Category: History - Religious
EDINBURGH: T. AND T. CLARK, 38, GEORGE STREET. LONDON: HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO.; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO.; WARD AND CO.; JACKSON AND WALFORD, ETC. DUBLIN: JOHN ROBERTSON, AND HODGES AND SMITH.
them that are fed, and ye feed not the flock." The visiting forms the general foundation of every single activity of the shepherd, so that the [Hebrew: la pqdtM] comprehends wit...
61. i. 8, where a relation is spoken of, founded on most cordial love, showthat the signification "_to marry_," does not by any means proceed from that of ruling, and is not to be explained from the absolute, slavish dependence of the wife in the East,...
43. xiii. 46, 47, Paul and Barnabas prove, from the passage under review,the destination of Christ to be the Saviour of the Gentiles, and their right to offer to them the salvation despised and rejected by the Jews: [Greek: idou strephometha eis ta e...
15. xxxviii. 5, he announces to Hezekiah, sick unto death, that God wouldadd fifteen years to his life. According to Jeremiah, the Babylonish captivity is to last seventy years; and the fulfilment has shown that this date is not to be understood as a...
45. CHAPTER LI. 1-16.Ver. 1. "_And I put my words in thy mouth, and cover thee in the shadow of mine hand, that thou mayest plant the heaven and lay the foundation of the earth, and say unto Zion: T...
37. xlii. 9), here the new proof of the sole divinity of the God of Israelis added, in that He sends Koresh: God _now_ declares. The Prophet, by designating the time in which the announcement was issued as [Hebrew: rawit] and [Hebrew: qdM], as beginni...
21. xi. 1, but takes in, at the same time, all those other passages whichhave a similar meaning. From among them, it was from Zech. vi. 12: "Behold a man whose name is the Sprout," that the phrase [Greek: hoti klêthêsetai] flowed. There is hence no n...
13. iii. 12, where Moses receives this as a sign of his Divine mission, andof the deliverance of the people to be effected by him: "When thou hast brought forth my people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain." In chap. xxxvii. 30, our Pr...
72. CHAPTER XXXIII. 14-26.Still before the destruction, but in the view of it, the Prophet, while in the outer court of the prison, was favoured with the revelation contained in chap. xxxii., and with th...
46. x. 16, 17, is not the preaching, but the hearing, as is shown by the[Greek: mê ouk êkousan] in ver. 18. The [Greek: akoê], according to ver. 17: [Greek: hê de akoê dia rhêmatos Theou], is the passive to the active to the word of God. "Who believ...
51. ix. 24, according to which passage Christ is entered into the holyWe have hitherto expounded the passage before us without any regard to the difference of the interpretation as to the whole, and have supposed the reference to Christ to be the...
52. lxvi. 3 (of course according to a false interpretation), plainlyrejects sacrifice altogether, should speak of the shedding of the blood of a man, and, moreover, of a pure, sinless man, in the room of the guilty." The manner in which _Umbreit...
32. ii. 9), and who, along with His own glory, revealed, at the same time,Ver. 3. "_Strengthen ye the slack hands, and confirm ye the tottering knees._" The words are addressed to all the members of the people of God; they are to strengthen and confir...
12. xliv. 29, 30, the impending defeat of Pharaoh-Hophras is given as a_sign_ of the divine vengeance breaking in upon the Jews in Egypt. Even before the [Pg 40] thing came to pass, it could not in such a case, be otherwise than that the previous c...
38. xli. 8: "And thou Israel, my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, seed(_posterity_) of Abraham, my friend," chap. xliii. 10: "_Ye are my witnesses._ saith the Lord, and my servant whom I have chosen." But a circumstance, which alone would be suffi...
9. xxx. 12); "A generation pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washedfrom their filthiness," forms the contrast to the splendid attire which is there spoken of Behind this splendid attire the filthiness is concealed. The filth is not washed away...
44. CHAPTER L. 4-11.The Servant of God here also appears as speaking. In ver. 4, He intimates His vocation: God has bestowed upon Him the gift of comforting those who are weary and heavy laden. He...
35. lvi. 9, it is said: "All ye beasts of the field come ye to devour allthe beasts in the forest." This utterance stands in connection with the [Hebrew: lnqbciv], at the close of the preceding verse. The gathering of Israel by God the good Shepherd,...
56. lxxiii. 1, where Israel and those that are of a clean heart go hand inhand,--and, in substance, they also were addressed in vers. 1 and 2. For the thirsty ones, who are there called upon to partake of the blessings so liberally offered by the Lord...
22. xii. 25, according to which passage Jonathan the Maccabee marches intothe land of Hamath against the army of Demetrius,) and the islands of the sea, the islands and the countries on the shores of the Mediterranean in the uttermost West. As early a...
59. iii. 4, 5: "Hast thou not but lately called me: My Father, friend of myyouth, thou? Will He reserve His anger for ever, will He keep it to the end? Behold, thus thou spakest, and soon thou didst the evil, didst accomplish"--an _accomplishment_ quit...
39. lxxii. 4: "He shall judge the poor of the people; He shall save thechildren of the needy, and shall break in pieces the oppressor;" and in vers. 12-14: "For He delivereth the needy when he crieth, and the miserable, and him that hath no deliver...
1. VOLUME II.EDINBURGH: T. AND T. CLARK, 38, GEORGE STREET. LONDON: HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO.; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO.; WARD AND CO.; JACKSON AND WALFORD, ETC. DUBLIN: JOHN ROBERTSON, AND...
71. xiv. 49: "And he shall take to cleanse the house two birds, and cedarwood, and scarlet, and hyssop; ver. 53: and make an atonement for the house, and it shall be clean." The procedure here is quite the same as that which was applied in the case o...
20. cxiii. 7, 8: "He raiseth up the poor out of the dust; He lifteth upthe needy out of the dunghill, that He may set him with princes, with the princes of His people,"--in which, the second time, the transition should take place from the low condi...
66. xxxii. 40: "And I make an everlasting covenant with them, and I will nomore turn away from them to do them good, and I will put my fear in their hearts that they shall not depart from me."--The closing words of ver. 32 are frequently misunderstood....
48. xiii. 22, the word is not only choked by the deceitfulness of riches,but is as much so by care also, the dangers of which are particularly set forth by our Lord in Matt. vi. 25 ff. In Prov. xxx. 8, 9 it is said: "Give me neither poverty nor riche...
19. lviii. 2, where the Messiah, to express His lowliness at the beginningof His course, is, in the same manner as here, compared to a feeble and tender twig. Ps. lxxii. and the prophecies in chap. ii., iv., vii., ix., and Mic. v., present so many agr...
3. xi. 10: "And it shall come to pass in that day, the root of Jesse whichshall stand for an ensign of the people, to it shall the Gentiles seek, and His rest shall be glory;" comp. chap. lx., where the delighted eye of the Prophet beholds how the cro...
11. xvi. 5, according to which Jerusalem was really besieged,--acontradiction which occurs also in that passage itself: "And they besieged Ahaz, and could not fight"--is most simply reconciled by the remark that a fruitless struggle can, as...
67. xxix. 45: "And I dwell in the midst of the children of Israel and willbe their God." In the consciousness that this promise was fulfilled in the time then present, David exclaims in Ps. xxxiii. 12: "Blessed is the nation whose God is Jehovah, the...
47. v. 24, where it is said of Enoch: "And he was no more, for God had_taken_ him."--_And His generation who can think it out?_ [Hebrew: dvr], properly "circle," is not only the communion of those who are connected by co-existence, but also of tho...
64. xxiii. 6, which, with quite the same right, could have been changedinto a _nomen proprium_ in the proper sense, as has, indeed, been done by the LXX. The numerous passages in the prophets, where the name occurs as a designation of the nature an...
17. xix. 12 is to be compared, where Christ has a name written that no manknows but He himself, to intimate the immeasurable glory of His nature. That which is here, in the first instance, said of a single attribute of the King, applies, at the same t...
49. xiii. 33; and the Apostles, too, consider those who have been awakenedby their ministry as their spiritual children, 1 Cor. iv. 17; 1 Tim. i. 2; 1 Pet. v. 13. _The thought is this--that in the sacrificial death of the Servant of God there will be...
54. CHAPTER LV. 1-5.The Lord exhorts those who are anxious to be saved, to appropriate the blessings of salvation which are so liberally offered, and which, although bestowed without money and pric...
27. xxv. 11, 12, are assigned to the Chaldean empire: "And these nationsserve the king of Babylon 70 years. And it shall come to pass, when the 70 years are accomplished, I will visit upon the king of Babylon, and upon that nation, saith the Lord, t...
18. xxxvii. 32: "For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and escapedWe must, in conclusion, still make a few remarks, on the interpretation of vers. 5 and 6. The older interpreters were unanimous in referring these verses to the Messiah. Even by...
60. xxv. 3, Jeremiah says to "all the inhabitants of Jerusalem," that hehad spoken to _them_ since the thirteenth year of Josiah. As early as in chap. ii. 2, at the beginning of a discourse which bears a general introductory character, and which imm...
53. xlviii. 11, Israel owes deliverance from the severe suffering intowhich they fell in the way of their sins. One may confidently assert there is not a single page in the whole book, which does not offer a striking refutation of this view. And m...
57. lxvi. 18-21, which we must here subject to a somewhat closerexamination: Ver. 18. "And I ... their works and their thoughts; _the time cometh to gather_ all Gentiles and tongues, and they come and _see_ my glory." The first hemistich sti...
23. xvi. 10, according to which Ahaz got an altar made at Jerusalem afterthe pattern of that which he had seen at Damascus. The circumstance that Israel had become like Damascus, was the reason why it was given up to the Gentiles for punishment.
63. CHAPTER XXIII. 1-8.These verses form a portion only of a greater whole, to which, besides the whole of chap. xxii., chap. xxiii. 9-40 also belongs. For these verses contain a prophecy against the...
28. xxiv. 23), and dwells in the midst of His people in a manner formerlyunheard of.--"Unto all people," comp. chap. ii. 2 ff. The verse under consideration forms the foundation for the words of Christ in Matthew viii. 2: [Greek: legô de humin hoti p...
24. CHAPTER XIX.The burden of Egypt begins with the words: "Behold the Lord rideth upon a swift cloud, and cometh into Egypt, and the idols of Egypt are moved at His presence, and the heart of...
34. xciii. 1: "The Lord reigneth, He hath clothed himself with majesty,&c., we remarked: "The Preterites are to be explained from the circumstance that the Singer as a _seer_ has the Future before his eyes. He _beholds_ rejoicingly how the Lord ent...
69. vii. 11: "Is then this house, which is called by the name of the Lord,a den of robbers, saith the Lord?" Other passages will be mentioned when we come to comment upon Dan. ix. 27. This inward victory must, according to divine necessity, [Pg 449] b...
25. xliii. 13: "And he (Nebuchadnezzar) breaketh the pillars in Beth-shemish, that is in the land of Egypt, and the houses of the gods of Egypt he burneth with fire." This allusion was perceived as early as by _Jonathan_, who thus paraphrases: "_...
70. xv. 5, which is commonly translated "house of the sick," instead of"house of emancipation," viz., place where they lived, whom the Lord had manumitted, who no more belonged to His servants; compare remarks on Psa. lxxxviii. 6. Even in the kingd...
41. ix. 1 (2) is not to be referred to the spiritual illuminationespecially, [Pg 224] but to the bestowal of salvation. To this view we are likewise led by a comparison of ver. 16: "And I will lead the blind by a way that they knew not, I wil...
55. lxxxix. 29: "My mercy will I keep for him for evermore, and my covenantis constant in him." Ps. lxxxix. 2, 50: "Lord, where are thy former mercies which thou swarest unto David in thy truth?" likewise suggest that, by David, not simply Christ is to...
16. vii. 14, the Prophet beholds the Saviour as being already born; hencethe Preterites [Hebrew: ild] and [Hebrew: ntN]. If any one should imagine that from the use of these Preterites he were entitled to infer that the subject of the prophecy must,...
50. lii. 15, He is to sprinkle them with His blood; and this sprinkling isthere expressly stated as the reason of the reverential homage of the Gentile world. He is to justify them and to bear their sins, ver. 11, and to make intercession for them, ve...
31. xxvi. 15: "Thou increasest the nation, O God, thou art glorified, thouremovest all the boundaries of the land," is conclusive against this explanation. Comparing this passage, as also chap. lx. 4; Zech. x. 9, _Michaelis_ correctly explains: "The l...
6. xxx. 23-25), and the same is very expressly done in the Law also; butin not a single one of these passages does the strange expression occur, that this fruitfulness should serve to the escaped for beauty and glory, for exaltation and ornament, or...
68. cii. 27-29); heaven and earth shall pass away, but the word of Godshall not pass away.--From chap. xxxiii. 24: "They despise my people ([Hebrew: emi]) that they should be still a nation ([Hebrew: gvi]) before them" it appears why it is that [H...
33. xlv. 20, the escaped of the nations are those Gentiles who have beenspared in the divine judgments. They are to become wise by the sufferings of others. The Prophet takes his stand in a time when these judgments, which were to be inflicted by Cy...
5. xxiv. 16, where, in reference to the Messianic time, it is said: "Fromthe uttermost part of the earth do we hear songs of praise: beauty ( [Hebrew: cbi]) to the righteous." By the appearance of Christ, the covenant-people, hitherto despised, were...
8. xvi. 3), they had in view, not the moral holiness but the dignity--acircumstance which is quite obvious from words added: "And in the midst of them is the Lord." And so Moses likewise speaks of the dignity in Numb. xvi. 7: "Whom the Lord shall c...
36. xlv. 19-21, it is proved from the prophecy, in connection with thefulfilment, that Jehovah alone is God,--the like of which no Gentile nation can show of their idols. The argumentation is followed by the call to all the Gentiles to be converte...
10. xxviii. 20, 21, that the king of Asshur did not help him, but rather,by coming unto him, distressed him. Ahaz purchased this help at the price of his independence, and had probably to submit to very hard claims being made upon him. (_Caspari_, S....
26. CHAPTER XXIII.In the view of Sennacherib's invasion, the eyes of the Prophet are opened, so that he beholds the future destinies of the nations within his horizon. It is under these circumsta...
42. CHAPTER XLIX. 1-9.The Servant of God, with whose person the Prophet had. by way of preparation, already made us acquainted in the first book of the second part, in chap. xlii., is here, at the be...
40. xxvi. 45, the covenant of the ancestors is the covenant entered intowith the ancestors; Deut. iv. 31; Lev. xxvi. 42 (the covenant of Jacob, the covenant of Isaac, &c.) According to _Knobel_: "the true theocrats are to become a covenant of the pe...
2. ix. 5 (6), but also from the works which are assigned to Him,--works byfar exceeding human power. He rules over the whole earth, according to chap. xi.; He slays, according to xi. 4, the wicked with the breath of His mouth (compare chap. l. 11, whe...
30. cxviii. 22: "The stone which the builders rejected has become thecorner-stone." In that passage, too, the stone is the Kingdom and people of God: "The people of God whom the kingdoms of the world despised, have, by the working of God, then be...
29. xiv. 32; "The Lord hath founded Zion, and the poor of His people trustin it." The [Hebrew: hamiN] here corresponds with the [Hebrew: Hsh] with [Hebrew: b] there. The difference is, that there Zion itself is the object of confidence, while here it...
58. xxiii. 25), in the midst of an evil and adulterous generation, is aremarkable phenomenon, as little conceivable from natural causes as the existence of Melchizedec without father, without descent--isolated from all natural development--in the m...
4. vii. 14, where, in allusion to the Old Testament passages of theSprout--the verb [Greek: anatellein] is commonly used of the sprouting forth of the plants (see _Bleek_ on this passage)--it is said: [Greek: ex Iouda anatetalken ho Kurios hêmô...
7. vii. 6: "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God; the Lordthy God hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself out of all the people that are upon [Pg 20] the face of the earth." When the company of Korah said: "All the congre...
62. xxix. 19 (20): "The Lord will not be willing to forgive him; for thenthe anger of the Lord and His jealousy shall smoke against that man, and all the curses that are written in this book shall lie upon him, and the Lord blots out his name from un...
14. viii. 4), the time of the defeat is as exactly fixed, although not inciphers. In chap. xx. Isaiah announces that after three years the Egyptians and Ethiopians shall sustain a defeat; in chap. xxiii. 15, that Tyre would flourish anew seventy year...