, Liber.

_F. l._, Ligneous fibres in large numbers and meatus.

_V._, Veins of wood, dotted.

_R. m._, Medullary radius.

_M. s._, Pith which has become entirely sclerotic.

Fig. 3—SCHEMATIC SECTION OF A YOUNG BRANCH.

_Ec._, Bark.

_F. f._, Foliated fasciculous not yet separated from the central cylinder.

_F. s._, Fasciculous stipulaire.

_Mo._, Pith.

_Z. g._, Generating zone libero-ligneous.

Fig. 4—GRAINS OF STARCH OF THE SEED.

(Maximum dimensions: 22 to 24 p. × 15 to 18 p.)

PLATE IV.

Fig. 1—FOLIATION. TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A LEAF NOT YET UNROLLED, SHOWING THE TWO LONGITUDINAL JUTTINGS WHICH FORM THE FALSE NERVURES OF THE COCA LEAF.

_F. i._, Lower surface. _F. S._, Upper surface. _N. p._, Principal nervure. _F. n._, False nervures.

Fig. 2—TRANSVERSE SECTION OF ONE OF THE JUTTINGS.

_E. s._, Upper epidermis. _E. i._, Lower epidermis. _F. n._, False nervure.

Fig. 3—LOWER EPIDERMIS OF THE LEAF AT THE FALSE NERVURE _F. n._, WHICH IS FORMED OF LENGTHENED CELLULES WITHOUT STOMATUM _S._, STOMATUM _P._, EPIDERMIC PAPILLOUS CELLULES.

Fig. 4—TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A LEAF ENTIRELY DEVELOPED.

_E. s._, Upper epidermis. _E. i._, Lower epidermis. _P._, Parenchyme foliate. _C. p._, Palissadique cellules. _C. s._, Sclerotic cellules. _L. a._, Air-conveying cell. _F. l. l._, Fasciculous libero-ligneous.

Fig. 5—SCHEMATIC SECTION OF A PETIOL NEAR THE BASE.

Fig. 6—EXTREMITY OF A BRANCH SHOWING THE STIPULES OF THE LEAVES.

Fig. 7—TWO STIPULES CONNECTED, SEEN FROM THE BRANCHED SURFACE.

PLATE V.

Fig. 1—RIPE SEED; THE THREE STYLES AND THE STAMENS ARE STILL ADHERENT.

Fig. 2—LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF SAME.

_T. g._, Tegument of the seed. _A._, Amylaceous albumen. _R._, Embryo rootlet. _C._, Cotyledons.

Fig. 3—SCHEMATIC SECTION OF THE HALF-DEVELOPED SEED.

_P. c._, Carpellary pulp. _C. a._, Abortive carpelle. _T. o._, Tegument ovarium. _A. a._, Amylaceous albumen. _C. e._, Embryo cotyledons. _N. t._, Nervure of tegument of the ovule.

Fig. 4—TRANSVERSE SCHEMATIC SECTION OF A COTYLEDON.

Fig. 5—FLORAL BUD.

Fig. 6—AN EXPANDED FLOWER.

Fig. 7—THE SAME, SEEN FROM UNDERNEATH.

Fig. 8—TWO PETALS, ONE SEEN FROM UNDERNEATH, THE OTHER SEEN SIDEWAYS AND SHOWING THE APPENDIX WHICH FORMS THE CROWN.

Fig. 9—THE ATTACHED 10 STAMENS; THE EPIPETALS ARE LARGER THAN THE EPISEPALS.

Fig. 10—AN ANTHER AND THREAD OF STAMEN.

Fig. 11—POLLEN SEEDS.

(Dimensions: 35 p. × 28 p.)

Fig. 12—STYLE AND STIGMATE.

Fig. 13—FLORAL DIAGRAM.

The floral formula is: [5 S] + 5 P + [10 E] - [3 C].

We are justified in saying: Never has anything been so highly recommended and every trial proves its excellence.

VIN MARIANI

_Nourishes_ = _Fortifies_

_Refreshes_

_Aids Digestion_ = _Strengthens the System_.

Unequaled as a tonic-stimulant for fatigued or overworked Body and Brain.

Prevents Malaria, Influenza and Wasting Diseases.

We cannot aim to gain support for our preparation through cheapness; we give a uniform, effective and honest article, and respectfully ask personal testing of =Vin Mariani= strictly on its own merits. Thus the medical profession can judge whether =Vin Mariani= is deserving of the unequaled reputation it has earned throughout the world during more than 30 years.

Inferior, so-called Coca preparations (variable solutions of Cocaine and cheap wines), which have been proven worthless, even harmful in effect, bring into discredit and destroy confidence in a valuable drug.

We therefore particularly caution to specify always "VIN MARIANI," thus we can guarantee invariable satisfaction to physician and patient.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Nothnagel et Rossbach, _Nouveaux Éléments de Thérapeutique_.

[2] This cut represents the Coca shrub presented by Mr. A. Mariani to the Paris Botanical Gardens.

[3] Mr. Mariani has presented to the Academy of Medicine a plaster cast of this very _poporo_, in his possession.

[4] Dr. Demarle, _Essay on Peruvian Coca_, _Thèse de Paris_, 1862.

[5] Moreno y Maïz, _Thèse de Paris_, 1868.

[6] Lippmann, _Thèse de Strasbourg_, 1868.

[7] Gazeau, _Thèse de Paris_, 1870.

[8] _Gazette des Hopitaux_, Paris, March 12, 1877.

[9] Rigolet. _Thèse de Paris_, 1885.

[10] Soc. imp. royale des médecins de Vienne, Oct. 17, 1884.

[11] Rigolet, _Thèse de Paris_, 1888.

[12] M. Panas. Communication à l'Acad. de Médecine, November, 1884.

[13] Dr. Laffont. _Etude physiologique sur la Coca et les sels de Coca._

[14] _Thèse de Paris_, 1862.

[15] _Thèse de Paris_, 1885.

[16] _Bumstead and Taylor on Venereal Diseases._

[17] _Thérapeutique contemporaine_, January, 1888.

[18] _Concours Médical_ Aug. 11, 1888.

[19] _Bulletin gen. de Thérap._ 1884.

[20] "Heart-strain and Weak Heart," _N. Y. Medical Record_, Feb. 26, page 238.

[21] We have on file upward of 7,000 endorsements from leading practitioners, all coinciding as to the great aid rendered by _Vin Mariani_ as a tonic-stimulant.

[22] It has been repeatedly proven that the many worthless, so-called Coca preparations are nothing more than variable solutions of Cocaine in inferior grades of wines or other liquids, shamefully prepared by unscrupulous or ignorant persons, whereby, in addition to the harmful effects they produce, also bring into discredit a really useful drug.

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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Minor punctuation and printer errors repaired.

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal signs=.