Part 44
In closing this long volume, I would like to make a plea for China. America should at once, without waiting for the “concert of Europe” (the “entangling alliances” which Washington prohibited) recognize the new Chinese republic. For some time, with others, I have been working on such a popular movement (as an American, and in no sense in the pay of the Chinese government), writing to editors, authors and influential men, making addresses before learned and popular bodies, and ascertaining the opinions of Orientalists and Orientals. In public meetings, I have found the sentiment of the American people to be entirely in favor. I wrote Ex-president Roosevelt in full on November 25th, 1912, and the _Outlook_ of November 30, 1912 kindly published an article in favor. The editor of the _Independent_ wrote me that they had long been favorable. From my mail, I quote a few representative sentiments as follows:
“Mr. Carnegie asks me to say that he is confident the republic will be among the first to recognize her sister republic.” The frank editor of the _North American Review_ writes: “We are in sympathy with your belief that the time has come for America’s recognition of, and aid to, the new Chinese republic.” President Woodrow Wilson warmly wrote me from Bermuda: “You may be sure that my interest in the fortunes of China is deep and permanent, and that the subject of recognition to which you call my attention will have my very serious and thoughtful consideration.” The earnest Ex-treasurer of New York, Colonel Arthur MacArthur, editor of the influential Troy _Budget_, writes: “My paper will continue to publish editorials and information in favor, and help to keep the movement prominently before the people.” The Worcester, Massachusetts, _Telegram_ has been most zealous. These are only samples of what the journals of the country are doing. Honorable Champ Clark, Speaker of the House of Representatives, writes me: “Individually I think the Chinese republic ought to be recognized, but it has been settled definitely in this country that the recognition of governments is an executive function.” Governor William Sulzer, the “father” of the famous Sulzer Resolution which passed Congress, and which congratulated republican China on her new form of government, writes me: “You can rely on me to do all I can in the future, as in the past, to promote the welfare of the Chinese republic.” Professor Blakeslee, of Clark University, wrote me: “I want to tell you how much I appreciate all that you are doing to urge the early recognition of the Chinese republic. Have you thought of getting up another petition? I should be glad to sign it; so would Professor A. B. Hart, of Harvard University, and three-fourths of those who spoke at the Conference would sign it.”
Of course there are some American “Manchus” and Laodiceans who are not in favor of the movement. At our last conference, at Clark University, of Orientalists recently arrived from the Orient, it was the general opinion that China should be helped by recognition, as miniature Portugal and South American republics, some of a moth’s life, have been helped. Americans at the head of Chinese universities have told me: “We are heart and soul in favor.” The able Chinese officials educated in America, are passionate in their appeal for recognition by America now, without waiting for the “concert of Europe” on this one point. Wu Ting Fang, first foreign minister, and Wang Chung Wei, assistant foreign minister of the southern republicans, who won the battles of the revolution, have been asking for America’s recognition since their first formal note of January, 1912. America has from the beginning warmly appreciated the recognition by France, Spain, etc., of our struggling republic in 1778, and leading Chinese ministers of state have told me that China would have the same feeling if recognition is not delayed till China is strong enough not to care so much as now. The forceful idiom of one official, who smiled as he spoke, was: “You know a beggar appreciates those favors the most which were given to him when he was a beggar, and not when he comes into his estate.” Are we waiting till China gives a _quid pro quo_ in concessions or monopolies, or until some future election confirms the revolution, as though the battles won were not a firmer expression of determination than even an election, in which latter, enemies can cloud the issue. Americans have almost entire charge of China’s higher education. The Panama Canal is going to bring trade intercourse with China very dose to the Eastern and Mississippi states of America. Secretary of State John Hay’s note to the powers in 1900, insisting for all time on the “integrity of China,” really commits America now to the recognition of the republic. Delayed recognition is really encouraging certain powers in ignoring the American altruistic doctrine of the “non-partition of China”. I refer partially to the secession of parts of Chinese Turkestan and Mongolia, largely caused by Monsieur Korostovetz’ intrusive visit in the van of Cossacks to the heart of the latter dependency as late as December, 1912.
My idea is that generously helping China in republicanism, in accordance with the spirit and terms of Washington’s Farewell Address, which specified that Americans “should recommend their form of government to the applause, affection and the _adoption_ of every nation,” will redound to the reputation of America in altruism. America’s largest field for expansion in trade, educational and religious influence, is in the New China, and the new progressive Chinese, from long association with them, I can give my word, fully deserve our unreserved admiration and friendship. As illustrating the general opinion of American educationalists in China, I quote the following letter from my warm friend Doctor J. E. Williams, Vice-president of the great University of Nanking, China. Mr. Williams led in the movement whereby $430,000 was collected for China’s relief in the last flood and famine, and in the conservative administration of that relief, and the model farm colonies which were later established for the Chinese. “I am greatly interested in what you are doing to hasten America’s recognition of the republic. I am heart and soul in sympathy. I also agree with what you write, that there are many who are not the friends of China. To any one who knows the inside facts, the latter make no case at all against China, but to the people who do not know, they put up a plausible story. Compare China’s advance after a year of revolution and reform, with the efforts of our own forefathers to establish the American republic. After one year of enlistment, Washington’s soldiers were leaving him and returning to their homes. As for financial credit, the original colonies had absolutely none. As for trade and commerce, there was nothing worth mentioning. As for the development of popular education as a basis of republican government, there were hardly the rudiments in evidence. As for the ability to open mines and railways as the _sine qua non_ of recognition, the original Thirteen Colonies had not even dreamed of mines and railways. It is my conviction that the Chinese are better prepared for republican government, and have a better outlook for its achievement than the Americans did any time up to the conclusion of the Civil War. I should be pleased to cooperate in any way in your plans for influencing the leaders in bringing about early recognition. Your plan is capital in every respect and I heartily concur.”
Generally, America has in the case of the South American republics, etc., recognized governments after they have been established one year. The year has long passed in the case of China. China has poor railroad communication and recognition should not be delayed until the suffrage is voting in machine form, and perhaps by “machine” plan! How smoothly was the American suffrage voting in 1778 when France, Holland, Sweden, Prussia and Spain recognized America? We did not even have a capital at that time, for our enemies had ravaged Philadelphia. China has two capitals (one of sentiment and one of fact) Nanking and Peking, but would like to have one, if foreigners will permit her! Why should America delay? “China has been forever and will be forever.” Soon she will be strong enough not to care, but what America does _now_ she will forever appreciate, and America will sit nearest to her heart’s gratitude. Think of it! A republic of 400,000,000 people trading and communing with us across the narrowing Pacific, and beneath the smiling rays of the same warm sun which we both face: an altruistic brotherhood of East and West, working for the uplift of the whole world. China should be recognized and sent on her way rejoicing. Be not deceived; the new Chinese know us well, and take due remembrance of any delay that is based on narrow-mindedness or the uncharitable or selfish heart. Great cycles have opened beyond the seas; let America and Britain be great with them, and part of that greatness consists in helping China to be great. One leading Chinese minister and polished orator in our own language, who, I believe, will some day be president of China, for he has the youth, ability and ambition, told me with tears in his enthusiastic eyes, as he declaimed on the great subject, that if America will stand by China in this matter of honor, China will engrave gratitude forever on the core of her heart. The Chinese republican officials say that whether the excuse for delay is that the republic must be tried at the polls; or that China hasn’t railways, or China hasn’t credit, or China hasn’t “Christian science”, and whatnot, the delay is encouraging Russia to encroach, and is discouraging their own people, by the fact that one great Pacific republic won’t officially recognize the other one, which was bought by the same awful price set by Freedom: the sacred blood of patriots sacrificed by the war-sword on the altar of Liberty.
The recognition movement is growing among our people, and is not confined to one class. Many business organizations are in favor of it. The Pacific Coast Chambers of Commerce have adopted resolutions urging favorable action without longer delay. Our National Chamber of Commerce has done the same thing. Senator Bacon, of Georgia, has recently introduced in congress a joint resolution, favoring early recognition. Representative university presidents have written me of their sympathy with the movement. I quote from a letter from Doctor David Starr Jordan, president of Leland Stanford Jr. University, of California, as follows: “I am thoroughly in sympathy with your work for recognition, and am thoroughly in sympathy with the desire of most of the American people that the republic in China may be officially recognized by the United States.” Notable pulpit orators have also joined the movement. I quote from a representative letter from the Reverend Doctor John Haynes Holmes, pastor of the Unitarian church of the Messiah, Park Avenue, New York City, as follows: “The Chinese subjects which you have suggested that my church, along with others, should bring to the attention of our people, are certainly pertinent. I am particularly interested in the second, viz., recognition of China as a sister republic. I shall hope to find place in my preaching for some emphatic favorable mention of these matters. With appreciation of the splendid work that you are doing for China’s recognition, I am.”
It is fitting that I should close this volume with the following important letter to me from my one-time fellow-townsman of Hongkong, Doctor Sun Yat Sen (Sunyacius), the leading citizen of the New China, the greatest of the Chinese reformers, who was at the head of the Chinese republican revolution; the first provisional president of China at Nanking, and who is at present the head of China’s National Railway and Industrial Development Board. This message, which will make history, is really a semi-official message from the vast Chinese republic of 400,000,000 people, through their greatest hero, the Christian founder of their republic, and their most influential official and citizen, to the American people. It reads:
“I have the honor of acknowledging your letters, together with the newspaper interviews with you urging America’s prompt recognition of the Chinese republic. In reply I beg to inform you that your effort in your interviews, books, etc., in conducting this campaign in China’s interest, is highly appreciated by me and my associates. We hope that your efforts for the recognition of China by the United States of America will be _speedily crowned with great success_.”
Those who know the American people know that their hearts unanimously bespeak a warm and favorable answer without further delay to so momentous an appeal. It is the great privilege and honor of this book to help to convey Doctor Sun Yat Sen’s message to America.
THE END
INDEX
Aborigines, 349, 361, 437, 446, 455, 490.
Advertising, 144, 181.
Aeroplanes, 71, 322.
Agriculture, 138, 142, 211, 220, 338, 512, 533.
Aglen, Sir F., 169, 288.
Aigun, 219.
American-British “entente”, 232, 266, 284.
America’s fleet in China, 6, 7, 12, 31, 41, 43, 46, 78, 88, 106, 110, 206, 215, 231, 262, 309.
America’s influence, 3, 48, 50, 73, 79, 84, 90, 93, 96, 134, 139, 154, 187, 206, 211, 240, 284, 308, 318, 336, 344, 346, 380, 567.
America’s troops in China, 86, 100, 368.
Amoy, 44, 378.
Ancestor worship, 92, 453, 488, 533.
Angkor ruins, 541.
Antiquities, 361, 435, 541.
Architecture, 161, 287, 313, 398, 451, 541.
Army, 23, 36, 45, 50, 56, 58, 65, 69, 72, 84, 87, 91, 102, 105, 161, 163, 209, 243, 266, 317, 322, 328.
Art, 39, 154, 254, 313, 543.
Athletics, 335, 339.
Auctioneer, 492.
Austria’s influence, 139, 197.
Automobiles, 84, 195, 375.
Ball, Dyer, 299, 383.
Banking, 4, 18, 47, 130, 165, 172, 211, 405.
Baptists, 340, 404.
Barber S. S. Line, 196.
Bashford, Bishop, 58, 87, 298.
Bell, Major General, 86.
Beresford, Admiral Lord, 326.
Bergen, President P. W., 302, 340.
Bible, 2, 14, 16, 308, 468.
Bible Societies, 243, 461.
Blagovestchensk, 220, 284.
Blake, Sir Henry, 300.
Blakeslee, Professor, 571, 572.
Boats, 120, 190, 204, 325.
Books, 12, 13, 18, 32, 180, 243, 290, 299, 303, 315, 518.
Bowen, President A. J., 301, 337.
Boycotts, 59, 73, 77, 233, 562.
Brent, Bishop, 399.
Bragg, General, 291.
Bridges, new, 190, 193.
Bridges, old, 250.
Broadway Tabernacle, N. Y., 339.
Brownell, Dean, 339.
Britain’s influence, 17, 48, 50, 73, 79, 106, 151, 155, 180, 184, 194, 230, 234, 288, 343, 363, 437, 467.
British-India S. S. Co., 197.
British troops in China, 102, 367, 378.
Bubonic plague, 502.
Buddhism, 7, 35, 104, 311, 351, 450.
Budget, 243.
Business, 24, 137, 159, 175, 184, 235.
Butterfield & Swire, 149, 151, 176, 178, 196.
Calendar, Christian, 47, 82.
Camp, Walter, 339.
Camphor, 538.
Canada in China, 175, 184, 348, 437.
Canadian Pacific Steamship Line, 196.
Canals, 201, 203.
Cantlie, Doctor, 15, 17.
Canton, 4, 6, 23, 43, 84, 106, 190, 202, 380, 516.
Canton Christian College, 304, 380.
Car building, 153, 188, 194.
Carlyle, 453.
Catholic work, 345, 459, 462.
Cecil, Lord, 346.
Cement, 138, 154, 384.
Chang Hsun, General, 42, 63, 166, 317.
Chang Jen, Viceroy, 42.
Chang Shao, General, 25, 38, 76.
Chao Ehr Feng, General, 34, 317, 508.
Chao Ehr Sun, Viceroy, 97, 103.
Chartered Bank, 165.
Chater, Sir Paul, 334.
Cheo Ping Chun, Premier, 109.
Chifu, 406.
Children, 525.
China Merchants S. S., 83, 93, 197, 199, 200.
China-Japan War, 326, 329.
Chinese Eastern Railway, 198.
Chinese Engineering & Mining Company, 148, 178, 197.
Chingtu, 22, 35, 193, 250, 343, 344, 435.
Chin Tao Chen, Minister Fin., 82, 223.
Chin Wang Tao, port, 83, 94, 203, 211, 219, 328.
Chops, 181.
Chungking City, 438.
Chun, Regent, 50, 67, 320.
Civil service, 9, 161.
Clans, 7, 492.
Clark, Speaker Champ, 572.
Clark University Oriental Congress, 304, 571.
Coal, 139, 142, 147, 153, 238, 287, 409, 441.
Colquhoun, Sir Archibald, 189, 202, 205, 293.
Collinson, Engineer, 298.
Commercial attachés, 175.
Compradores, 176, 294.
Copper, 22, 149.
Concessions, 6, 10, 11, 27, 28, 72, 76, 85, 140, 175.
Confucianism, 7, 92, 449, 453, 469, 475, 522.
Confucius, 58, 61, 245, 325, 473.
Conger, E. H., 209.
Congregationalism, 73, 340, 342, 460.
Congress, National, 22, 32, 38, 50, 60, 78, 242, 244, 349.
Connaught, Duke of, 369.
Conservation, 150, 202, 401.
Constitutional Articles, Nineteen, 50, 89, 319.
Consuls, 175, 192, 207, 308.
Copyright and patents, 156.
Corporations, 146, 179, 184, 279, 412, 482.
Cotton, 178, 277, 538.
Creasy, Sir Edward, 240.
Credit system, 166.
Crime, 117, 124, 472, 561.
Currency, 86, 167.
Curzon, Lord, 293.
Customs, National, 161, 163, 169, 288.
Dalai Lama, 35, 311.
_Daughter of Heaven, The_, play, 567.
Debt, National, 28, 162, 164.
Dentists, 509.
Deutsche-Asiatique Bank, 165, 405.
Docks, 151, 215, 404.
Dogs, 524.
Dollar S. S. Co., 196.
Doumer, Paul, 189, 285, 292.
Dorpmuller, Herr, 298.
Dress, 7.
Edmunds, President, 304.
Education, modern, 8, 10, 162, 243, 297, 302, 334, 343, 347, 460, 531.
Eighth Division, 90, 319.
Electric development, 139, 194, 211, 257.
Emigration, 156, 216, 236.
Emperor Pu Yi, 91.
Engine building, 140.
Engineering, 180, 187, 251, 341.
English language, 143, 194, 341, 347, 359.
Episcopalians, 13, 25, 40, 73, 302, 335, 342, 343, 346, 405, 406, 461, 466.
Eunuchs, 311.
Eurasians, 527.
Extraterritoriality, 20, 232.
Fairs, 493.
Famine, 89, 161, 257, 526.
Farms, 533.
Favier, Bishop, 303.
Feng, General, 317, 404.
Finance, 141, 146, 161, 185.
Fire departments, 140.
Floods, 8, 89, 441.
Flour, 138, 294.
Food, 6, 8, 221, 371, 496.
Foreigners, 6, 7, 12, 14, 24, 28, 49, 71, 85, 192, 234, 287, 288, 302, 363, 447.
Forests, 194, 533, 538.
Formosa, 149, 165, 311.
France’s influence, 31, 153, 170, 189, 198, 285, 292, 304, 311, 332.
Fuchau, 30, 332, 343, 386.
Fulton, Doctor Mary, 345.
Furniture, 154, 553.
Gamewell, F. D., 298.
Gautier, Judith, 568.
George, Henry, 13, 407, 555.
Germany in China, 11, 31, 54, 59, 63, 84, 148, 152, 154, 180, 193, 197, 199, 253, 298, 311, 341, 347, 407.
Goethe, 356.
Gordon, “Chinese”, 289.
Grand Canal, 200, 203.
Graphite, 150.
Greeley, Admiral, 292, 364.
Green, Owen, 300.
Guilds, 142, 233, 560.
Hangchow, 390.
Hankau, 36, 39, 40, 45, 48, 52, 333, 403.
Hanyang, 36, 51, 55.
Hanyang Steel Works, 145, 188, 249, 298, 404.
Hart, Sir Robert, 169, 288.
Hay, John, 209.
Hayes, Doctor W. M., 300, 340.
Hirth, Professor, 300.
Holcomb, Chester, 300.
Homes, 494, 495, 546.
Hongkong, 15, 20, 33, 43, 51, 63, 77, 143, 150, 154, 185, 189, 285, 293, 296, 309, 363, 377, 507, 512.
Hongkong & Shanghai Bank, 4, 165, 177, 191.
Hongkong and Whampoa Dock, 151, 178.
Horses, 141, 307, 376, 443.
Hosie, Sir Alexander, 300, 315.
Hospitals, 126, 382, 402, 414, 515.
Hotels, 212, 374.
Humor, 70, 114.
Hunan, 27, 36.
Hupeh, 18, 23.
Hsu, Commander-in-chief, 24, 46, 62, 68, 82, 87, 317.
Hwang Hing, General, 16, 21, 43, 45, 55, 82, 87, 317.
Hygiene, 257, 399, 533.
Ichang, 405.
Idols, 125, 456.
Imperial Third Division, 39, 40, 106, 404.
Indemnities, 6, 11, 28, 32, 85, 164, 169, 232, 309, 336.
Industrial China, 138, 153, 170, 294, 347.
Insurance, 181.
International Banking Company, 165, 176.
International Merchants’ Marine, 198.
Irrigation, 250, 286, 534.
Iron, 139, 145, 149, 188, 441.
Japan’s debt, 264, 265.
Japan’s influence, 3, 25, 29, 31, 48, 53, 73, 79, 93, 109, 152, 155, 193, 199, 201, 215, 230, 259, 563.
Jardine, Matheson & Company, 149, 176, 196, 396.
Jehol, 39, 45, 255.
Jeme Tien Yao, Engineer, 187, 223, 252.
Jordan, President David Starr, 577.
Kalgan, 39.
Kang Yu Wei, 12, 96, 243, 312.
Kerr, Doctor, 15.
Kinder, C. W., 194, 298.
Kitchener, Lord, 293.
Knitting factories, 144, 183.
Korea, 15, 165, 168, 260.
Kwang Hsu, Emperor, 13, 98, 200, 242, 245, 312.
Kwangtung province, 5.
Labor, 142, 143, 217, 237.
Lanchow camp, 38, 76, 83, 87.
Land Tax, 9.
Land values, 370, 478.
Language, 2, 177, 289, 299, 359.
Laws, 20, 63, 85, 156, 299, 472.
Lea, Homer, 46, 69, 261.
Leprosy, 510.
Lhasa, 35.
Liang Chi Chao, 12.
Lighthouses, 257.
Li Hung Chang, 8, 21, 200, 318.
Likin, 171.
Ling, General, 24, 42, 44, 47, 49, 62.
Liquor, 132, 314, 508.
Literature, 351.
Little, Archibald, 115, 192, 205.
Little, Robert, 300.
Li Yuan Heng, General, 24, 25, 35, 45, 48, 55, 65, 87, 133, 209, 317, 327, 402.
Lloyds Bank, 165.
Loans, 11, 20, 28, 29, 57, 59, 64, 69, 84, 85, 93, 103, 108, 161, 169, 171, 191, 201, 292.
Lockhart, Sir Stewart, 300.
Loti, Pierre, 285, 541, 568.
Lowry, Doctor H. H., 297.
Macao, 16, 131, 138, 202, 207, 370, 383, 484.
Machinery, 138, 176, 212.
Manchuria, 29, 94, 138, 188, 211, 217, 231, 261, 278, 281, 300, 306, 315, 432.
Manchus, 4, 6, 9, 11, 18, 22, 31, 38, 40, 44, 54, 60, 72, 79, 85, 146, 239, 248, 254, 305, 311, 356, 421.
Manila, 152, 211.
Martin, Doctor W. A. P., 297, 342, 469.
Masons, 369.
Mateer Doctor C. W., 301, 468.
Matting, 536.
Medical Missions, 15, 40, 335, 337, 339, 340, 342, 414, 465, 502, 515.
Messageries Maritimes Steamship Company, 198, 285, 293.
Methodists, 298, 301, 340, 342, 344, 402, 467.
Mines, 11, 24, 27, 28, 151.
Ming claimant, 102, 222.
Ming dynasty, 11, 254, 392.
Ming tombs, 47, 392.
Missionaries, 13, 39, 49, 78, 171, 261, 302, 400, 462, 465.
Missions, 7, 15, 25, 30, 56, 73, 90, 344, 345, 461, 469.
Mitsu Bishi Company, 152, 179.
Mitsui & Company, 179, 197, 278.
Model town, 5.
Mody, Hormusjee, 334.
Mongolia, 138, 281.
Morrison, George E., 292, 298.
Mosby, Colonel, 291.
Moving pictures, 489.
Mukden, 39, 45, 93, 193, 430.
Museums, 348.
Music, modern, 338, 341.
Nanking, 42, 43, 47, 49, 53, 56, 62, 83, 338, 343, 392.
Nanking Assembly, 80, 91.
Nathan, Sir M., 296, 364.
Navy, 4, 8, 25, 36, 41, 67, 69, 70, 88, 95, 141, 151, 162, 233, 326.
Newchwang, 429.
Newspapers, 4, 7, 8, 13, 21, 33, 114, 140, 300, 357, 368, 377.
Ningpo, 388.
Ninth Imperial Division, 44.
Nippon Yusen Kaisha Steamship Company, 197, 200.
Non-partition of China, 79, 86, 230, 282, 328, 429, 574.
Northern Pacific Railway Steamship Company, 196.
Oils, 141, 149, 179.
Okuma, Count, 76.
Open Door policy, 217, 230, 305.
Opium, 3, 309, 339, 399, 499.
Pacific Mail, 176, 196, 198, 292.
Paint, 149.
Panama Canal, 96, 137, 198, 267.
Parker, Professor, 60, 299.
Parsees, 365.
Patent and copyright, 156, 182.
Pawnshops, 172.
Peculation, 118, 121, 146, 162, 200.
Peking, 38, 194, 339, 343, 413.
Peking, rebellion of troops, 99.
Peking-Kalgan Railway, 191.
Peking Syndicate, 27, 148, 178, 197.
Peninsular & Oriental Steamship Company, 176, 196.
Philippines, 33, 214, 237, 261, 267, 285, 290.
Physicians, 122.
Piracy, 51, 53, 67, 78, 106, 122, 286, 483.
Pneumonic plague, 342.
Ports, 187, 201, 203.
Portugal, 31.
Port Arthur, 425.
Post-office, 144, 243.
Population, 322, 526, 533.
Pott, President F., 302, 335.
Pottery, 150, 421, 551.
Presbyterians, 13, 62, 301, 302, 340, 342, 344, 345, 467, 516, 531, 548.
Presses, 345, 460.
Prisons, 120, 446.
Provincial Governors, 248.
Public Works, 161, 250, 257.
Quarantine practise, 513.
Queues, 4, 70, 81, 245, 314.
Railways, 3, 11, 61, 93, 148, 153, 162, 186, 193, 211, 219, 249, 282, 298, 382, 578.
Railways, Nationalization of, 10, 23, 27, 28, 33, 85, 137, 171, 344, 492.
Rea, G. B., 300.
Recognition of China, 85, 88, 94, 101, 214, 571.
Red Cross, 47, 342.
Reforestation, 194, 533, 538.
Reform Edicts, 243.
Republicanism, 22, 31, 54, 56, 68, 71, 73, 77, 79, 88, 94, 97, 99, 111, 248, 334, 336.
Republican revolution, 1, 6.
Revenue, 161.
Richard, Doctor Timothy, 342.