Chapter 46

1. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 257.

2. Rickert, 259.

3. #W. Sandys, "Christmastide: its History, Festivities, and Carols"# (London, n.d.), 112.

4. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 133.

5. #J. A. H. Murray, "A New English Dictionary"# (Oxford, 1888, &c.) iv. (1) 577.

6. Addy, 103.

7. Dawson, 254.

8. Addy, 104.

9. Burne and Jackson, 407.

10. Brand, 283.

11. Cf. _Folk-Lore_, vol. xi., 1900, 260.

12. Addy, 103.

13. Cf. carols in Brand, 3, and Rickert, 243 f.

14. Brand, 3.

15. Dyer, 464.

16. Feilberg, i. 119, 184; Lloyd, 173.

17. Jahn, 265.

18. Stratilesco, 190.

19. Ralston, 193, 203.

20. Mijatovich, 98.

21. Jahn, 261.

22. Rietschel, 106. Cf. Weinhold, 25, and Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 463.

23. Sébillot, 217. |382|

24. Laisnel, i. 7 f.

25. _Ibid._ i. 12 f.

26. _Ibid._ i. 11.

27. #E. Cortet, "Essai sur les Fêtes religieuses"# (Paris, 1867), 265.

28. Frazer, "Golden Bough," ii. 286 f.

29. #M. Höfler, "Weihnachtsgebäcke. Eine vergleichende Studie der germanischen Gebildbrote zur Weihnachtszeit"# in #"Zeitschrift für österreichische Volkskunde,"# Jahrg. 11, Supplement-Heft 3 (Vienna, 1905).

30. Jahn, 280 f.

31. Burne and Jackson, 406 f.

32. #"The Mirror of Perfection,"# trans. by Sebastian Evans (London, 1898), 206.

33. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 233 f.

34. Lloyd, 170 f.

35. Jahn, 276.

36. _Ibid._ 276.

37. Lloyd, 168.

38. Evans, 231 f.; for the ox-custom, see Evans, 233.

39. Abbott, 76.

40. Hörmann, "Tiroler Volksleben," 244 f., 238, 245.

41. Dawson, 339.

42. #S. Graham, "A Vagabond in the Caucasus. With some Notes of his Experiences among the Russians"# (London, 1910), 25 f.

43. Stratilesco, 190.

44. Van Norman, 299 f.

45. Jahn, 267.

46. Frazer, "Golden Bough," ii. 442 f., where other examples, British and Continental, of the wren-hunt are given. Cf. Dyer, 494 f.

47. _Folk-Lore_, vol. xviii., 1907, 439 f.

48. MacCulloch, "Religion of the Ancient Celts," 221.

49. See Frazer, "Golden Bough," ii. 380, 441, for examples of similar practices with sacred animals.

50. _Folk-Lore_, vol. xi., 1900, 259.

51. Brand, 272.

52. _Folk-Lore_, vol. xi., 1900, 262.

53. Lloyd, 181 f.

54. _Ibid._ 181.

55. Thorpe, ii. 49 f.

56. Ralston, 200.