Part II. ed. R. Morris and W. W. Skeat; 3rd ed. Oxford, 1894.

Specimens of English Literature, ed. W. W. Skeat; 5th ed. Oxford, 1890. Speght.--Chaucer's Works, ed. T. Speght, London, 1598; 2nd ed. 1602. Spenser, E.; Works of, ed. R. Morris and J. W. Hales; London, 1869. Stewart, H. F.; Boethius, an Essay; Edinburgh and London, 1891. Stowe, John; Chaucer's Works; London, 1561, folio. ---- Survey of London, ed. W. J. Thoms; London, 1842. Stratmann, F. H.; A Middle-English Dictionary; ed. H. Bradley; Oxford, 1891. Strutt, J.; Manners, Customs, &c., of the Inhabitants of England; 3 vols. London, 1774-6. ---- The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England; ed. W. Hone; London, 1876. Swainson, Rev. C.; Provincial Names of British Birds; E. D. S., 1885. Sweet, H., Second Middle-English Primer; Oxford, 1886.

Ten Brink, B.; Chaucer: Studien zur Geschichte seiner Entwicklung; M[:u]nster, 1870. ---- Chaucer's Sprache und Verskunst; Leipzig, 1884. ---- Early English Literature; tr. by H. M. Kennedy; London, 1883. ---- English Literature; tr. by W. Clarke Robinson; London, 1893. Testament of Love, The; printed with Chaucer's Works, in the old editions. Theatrum Chemicum; 5 vols. London, 1659. Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, by E. Ashmole; London, 1652. 4to. Thornton Romances, ed. J. O. Halliwell; London, C. S., 1844. (Contains Sir Percival, Sir Isumbras, Sir Eglamour, and Sir Degrevant.) Three Metrical Romances, ed. J. Robson; London, C. S., 1842. (Contains The Anturs of Arthur, Sir Amadace, and the Avowynge of Arthur.) Thynne, F.; Animadversions on Speght's Chaucer, ed. Furnivall; Ch. S., 1875. Thynne; Chaucer's Workes, ed. W. Thynne; London. 1532, folio. Todd, Rev. H. J.; Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer; London, 1810. Trevisa, R.; translation of Higden; _see_ Higden. Tyrwhitt, T.; Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. 5 vols. 8vo. London, 1775-8. ---- The Poetical Works of G. Chaucer, with an Essay, &c.; by T. Tyrwhitt. London, E. Moxon, 1845; reprinted, 1855. [_Not_ edited by Tyrwhitt, except as regards the Canterbury Tales.]

Udall, N.; translation of the Apothegmes of Erasmus; Boston, 1877. Urry J.; Chaucer's Works; London, 1871, folio.

Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Doctrinale, Naturale, Historiale; Venice, 1494. Vulgate; _see_ Biblia.

Wallace, The; by Henry the Minstrel; ed. J. Jamieson; Edinburgh, 1820; _also_ ed. J. Moir, Scottish Text Soc., 1884-9. Ward, A. W., Life of Chaucer; London, 1875. Wars of Alexander, ed. W. W. Skeat; E. E. T. S., 1886. Warton, History of English Poetry; 3 vols. London, 1840. _Also_, ed. Hazlitt; 4 vols. London, 1871. Weber's Metrical Romances; 3 vols. London, 1810. (_Contains_ King Alisaunder, Sir Cleges, Lai le Freine; Richard Coer de Lion, Ipomydon, Amis and Amiloun; Seven Sages, Octovian, Sir Amadas, Hunting of the Hare.) Wheeler, W. A., A Dictionary of Noted Names of Fiction; London, 1866. Willert, Hans; G. Chaucer, The Hous of Fame; Text, Varianten, Anmerkungen, Berlin, 1888. (Wissenschaftliche Beilage zum Programm der Margarethenschule zu Berlin.) William of Palerne, ed. W. W. Skeat; E. E. T. S., 1867. Wright, T.; Biographia Britannica Literaria; 2 vols. London, 1842-6. ---- Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. A new Text, &c. London, n. d. ---- History of Domestic Manners; _also called_ Homes of Other Days. London, 1871. ---- Vocabularies; 2nd edition, ed. R. P. W[:u]lcker; 2 vols. London, 1884. _And see_ Popular Treatises. Wright, W. A.; The Bible Word-book; 2nd ed. London, 1884. Wyclif, J.; Select English Works, ed. T. Arnold; 3 vols. Oxford, 1869-71. ---- English Works, hitherto unprinted; ed. F. D. Matthew; E. E. T. S., 1880. Wycliffite Versions of the Bible; ed. Rev. J. Forshall and Sir F. Madden; Oxford, 1850.

York Mystery Plays; ed. Lucy Toulmin Smith; Oxford, 1885.

Zupitza (Julius): Die mittelenglische Vorstufe von Shakespeare's As You Like It. In the Jahrbuch der deutschen Shakespeare-Gesellschaft, vol. xxi. p. 69. Weimar, 1886. [On The Tale of Gamelyn, see vol. iii. p. 405.] ---- Chaucer's Prologue. Berlin, 1882.

* * * * *

LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS AND OLD EDITIONS.

The various MSS. and editions collated in this edition (besides others which do not afford much help) are all duly enumerated in their proper places. It is, perhaps, advisable to say expressly, that the same symbol is often used for different MSS.; and that the same MS. is sometimes (not often) denoted by different symbols. But no confusion need arise, as this never happens with respect to the same piece. For example, in the Minor Poems, 'A.' occurs as a symbol for MS. Ashinole 59; whilst in the Legend of Good Women, the same symbol occurs for MS. Arch. Selden B. 24. Again, in the Minor Poems, MS. Arch. Selden B. 24 is denoted by the symbol 'Ar.,' but in the Legend by 'A.,' as above. All that is necessary to fix the meaning of the symbol employed is to consult the 'Introduction' to the piece under consideration. And all that need be given here is a full statement of the references to the various descriptions of the MSS.

Romaunt of the Rose; i. 11. Minor Poems; i. 48-58. Boethius; ii. xxxvii-xlvi. Troilus; ii. lxvii-lxxv. Hous of Fame; iii. xiii. Legend of Good Women; iii. xlvii-li. Astrolabe; iii. lvii-lxii. Canterbury Tales; iv. viii-xv.

Similar remarks apply to the old editions; the descriptions of them follow the descriptions of the MSS.

* * * * *

GENERAL LIST OF ERRATA,

INCLUDING A FEW EMENDATIONS AND ADDENDA.

The Lists of Errata already given in previous volumes are here collected, with a few emendations and additions. The length of the list is a subject of regret on my part, and is partly due to the difficulty of the work and to the attempt to give a new and improved text. A considerable number of the Errata are, however, of a very trivial nature; on which account those which seem to be of some importance are marked with a preceding asterisk.

* * * * *

ERRATA IN VOLUME I.

P. ix. See vol. v. p. 490.

P. xxiii; l. 14. _For_ 1868 _read_ 1368.

*P. lvii; l. 1 of LENVOY. The unmeaning word 'destruye,' as given in the editions, should doubtless be corrected to 'deseruye,' or 'deservye'; as said in P. Toynbee's Specimens of Old French; see pp. 482-4 of that work.

P. lxii. To the list of Chaucer's metres, add: 5_c_ = 9-line stanza, with the rimes thrice repeated; as in Womanly Noblesse (vol. iv. p. xxv). Also: 13 = 6-line stanza, _ababaa_; in the Envoy to the same poem.

P. 12; l. 9. This displacement was first noticed (not by Bell, but) by Tyrwhitt, in his _last_ note on the Canterbury Tales.

P. 28. To this list of early editions of separate works of Chaucer, add:--_Boethius_, edited by Caxton, before 1479.

P. 35; l. 9. Alain Chartier, if born (as some say) as early as 1386, was _fourteen_ years old at Chaucer's death. This does not affect the argument or the result. (Make a similar correction in note 2 on p. 28).

P. 39; l. 8. _Delete the words_--A sixth is in MS. Harl. 7333, in the British Museum.

P. 78; last line. _Read_ is well spelt, nor is either

P. 80; l. 6 from bottom, for _y-seen_ read _y-seyn_.

P. 95; l. 47. Insert a comma after 'oughte'

P. 98; l. 114. Omit the comma at the end of the line.

P. 126; l. 793. Delete the comma at the end of the line.

P. 127; l. 806. Delete the comma at the end of the line.

P. 135; l. 997. _For_ shall _read_ shal

P. 136; ll. 1015-6. Improve the punctuation thus:--

As whyt as lilie or rose in rys Hir face, gentil and tretys.

P. 136; l. 1021. Delete the comma after 'yelowe'

P. 141; l. 1154. Delete the comma after 'seide'

P. 168; l. 1962. _For_ Bu -if _read_ But-if

P. 176; l. 2456. _For_ joy _read_ Ioy

P. 190; footnotes. _For_ 3320. _read_ 3319.

P. 195; l. 3643. _For_ [god it _read_ [god it]

P. 199; footnotes. _For_ 3852. _read_ 3851.

P. 201; l. 4035. For the comma substitute a semicolon.

P. 227; l. 5698. For the comma substitute a semicolon.

*P. 249; l. 4035. _For_ echerye _read_ trecherye

P. 253; l. 7324. _For_ weary _read_ wery

*P. 254; l. 7392. Thynne has 'falowe'; but it is clearly an error for 'falowe.'

P. 255; l. 7437. Supply a comma at the end of the line.

P. 258; l. 7665. Insert a comma after 'helle'

P. 269; l. 145. The stop at the end should be a comma.

*P. 270; l. 163. I now think that 'suffred' is correct; but that 'his herte' has been wrongly put for 'him,' by confusion with l. 164. Moreover, 'pighte' must be an error for 'prighte'; see the Glossary. I am convinced that the right reading is--

And suffred eek, that Longius him prighte,

Compare Cant. Tales, F 418.

P. 278; l. 49. _For_ aud _read_ and

P. 280; l. 105. Rather, read--Ne coude she no reed but oon;

P. 282; l. 145. _For_ Aud _read_ And

P. 296; footnotes, last line. For _fter_ read _after_

P. 301; l. 716. The comma should perhaps be a semicolon or a full stop.

P. 313; l. 1069. For 'Antilegius' read 'Antilogus,' which is a French form of 'Antilochus.' See correction below (for p. 489).

P. 326; l. 74. Perhaps 'let' should be 'lete'

P. 330; l. 206. _For_ folke _read_ folk

P. 338; l. 91. _For_ Aud _read_ And

P. 340; l. 133. _For_ the _read_ thee

P. 358; ll. 653, 655, 659. _Perhaps read_ weye, seye, a-weye (_with final_ e).

P. 362; l. 76. The final stop should be a comma.

P. 374; ll. 243, 248. _For_ desteny _and_ ful _better forms are_ destinee _and_ fulle.

P. 377; l. 328. _For_ furlong wey _read_ furlong-wey

P. 407; The lines are misnumbered.

P. 424; note to Rom. Rose, 923. See vol. v. 490.

P. 456; note to ll. 163, 164. It would be far better to read 'And suffred eek, that Longius him prighte.' See correction above (to p. 270).

P. 489; note to l. 1069. But the best reading is certainly 'Antilogus'; for this is the form actually used (in place of Archilochus) by Beno[^i]t de St. More; who says (in l. 20969) that 'Antilogus fu filz Nestor.'

*P. 495; note to ll. 1318-9. See vol. v. 490.

P. 496; note to l. 7 (last line). _For_ Troil s _read_ Troilus.

P. 557; last line. 'I take this opportunity to remark that Mr. Skeat's suggestion that _olde grisel_ = _old gray horse_, is supported not only by Gower, Conf. Am. viii. ed. Pauli, iii. 356 (Olde grisel is no fole), but by _bonny grisel_ = _bonny gray horse_ in the ballad of Johnie Armstrong, B, st. 20; Child, III. 369.'--Prof. Kittredge, Obs. on Troilus, p. 424.

* * * * *

ERRATA IN VOLUME II.

P. xxiv; l. 6 from bottom. _For_ alienae _read_ alieni.

Pp. lvii-lx. These extracts from Guido may well be compared with Caxton's Recuyell of The Historyes of Troye, as reprinted by O. Sommer, pp. 604, 608, 610, 613, 633.

P. lxxvi; l. 21. _For_ have been _read_ has been.

I. BOETHIUS.

*P. 8; Book I, met. 4. l. 8. _For_ thonder-light _a better reading is_ thonder-leit; see p. xliii, and the note (p. 422).

P. 26; Book II, met. 1. l. 11. _For_ proeueth _read_ proeveth

P. 29; Book II, pr. 3. l. 3. _Delete the comma after_ wherwith

*P. 48; Book II, pr. 7. l. 86. _For_ thas _read_ that

*P. 50; Book II, pr. 8. l. 17. _For_ windinge _read_ windy. See pp. xlii, 434.

P. 58; Book III, pr. 3. l. 68. _For_ all _read_ al

P. 62; l. 4. Counted as l. 10; it is really l. 9.

P. 63; Book III, pr. 5. l. 41. _For_ of _read_ _of_ (in italics).

*P. 74; Book III, pr. 10. l. 6. _For_ has _read_ hast

P. 122; Book IV, met. 6. l. 24. Delete the square brackets; see pp. xlii, xliii.

*P. 124; Book IV, pr. 7. l. 61. MS. C _has_ confirme; _and_ MS. A _has_ conferme. But the right reading _must be_ conforme; _since the_ Latin _text has_ conformandae. (Thynne _has_ conserue.)

II. TROILUS.

P. 159; Book I. 204. _For_ cast _read_ caste

P. 160; Book I. 217. The alternative reading is better; see note, p. 463.

P. 160; Book I. 239. _For_ yet _read_ yit (for the rhyme).

P. 162; Book I. 284. _For_ neuer _read_ never

P. 163; Book I. 309. _For_ Troylus _read_ Troilus

P. 163; Book I. 310. _For_ thyng _read_ thing

P. 165; Book I. 401. Alter ! to ?

P. 166; Book I. 406. _For_ thurst _read_ thurste

*P. 166; Book I. 420. _For_ deye _read_ dye (for the rhyme).

P. 171; Book I. 570. _For_ euery _read_ every

P. 172; Book I. 621. _For_ Troylus _read_ Troilus

P. 174; Book I. 656. _For_ y _read_ I

P. 174; Book I. 657. Insert ' at the beginning.

P. 175; Book I. 684. Delete the comma at the end of the line (C. Stoffel).

P. 177; Book I. 766. Alter ? to a comma (C.S.)

P. 181; Book I. 879. _For_ the _read_ thee

P. 187; Book I. 1074. _For_ tho _read_ the (suggested by C. Stoffel). H2. Ed. the; Cl. H. tho (_which is remarkable_); Cm. _omits the line_.

P. 192; Book II. 113. Delete ' at the end.

P. 194; Book II. 170. Insert ' at the beginning.

P. 200; Book II. 358. Delete the comma at the end (C. Stoffel).

P. 205; Book II. 529. _For_ penaunc _read_ penaunce

P. 208; Book II. 628. _For_ swych _read_ swich

*P. 223; Book II. 1108. _Perhaps read_--And she to laughe, &c. 'Is it not better to consider _and she to laughe_ as a case of _Infinitivus historicus_? Cf. the French--"Ainsi dit le renard, _et flatteurs d'applaudir_." Examples of the like are not unheard-of in M.E. M[:a]tzner (III. 51) quotes from P. Plowman, A. 33: "And summe murthhes _to make_ as munstrals cunne, And _gete_ gold with here gle." And from Layamon, II. 485: "Ah Arthur com sone mid selere strengthe, and Scottes _to fleonne_ feor of tham aerde." I have myself noted the following: Caxton, _Reynard the Fox_, ed. Arber, 26: "(he) folewed me cryeng kylle and slee hym; I _to goo_ and they after, and many moo cam after which alle thought to hurte me."'--C. Stoffel.

If this be right, we may consider the auxiliary verb _gan_, or its equivalent, as being understood before the expressed gerund. And we may as well explain _to go_ in the same way, as found in the Legend of Good Women, 653. See further _To-ga_ (better _to ga_?) in my glossary to Barbour's Bruce.

P. 229; Book II. 1294, Insert ' at the beginning.

P. 234; Book II. 1461. _For_ streyt _read_ streght, _as in_ MS. H.

P. 260; Book III. 522. _Delete the comma after_ laft

P. 260; Book III. 535. _For_ made _read_ mad _or_ maad

P. 261; Book III. 558. _For_ lengere _read_ lenger

P. 264; Book II. 662. _For_ thondre _read_ thonder

P. 266; Book III. 715. _For_ murthe _read_ mirthe

P. 271; Book III. 885. _For_ ringe _read_ ring

*P. 282; Book III. 1219. _For_ sweet _read_ swete

P. 312; Book IV. 318. _For_ to the peyne _read_ to my peyne

P. 318; Book IV. 502. Alter the final comma to a semicolon.

*P. 339; Book IV. 1171. _For_ wrong, and seyde _read_ wronge, and seyd

P. 344: Book IV. 1297. _For_ goinge _read_ going

*P. 344; Book IV. 1323. _For_ Thal _read_ That

*P. 390; Book V. 1039. _For_ she _read_ he. Cf. note, p. 499; and p. lx. l. 3.

P. 392; Book V. 1109; footnote. _For_ est _read_ the est

P. 405; Book V. 1494. _For_ told _read_ tolde

P. 424, l. 4. _For_ alienae _read_ alieni

P. 431; note to prose 5, 35; l. 3. _Delete_ for which I find _no_ authority. Peiper gives the reading _postremo_, but from one MS. only; most MSS. give the reading _postremae_, as in Obbarius, who does not recognise _postremo_.

P. 463; note to Book I. 217. _Add_--So too in Barbour's Bruce, i. 582: 'Bot oft failyeis the fulis thocht.' Moreover, this very passage is quoted in the Test. of Love, bk. ii. c. 8, thus:--'all daye faileth thinges that fooles wende.'

P. 478; note to Book III. 674. See additional note at p. 506.

P. 479; note to Book III. 797. 'That _Horaste_ = _Orestes_, is evident from Gower's Conf. Amantis, bk. iii (I. 352), where the forms _Horestes_ and _Horest_ (elided) occur. Chaucer merely uses the name without intending an allusion to the classical Orestes.'--G. L. Kittredge, Observations on the language of Troilus, p. 347.

*P. 479, last line; and p. 480, first line. _For_ represents the Pers ... _karn_, horn--_read_ represents the Arab, _z[=u]'lkarnayn_, lit. two-horned; from Arab. _z[=u]_, lord of, _hence_, possessing, and the dual form of _karn_, horn.

Notes to Book I. 948, 951; II. 36, 1335; III. 1219. Dr. K[:o]ppel has shewn (in Archiv f[:u]r das Studium der neueren Sprachen, xc. 150) that Chaucer here quotes from Alanus de Insulis, Liber Parabolarum (as printed in Migne, Cursus Patrologicus, vol. ccx). The passages are:--

Fragrantes uicina rosas urtica perurit (col. 582).

Post noctem sperare diem, post nubila solem, Post lacrimas risus laetitiamque potes (583).

Mille uiae ducunt homines per saecula Romam (591).

De nuce fit corylus, de glande fit ardua quercus (583).

Dulcius haerescunt humano mella palato, Si malus hoc ipsum mordeat ante sapor (592).

P. 482; note to Book III. 1417. The explanation by G. Douglas, that _Fortuna maior_ refers to Jupiter, is probably incorrect. It is far more likely that Chaucer adopted the phrase from Dante, Purg. xix. 4. _Fortuna maior_ was a figure in geomancy (cf. note to Cant. Tales, A 2045, in vol. v. pp. 82, 83); and this figure was like four points (or stars) arranged in a square, with two more points _below_ it (like a four of diamonds above a two of the same).

_Fortuna Maior._ _Fortuna Minor._ * * * * * * * * * * * *

The name was also bestowed upon a group of six stars that formed a figure roughly resembling the same, though one of the stars (as it were at the top left-hand corner) is a little out of place. These stars are described by the commentators on Dante as being situate in the end of the sign of Aquarius and the beginning of Pisces; and answer (sufficiently well) to the stars now named [theta] Pegasi, [alpha] Aquarii, [pi] and [gamma] Aquarii, and lastly, [zeta] and [eta] Aquarii. For help as to this matter I am indebted to Sir R. Ball; also, for the reference to Dante (which Cary long ago noticed), to Mr. A. J. Butler. See my letter in The Academy, Nov. 3, 1894, p. 352.

P. 488; note to Book IV. 506. _Delete_ Troilus speaks as if dead already. The fact is, that _slowe_ is in the subjunctive mood. It means--'Well wot I that, whilst I lived in peace, I would have given thee hire (i.e. a bribe), ere thou shouldst have slain me.'

P. 498; note to Book IV. 744. _Add_--Cf. Dante, Purg. xxix. 132.

P. 498; note to Book V. 806. _Add_--Line 813 is due to Dares; see p. lxiv, note.

P. 499; note to Book V. 1039; l. 6. _For_ the rest is Chaucer's addition _read_ the statement that she gave it to Diomede is due to Beno[^i]t; see p. lxii. Again, just below, _read_ The incidents of the 'broche' and 'pensel' are also due to the same; see p. lxii.

* * * * *

ERRATA IN VOLUME III.

P. xiii. l. 13. _For_ 1883 _read_ 1888.

P. xxxix. l. 8. The story of Hypsipyle is given at length in the Romance of Jason, as told by Raoul le Fevre in French, about 1409. Perhaps he and Chaucer drew the story from some common French source.

P. 11; l. 339. _Read_ Anoon, as we have yow receyved,

P. 13; l. 399. We learn, from Troilus, i. 654, that Chaucer supposed 'O[:e]none' to have four syllables. This restores the metre. Read:--And Paris to O[:e]none;

P. 16; l. 503. _Read_ 'brighte,' _with a final_ e

P. 31; l. 1023. _For_ House _read_ Hous

P. 38; l. 1279. _For_ uncouthe _read_ uncouth

*P. 44; l. 1454-1456. Prof. Ker suggests to read:--

To make yow to long to dwelle, These, of whiche I ginne rede. Ther saugh I stonden, out of drede, Upon, &c.

Thynne makes l. 1455 begin a new paragraph; and I have followed him; but this is clearly wrong.

P. 62; l. 2098. Insert a comma at the end of the line.

P. 89; l. 284. _For_ Jerome _read_ Ierome

*P. 111; l. 741. _For_ as _read_ nas

P. 116; l. 876. Alter ? to !

P. 132; l. 1391. Alter the full stop to a semicolon.

P. 140; l. 1662. _For_ guerdon _read_ guerdoun

*P. 172; l. 2663. _For_ forlon; _read_ forlorn;

P. 173; l. 2685. _For_ death _read_ deeth

P. 182; line 1. _Insert a comma after_ hole

P. 251; note to l. 359. This pentameter is quoted at the end of Caxton's Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye; where it is the 10th line of a set of verses beginning--'Pergama flere volo, fata Danais data solo.' The editor (O. Sommer) says (p. lxxxvii) that the lines belong to the Ilias of Simon Ch[`e]vre d'Or. He says, further, that they are ascribed by Leyser to Hildebert, Bishop of le Mans in 1097; but this seems to be wrong. The verses quoted by Caxton do not appear in Leyser's collection, and do not agree with the lines there assigned to Hildebert.

P. 261; note to H. F. 859. Compare Cant. Tales, F 726.

P. 266; note to H. F. 1119. 'To climbe hit,' i.e. to climb the rock; still a common idiom.

P. 286; note to H. F. 2111. Compare Cant. Tales, A 2078. Perhaps read 'wanie.'

P. 334; note to L. 1896-8. I have given, at p. xxxix (footnote 2), Bech's reference to Godfrey of Viterbo. The passage runs thus:--

'_De Ioue primo rege Atheniensi._ A Ioue nostrorum uenit gcneratio regum, A Ioue principium recipit descriptio regum, A Ioue _philosophi_ dogmata prima legunt. Rex erat ex rege quondam patre natus Athenis, Indeque quadriuii triuiique scientia uenit; Legis et artis ibi rex ydioma dedit.'

P. 342; note to L. 2290. Cf. 'A lemman two so bright,' i.e. twice as bright; and again, 'Nou am I two so light'; Li Beaus Desconus, ed. Kaluza, 789, 1446.

P. 344; fourth line from bottom. _Insert_ to _before_ the purpose

P. 347; l. 13 from bottom. For _saedu_ read _sadu_

P. 395; last line. See addition at p. 504.

P. 396; l. 24. _After_ Anglia, vii. 117, _add_: and see Appendix to the same, p. 81.

*P. 422; l. 12. _For_ Poincy _read_ Coincy. See further in vol. v. 491.

A translation (by myself) of the poem there mentioned appeared in The Academy, Sept. 15, 1894, p. 195; and a full account of it in the same, Sept. 1, 1894, p. 153.

P. 423. _Add_--See also Dr. Jessopp's article on 'William of Norwich' in The Nineteenth Century, May, 1893.

P. 433; l. 5 from bottom. _For_ because the next tale in the MS. is that _read_ although the next tale in the MS. is not that

P. 437. The line marked 6665 should be marked 5665.

*P. 442; l. 17. _For_ caendo _read_ cercando. This emendation, suggested by Prof. Ker, is clearly right. But 'caendo' is so spelt in the Chaucer Society's copy.

Pp. 502, 503. See note in vol. v. 491.

* * * * *

ERRATA IN VOLUME IV.

P. xiv. Under the descriptions of MSS. 45-48, read:--One of these is mentioned in Todd's Illustrations, p. 127, as being 'now [in 1810] in the collection of John P. Kemble, Esq.' (Omit the rest).

P. xiv. Under the description of MS. 53, add:--later, it belonged to the Duke of Roxburghe, and was bought for the Duke of Devonshire in 1812 (F. Norgate). It is Urry's MS. no. xiv.

P. 14. A 467. Perhaps the final full stop should be a colon.

P. 15. Footnote to A 503. _For_ 'Hl. _alone_' _read_ 'Tyrwhitt.'

P. 19. A 636. _For_ Thanne _read_ Than

P. 37. A 1248. The final stop should be only a colon or a comma.

P. 41. A 1419. The final stop should be a semicolon.

P. 85. A 3016. _For_ eye _read_ y[:e]

*P. 110. A 3822. _For_ celle _read_ selle

P. 131. B 59, 60. _For_ eek _and_ seek _read_ eke _and_ seke

P. 133. B 115. Insert marks of quotation at the beginning and end of the line.

P. 133. B 120, 121. Insert marks of quotation at the beginning of l. 120 and the end of l. 121.

P. 134; headline. _For_ T. 4454 _read_ T. 4554

P. 138. B 295. _For_ moevyng _read_ moeving

P. 146. B 540, 541, 547. _For_ cristen _read_ Cristen

P. 146. B 544. _For_ cristianitee _read_ Cristianitee

P. 151. B 724; and p. 155 (B 858). _For_ Constable _read_ constable

*P. 165. B 1178. _For_ be _read_ he

P. 168. B 1220. _For_ knoweliche _perhaps read_ knowleche (_as in_ Hl. Cp. Ln.)

P. 187. B 1843. The final stop should be a semicolon.

P. 194. B 2043. Delete the stop after 'spicerye'

P. 202. B 2222. _For_ yevynge _read_ yevinge

P. 205. B 2253. _For_ owe _read_ ow

P. 207. B 2303. _For_ se _read_ see

P. 219; footnotes. _For_ 2251 _and_ 2252 _read_ 2551 and 2552

P. 222. B 2624. _For_ Iurisdicctioun _read_ Iurisdiccioun

P. 232; ll. 9, 10. _Delete the quotation-mark after_ certayne, _and insert it after_ another

P. 232. B 2865. _For_ haue _read_ have

*P. 245. B 3230. _For_ my _read_ ny

P. 253. B 3490. _For_ warre _read_ werre

P. 259. B 3670. The final stop should be a comma

P. 271. B 4011. _For_ stope _a better reading is_ stape

*P. 275. B 4167. _For_ Than _read_ That

P. 285. B 4510. _For_ charitee _perhaps read_ Charitee

P. 285. B 4541. _For_ chide _read_ chyde

P. 299. C 291. _Either read_ advocas, _or note that the_ t _in_ advocats _is silent_.

*P. 309. C 601. _For_ opinoun _read_ opinioun

P. 318. C 955. _For_ Thay _read_ They

P. 338; headline. _For_ 6225 _read_ 6235

P. 339; headline. _For_ 6226 _read_ 6236

P. 344. D 846. _For_ But if _read_ But-if

P. 345. D 859. _For_ All _read_ Al

*P. 348. 0955. _For_ which _read_ whiche (_dissyllabic_).

P. 349. D 1009. _For_ Plighte _read_ Plight

P. 354; footnotes, last line. _For_ 1205 _read_ 1204

P. 355. D 1219, 1227. _For_ Chese _and_ chese _read_ Chees _and_ chees

P. 363. D 1436. _For_ But if _read_ But-if

P. 384. D 2152. Delete the quotation-mark.

P. 398. E 290. E. _has_ set, _the present tense; this scans better than_ sette (_as in other_ MSS.).

P. 409. E 656. _For_ Left _read_ Lefte

P. 419. E 994. _For_ gouernance _read_ governance

P. 428. E 1304, 1306. Insert quotation-mark at the end of l. 1304, instead of in l. 1306.

P. 438. E 1635. _For_ Sane _read_ Save

*P. 440. E 1718. _For_ minstraleye _read_ minstralcye

P. 444. E 1866. _Insert_ Auctor _opposite this line_.

P. 449. E 2058. _For_ scorpion _read_ scorpioun

P. 459. E 2416_. For_ bless _read_ blesse

*P. 461. F 20. But after all, it is best to follow E. Cp. Pt. Ln. Hl., but with the form _pictous_ for _pitous_, as in Troil. iii. 1444, v. 451. _Read_--And pi[:e]tous and Iust, alwey y-liche

*P. 462. F 56. _For_ Him _read_ Hem.

P. 468 (F 266); and p. 480 (F 661). _For_ Cambynskan _read_ Cambinskan

P. 474. F 462. _For_ sle _read_ slee

P. 505; footnotes. _For_ 1527 _read_ 1526

P. 520; footnotes; l. 2. Delete _wrongly_

Pp. 523, 525. G 446, 447, 454, 459, 535. _Read_ Cristen, Cristendom _for_ cristen, cristendom

P. 527. G 558, footnote. _The real reading of_ E. _is_--And vndernethe he wered a surplys

P. 531. G 712. _For_ smert _read_ smerte

P. 543. G 1107. _For_ shall _read_ shal

*P. 545. 1171. _For_ torned _read_ terved. [_The reading in_ E. _is really_ terued = terved, i.e. stripped, flayed. _The reading_ torned _is a very poor substitution for it_.]

P. 546. G 1224. Delete the final comma.

*P. 548. G 1274. _For_ torne, _read_ terve,

*P. 560. H 144. _For_ hept _read_ kept

*P. 608; l. 14. _For_ or harm _read_ of harm. [E. _has_ or, _wrongly_; _rest_ of.]

P. 620; ll. 16, 17. _Delete the commas after_ receyven _and_ folk

P. 626; footnotes; last line. _For_ E. Seld. Ln. beauteis; _read_ E. Seld. Ln. beautees;

P. 634. I 955. _For_ Daniel _read_ David. [N. B. MSS. E. Cm. Danyel; _the rest_, Dauid. Probably Chaucer wrote 'Danyel' at first, and afterwards corrected it, by the original, to 'Dauid.' Nevertheless, 'Daniel' is a good reading.]

* * * * *

ERRATA IN VOLUME V.

P. 73; l. 10 from bottom. _Delete the comma after_ Thornton

P. 144; l. 5 from bottom. Delete quotation-mark after _westi_.

P. 252; l. 4. _For_ Bruton's _read_ Burton's

At p. xxviii. of this volume will be found notes on C 60 and G 1171. At pp. 492-4 I give some additional notes on A 30, 179, 387, 467, 655, 1155, 1452, 2749, 3287, B 124, 1983, 3917, C 406, 570, D 110, 325, F 226, 233.

* * * * *

ERRATA IN VOL. VI.

P. 14. ARDAUNT. _For_ B 3. p 12. 10 _read_ B 3. m 12. 10.

P. 24. BEN; l. 3. _For_ Be, _1 pr. s._ am, 3. 588 _read_ Be, _inf._ be, 3. 588.

P. 25. BENDINGE; l. 3. _For_ horizontal _read_ diagonal

P. 54. CONNE; l. 6. For _1 pr. s._ read _1 pr. s. subj._

P. 63. DAMPNE; l. 4. In D 891, Dampned is not _pt. s._ but _pp._

P. 86. ENSELED; l. 1. _For_ T. _v._ 151 _read_ T. v. 151.

P. 92. FAIRE, _adv._, l. 3. _For_ honesty _read_ honestly

P. 103. FORS, l. 13. _For_ D 1254 _read_ D 1234.

P. 108. FUNERAL, l. 2. _Prefix_ A _to_ 2864.

P. 113. GODDESSE, l. 2. In his Observations on Troilus, p. 424, Prof. Kittredge rejects the explanation of _goddes_ in 16. 15 by 'goddess'; and argues that it is merely the pl. of _god_. 'All the seven gods (l. 3) may be regarded as feeling the blasphemy against one of their number; or if this will not do, _this goddes_ may perhaps refer to Cupid and Venus.' Of course _this_ can mean 'these'; but, if the form be plural, I would rather read _the goddes_, as in the rest, than _this goddes_ (or _goddis_), as in MS. F.

P. 127. HIERDESSE, l. 2. Prof. Kittredge, in his Observations on Troilus, p. 424, decisively rejects the interpretation of _hierdes_ in T. iii. 619 as 'female guardian' or 'protectress.' (This is Tyrwhitt's explanation, and it seemed to me plausible.) However, Prof. Kittredge says--'_Hierdes_ = "shepherds" or "herdsmen" (_bestes_ in the next verse carries out the figure); the _influences of the stars_ are apostrophized as well as _Fortune_, whence the plural, which may refer either (_a_) to _Fortune_ and _influences_, or (_b_) to _influences_ alone. The latter interpretation is perhaps better.'

P. 168 (last word on the page). _For_ Monthes, _read_ Monthe,

P. 170. MOST, _adv._ Add--Moste, _adv._ E 1714, F 1622.

P. 173. NEDDRE, l. 2. For _pt._ read _pl._

P. 189. PENCEL (2). Add the reference--T. v. 1043.

P. 195. PLOUNGEN, l. 2. _For_ B 2. p 2. 29 _read_ B 3. p 2. 29.

P. 284. WALET. _Prefix_ A _to_ 686 _and_ 681.

P. 288. WERCHE, l. 3. _For_ Wroghest _read_ Wroghtest

P. 300. WRIGHTE, _v._ _Read_ WRIGHTE, _s._

* * * * *

GENERAL INDEX.

This Index is a general guide to the chief contents of the six volumes. For the authors whom Chaucer most consulted, see also the Index at p. 381.

A. B. C., text of, i. 261; discussion of, i. 58; French original of, i. 59, 261; Notes to, i. 452. Accentuation, vi. xcii; effect of accent, vi. lxvii. Acknowledgments of obligations, vi. xviii. Adam Scrivener; _see_ Wordes. Addenda; (containing a note on Rom. Rose, 923; Book of the Duchesse, 1318; Sources of the Prioresses Tale; additional Notes on the Canterbury Tales), v. 490; other Addenda, ii. 506, iii. lxxx, v. xxviii, vi. 400. Against Women Unconstaunt, i. 409; discussion of, i. 88, v. xv; Notes to, i. 565; French original of, printed, vi. lix. Albertano of Brescia, iii. 426-7, 458-9, 501. Alchemy, discussed, iii. 493. Alliteration, vi. xcvii. Alphonsus of Lincoln, story of, iii. 421. An Amorous Complaint, i. 411; discussion of, i. 89; Notes to, i. 566. Anelida and Arcite, i. 365; discussion of, i. 76; Notes to, i. 529. Assonances, i. 5; vi. lvi. Astrolabe, a Treatise on the, iii. 175; Critical Notes to, iii. 233; Notes to, iii. 352; remarks on, vi. xvi; manuscripts of, iii. lvii; sources of, iii. lxix; editions of, iii. lxxi; description of the Astrolabe, iii. lxxiv; uses of the same, iii. lxxv; stars marked upon the same, iii. lxxvii; astrological notes, iii. lxxvii; description of the Plates, iii. lxxix; Plates, iii. lxxxi; some Errata and Addenda, iii. lxxx.

Balade of Compleint, i. 415; discussion of, i. 90; v. xvi; Notes to, i. 568. Balades, vi. lxii; _and see_ Against Women Unconstaunt, Compleint to his Purse, Compleint of Venus, Fortune, Gentilesse, Lack of Steadfastness, Rosemounde, Truth, Womanly Noblesse; _also_ Legend of Good Women, l. 249 (iii. 83). Bech, M., iii. xli. Beno[^i]t de Sainte-More, ii. lxi. Beryn, Tale of, iv. 384. Boccaccio, G., his Teseide, i. 67; ii. l; iv. 391; his Filostrato, ii. xlix; De Claris Mulieribus, iii. xxvii; De Genealogia Deorum, iii. xl; De Casibus Virorum, iii. 427; Il Filostrato compared with Chaucer's Troilus (book i), ii. 461; (book ii), ii. 467; (book iii), ii. 474; (book iv), ii. 484; (book v), ii. 494. Boethius; Chaucer's translation of his Consolation of Philosophy, ii. 1; discussion of, ii. vii; Notes to, ii. 419; other translations, ii. xiv; date of, ii. xix; mistranslations in, ii. xxiv; compared with other works, ii. xxviii; manuscripts of, ii. xxxvii; editions of, ii. xliv; the present edition of, ii. xlvi. Book of the Duchesse, i. 277; discussion of, i. 63; Notes to, i. 462; note to l. 1318, v. 490. Bradshaw, H., i. 1, 5; vi. xx. Buddhist original of the Pardoneres Tale, iii. 443.

Caesura, or medial Pause, vi. lxxxvi-xcii, xcvi. Cambinskan, meaning of, iii. 471. Canon of Chaucer's Works, discussed, i. 20; v. ix; vi. xii; Lounsbury on the same, v. xv. Canon's Yeoman's Tale, iv. 527; Notes to, v. 414; discussion of, iii. 492. Canterbury Tales, text of, iv. 1; introduction to, iv. vii; v. xvii; manuscripts of, iv. vii; editions of, iv. xv; the present edition, iv. xvii; numbering of the lines, iv. xxi; types of MSS., iv. xxiv; errata, iv. xxiv; Text of, discussed, v. xvii; the Harleian MS., v. xix (cf. iv. viii); the Ellesmere MS., v. xx (cf. iv. xiii); Stowe's edition, v. xxi; spelling of, v. xxv; Groups of the, discussed, iii. 371; date of, iii. 372; Prologue to, discussed, iii. 388; remarks on, vi. xvi; Sources of the, discussed, iii. 370; Notes to, v. 1. Caxton, testimony of, i. 27; editions of Chaucer's works, i. 28; edition of Ch. Boethius, ii. xliv; edition of Troilus, ii. lxxiv. Cecilia, Life of, iii. 486-492. Chaucer, the name of, i. ix; v. 490; Robert le ----, i. x; Richard le ----, i. xi; John ----, i. xlii, xiv; Philippa ----, i. xx; Thomas ----, i. xlviii; Personal allusions in Chaucer's works, i. liii; Allusions to, i. lvi; List of his works, i. lxii; Life of, i. ix; his authorities, vi. xcviii. Child, Prof. F. J., vi. xxi. Ciento Novelle Antike, quoted, iii. 439. Clerk's Tale, iv. 389; Notes to, v. 342; Source of, iii. 453. Clouston, W. A., iii. 443, 447, 461, 478-9, 481-5, 501. Coincy, Gautier de, iii. 422 (_misprinted_ Poincy); v. 491. Complaint to my Lode-sterre (Lode-star), iv. xxix; Notes to, iv. xxxi; discussed, v. xvi. Complaint to my Mortal Foe, iv. xxvii; Notes to, iv. xxxi; discussed, v. xvi. Compleint Damours; _see_ An Amorous Complaint. Compleint of Mars, i. 323; discussion of, i. 64; Notes to, i. 495. Compleint of Venus, i. 400; discussion of, i. 86; French original of, i. 400; Notes to, i. 559. Compleint to his Lady, i. 360; discussion of, i. 75; Notes to, i. 526. Compleint to his Purse, i, 405; discussion of, i. 87; Notes to, i. 562. Compleynte unto Pit[`e], i. 272; discussion of, i. 61; Notes to, i. 457. Contraction, vi. xcv. Cook's Tale, iv. 126; Notes to, v. 128; discussed, iii. 399. Corson, Prof. H., iii. liii. Couplet; _see_ Heroic. Criticism, aesthetic, vi. xxiii.

Dante's influence on the House of Fame, iii. vii. Dares, cited by Guido, iii. lx. Deschamps, Eustache, alludes to Chaucer, i. lvi. Dialect of Chaucer, vi. xxiii. Doctor's Tale; _see_ Physician's Tale.

E, long, pronunciation of, vi. xxxv. Editions of Chaucer, i. 27. Eilers, Dr., iii. 503. Elision, vi. xciii. Ellis, Dr. A. J., vi. xxi. Encyclopaedia Britannica, quoted, iii. 496-7. Envoys, vi. lix, lxii. Errata, General List of, vi. 400; some Errata in vol. i., i. lxiv; some in vol. ii, ii. lxxix; some in vol. iii., iii. xv, lxxx; some in vol. iv., iv. xxiv, v. xxvii; some in vol. v., v. xxviii; some in vol. vi., vi. 400.

Falcon, story of the, iii. 477-9. Former Age, The, i. 380; discussion of, i. 78; Notes to, i. 539. Fortune, i. 383; discussion of, i. 79; Notes to, i. 542. Francis, H. T., iii. 443. Franklin's Tale, iv. 480, 483; Notes to, v. 387; Eastern source of, iii. 480. Friar's Tale, iv. 357; Notes to, v. 322; source of, iii. 450. Furnivall, Dr., i. 66; ii. xxxvii; iv. vii; vi. xviii; &c.

Gamelyn, Tale of, iv. 645; Notes to, v. 477; discussion of, iii. 399. Gentilesse, i. 392; discussion of, i. 82; Notes to, i. 553. Glossarial Index, vi. 1; cf. vi. x. Glossary to Gamelyn, vi. 347. Glossary to the Romaunt of the Rose (Fragments B and C), vi. 311. Gorra, Egidio, sulla Legenda Trojana, ii. lxii. Gower's story of Constance, iii. 413. Grammatical Outlines, vi. lxiii. Granson, Sir Otes de, i. 86; Chaucer's Compleint of Venus compared with three of Granson's Balades, i. 400. Griselda, Story of, iii. 454. Guido delle Colonne, his influence on 'Troilus,' ii. liii, lvi.

Hales, Prof. John W., iii. 457; vi. xxi. Heroic Couplet, iii. xliv, 383; vi. lxii. Hoccleve's allusions to Chaucer, i. lviii. Horace quoted in Troilus, ii. lii. House of Fame, iii. 1; Notes to, iii. 243; date of, iii. xi; metre of, iii. xi; imitations of, iii. xii; emendations, iii. xiii; vi. 405.

Index, Glossarial, to Chaucer's Works, vi. 1; Addenda to, vi. 310; to Fragments B and C of the Romaunt, vi. 311; to the Tale of Gamelyn, vi. 347. Index of Authors quoted or referred to, vi. 381; (A) quotations from the Bible, vi. 381; (B) from other sources, vi. 384. Index of Books referred to in the Notes, vi. 390. Index of Proper Names, vi. 359. Index to the subjects and words explained in the Notes, v. 495. Innocent III., De Contemptu Mundi, quoted, iii. 407, 444; cf. 447. Introduction, General, vi. ix; (brief), i. vii.

Jakes de Basiu, iii. 452.

Kaluza, Dr. M., i. 2, 9, 15; vi. xi. Kentish forms, vi. xxiii-v. Khan, the Great, iii. 471-4. Kittredge, Prof. G. L., iii. 479; vi. xi, xv, xxii. Knightes Tale, iv. 26; Notes to, v. 60; sources of, iii. 389. Koch, Dr. J., i. 64; iii. xv; vi. xix, xx. K[:o]lbing, Dr. E., iii. 389 (note), 424-6, 485-90. K[:o]ppell, Dr. E., ii. lxv, lxxx; iii. 407, 444, 447, 458-9, 485 (note), 501, 504; vi. xxi.

Lack of Steadfastness, i. 394; discussion of, i. 84; Notes to, i. 555. Lange, Dr. M., i. 64; vi. xix. Legend of Good Women, iii. 65; Notes to, iii. 288; date of, iii. xvi; two forms of the Prologue, iii. xxi; sources of, iii. xxxiv; metre of, iii. xliii; 'clipped' lines in, iii. xliv; manuscripts of, iii. xlvii; editions, iii. li; note to l. 1896, ii. lvi. Lenvoy a Bukton, i. 398; discussion of, i. 85; Notes to, i. 558. Lenvoy a Scogan, i. 396; discussion of, i. 85; Notes to, i. 556. Libro di Novelle, quoted, iii. 440. Life of Chaucer, i. ix. Lincoln, Hugh of, iii. 421; Alphonsus of, ibid. Lindner, Dr. E., i. 2, 7; iii. 403. Lollius, ii. liii, 464, 503; iii. 277. Lorens, Fr[`e]re, Somme des Vices, iii. 502. Lounsbury, Prof., iii. 396, 407-8, 453; vi. xix; his attacks on Chaucer's rhymes considered, vi. 1; his attacks on Gower considered, vi. li, lvii. L[:u]cke, E., iii. 413-7. Lydgate's allusions to Chaucer, i. lx; his list of Chaucer's Works, i. 22; allusions to the Knight's Tale, iii. 387; Siege of Troye, ii. lv, lxvi.

Madasen[=a], story of, quoted, iii. 481-3. Magic Horse, iii. 464-5, 475; Magic Mirror, iii. 464, 466-7; Magic Ring, iii. 469, 476. Man of Law's Tale, iv. 130; Notes to, v. 132; source of, iii. 409; sources of the Prologue to, iii. 407. Manciple's Tale, iv. 555; Notes to, v. 435; source of, iii. 500. Manly, J. M., vi. xxii, lxv. Manuscript testimony to the genuineness of Chaucer's Works, i. 25. Manuscripts; see vi. 399 for the complete list of references. Marco Polo's Travels, iii. 463; quoted, 471-4. Marie de France, iii. 431-3. Melibeus, Tale of, iv. 197; Notes to, v. 201; discussion of, iii. 426. Merchant's Tale, iv. 426; Notes to, v. 353; source of, iii. 458. Merciless Beauty, i. 387; discussion of, i. 80; vi. xiii; Notes to, i. 548. Metres, i. lxii; vi. lviii; Metre of the House of Fame, iii. xi; Metre of the Legend, iii. xliii; 'Clipped' lines, iii. xlv. Miller's Tale, iv. 89; Notes to, v. 95; source of, iii. 395; cf. iii. 504. Minor Poems, discussed, i. 20; vi. xii; text of, i. 261; Notes to, i. 452. Monk's Tale, iv. 241; Notes to, v. 224; discussion of, iii. 427. Morlinus, Novellae of, quoted, iii. 442. Morris, Dr. R., i. 46; ii. xlii, lxxvi; iii. liii, 443; iv. i, xvi; v. xix, xxvi, 1; vi. xxii; his edition of Chaucer, i. 46.

Nun's Priest's Tale, iv. 269; Notes to, v. 247; discussion of, iii. 431.

O, long, pronunciation of, vi. xxxi. Ovid's influence on the House of Fame, iii. ix.

Pardoner's Tale, iv. 301; Notes to, v. 269; sources of, iii. 438, 439. Parlement of Foules, i. 335; discussion of, i. 66; Italian original of part of, i. 68; Notes to, i. 505. Parson's Tale, iv. 567; Notes to, v. 444; source of, iii. 502. Phonetics, study of, vi. xxi. Physician's Tale, iv. 290; Notes to, v. 260; sources of, iii. 435. Piaget, Dr., vi. xix. Prioress's Tale, iv. 180; Notes to, v. 173; sources of, iii. 421; v. 491. Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, iv. 1; Notes to, v. 1; discussed, iii. 388. Pronunciation, vi. xxv. 'Proverbs,' i. 407; discussion of, i. 88; Notes to, i. 564. Proverbs, list of, ii. lxxviii; v. 508.

Rambeau, A., iii. vii; vi. xx. Reeve's Tale, iv. 112; Notes to, v. 112; sources of, iii. 396. Rime, peculiarities of, vi. xlvii; Rimes involving long and short _o_, vi. xxxi; Rimes involving long _e_, vi. xxxv; Rimes involving repetitions, vi. xlix; Rimes that have been misunderstood, vi. l; Rimes in _-y_ and _-y-e_, i. 5, 6, 8; vi. lvii. Romaunt of the Rose, i. 93; Fragment B, i. 164; Fragment C, i. 229; discussed, i. 1; vi. xi; French text of, i. 16; part of the French text printed, i. 93; Notes to, i. 417; note to l. 923, v. 490. Rosemounde, Balade to, i. 389; discussion of, i. 81; Notes to, i. 549. Rossetti, W. M., ii. xlix, 461. Roundels, i. 80, 524; vi. lxi. Rules for reading Chaucer, v. xxiii; vi. lxiii.

Scansion of English verse, vi. lxxxii. Second Nun's Tale, iv. 509; Notes to, v. 401; sources of, iii. 485. Shipman's Tale, iv. 165; Notes to, v. 165; discussed, iii. 420; Prologue to, discussed, iii. 417. Shirley, John, testimony of, i. 25. Simon, H., iii. 504. Sir Thopas, iv. 189; Notes to, v. 182; discussion of, iii. 423. Speght's editions of Chaucer, i. 43. Squire's Tale, iv. 461; Notes to, v. 370; source of, iii. 463. Stanzas of eight lines, vi. lix; of seven lines, vi. lix; of ten lines, vi. lx; of nine lines, vi. lxi; others, vi. lxi. Stedfastnesse; _see_ Lack. Stewart, H. F., ii. x. Stowe's edition examined, i. 31. Sumnour's Tale, iv. 370; Notes to, v. 330; source of, iii. 452. Sundby, Thor, iii. 426, 501. Sweet, Dr. H., vi. xxi, xxvi (note), xxix, xxxii. Syllables suppressed, vi. xciv.

Tawney, Prof. C. H., iii. 443; quoted, 481-3. Ten Brink, Prof. B., i. 62; iii. 412; vi. xxi, xxxviii, xlvii, lxiii, &c. Terns, i. 495, 503; vi. lxii. Terza Rima, i. 76; vi. lx. Theatrum Chemicum, by Ashmole, iii. 493; another work so named, iii. 498-9. Thomson, Dr., History of Chemistry, quoted, iii. 500. Thopas; _see_ Sir. Thynne, W., his edition of Chaucer, ii. 28, 29; of Boethius, ii. xlvi; of Troilus, ii. lxxvi; of the Romaunt, i. 11; cf. vi. xviii. Trivet, N., iii. 409. Troilus and Criseyde, ii. 153; discussion of, ii. xlix; sources of, ii. xlix; compared with Le Roman de la Rose, ii. lxv; compared with the Geste Historiale, ii. lxv; compared with Lydgate's Siege of Troy, ii. lxvi; manuscripts of, ii. lxvii; notes on, in MS. Harl. 2392, ii. lxxii; editions of, ii. lxxv; the present edition, ii. lxxvi; Proverbs in, ii. lxxviii. Trophee, the name discussed, ii. liv; cf. v. 233. Truth, i. 390; discussion of, i. 82; Notes to, i. 550. Tyrwhitt, T., iii. 391-5, 409, 422-4, 446-7, 450, 460, 462-3, 485, 493; iv. viii-x, xv; v. x, xviii; vi. xv, xxi, 1, &c.

Valerii Epistola ad Rufinum, iii. 447. Verse, forms of, vi. lviii; Verses of four accents, vi. lviii, xcvii. Versification, vi. lxxxii.

Warton, T., quoted, iii. 450, 464-70. Whewell, W., History of the Inductive Sciences, quoted, iii. 495-6. Wife of Bath's Prologue, iv. 320; Notes to, v. 291; sources of, iii. 445. Wife of Bath's Tale, iv. 345; Notes to, v. 313; source of, iii. 447. Willert, Dr. H., iii. xiii; vi. xx. William of Norwich, iii. 423. Womanly Noblesse, a Balade by Chaucer, iv. xxv; Notes to, iv. xxxi; discussed, v. xvi. Words between the Sumnour and the Friar, iv. 344. Words of the Host, iv. 299; Notes to, v. 264; discussed, iii. 437. Wordes unto Adam, i. 379; discussion of, i. 78; Notes to, i. 538. Works of Chaucer, list of, i. lxii. Wretched Engendring of Mankind, a lost poem by Chaucer, iii. 407. Wright, T., iii. 409, 411, 446, 450-1, 460; iv. viii, xvi, xxi, 1, &c.; v. xix; vi. xxi.

Zupitza, Dr. J., vi. xxi.

END OF VOL. VI.

* * * * *

NOTES.

[1] There can be no harm in stating the simple fact, that a long and intimate acquaintance, extending over many years, with the habits and methods of the scribes of the fourteenth century, has made me almost as familiar with the usual spelling of that period as I am with that of modern English.

It is little more trouble to me to write a passage of Chaucer from dictation than one from Tennyson. It takes me just a little longer, and that is all. In Fragments B and C of the Romaunt, many fifteenth-century spellings have been retained.

[2] See my paper on this subject, printed for the Chaucer Society. Prof. Herford has drawn attention to an unlucky misprint in vol. i. p. 80, where I speak of the pp. of the verb _to see_ as _y-seen_. Of course I meant _y-seyn_; see the Glossarial Index. He further remarked, quite correctly, that Chaucer never employs the form _seen_ or _y-seen_, nor ever rimes it with words in _-een_. Yet this very form, unknown to Chaucer, occurs thrice in Fragment B, viz. in ll. 3066, 4461, 5571; and in each case it rimes with _been_. This is a strong hint to those who can appreciate it. A highly characteristic word in Fragment B is _dool_, in the sense of 'grief'; so also is _grete_, to weep. But I have no space here to continue the argument. The form _sloo_, to slay, and other peculiarities suggest that the original dialect of Fragment B was not pure Northumbrian, but Lincolnshire or North East Midland.

[3] For example, l. 4690 of the Romaunt is called l. 4693 in Morris's edition; whilst Book IV of Troilus begins, in the same edition, in the wrong place.

[4] This is the real reason why it was necessary to retain the unauthorised order of the Groups introduced by Dr. Furnivall (see vol. iii. p. 434). To initiate yet another mode of reference would have caused much inconvenience.

[5] The following are some of the more remarkable blunders in the old text. 196. _myscoueiting_. 274. _wo_ omitted; no sense. 379. _er_ omitted; no sense. 442. _ay_ (for _shal_). 444. _grace_ (!); for _face_. 567. Two syllables short. 773. _hem_ omitted. 1007. _And_ for _As was_; no sense. 1018. _wyntred_; no such word. 1058. _prile_ for _prikke_; there is no such word. 1089. _durst_; for _thurte_. 1187. _sarlynysh_ (!). 1201. _gousfaucoun_ (!). 1281. _And she_ (!); for _Youthe_; corrected by Ten Brink. 1313. _loreyes_; no such word. 1334. Mere nonsense. 1369. _Parys_ (!); for _paradise_. 1399. _it_ omitted. 1447. _garden_ (!); for _yerde in_. 1453. _goodmesse_ (!); for _good mes_ (see 3462). 1591. _entrees_ (!); for _estres_. 1608. _laughyng_ (!); for _loving_. 2285. _Farce_; for _Fard_. 2294. _knowith_ (!); for _lauhwith_ or _laughith_. 2301. _pleyneth_; for _pleyeth_. 2236. _londes_ (!); for _Loues_. 2650. _whider_ (!); for _weder_. 3337. _cherisaunce_; for _chevisaunce_. 3693-8. _Though_ for _Thought_; _rennyng_ for _rewing_; _come_ for _to me_; the merest nonsense. 4322. _wente aboute_ (!); for _wende ha bought_; (corrected by Kaluza). 4358. _in_ omitted; no sense. 4366. _charge_; for _change_. 4372. MS. _yone wole_; Th. _you wol_; for _yon wal_. 4478. Imperfect. Many more errors, of less consequence, might be added to the list.

[6] Roundel 1 has _sustene_, _kene_, _grene_, _quene_, _sene_. In _sust[=e]ne_, the long _e_ is close (Ten Brink, Chaucers Sprache, p. 48); the A.S. words are _c[=e]ne_, _gr[=e]ne_, _cw[=e]n(e)_, _ges[=e]ne_, all with close e. Roundel 2 has _l[=e]ne_, _b[=e]ne_, _m[=e]ne_, _cl[=e]ne_, all with A.S. _[=ae]_ or _[=e]a_. Also _m[=e]ne_, of French origin, with open _[=e]_; Ten Brink, p. 49.

[7] There is no such word as _mena_. Critics seem to think that _In mena_ means 'in the middle'; but nothing can be more absurd than to decline a French adjective like a Latin one.

[8] The 'slips' on which the glossaries to these works were written were preserved, and have all been incorporated into the Glossarial Index in the present volume.

[9] Treatise on the Astrolabe; Prologue, l. 43 (vol. iii. p. 176).

[10] I have been courteously provided with proof-sheets from time to time; but my text of Troilus had already been prepared before I was able to make any real use of them.

[11] Chiefly prepared by Miss Gunning and Miss Wilkinson; with liberal additions by Mr. J. H. Hessels, who assisted me in the revision.

[12] The Glossaries to William of Palerne and Havelok were originally prepared by Sir F. Madden, and very well done. We also owe to the same editor a full and satisfactory glossary to Layamon.

[13] In A. 4172, _thair_ occurs, in avowed imitation of the Northern dialect; yet in the line above we find _hem_ instead of _them_.

[14] For references, see the Glossary.

[15] We even find the double form _knittinge_, _knettinge_ in Boethius, where there are no rimes to influence the word-form.

[16] Cf. _dint of thonder_, HF. 534; but, as _dint_ is not a riming word, it may be put for _dent_.

[17] Hence, in D 51, we should read _senne_ (the Kentish form), to rime with _brenne_.

[18] Here the standard English _thrust_ is really Southern. We also find _thraste_, C 260; but this is from A.S. _thr[=ae]stan_.

[19] I also frequently employ ([`e][`e]) for open long _e_; and (['e]['e]) for close long _e_, especially in the Glossary. It is also often usual to employ [e,] for the open _e_, and [o,] for the open _o_. Thus (ae) = ([`e][`e]) = ([e,][e,]); and (ee) = (['e]['e]).

[20] It is well known that the mod. E. _delight_ is falsely spelt. The M.E. is _delyt_ (O.F. _delit_). It rimes with _parfyt_, _appetyt_, _whyt_ (see Glossary); never with _right_ or _bright_.

[21] When the Anglo-French scribes discarded the A.S. symbol _ae_, they had no certain symbol for the sound (ae) left. Hence, probably, the occasional use of the form _thet_, to denote the A.S. _thaet_.

[22] Dr. Sweet gives the sound (ai), as in G. m_ei_n. But he adds: 'The distinction between _ai_ and _ei_, as in _day_ and _wey_, was probably still kept up in Chaucer's pronunciation, but the two diphthongs were beginning to be confused, probably through the _a_ of _ai_ being modified nearly to the sound of our vowel in _man_.' However, the rimes prove that Chaucer never distinguishes between them at all; and I believe these diphthongs had been confused much earlier. The Anglo-French scribes could have known but little difference; since _ai_ had already become F. open _e_ in the later text of the Chanson de Roland. Again, Norse only exhibits _ei_, not _ai_, so that our _raise_ was M.E. _reise_, also written _raise_ (Icel. _reisa_). Very significant is Chaucer's rime of _eyse_ with _reyse_, D 2101. Nearly everywhere else, the mod. E. 'ease' is spelt _ese_, _eese_; and the pronunciation was unquestionably ([`e][`e].z[*e]) = (ae.z[*e]), as it rimes with _please_ and _appease_, words in which even the mod. E. spelling with _ea_ shews that the long _e_ was once open. It follows that _reyse_ was (rei.z[*e]) or even (r[`e][`e].z[*e]); certainly not (rai.z[*e]). So again, I should say that the statement that the _a_ of _ai_ was 'modified nearly to the sound of our vowel in _man_' might have been much more strongly asserted. In such a word as _day_, from A.S. _daeg_, the _a_ was already (ae) at the first, and needed no modification at all. It was already spelt _dei_ before A.D. 1200; see Specimens of O. English, ed. Morris, Pt. i. p. 20, l. 79.

[23] In _sonne_, the _n_ is double; but not in _sone_.

[24] I use italic _y_ for the consonantal sound of _y_ in _ye_; because I use (y) for the vowel _u_ in _Iuge_ (jy.g[*e]).

[25] I do not _here_ distinguish between primary and secondary accents. For this distinction, see below (s. 98).

[26] Mod. E. _to soar_, O.F. _essorer_, Low Lat. _*exaurare_; so that the long open _o_ is due to Lat. _au_.

[27] _Store_ has the _o_ from Lat. _au_; cf. _instaurare_. And _radevore_ is from F. _ras de Vaur_, with _o_ from _au_; correctly.

[28] I omit _dore_, door, riming with _underspore_; perhaps the _o_ was here (u); cf. A.S. _duru_.

[29] Similarly, in Fragment A of the Romaunt, we find _r['o]te_ riming with _sw['o]te_, 1025, 1661; and, on the other hand, _thr[`o]tes_ riming with _harl[`o]tes_, _n[`o]tes_, 191, 507. By way of a glaring contrast, note the rime _abood_ (ab[`o][`o]d) with _wood_ (w['o]['o]d) in Fragment B of the Romaunt, l. 3159.

[30] Theoretical forms are denoted, in philology, by a prefixed asterisk.

[31] An apparent exception occurs in A.S. _c[=e]ace_, Anglian _c[=e]ce_, M.E. _ch[=e]ke_, mod. E. _cheek_; with unstable _[=e]_. Its _[=e]a_ is unusual, and due to the preceding c. The Du. form _kaak_ shews that its vowel really answers to Germanic _[=ae]_, Goth. _[=e]_.

[32] As already noted above; p. xxiv.

[33] _Sp[=e]re_, with close long _e_, means 'sphere.' It makes all the difference to the sense as well as to the rime.

[34] Whatever test be applied to Fragment B of the Romaunt, the result is always the same, viz. always against its genuineness. Thus it has the rime _cl[`e]ne_, _gr['e]ne_, 2127; and actually _s['e]['e]n_, _cl[`e][`e]n_(!), 2921; _cl[`e]n-e_ being always dissyllabic in Chaucer.

[35] _Nede_ once occurs as _need_, riming with _h[`e][`e]d_, head, B. Duch. 1253.

[36] For clear examples of a contrary practice, cf. the rimes _gr['e]ne_, _cl[`e]ne_, Compl. of the Blk. Knight, 125; Flower and the Leaf, 289; Rom. Rose (B), 2127; _w['e]ne_, _l[`e]ne_, Rom. Rose, 2683.

[37] _There_ once rimes with _dere_, adj., Legend, 1870. See note 39 below.

[38] _Were_ twice rimes with _dere_, adj., B. Duch. 773, Clk. Ta., E 882. See note 39 below.

[39] _Dere_ usually has close _e_ (A.S. _d[=e]ore_); but it also rimes with _there_, _were_; see notes 37, 38 above, and cf. A.S. _d[=y]re_.

[40] Or we may read _Mercuri'_, _mury'_, _mari'd_, _tari'd_, _beri'd_, _to-scater'd_, _contr['a]ry'_, and so on.

[41] MSS. E. Hn. Ln. have _Dauit_, but it is a childish alteration; of course _David_ is meant. Hl. Cp. Pt. have _Dauid_.

[42] Better written _ones_ only three lines below; nothing is gained by making words rime _to the eye_.

[43] The frequent use of _o_ for short _u_ (cf. A.S. _duru_) by Anglo-French scribes is a source of some trouble to the student.

[44] See vol. i. p. 93, French text, ll. 1-4; p. 94, ll. 19, 33; p. 95, l. 44; &c.

[45] I only cite the pages; all in vol. ii.

[46] All of the alleged exceptions are easily explained by remembering that Gower habitually used Kentish forms. Thus the Kentish for _minde_ is _mende_; it therefore rimes with _ende_, _wende_. The Kentish for _pit_ is _pet_ (still in use), which rimes with _let_, _set_. The Kentish for _hilles_ is _helles_, which rimes with _elles_. _Hid_ is Kent. _hed_, riming with _fled_. _Sin_ is Kent. _senne_, riming with _kenne_. _Lesseth_ (Gow. iii. 12) should be _lisseth_, gives relief; cf. iii. 82, l. 19. It does not appear that Gower is wrong in a single instance.

[47] Correctly printed _hedde_ in Chalmers' British Poets, ii. 67. Pauli's edition is a sad snare.

[48] When writing in French, Gower rimes _loisir_ with _obeir_; in Balade XXXIV (quoted by Warton).

[49] For _is wente_ read _his wente_, i.e. his path. This is all that is needed to restore the sense. _Wente_ is a sb., not a pp.

[50] It occurs in no MS. but F.; and the writing in F. (in this passage) is quite late, and of no authority.

[51] Quite 180, in my opinion, if not more; about 4 in every 100 lines. Surely a large percentage.

[52] Chatterton added _two_ lines to Chaucer's stanza, one of the usual length, and the second an Alexandrine. This ten-line stanza occurs in his Battle of Hastings.

[53] Every student of Old French poetry of the fourteenth century must be aware that none of Machault's Balades (in Tarb['e]'s edition) have envoys; and that a large number were written, without envoys, by Froissart, Eustache Deschamps, and Christine de Pisan. Besides, Chaucer introduces a Balade into his Legend of Good Women, which could not have had an Envoy, from the nature of the case; there was no one to address it to.

[54]

'Why will ye suffre than that I thus spille, And for no maner gilt but my good wille?' vol. i. p. 364.

[55]

'For I am set on yow in swich manere That, thogh ye never wil upon me rewe,' &c.; vol i. p. 363.

[56]

'So desespaired I am from alle blisse'; vol. i. p. 360.

[57] And yet again, but with repeated rimes, in his Womanly Noblesse; see vol. iv. p. xxv.

[58] The word _virelai_ was taken to mean a lay with a veer or turn in it, owing to a false etymology. The original word was, however, _vireli_, and the true formula for it was very different. See P. Toynbee, Spec. of Old French, pp. lix. 301. Cf. Ballades, Rondeaus, &c., edited by Gleeson White, London, 1887; p. lxxvi.

[59] The references are, generally, to the Canterbury Tales; A 50 = Group A l. 50.

[60] The forms within parenthesis express the pronunciation, according to the symbols explained above. Cf. Ten Brink, _Chaucers Sprache_, s. 256.

[61] The Glossary has purposely been made very full in order to save references here and elsewhere. Thus _ende_ occurs, finally, in A 15; in the middle of B 481; also in A 197, where the final vowel is slight, but should just be sounded.

[62] Sometimes written _-is_.

[63] But never _peyn_ for _peyne_, as in Rom. Rose, 2912, 3184, 3574, 3772, 4323, 4444, 4930; Flower and Leaf, 62.

[64] The prefix _y-_ is not counted as a syllable in this case; _y-shette_ is the same as _shette_.

[65] The Ellesmere MS. has _hise_ as the plural form; but it is monosyllabic.

[66] In speaking to one person, _thou_ and _ye_ are frequently confounded. Hence in the imperative, the singular and plural forms are frequently confounded also.

[67] See the long list of 183 strong verbs, with an alphabetical index, in Morris's Specimens of English, Part I; Introduction, p. lxix.

[68] But _amb_, _and_, _ang_ become _omb_, _ond_, _ong_; hence _clomb_, &c.

[69] Note the infin. _answer-y_, short for _answer-i-en_.

[70] The Glossary (s.v. Ben) gives 'Be, _1 pr. s._ am, 3. 588.' This is an oversight; _be_ is here the infinitive = 'to be.'

[71] 'The air that is supplied for the production of the voice-vibrations is capable of being used only in volumes or jets; or, if we attend to the force used in producing them, in _pressures_.... The _law of monopressures_, as it may be termed, is a law that operates, and must operate, in the process of articulation. Speech is possible only in monopressures.... One inhalation may suffice for several monopressures. One full breath may suffice, for one who is an expert in husbanding the vocal current, for 30, 60, or even 80 monopressures. Each of these, however, is a vocalised jet of air, condensed and made vocal by a separate effort of the will, just as each note, in a tune rapidly played on the pianoforte, is produced by a special touch, however slight.'--From Accent and Rhythm, explained by the law of Monopressures. Part I. Edinburgh, 1888; an anonymous work, which deserves to be better known.

[72] These symbols are somewhat varied from those employed by the author of 'Accent and Rhythm,' whom I have quoted in the last note (p. lxxxiv.). I owe to him the idea of using them.

[73] See, on this subject, the essay by M. Freudenberger, Ueber das Fehlen des Auftakts in Chaucers heroischem Verse; Erlangen and Leipzig, 1889. I may claim to have been the first to notice this peculiarity, viz. in the Aldine edition of Chaucer, by Dr. Morris, 1866; i. 174.

[74] On the other hand, Lydgate did not shrink from these unmelodious forms. We find form 13 in: 'Up he roos | maugre all' his foon'; Storie of Thebes, 1149; in Spec. of Engl. pt. III. ed. Skeat.

[75] More strictly, as marked in the Ellesmere MS., the caesura really falls earlier, so that 'Ginglen' stands alone; see below, s. 107.

[76] Ten Brink quotes many instances of elision, where there is no need for it; thus the _-e_ in _wonne_ (A 59) comes at the caesura, and should be kept.

[77] The _e_ is very light; cf. mod. E. _so stately_.

[78] Cf. _J'r['u]sal[`e]m_, A 463, D 495. Not _J['e]rwsal[`e]m_, with _w_ as a consonant, as Ten Brink suggests; such a pronunciation is practically impossible.

[79] The _e_ in _p['a]rishe_ is suppressed, by the position of the accent on the _a_ (s. 111); it is not really elided.

[80] It is worth while to place the two stanzas in juxta-position. I accordingly quote them here.

Lady! thy bountee, thy magnificence, Thy vertu, and thy grete humilitee Ther may no tonge expresse in no science; For som-tyme, lady, er men praye to thee, Thou goost biforn of thy benignitee, And getest us the light, thurgh thy preyere, To gyden us un-to thy sone so dere. (B. 1664.)

Assembled is in thee magnificence With mercy, goodnesse, and with swich pitee That thou, that art the sonne of excellence, Nat only helpest hem that preyen thee, But ofte tyme, of thy benignitee, Ful frely, er that men thyn help biseche, Thou goost biforn, and art hir lyves leche. (G. 50.)

[81] Seneca is often quoted as the author of maxims or proverbial sayings, really found in Publilius Syrus and Caecilius Balbus.

[82] St. Augustine's story found its way into the Gesta Romanorum.

* * * * *

Corrections made to the printed original

P. lxxx "The pp. results from the pt. t." corrected from "The pp. results from the pp."

Ib. The Verb Substantive. "Pp. been, ben, be" corrected from "been, been, be"

P. 24 (s.v. Begon) "Begon, Begoon" corrected from "Begoon, Begoon"

P. 92 (s.v. Faire) "honestly" corrected from "honesty"

P. 264 (s.v. Thruste) "pr. s. Thrusteth, thirsts, yearns" corrected from "thirsts, yearns, Thrusteth"

P. 265 (s.v. Thurgh-darted) "transfixed" corrected from "trns fixed"