Chapter 34

1. #G. K. Chesterton# in #"The Daily News,"# Dec. 26, 1903.

2. _Ibid._ Dec. 23, 1911.

3. Cf. #J. E. Harrison, "Themis: a Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion"# (Cambridge, 1912), 139, 184.

4. Or plural _Weihnachten_. The name _Weihnachten_ was applied in five different ways in mediaeval Germany: (1) to Dec. 25, (2) to Dec. 25-8, (3) to the whole Christmas week, (4) to Dec. 25 to Jan. 6, (5) to the whole time from Christmas to the Octave of the Epiphany. #G. Bilfinger, "Das germanische Julfest"# (Stuttgart, 1901), 39.

5. #A. Tille, "Die Geschichte der deutschen Weihnacht"# (Leipsic, 1893), 22. [Referred to as "D. W."]

6. #H. Usener, "Das Weihnachtsfest"# (Kap. i., bis. iii. 2nd Edition, Bonn, 1911), 273 f.

7. #L. Duchesne, "Christian Worship: its Origin and Evolution"# (Eng. Trans., Revised Edition, London, 1912), 257 f.

8. #J. Hastings, "Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics"# (Edinburgh, 1910), iii. 601 f.

9. #E. K. Chambers, "The Mediaeval Stage"# (Oxford, 1903), i. 244. [Referred to as "M. S."]

10. #A. Tille, "Yule and Christmas: their Place in the Germanic Year"# (London, 1899), 122. [Referred to as "Y. & C."]

11. _Ibid._ 164.

12. Tille, "D. W.," 21.

13. Tille, "Y. & C.," 203.

14. #K. Lake# in Hastings's "Encyclopædia" and in #"The Guardian,"# Dec. 29, 1911; #F. C. Conybeare#, Preface to #"The Key of Truth, a Manual of the Paulician Church of Armenia"# (Oxford, 1898), clii. f.; Usener, 18 f.

15. Usener, 27 f.

16. _Ibid._ 31; #J. E. Harrison, "Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion"# (Cambridge, 1903), 550.

17. Harrison, "Prolegomena," 402 f., 524 f., 550. |364|

18. #Lake#, and #G. Rietschel, "Weihnachten in Kirche, Kunst and Volksleben"# (Bielefeld and Leipsic, 1902), 10.

19. Conybeare, lxxviii.

20. #A. Lupi, "Dissertazioni, lettere ed altre operette"# (Faenza, 1785), i. 219 f., mentioned in article "Nativity" in #T. K. Cheyne's "Encyclopædia Biblica"# (London, 1902), iii. 3346.

21. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 234.

22. _Ibid._ i. 235; #F. Cumont, "The Monuments of Mithra"# (Eng. Trans., London, 1903), 190.

23. #G. Negri, "Julian the Apostate"# (Eng. Trans., London, 1905), i. 240 f.

24. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 235.

25. Duchesne, "Christian Worship," 265.

26. Tille, "Y. & C.," 146.