Chapter 41

1. #R. Chambers, "The Book Of Days"# (London, n.d.), ii. 538 [referred to as "B. D."]; #T. F. Thiselton Dyer, "British Popular Customs"# (London, 1876), 396 f.

2. #[Sir] J. Rhys, "Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion as illustrated by Celtic Heathendom"# (London, 1888), 514, #"Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx"# (Oxford, 1901), i. 321.

3. Tille, "Y. & C.," 57 f.

4. Rhys, "Celtic Folklore," i. 315 f.

5. #J. Dowden, "The Church Year and Kalendar"# (Cambridge, 1910), 23 f.

6. Cf. #J. G. Frazer, "Adonis, Attis, Osiris"# (2nd Edition, London, 1907), 315 f.

7. #E. B. Tylor, "Primitive Culture"# (3rd Edition, London, 1891), ii. 38.

8. Frazer, "Adonis," 310.

9. _Ibid._ 312 f.

10. #P. Sébillot, "Coutumes populaires de la Haute-Bretagne"# (Paris, 1886), 206.

11. #L. von Hörmann, "Tiroler Volksleben"# (Stuttgart, 1909), 193.

12. Frazer, "Adonis," 315.

13. #G. Pitrè, "Spettacoli e feste popolari siciliane"# (Palermo, 1880), 393 f. Cf. #H. F. Feilberg, "Jul"# (Copenhagen, 1904), i. 67.

14. #"Notes and Queries"# (London), 3rd Series, vol. i. 446; Dyer, 408.

15. Frazer, "Adonis," 250.

16. Dyer, 405 f.

17. _Notes and Queries_, 1st Series, vol. iv. 381; Dyer, 407.

18. #C. S. Burne and G. F. Jackson, "Shropshire Folk-Lore"# (London, 1883), 383.

19. _Ibid._ 381 f.

20. Quoted by Dyer, 410.

21. #O. von Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, "Das festliche Jahr der germanischen Völker"# (2nd Edition, Leipsic, 1898), 390.

22. #"Archivio per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari"# (Palermo), vol. viii. 574.

23. Hörmann, "Tiroler Volksleben," 189 f.

24. Frazer, "Adonis," 303 f.

25. _Ibid._ 306 f.

26. Evans, 363 f.

27. Dyer, 394.

28. _Ibid._ 398.

29. _Ibid._ 394. Cf. Chambers, "B. D.," ii. 519 f.

30. Dyer, 395.

31. _Ibid._ 399.

32. _Ibid._ 397 f.

33. #S. O. Addy, "Household Tales, with other Traditional Remains. Collected in the Counties of Lincoln, Derby, and Nottingham"# (London and Sheffield, 1895), 82.

34. _Ibid._ 85.

35. #W. Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders"# (2nd Edition, London, 1879), 101.

36. Dyer, 399.

37. _Ibid._ 403. |374|

38. Rhys, "Celtic Folklore," i. 321, "Celtic Heathendom," 514.

39. Rhys, "Celtic Folklore," i. 328.

40. MacCulloch, "Religion of the Ancient Celts," 259, 261.

41. Rhys, "Celtic Heathendom," 515.

42. _Ibid._ 515.

43. _Ibid._ 515, "Celtic Folklore," i. 225.

44. MacCulloch, "Religion of the Ancient Celts," 262.

45. Brand, 211.

46. Dyer, 402.

47. _Ibid._ 394 f.

48. Frazer, "Golden Bough," iii. 299 f.

49. Burne and Jackson, 389.

50. Dyer, 409.

51. #J. Grimm, "Teutonic Mythology"# (Eng. Trans. by J. S. Stallybrass, London, 1880-8), i. 47.

52. #K. Weinhold, "Weihnacht-Spiele und Lieder aus Süddeutschland und Schlesien"# (Vienna, 1875), 6.

53. #U. Jahn, "Die deutschen Opfergebräuche bei Ackerbau und Viehzucht"# (Breslau, 1884), 262.

54. _Ibid._ 262.

55. Weinhold, 6.

56. Dyer, 472.

57. _Notes and Queries_, 1st Series, vol. i. 173; Dyer, 486.

58. Weinhold, 7.

59. _Ibid._ 10.

60. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 449.

61. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 166.

62. Dyer, 480.

63. Feilberg, ii. 228 f.

64. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 393.

65. #Tacitus, "Annales,"# lib. i. cap. 50, quoted by Tille, "Y. & C.," 25.

66. Tille, "Y. & C.," 26.

67. _Ibid._ 52.

68. _Ibid._ 27.

69. Brand, 216 f.

70. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 401 f. For German Martinmas feasting, see also Jahn, 229 f.

71. Grimm, iv. 1838, for Danish custom; Jahn, 235 f., for German.

72. #"The Folk-Lore Record"# (London), vol. iv., 1881, 107; Dyer, 420.

73. MacCulloch, "Religion of the Ancient Celts," 260.

74. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 403.

75. Jahn, 246 f.

76. _Ibid._ 246; Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 403.

77. Tille, "Y. & C.," 34 f.

78. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 404; Jahn, 250.

79. Jahn, 247.

80. Angela Nardo-Cibele in _Archivio trad. pop._, vol. v. 238 f., for Venetia; Pitrè, 411 f., for Sicily.

81. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 405. |375|

82. Jahn, 240.

83. _Ibid._ 241 f.

84. _Ibid._ 241.

85. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 404.

86. Weinhold, 7.

87. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 268; Weinhold, 7; Tille, "D. W.," 25.

88. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, illustration facing p. 406.

89. _Ibid._ 405.

90. _Ibid._ 404.

91. _Ibid._ 410; Tille, "D. W.," 26 f.; #W. Mannhardt, "Der Baumkultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstämme"# (Berlin, 1875. Vol. i. of "Wald- und Feldkulte"), 273.

92. Cf. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 303, and Reinach, i. 180.

93. _Archivio trad. pop._, vol. v. 238 f., 358 f.

94. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 274.